Repair and Diagnosis (Single Page)

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• Quick Lookups
  • Common Specs & Procedures
    • Specifications Index
  • DTC Index
    • A/C-Heater Systems DTCS
    • Air Bag Restraint Systems DTCS
    • Anti-Lock Brakes DTCS
    • Anti-Theft Systems (Pats) DTCS
    • Audio Control Module
    • AUTOLAMP Systems DTCS
    • Automatic Transmission Electronic Controls Diagnosis DTCS
    • Electric Cooling Fans DTCS
    • Evaporative Emissions DTCS
    • Instrument Panel DTCS
      • Instrument Panel - Natural Gas/NGV Module
      • Instrument Panel - Electronic
    • Lighting DTCS
      • Headlamps
      • AUTOLAMPS
      • STOPLAMPS
      • Turn Signal, Cornering And Hazard Lamps
      • Parking, Rear And License Lamps
    • Module Communications Network DTCS
    • Power Windows DTCS
    • Rear Window Defoggers DTCS
    • Self-Diagnostics DTCS
    • Steering Column Switches DTCS
  • Electrical Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Imported Cars & Trucks
        • ACURA
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        • BENTLEY
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        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • FERRARI
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • HONDA
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        • ISUZU
        • Jaguar
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        • Land Rover
        • LEXUS
        • MAZDA
        • MERCEDES-BENZ
        • MITSUBISHI
        • NISSAN
        • PEUGEOT
        • PORSCHE
        • RENAULT
        • Rolls-ROYCE
        • SAAB
        • SUBARU
        • SUZUKI
        • TOYOTA
        • VOLKSWAGEN
        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
      • Grounds
      • Splices
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fluids
  • Technical Bulletins
    • Campaigns
    • Safety Recalls
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Tire Fitment
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C clutch field coil Connector end view (C100)
        • Crankshaft position sensor Connector end view (C101)
        • Generator Connector end view (C102a)
        • Generator Connector end view (C102b)
        • Generator Connector end view (C102c)
        • Oil pressure switch Connector end view (C103)
        • Cylinder... head temperature sensor Connector end view (C107)
        • Inline Connector end view (C110)
        • Coil Plug (COP) Connector end view (C111)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector end view (C112)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector end view (C113)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector end view (C114)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector end view (C115)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector end view (C116)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector end view (C117)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector end view (C118)
        • Speed control actuator Connector end view (C122)
        • Brake fluid level switch Connector end view (C124)
        • Windshield wiper motor Connector end view (C125)
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor Connector end view (C128)
        • Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor Connector end view (C129)
        • A/C clutch cycling pressure switch Connector end view (C130)
        • Horn Connector end view (C131)
        • Ambient air temperature sensor Connector end view (C132)
        • Inline Connector end view (C133)
        • Inline Connector end view (C134)
        • ABS control module Connector end view (C135)
        • Windshield washer pump motor Connector end view (C137)
        • Washer fluid level switch Connector end view (C138)
        • Inline Connector end view (C139)
        • Inline Connector end view (C140)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S)#22 Connector end view (C141)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 Connector end view (C142)
        • Inline Connector end view (C144)
        • Inline Connector end view (C145)
        • Inline Connector end view (C146)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left front Connector end view (C150)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right front Connector end view (C160)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) sensor Connector end view (C167)
        • 4R70W transmission Connector end view (C168)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 Connector end view (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #21 Connector end view (C172)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector end view (C175)
        • Forward crash sensor Connector end view (C177)
        • Electr. Vacuum Regulator (EVR) solenoid valve Connector end view (C179)
        • Camshaft position sensor Connector end view (C180)
        • Fuel injector 1 Connector end view (C181)
        • Fuel injector 2 Connector end view (C182)
        • Fuel injector 3 Connector end view (C183)
        • Fuel injector 4 Connector end view (C184)
        • Fuel injector 5 Connector end view (C185)
        • Fuel injector 6 Connector end view (C186)
        • Fuel injector 7 Connector end view (C187)
        • Fuel injector 8 Connector end view (C188)
        • Inline Connector end view (C192)
        • Starter motor Connector end view (C197a)
        • Starter motor Connector end view (C197b)
        • Multifunction switch Connector end view (C202a)
        • Multifunction switch Connector end view (C202b)
        • Speed control switch Connector end view (C203)
        • Main light switch Connector end view (C205a)
        • Main light switch Connector end view (C205b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C210)
        • Inline Connector end view (C211)
        • Inline Connector end view (C212)
        • Inline Connector end view (C213)
        • Inline Connector end view (C214)
        • Inline Connector end view (C215)
        • Driver air bag unit Connector end view (C216a)
        • Driver air bag unit Connector end view (C216b)
        • Horn switch Connector end view (C217)
        • Air bag sliding contact Connector end view (C218a)
        • Air bag sliding contact Connector end view (C218b)
        • Air bag sliding contact Connector end view (C218c)
        • Inline Connector end view (C219)
        • Instrument cluster Connector end view (C220a)
        • Instrument cluster Connector end view (C220b)
        • Instruments cluster Connector end view (C220c)
        • Steering position sensor Connector end view (C226)
        • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) module Connector end view (C228a)
        • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) module Connector end view (C228b)
        • In... vehicle temperature sensor Connector end view (C233)
        • Inline Connector end view (C237)
        • Inline Connector end view (C238)
        • Rear window defrost switch Connector end view (C241)
        • Inline Connector end view (C248)
        • Ignition Switch Connector end view (C250)
        • Data Link Connector end view (C251)
        • Passive Anti... Theft System (PATS) control module Connector end view (C252)
        • Message center Connector end view (C253)
        • Glove box lamp Connector end view (C254)
        • Passenger air bag module Connector end view (C256)
        • Inline Connector end view (C260)
        • Inline Connector end view (C263)
        • Inline Connector end view (C264)
        • Inline Connector end view (C275)
        • Deactivator switch Connector end view (C277)
        • Brake pedal switch position switch Connector end view (C278)
        • Traction control switch Connector end view (C280)
        • Sunload sensor Connector end view (C286)
        • Autolamp sensor Connector end view (C287)
        • Temperature blend door actuator Connector end view (C289)
        • Radio Connector end view (C290a)
        • Radio Connector end view (C290b)
        • Radio Connector end view (C290c)
        • Function selector switch assembly Connector end view (C294a)
        • Function selector switch assembly Connector end view (C294b)
        • Function selector switch assembly Connector end view (C294c)
        • Function selector switch assembly Connector end view (C294d)
        • Inline Connector end view (C299)
        • Antenna Connector end view (C301)
        • Passenger safety belt retractor pretensioner Connector end view (C303)
        • Restraints control module Connector end view (C310a)
        • Restraints control module Connector end view (C310b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C311)
        • Inline Connector end view (C312)
        • Cigar lighter, front Connector end view (C319)
        • Safety belt buckle switch, driver Connector end view (C323)
        • Inline Connector end view (C327)
        • Lumbar adjust switch, right front Connector end view (C331)
        • Passenger seat lumbar compressor motor Connector end view (C336)
        • Passenger seat backrest motor Connector end view (C338)
        • Power seat switch left Connector end view (C352)
        • Power seat motor assembly, left Connector end view (C353)
        • Seat track position sensor, left Connector end view (C358)
        • Lumber adjust switch, left front Connector end view (C361)
        • Driver seat backrest motor Connector end view (C366)
        • Driver seat backrest motor Connector end view (C368)
        • Power point Connector end view (C380)
        • Safety belt buckle switch, passenger Connector end view (C381)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) switch Connector end view (C392)
        • Inline Connector end view (C405)
        • Inline Connector end view (C406)
        • Inline Connector end view (C408)
        • Fuel door released solenoid Connector end view (C409)
        • Inline Connector end view (C410)
        • Inline Connector end view (C411)
        • Park/turn lamp, left rear Connector end view (C412)
        • Park/turn lamp, right rear Connector end view (C415)
        • Inline Connector end view (C421)
        • Inline Connector end view (C422)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right rear Connector end view (C426)
        • Luggage compartment lamp Connector end view (C428)
        • Luggage compartment lid release solenoid Connector end view (C430)
        • Inline Connector end view (C431)
        • Fuel tank unit Connector end view (C433)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left rear Connector end view (C440)
        • Evaporative emission (EVAP) canister vent valve Connector end view (C450)
        • Reversing lamp left Connector end view (C451)
        • Reversing lamp right Connector end view (C461)
        • Inline Connector end view (C465)
        • Subwoofer amplifier Connector end view (C466)
        • High mounted stoplamp Connector end view (C475)
        • Speaker, left rear Connector end view (C484)
        • Speaker, left rear Connector end view (C485)
        • License lamps Connector end view (C490)
        • Driver Door Module Connector end view (C501a)
        • Driver Door Module Connector end view (C501b)
        • Driver Door Module Connector end view (C501c)
        • Master window/door lock/unlock switch Connector end view (C508)
        • Inline Connector end view (C510)
        • Inline Connector end view (C511)
        • Fuel door released switch Connector end view (C512)
        • Seal adjust switch, driver side front Connector end view (C519)
        • Exterior rear view mirror switch Connector end view (C521)
        • Speaker, left front Connector end view (C523)
        • Power window motor, driver side front Connector end view (C524)
        • Door lock unit, driver side front Connector end view (C525)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side front Connector end view (C526a)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side front Connector end view (C526b)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side front Connector end view (C526c)
        • One... touch Down Module Connector end view (C528)
        • Key pad switch assembly Connector end view (C530)
        • Luggage compartment lid release switch 1 Connector end view (C534)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, driver side Connector end view (C560)
        • Inline Connector end view (C561)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side front Connector end view (C602a)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side front Connector end view (C602b)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side front Connector end view (C602c)
        • Door lock actuator, passenger side Connector end view (C603)
        • Power window motor, passenger side front Connector end view (C608)
        • Speaker, right front Connector end view (C612)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, right Connector end view (C622)
        • Seat adjust switch, passenger side front Connector end view (C627)
        • Front passenger window/door lock switch Connector end view (C629)
        • Window adjust switch, left rear Connector end view (C701)
        • Power window motor, left rear Connector end view (C703)
        • Power window motor, left rear Connector end view (C704)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side rear Connector end view (C715a)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side rear Connector end view (C715b)
        • Window adjust switch, right rear Connector end view (C801)
        • Power window motor, right rear Connector end view (C803)
        • Door lock actuator, right rear Connector end view (C804)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side rear Connector end view (C820a)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side rear Connector end view (C820b)
        • Vanity mirror tamp, right Connector end view (C906)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, right Connector end view (C906)
        • Vanity mirror tamp, left Connector end view (C907)
        • Map lamp switch, left front Connector end view (C910)
        • Electrochromatic inside mirror unit Connector end view (C911)
        • Interior/map lamps assembly, front Connector end view (C929)
        • Interior/map lamps assembly, rear Connector end view (C932)
        • Interior lamp Connector end view (C981a)
        • Interior lamp Connector end view (C981b)
        • Taxi roof lamp Connector end view (C994a)
        • Taxi roof lamp Connector end view (C994b)
        • Horn relay Connector end view (C1006)
        • A/C clutch relay Connector end view (C1008)
        • Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) module Connector end view (C1009)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1010)
        • PCM power relay Connector end view (C1016)
        • Starter relay Connector end view (C1017)
        • PCM power diode Connector end view (C1018)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1019)
        • Headlamp, left Connector end view (C1021)
        • Park/turn lamp, left front Connector end view (C1023)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1026)
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) module Connector end view (C1030)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1033)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) Connector end view (C1035a)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) Connector end view (C1035b)
        • Headlamp, right Connector end view (C1041)
        • Park/turn lamp, right front Connector end view (C1043)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1045)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1046)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1047)
        • Engine cooling fan motor Connector end view (C1048)
        • Fuel pump relay Connector end view (C1051)
        • Engine cooling fan relay Connector end view (C1055)
        • High speed fan control relay Connector end view (C1056)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor Connector end view (C1064)
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) valve Connector end view (C1066)
        • Different Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) sensor Connector end view (C1068)
        • Injector pressure sensor Connector end view (C1073)
        • A/C high pressure switch Connector end view (C1078)
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor Connector end view (C1088)
        • Rear window defrost relay Connector end view (C1099)
        • Battery Connector end view (C1100a)
        • Battery Connector end view (C1100b)
        • Output Shaft Speed Sensor Connector end view (C1107)
        • Side turn signal lamp, right Connector end view (C1122)
        • Side turn signal lamp, left Connector end view (C1123)
        • Side lamp, right front Connector end view (C1126)
        • Side lamp, left front Connector end view (C1127)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) sensor Connector end view (C1130)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1147)
        • Engine compartment lamp Connector end view (C1159)
        • Electronic variable orilice actuator Connector end view (C1169)
        • Air suspension compressor assembly Connector end view (C1179)
        • Fuel injector 1 Connector end view (C1181)
        • Fuel injector 2 Connector end view (C1182)
        • Fuel injector 3 Connector end view (C1183)
        • Fuel injector 4 Connector end view (C1184)
        • Fuel injector 5 Connector end view (C1185)
        • Fuel injector 6 Connector end view (C1186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector end view (C1189)
        • Vapor management valve Connector end view (C1195)
        • Ignition transformer capacitor Connector end view (C1196)
        • Front blower motor Connector end view (C1227)
        • Fuel rail temperature sensor Connector end view (C1257)
        • Fuel rail cutoff valve Connector end view (C1258)
        • Air suspension compressor relay Connector end view (C1300)
        • Front blower motor speed controller Connector end view (C1308)
        • Fuel injector 7 Connector end view (C1312)
        • Fuel injector 8 Connector end view (C1313)
        • Police power relay Connector end view (C1325)
        • Fuel valve relay Connector end view (C1327)
        • Front blower motor resistor assembly Connector end view (C1349)
        • Adjustable pedal motor Connector end view (C2003)
        • Passive anti.... theft transceiver module Connector end view (C2007)
        • Bake shift interlock Connector end view (C2008)
        • Parking brake switch Connector end view (C2015)
        • Clock Connector end view (C2016)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2026)
        • Cigar lighter, front Connector end view (C2031a)
        • Cigar lighter, front Connector end view (C2031b)
        • Power point Connector end view (C2033)
        • Courtesty lamp, left footwell Connector end view (C2056)
        • Courtesy lamp, right footwell Connector end view (C2057)
        • Adjustable pedal switch Connector end view (C2089)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2095)
        • Power point Connector end view (C2096)
        • Air suspension module Connector end view (C2131a)
        • Air suspension module Connector end view (C2131b)
        • Overdrive cancel switch Connector end view (C2135)
        • Lighting control module Connector end view (C2145a)
        • Lighting control module Connector end view (C2145b)
        • Lighting control module Connector end view (C2145c)
        • Warning buzzer/chime module Connector end view (C2156)
        • Wiper Control Module (WCM) Connector end view (C2157)
        • Luggage compartment lid release Connector end view (C2203)
        • Luggage compartment lid release switch 3 Connector end view (C2204)
        • Spot lamp, LH side Connector end view (C2205)
        • Spot lamp, LH side Connector end view (C2206)
        • Audio/climate control switch Connector end view (C2208)
        • Door ajar indicator Connector end view (C2212a)
        • Door ajar indicator Connector end view (C2212b)
        • Taxi roof lamp switch Connector end view (C2213)
        • Instrument cluster Connector end view (C2220a)
        • Instrument cluster Connector end view (C2220b)
        • Warning lamps module Connector end view (C2222)
        • Electronic Variable Orifice (EVO) steering module Connector end view (C2230)
        • Driver safety belt retractor pretensioner Connector end view (C3014)
        • Power seat motor assembly, right Connector end view (C3015)
        • CD changer Connector end view (C3028)
        • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS) Connector end view (C3159a)
        • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS) Connector end view (C3159b)
        • Air suspension height sensor Connector end view (C4043)
        • Shock absorber solenoid valve, left rear Connector end view (C4044)
        • Shock absorber solenoid valve, left rear Connector end view (C4045)
        • Pressure reservoir control switch Connector end view (C4087)
        • Emergency flasher relay 1 Connector end view (C4088)
        • Emergency flasher relay 2 Connector end view (C4089)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp 1, left rear Connector end view (C4112)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp 2, left rear Connector end view (C4113)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp 1, right rear Connector end view (C4114)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp 2, right rear Connector end view (C4115)
        • Tank valve 2 Connector end view (C4122)
        • Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) fuel tank pressure sensor Connector end view (C4127)
        • Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) fuel tank temperature sensor Connector end view (C4128)
        • Tank valve 1 Connector end view (C4129)
        • Rear flasher relay Connector end view (C4143)
        • Rear flasher Connector end view (C4144)
        • EVO diagnostic Connector end view (C4146)
        • Tank valve 3 Connector end view (C4147)
        • Tank valve 4 Connector end view (C4148)
        • Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) fuel tank temperature sensor 2 Connector end view (C4149)
        • Turn lamp 1, left rear Connector end view (C4152)
        • Turn lamp 2, left rear Connector end view (C4153)
        • Turn lamp 1, right rear Connector end view (C4154)
        • Turn lamp 2, right rear Connector end view (C4155)
        • Police flasher lamp, left rear Connector end view (C4163)
        • Police flasher lamp, right rear Connector end view (C4164)
        • Tank valve 5 Connector end view (C4204)
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cooling Fan
      • Cruise Control
      • Defoggers
      • Electronic Power Steering
      • Electronic Suspension
      • Engine Performance
        • 4.6L
        • 4.6L CNG
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Seats
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlock
      • Starting/Charging
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
      • Trunk, Tailgate, Fuel Door
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Accessories & Equipment
  • Accessories Control Systems
    • Universal Transmitter - Remote Convenience System
      • Description And Operation
        • Universal Transmitter
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Universal Transmitter
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
      • General Procedures
        • Programming
          • Notes
          • Erasing Channels
  • Anti-Theft Systems
    • Anti-Theft System - Pats
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Theft-Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Theft-Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS)
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS)-Inspection and Verification
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS)-Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) Index
          • PATS Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS)--Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) Descriptions
          • Expanded DTC Descriptions
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS)--Symptom Chart
          • Symptom Chart
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test B1213-: Anti-Theft Number Of Programmed Encoded Ignition Keys Below Minimum
          • Pinpoint Test B2103-: Antenna Not Connected-- Defective Transceiver
          • Pinpoint Test B1600-: No Key Code Received - Damaged Encoded Ignition Key Or Use Of Non-Pats Encoded Ignition Key
          • Pinpoint Test B1601-: Unprogrammed Encoded Ignition Key (KEYCODE Format OK)
          • Pinpoint Test B1602-: Invalid Key Code Format From Encoded Ignition Key Transponder (Partial Key Read)
          • Pinpoint Test B1681-: Pats Transceiver Signal Is Not Received (Not Connected, Damaged, Or Wiring)
          • Pinpoint Test B2139-: PCM ID Does Not Match Between Pats And PCM
          • Pinpoint Test B2141-: No Security ID Exchange Between Pats And PCM
          • Pinpoint Test U1147-: Faulty SCP Link Or Incorrect Pcm Calibration
          • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Module
          • Pinpoint Test B: The Anti-Theft Is Always/Never On - No Three-Second Anti-Theft Indicator Prove Out
      • General Procedures
        • Key Programming - Program a Key Using Two Programmed Keys
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Key Programming - Erase All Key Codes and Program Two Keys
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Key Programming - Spare Key Programming Switch
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Key Programming - Additional Key With One Programmed Key
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Security Access - Procedure
          • Special Tool(s)
      • Removal And Installation
        • Module-Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Module-Passive Anti-Theft Transceiver
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Passive Anti-Theft System Job Aid
      • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) Specifications
        • Ford System (Pats) Specifications
        • LINCOLN System (Pats) Specifications
        • Mercury System (Pats) Specifications
      • Pats Key Types
      • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
      • Non-Pats Issues
      • Things To Do:
      • Things Not To Do:
      • Programming Procedures
        • Notes
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #1
          • Procedure #2
          • Procedure #3
        • Spare Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #4
        • Spare Key Programming Using Programmed Keys
          • Procedure #5
          • Procedure #6
        • Replacing Pats Control Module Or Pcm
          • Procedure #7
          • Procedure #8
    • Power Door Lock System & Trunk Release System
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Door Locks
        • Trunk Release
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: One Door Lock Inoperative
        • Test B: All Door Locks Inoperative
        • Test C: All Door Locks Operate From One Switch Only
        • Test D: Door Locks Operate In One Direction Only
        • Test E: Door Locks Operate Only With Engine Running
        • Test F: Door Locks Operate Intermittently
        • Test G: Trunk Release Is Inoperative (Except Police Model)
        • Test H: Trunk Release Is Inoperative (Police Model)
      • Component Tests
        • Door Lock Actuator
        • Door Lock Switch
        • Trunk Release Solenoid
        • Trunk Release Switch
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Door Lock Actuator
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Lock Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Driver's Side)
          • Removal & Installation (Passenger's Side)
        • Door Trim Panel
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Front Doors)
          • Removal & Installation (Rear Doors)
        • Trunk Release Solenoid
          • Removal & Installation
        • Trunk Release Switch
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Crown Victoria
        • Grand Marquis
    • Remote Keyless Entry System [Transmitter Programming Procedures]
      • Programming Methods & Transmitter Types
        • Programming Method And Transmitter Type Application
        • Transmitter Type Identification
        • Programming Methods
          • Programming Method A
          • Programming Method D
          • Programming Method I
          • Programming Method K
          • Programming Method L
          • Programming Method M
          • Programming Method N
          • Programming Method O
      • Helpful Hints
        • Remote Entry Programming Procedure
        • Poor Operating Range Performance
        • Miscellaneous
  • Communication Devices
    • Module Communications Network System
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Repairing Bus Wiring
      • Programming
        • Adjustable Pedals Indexing
        • Driver's Door Module
        • Lighting Control Module
        • Passive Anti-Theft System Module
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Notes
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Data Link Diagnostic Test
        • Retrieving & Clearing Diagnostic Trouble Codes
        • Accessing Parameter Identification
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • Parameter Identification Definitions
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Anti-Lock Brake System Control Module Does Not Respond To Scan Tool
        • Test B: Lighting Control Module Does Not Respond To Scan Tool
        • Test C: Driver's Door Module Does Not Respond To Scan Tool
        • Test D: Natural Gas Vehicle Module Does Not Respond To Scan Tool
        • Test E: Electronic Automatic Temperature Control Module Does Not Respond To Scan Tool
        • Test F: Restraint Control Module Does Not Respond To Scan Tool
        • Test G: Powertrain Control Module Does Not Respond To Scan Tool
        • Test H: Passive Anti-Theft System Module Does Not Respond To Scan Tool
        • Test I: No Module/Network Communications - ISO 9141 Link
        • Test J: No Module/Network Communications - SCP Network
        • Test K: No Module/Network Communication
      • Removal & Installation
        • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Driver's Door Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Adjustable Accelerator Pedal
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Lighting Control Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Natural Gas Vehicle Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Passive Anti-Theft System Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Restraint Control Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Crown Victoria
        • Grand Marquis
  • Cruise Control Systems
    • Description & Operation
    • Component Locations
    • Adjustments
      • Cruise Control Cable
      • DEACTIVATOR Switch
    • Trouble Shooting
    • Self-Diagnostic System
    • System Tests
      • Notes
      • Test A: Cruise Control Is Inoperative
      • Test B: Set Speed Fluctuates
      • Test C: Cruise Control Does Not Disengage When Brakes Are Applied
      • Test D: Coast Switch Inoperative
      • Test E: Set/ACCEL Switch Inoperative
      • Test F: Resume Switch Inoperative
      • Test G: Off Switch Inoperative
      • Test H: No Dynamic Pull Occurs At Throttle During Self Test
      • Test I: Brake Pedal Position Switch Failure (Flash Code 2)
      • Test J: DEACTIVATOR Switch Circuit Failure (Flash Code 3)
      • Test K: Flash With Last Switch Depressed/Dynamic Pull Occurs At Throttle - Cruise Control Inoperative
    • Removal & Installation
      • Brake Pedal Position Switch
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Cruise Control Cable
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Cruise Control Switches
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • DEACTIVATOR Switch
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Servo/Actuator Assembly
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Vehicle Speed Sensor
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
    • Torque Specifications
    • Wiring Diagrams
      • Crown Victoria
      • Grand Marquis
  • Exterior Lights
    • Exterior Lighting System
      • Specifications
        • Notes
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Exterior Lighting
          • Notes
          • Lighting Control Module (LCM)
          • Security Lighting
          • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Headlamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Headlamp System
            • Headlamp Switch
            • Headlamps On Warning Chime
          • Inspection and Verification
          • LCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Both Headlamps Are Inoperative-High Beams And Low Beams
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Headlamps Are On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test C: The High Beams Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Low Beams Are Inoperative
            • PINPOINT TEST E: ONE LOW BEAM headlamp IS INOPERATIVE
            • PINPOINT TEST F: ONE HIGH BEAM headlamp IS INOPERATIVE
        • Autolamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Headlamp Delay System - Autolamp
          • Inspection and Verification
          • LCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test G: The AUTOLAMPS Are Inoperative - The AUTOLAMPS Are Always On
            • Pinpoint Test H: The AUTOLAMP Time Delay Is Inoperative
        • Stoplamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Stoplamps
            • High Mounted Stoplamp
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DDM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test I: The STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test J: One Or More STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative - Not All
            • Pinpoint Test K: The STOPLAMPS Are On Continuously
        • Turn Signal, Cornering and Hazard Lamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Cornering Lamps
            • Turn Signal and Hazard Lamps
            • Hazard Lamps Switch
          • Inspection and Verification
          • LCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test L: DTC B1872: Turn/Hazard Power Feed Circuit Short To Battery
            • Pinpoint Test M: DTC B1873: Turn Signal/Hazard Power Feed Circuit Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Never On - The Hazard Lamps Are Never On
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Never On - The Hazard Lamps Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Hazard Lamps Are Inoperative - The Turn Signal Lamps Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test Q: One Turn Signal/Hazard Lamp Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Cornering Lamps Are Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Cornering Lamp Is Never On - An Individual Cornering Lamp Is Inoperative
        • Parking, Rear and License Lamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Lamps - Parking, Rear and Side Marker
            • License Lamps
          • Inspection and Verification
          • LCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test T: DTC B1575: Lamp Park Input Circuit Failure/DTC B1577: Lamp Park Input Circuit Short To Battery
            • Pinpoint Test U: The Exterior Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test V: The Parking, Rear Or License Lamps Are On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test W: One Or More Parking, Rear, Or License Lamps Are Inoperative - Not All
        • Reversing Lamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Reversing Lamps
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test X: The Reversing Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test Y: The Individual Reversing Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test Z: The Reversing Lamps Are On Continuously
        • Public Safety - Police Package
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test Aa: The Public Safety Equipment Power Supply Is Inoperative - Red Accessory Connector
            • Pinpoint Test Ab: The Public Safety Equipment Power Supply Is Inoperative - Blue Accessory Connector
            • Pinpoint Test Ac: The Deck Lamps Are Inoperative
            • PINPOINT TEST ad: THE PUBLIC SAFETY LIGHTING COMPONENT IS INOPERATIVE - LH PACKAGE TRAY LAMP(S)
            • Pinpoint Test AE: The Public Safety Lighting Component Is Inoperative - RH Package Tray Lamp(S)
      • General Procedures
        • Headlamp Adjustment
          • Headlamp Aiming
          • Screen Method Aiming
      • Removal And Installation
        • Bulb - Headlamp
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lamp Assembly - Headlamp
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lamp Assembly - Side Marker
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lamp Assembly - Rear
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lamp Assembly - High Mounted Stoplamp
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Spotlamp
          • Removal and Installation
        • Lamp Switch - Headlamp
          • Removal and Installation
        • Lamp Switch - Brake Pedal Position (BPP)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Photocell and Amplifier - Light Sensor Amplifier
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Gauges & Instrument Panels
    • Electronic - Instrument Cluster System
      • Specifications
        • Speedometer Drive/Driven Gear Usage
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Notes
          • Electronic Instrument Cluster
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles Of Operation
            • Notes
            • Engine Coolant Temperature Gauge
            • Fuel Gauge
            • Speedometer
            • Odometer
            • Speed Control
            • High Beam
            • LH/RH Turn/Hazard
            • Traction Control
          • Warning Indicators
            • Air Bag
            • Abs
            • Brake System
            • Charging System
            • Low Fuel
            • Overdrive Off
            • Safety Belt
            • Check Engine
            • Low Oil Pressure
            • Fail Safe Cooling
            • Check Air Suspension
            • Trunk Ajar
            • Door Ajar
            • Low Washer Fluid
            • Check Fuel Cap
        • Inspection & Verification
          • Notes
          • Instrument Cluster Self-Test
          • PCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Instrument Cluster Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test B: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
          • Pinpoint Test C: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
          • Pinpoint Test D: Incorrect Oil Pressure Gauge Indication
          • Pinpoint Test E: The Speedometer/Odometer Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test F: The Low Fuel Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
          • Pinpoint Test G: The Charging System Warning Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test H: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test I: The Check Engine Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test J: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)
          • Pinpoint Test K: The Check Air Suspension Indicator Is Never/Always On
          • Pinpoint Test L: The LH Turn Indicator Is Never/Always On
          • Pinpoint Test M: The RH Turn Indicator Is Never/Always On
          • Pinpoint Test N: The High Beam Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test O: The TRAC CNTL (Traction Control) Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test P: The Overdrive Off Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test Q: The Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Warning Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test R: The Fail Safe Cooling Warning Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test S: The Door Ajar Warning Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test T: The Trunk Ajar Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test U: The Low Washer Fluid Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test V: The Hazard Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test W: The Air Bag Warning Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test X: The Check Fuel Cap Indicator Is Never/Always On
      • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Instrument Cluster System - Conventional
      • Specifications
        • Speedometer Calibration
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Instrument Cluster
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles Of Operation
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Gauge
          • Fuel Gauge
          • Speedometer/Odometer
          • Warning Indicators
            • Air Bag
            • Anti-Lock Brakes
            • Brake System
            • Charging System
            • Fail Safe Cooling
            • Low Fuel
            • Overdrive Off
            • Safety Belt
            • Check Fuel Cap
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Instrument Cluster Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test C: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test D: Incorrect Oil Pressure Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Speedometer/Odometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Low Fuel Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Charging System Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Check Engine Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Air Suspension Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test L: The LH Turn Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test M: The RH Turn Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test N: The High Beam Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Traction Control Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test P: The O/D Off Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The ABS Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Fail-Safe Cooling Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Check Fuel Cap Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test T: The Air Bag Indicator Is Never On
      • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Removal & Installation
        • Warning Indicator Bulb
          • Notes
          • Installation
        • Cluster Lens
      • Disassembly & Assembly
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Instrument Cluster System - Natural Gas Vehicle
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Instrument Cluster - Natural Gas Vehicle
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles Of Operation
            • Notes
            • Fuel Level Indication System
            • Low Fuel Level Warning Switch
            • Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) Module
            • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor
            • Fuel Tank Temperature Sensors
            • Diagnostic Instructions
          • Inspection & Verification
        • NGV Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Test
          • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The NGV Module
          • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1219 - Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1220 - Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor Circuit Short To Battery
          • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1222 - Fuel Tank Temperature Sensor No. 1 Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1223 - Fuel Tank Temperature Sensor No. 1 Circuit Open
          • Pinpoint Test F: DTC B1224 - Fuel Tank Temperature Sensor No. 1 Circuit Short To Battery
          • Pinpoint Test G: DTC B1225 - Fuel Tank Temperature Sensor No. 1 Circuit Short To Ground
          • Pinpoint Test H: DTC B1226 - Fuel Tank Temperature Sensor No. 2 Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test I: DTC - Fuel Tank Temperature Sensor No. 2 Circuit Open
          • Pinpoint Test J: DTC B1228 - Fuel Tank Temperature Sensor No. 2 Circuit Short To Battery
          • Pinpoint Test K: DTC B1229 - Fuel Tank Temperature Sensor No. 2 Circuit Short To Ground
          • Pinpoint Test L: DTC B1317 - Battery Voltage High
          • Pinpoint Test M: DTC B1318 - Battery Voltage Low
          • Pinpoint Test N: DTC B1342 - ECU Is Defective Or Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
          • Pinpoint Test O: The Instrument Cluster Is Inoperative/Erratic
      • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster - Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Warning Indicator Bulb
          • Removal and Installation
        • Cluster Lens
          • Removal & Installation
      • Disassembly & Assembly
        • Instrument Cluster
    • Instrument Cluster System & Panel Illumination
      • Description & Operation
        • Instrument Cluster & Panel Illumination
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Instrument Cluster & Panel Illumination
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles Of Operation
        • Inspection & Verification
        • LCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Lighting Control Module
          • Pinpoint Test B: No Communication With The Lighting Control Module - Unable To Enter Self-Test
          • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1579: Dim Panel Increase Input Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1581: Dim Panel Increase Input Circuit Short To Battery
          • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1583: Dim Panel Decrease Input Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test F: DTC B1585: Dim Panel Decrease Input Circuit Short To Battery
          • Pinpoint Test G: The Control Illumination Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test H: The Instrument Cluster Illumination Is Inoperative - Conventional
          • Pinpoint Test I: The Instrument Cluster Illumination Is Inoperative - Electronic
          • Pinpoint Test J: The Climate Control Illumination Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test K: The Audio System Illumination Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test L: A Single Illumination Source Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test M: The Instrument Panel Illumination Does Not Dim
      • Removal Installation
        • Bulb - Climate Control Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Instrument Panel & Console
      • Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Instrument Panel
        • Console - Floor
      • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Instrument Panel - Cluster Finish Panel
          • Removal & Installation
        • Floor Console
          • Removal & Installation
        • Floor Console - Finish Panel Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
  • Headlights
    • Daytime Running Lamp System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Daytime Running Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Daytime Running Lamps Are On With The Ignition Switch Off
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Low Beam Headlamps Are On At Full Intensity In DRL Mode
      • Removal And Installation
        • Module-Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Heated Glass/Defoggers
    • Rear Window Defogger System
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • On-Vehicle Service
        • Notes
        • Grid Filament Repair
        • Lead Terminal Repair
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Self-Diagnostic System
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: No Communication With Lighting Control Module
        • Test B: Rear Window Defogger Inoperative
        • Test C: Rear Window Defogger Does Not Shut Off Automatically
        • Test D: Rear Defogger Switch On Indicator Inoperative
      • Component Tests
        • Notes
        • Grid Filament Test
      • Removal & Installation
        • Lighting Control Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Crown Victoria
        • Grand Marquis
  • Horns
    • Horn System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Horn
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Horn
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Horn Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Horn Is Always On
  • Interior/Exterior Trim
    • Instrument Panel & Console
      • Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Instrument Panel
        • Console - Floor
      • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Instrument Panel - Cluster Finish Panel
          • Removal & Installation
        • Floor Console
          • Removal & Installation
        • Floor Console - Finish Panel Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
  • Interior/Illumination Lights
    • Interior Lighting System
      • Description And Operation
        • Interior Lighting
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Interior Lighting
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • LCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Courtesy Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: An Individual Courtesy Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Courtesy Lamps Stay On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Demand Lighting Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: An Individual Demand Lighting Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC B1322: Driver Door Ajar Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTC B1445 Or B1442: Door Handle Switch Failure
            • Pinpoint Test H: DTC B1566: Door Ajar-Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test I: DTC B1687 Or DTC B1685: Dome Lamp Input Failure
      • Removal And Installation
        • Lamp Assembly-Front Dome/Map
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lamp Assembly-Rear Reading
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Mirrors
    • Power Mirror System
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Both Power Mirrors Inoperative
        • Test B: Single Power Mirror Inoperative
        • Test C: Single Power Mirror Does Not Function With Switch Logic
        • Test D: Auto Dimming Feature Malfunction
        • Test E: Heated Mirror Does Not Defrost
      • Component Tests
        • Notes
        • Power Mirror Control Switch
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Dimming Mirror Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Mirror Control Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Mirror Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Mirror Glass & Motor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Crown Victoria
        • Grand Marquis
  • Seats
    • Seat System
      • Specification
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Seats
          • Notes
          • Seat Occupant Sensor
          • Lumbar Support
          • Power Recliner
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Seats
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Restraint System Diagnostic Tool Warning
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
            • Notes
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Power Seat Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically - Driver Seat Without Power Recline
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically - Driver Seat With Power Recline
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically - Passenger Seat
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Power Seat Does Not Recline - Driver Seat
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Power Seat Does Not Recline - Passenger Seat
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Power Lumbar Is Inoperative - Driver Seat
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Power Lumbar Is Inoperative - Passenger Seat
      • General Procedures
        • Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) Deactivation and Reactivation
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Deactivation
          • Reactivation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Front Seat
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Seat
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Seat Backrest
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Control Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Lumbar Control Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Armrest - Rear
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Recliner
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Track
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Position Sensor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Lumbar Motor
          • Removal and Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Front Seat Cushion
          • Disassembly and Assembly
        • Front Seat Backrest
          • Disassembly and Assembly
        • Seat Armrest-Rear
          • Disassembly and Assembly
  • Steering Column Switches
    • Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Steering Column Switches
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Steering Column Switches
        • Notes
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Lighting Control Module (LCM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: Ignition Switch Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test B: No Power In Acc Position
          • Pinpoint Test C: No Power In On Position
          • Pinpoint Test D: No Power In Start Position
          • Pinpoint Test E: MULTIFUNCTION Switch Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test F: DTC B1359-Ignition Run/ACCY/Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test G: DTC 1555-Ignition Run/Start Circuit Failure
        • Component Test
          • Ignition Switch Continuity Check
        • Multifunction Switch
    • Removal And Installation
      • Multifunction Switch
        • Notes
        • Installation
      • Ignition Switch
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Key Release Interlock Actuator
        • Removal and Installation
  • Window Motors & Regulators
    • Power Window System
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Programming
        • Driver's Door Module
        • Lighting Control Module
      • Adjustments
        • Front Doors Window Glass
        • Rear Doors Window Glass
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Self-Diagnostic System
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: No Communication With Driver's Door Module
        • Test B: All Power Windows Completely Inoperative
        • Test C: Left Front Power Window Is Inoperative
        • Test D: Right Front Power Window Is Inoperative
        • Test E: Single Rear Power Window Is Inoperative
        • Test F: One-Touch Down Feature Inoperative
      • Component Tests
        • Master Power Window Switch
        • Left Front Power Window/Door Lock Switch
        • Rear Power Window Switches
        • Power Window Motor
      • Removal & Installation
        • Driver's Door Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Window Motor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Front Door)
          • Removal & Installation (Rear Door)
        • Power Window Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Left Front)
          • Removal & Installation (Right Front)
          • Removal & Installation (Right & Left Rear)
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Crown Victoria
        • Grand Marquis
  • Wiper/Washer Systems
    • Wiper System & Washer System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Wipers And Washers
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Wipers And Washers
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Washer Pump Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Washer Pump Is Inoperative - Runs Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Wipers Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The High Wiper Speeds Do Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Low Wiper Speeds Do Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Intermittent Wiper Speed Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Wipers Will Not Park At The Correct Position
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Wipers Stay On Continuously
          • Component Test
            • Windshield Wiper Motor
      • General Procedures
        • Wiper Blade and Pivot Arm Adjustment
      • Removal And Installation
        • Pivot Arm
          • Removal and Installation
        • Mounting Arm and Pivot Shaft
          • Removal and Installation
        • Motor - Windshield Wiper
          • Removal and Installation
        • Washer Pump and Reservoir
          • Removal and Installation
        • Module-Windshield Wiper Control
          • Removal and Installation
        • Switch
          • Removal
• Body & Frame
  • Door Locks
    • Anti-Theft System - Pats
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Theft-Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Theft-Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS)
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS)-Inspection and Verification
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS)-Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) Index
          • PATS Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS)--Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) Descriptions
          • Expanded DTC Descriptions
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS)--Symptom Chart
          • Symptom Chart
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test B1213-: Anti-Theft Number Of Programmed Encoded Ignition Keys Below Minimum
          • Pinpoint Test B2103-: Antenna Not Connected-- Defective Transceiver
          • Pinpoint Test B1600-: No Key Code Received - Damaged Encoded Ignition Key Or Use Of Non-Pats Encoded Ignition Key
          • Pinpoint Test B1601-: Unprogrammed Encoded Ignition Key (KEYCODE Format OK)
          • Pinpoint Test B1602-: Invalid Key Code Format From Encoded Ignition Key Transponder (Partial Key Read)
          • Pinpoint Test B1681-: Pats Transceiver Signal Is Not Received (Not Connected, Damaged, Or Wiring)
          • Pinpoint Test B2139-: PCM ID Does Not Match Between Pats And PCM
          • Pinpoint Test B2141-: No Security ID Exchange Between Pats And PCM
          • Pinpoint Test U1147-: Faulty SCP Link Or Incorrect Pcm Calibration
          • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Module
          • Pinpoint Test B: The Anti-Theft Is Always/Never On - No Three-Second Anti-Theft Indicator Prove Out
      • General Procedures
        • Key Programming - Program a Key Using Two Programmed Keys
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Key Programming - Erase All Key Codes and Program Two Keys
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Key Programming - Spare Key Programming Switch
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Key Programming - Additional Key With One Programmed Key
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Security Access - Procedure
          • Special Tool(s)
      • Removal And Installation
        • Module-Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Module-Passive Anti-Theft Transceiver
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Passive Anti-Theft System Job Aid
      • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) Specifications
        • Ford System (Pats) Specifications
        • LINCOLN System (Pats) Specifications
        • Mercury System (Pats) Specifications
      • Pats Key Types
      • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
      • Non-Pats Issues
      • Things To Do:
      • Things Not To Do:
      • Programming Procedures
        • Notes
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #1
          • Procedure #2
          • Procedure #3
        • Spare Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #4
        • Spare Key Programming Using Programmed Keys
          • Procedure #5
          • Procedure #6
        • Replacing Pats Control Module Or Pcm
          • Procedure #7
          • Procedure #8
    • Power Door Lock System & Trunk Release System
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Door Locks
        • Trunk Release
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: One Door Lock Inoperative
        • Test B: All Door Locks Inoperative
        • Test C: All Door Locks Operate From One Switch Only
        • Test D: Door Locks Operate In One Direction Only
        • Test E: Door Locks Operate Only With Engine Running
        • Test F: Door Locks Operate Intermittently
        • Test G: Trunk Release Is Inoperative (Except Police Model)
        • Test H: Trunk Release Is Inoperative (Police Model)
      • Component Tests
        • Door Lock Actuator
        • Door Lock Switch
        • Trunk Release Solenoid
        • Trunk Release Switch
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Door Lock Actuator
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Lock Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Driver's Side)
          • Removal & Installation (Passenger's Side)
        • Door Trim Panel
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Front Doors)
          • Removal & Installation (Rear Doors)
        • Trunk Release Solenoid
          • Removal & Installation
        • Trunk Release Switch
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Crown Victoria
        • Grand Marquis
    • Remote Keyless Entry System [Transmitter Programming Procedures]
      • Programming Methods & Transmitter Types
        • Programming Method And Transmitter Type Application
        • Transmitter Type Identification
        • Programming Methods
          • Programming Method A
          • Programming Method D
          • Programming Method I
          • Programming Method K
          • Programming Method L
          • Programming Method M
          • Programming Method N
          • Programming Method O
      • Helpful Hints
        • Remote Entry Programming Procedure
        • Poor Operating Range Performance
        • Miscellaneous
  • Exterior/Interior Trim
    • Instrument Panel & Console
      • Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Instrument Panel
        • Console - Floor
      • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Instrument Panel - Cluster Finish Panel
          • Removal & Installation
        • Floor Console
          • Removal & Installation
        • Floor Console - Finish Panel Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
  • Mirrors
    • Power Mirror System
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Both Power Mirrors Inoperative
        • Test B: Single Power Mirror Inoperative
        • Test C: Single Power Mirror Does Not Function With Switch Logic
        • Test D: Auto Dimming Feature Malfunction
        • Test E: Heated Mirror Does Not Defrost
      • Component Tests
        • Notes
        • Power Mirror Control Switch
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Dimming Mirror Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Mirror Control Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Mirror Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Mirror Glass & Motor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Crown Victoria
        • Grand Marquis
  • Seats
    • Seat System
      • Specification
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Seats
          • Notes
          • Seat Occupant Sensor
          • Lumbar Support
          • Power Recliner
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Seats
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Restraint System Diagnostic Tool Warning
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
            • Notes
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Power Seat Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically - Driver Seat Without Power Recline
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically - Driver Seat With Power Recline
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically - Passenger Seat
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Power Seat Does Not Recline - Driver Seat
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Power Seat Does Not Recline - Passenger Seat
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Power Lumbar Is Inoperative - Driver Seat
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Power Lumbar Is Inoperative - Passenger Seat
      • General Procedures
        • Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) Deactivation and Reactivation
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Deactivation
          • Reactivation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Front Seat
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Seat
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Seat Backrest
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Control Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Lumbar Control Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Armrest - Rear
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Recliner
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Track
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Position Sensor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Lumbar Motor
          • Removal and Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Front Seat Cushion
          • Disassembly and Assembly
        • Front Seat Backrest
          • Disassembly and Assembly
        • Seat Armrest-Rear
          • Disassembly and Assembly
  • Windows
    • Power Window System
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Programming
        • Driver's Door Module
        • Lighting Control Module
      • Adjustments
        • Front Doors Window Glass
        • Rear Doors Window Glass
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Self-Diagnostic System
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: No Communication With Driver's Door Module
        • Test B: All Power Windows Completely Inoperative
        • Test C: Left Front Power Window Is Inoperative
        • Test D: Right Front Power Window Is Inoperative
        • Test E: Single Rear Power Window Is Inoperative
        • Test F: One-Touch Down Feature Inoperative
      • Component Tests
        • Master Power Window Switch
        • Left Front Power Window/Door Lock Switch
        • Rear Power Window Switches
        • Power Window Motor
      • Removal & Installation
        • Driver's Door Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Window Motor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Front Door)
          • Removal & Installation (Rear Door)
        • Power Window Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Left Front)
          • Removal & Installation (Right Front)
          • Removal & Installation (Right & Left Rear)
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Crown Victoria
        • Grand Marquis
• Brakes
  • Anti-Lock Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake System
      • Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Anti-Lock Control - Anti-Wheel Spin Control
          • Notes
          • Brake Fluid
          • Electronic Brake Distribution (EBD)
          • Anti-Lock Brake System
          • Traction Control
          • Hydraulic Control Unit
          • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module
          • Warning Lamp Indicators
          • Anti-Lock Brake Sensor
          • Front
          • Rear
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Anti-Lock Control - Anti-Wheel Spin Control
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module Parameter Identification (PID) Index
          • Anti-Lock Brake (ABS) Control Module Active Command Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTC C1300 - ABS Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC C1145 (RF), DTC C1155 (LF), DTC C1165 (RR), DTC C1175 (LR) - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Input Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC C1296 (LF), DTC C1297 (RF), DTC C1298 (RR), DTC C1299 (LR) - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Input Signal Missing
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1484 - Brake Pedal Input Open Circuit
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1676 - Battery Voltage Out Of Range
            • Pinpoint Test F: No Communication With The Module - Anti-Lock Brake Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test G: Spongy Brake Pedal With No Warning Indicator
            • Pinpoint Test H: Poor Vehicle Tracking During Anti-Lock Function
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Traction Control Cannot Be Disabled/Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Yellow ABS Warning Indicator Does Not Self-Check
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Yellow ABS Warning Indicator & Traction Control Active Indicator Always On
            • Pinpoint Test L: No Communication With The Module - Hybrid Electronic Cluster (HEC)
      • Removal & Installation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Module - Anti-Lock Brake Control
          • Removal & Installation
        • Sensor - Anti-Lock Brake, Front
          • Removal & Installation
        • Sensor - Anti-Lock Brake, Rear
          • Removal & Installation
        • Sensor Indicator - Front
          • Removal & Installation
        • Sensor Indicator - Rear
          • Removal and Installation
  • Mechanical - Hydraulic
    • Disc Brakes
      • Description & Operation
      • Bleeding Brake System
        • Notes
        • BRAKELINE Bleeding Sequence
        • Bleeding System Using NGS Tester
        • Conventional Bleeding
        • Pressure Bleeding
      • Adjustments
        • Master Cylinder Push Rod
        • Brake Pedal Height
        • Parking Brake
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Brake Caliper
          • Notes
          • Removal (Front)
          • Installation
          • Removal (Rear)
        • Brake Pads
          • Notes
          • Removal (Front)
          • Installation
          • Removal (Rear)
        • Parking Brake Cable & Conduit
          • Removal (Front)
          • Installation
          • Removal (Rear)
        • Parking Brake Control
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Parking Brake Shoes
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Brake Rotor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Master Cylinder
          • Removal & Installation
        • Vacuum Power Booster
          • Removal & Installation
      • Overhaul
        • Front Brake Caliper
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Rear Brake Caliper
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Master Cylinder
      • Disc Brake Specifications
        • Disc Brake Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
  • Traction Control
    • Anti-Lock Brake System
      • Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Anti-Lock Control - Anti-Wheel Spin Control
          • Notes
          • Brake Fluid
          • Electronic Brake Distribution (EBD)
          • Anti-Lock Brake System
          • Traction Control
          • Hydraulic Control Unit
          • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module
          • Warning Lamp Indicators
          • Anti-Lock Brake Sensor
          • Front
          • Rear
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Anti-Lock Control - Anti-Wheel Spin Control
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module Parameter Identification (PID) Index
          • Anti-Lock Brake (ABS) Control Module Active Command Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTC C1300 - ABS Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC C1145 (RF), DTC C1155 (LF), DTC C1165 (RR), DTC C1175 (LR) - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Input Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC C1296 (LF), DTC C1297 (RF), DTC C1298 (RR), DTC C1299 (LR) - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Input Signal Missing
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1484 - Brake Pedal Input Open Circuit
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1676 - Battery Voltage Out Of Range
            • Pinpoint Test F: No Communication With The Module - Anti-Lock Brake Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test G: Spongy Brake Pedal With No Warning Indicator
            • Pinpoint Test H: Poor Vehicle Tracking During Anti-Lock Function
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Traction Control Cannot Be Disabled/Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Yellow ABS Warning Indicator Does Not Self-Check
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Yellow ABS Warning Indicator & Traction Control Active Indicator Always On
            • Pinpoint Test L: No Communication With The Module - Hybrid Electronic Cluster (HEC)
      • Removal & Installation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Module - Anti-Lock Brake Control
          • Removal & Installation
        • Sensor - Anti-Lock Brake, Front
          • Removal & Installation
        • Sensor - Anti-Lock Brake, Rear
          • Removal & Installation
        • Sensor Indicator - Front
          • Removal & Installation
        • Sensor Indicator - Rear
          • Removal and Installation
• Drivelines & Axles
  • Differentials & Drive Axles
    • Rear Drive Axle/Differential - Ford 8.8-Inch Ring Gear
      • Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Rear Drive Axle & Differential
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Rear Drive Axle & Differential
      • In-Vehicle Repair
        • Axle Shaft
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Wheel Bearing & Axle Shaft Oil Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Drive Pinion Flange & Drive Pinion Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Housing Cover
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Drive Pinion
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Case
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Removal & Installation
        • Axle Housing
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly & Assembly
        • Differential Case & Ring Gear - Conventional
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Differential Case & Ring Gear - Traction-LOK®
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
  • Driveshaft & Universal Joints
    • Drive Shafts
      • Identification
      • Description
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Inspection
        • Drive Shaft Angles
        • Drive Shaft RUNOUT
      • Removal & Installation
        • Drive Shaft
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Overhaul
        • Notes
        • Single CARDAN Universal Joints
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
      • Torque Specifications
• Electrical
  • Body Electrical
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C clutch field coil Connector end view (C100)
        • Crankshaft position sensor Connector end view (C101)
        • Generator Connector end view (C102a)
        • Generator Connector end view (C102b)
        • Generator Connector end view (C102c)
        • Oil pressure switch Connector end view (C103)
        • Cylinder... head temperature sensor Connector end view (C107)
        • Inline Connector end view (C110)
        • Coil Plug (COP) Connector end view (C111)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector end view (C112)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector end view (C113)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector end view (C114)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector end view (C115)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector end view (C116)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector end view (C117)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector end view (C118)
        • Speed control actuator Connector end view (C122)
        • Brake fluid level switch Connector end view (C124)
        • Windshield wiper motor Connector end view (C125)
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor Connector end view (C128)
        • Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor Connector end view (C129)
        • A/C clutch cycling pressure switch Connector end view (C130)
        • Horn Connector end view (C131)
        • Ambient air temperature sensor Connector end view (C132)
        • Inline Connector end view (C133)
        • Inline Connector end view (C134)
        • ABS control module Connector end view (C135)
        • Windshield washer pump motor Connector end view (C137)
        • Washer fluid level switch Connector end view (C138)
        • Inline Connector end view (C139)
        • Inline Connector end view (C140)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S)#22 Connector end view (C141)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 Connector end view (C142)
        • Inline Connector end view (C144)
        • Inline Connector end view (C145)
        • Inline Connector end view (C146)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left front Connector end view (C150)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right front Connector end view (C160)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) sensor Connector end view (C167)
        • 4R70W transmission Connector end view (C168)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 Connector end view (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #21 Connector end view (C172)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector end view (C175)
        • Forward crash sensor Connector end view (C177)
        • Electr. Vacuum Regulator (EVR) solenoid valve Connector end view (C179)
        • Camshaft position sensor Connector end view (C180)
        • Fuel injector 1 Connector end view (C181)
        • Fuel injector 2 Connector end view (C182)
        • Fuel injector 3 Connector end view (C183)
        • Fuel injector 4 Connector end view (C184)
        • Fuel injector 5 Connector end view (C185)
        • Fuel injector 6 Connector end view (C186)
        • Fuel injector 7 Connector end view (C187)
        • Fuel injector 8 Connector end view (C188)
        • Inline Connector end view (C192)
        • Starter motor Connector end view (C197a)
        • Starter motor Connector end view (C197b)
        • Multifunction switch Connector end view (C202a)
        • Multifunction switch Connector end view (C202b)
        • Speed control switch Connector end view (C203)
        • Main light switch Connector end view (C205a)
        • Main light switch Connector end view (C205b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C210)
        • Inline Connector end view (C211)
        • Inline Connector end view (C212)
        • Inline Connector end view (C213)
        • Inline Connector end view (C214)
        • Inline Connector end view (C215)
        • Driver air bag unit Connector end view (C216a)
        • Driver air bag unit Connector end view (C216b)
        • Horn switch Connector end view (C217)
        • Air bag sliding contact Connector end view (C218a)
        • Air bag sliding contact Connector end view (C218b)
        • Air bag sliding contact Connector end view (C218c)
        • Inline Connector end view (C219)
        • Instrument cluster Connector end view (C220a)
        • Instrument cluster Connector end view (C220b)
        • Instruments cluster Connector end view (C220c)
        • Steering position sensor Connector end view (C226)
        • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) module Connector end view (C228a)
        • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) module Connector end view (C228b)
        • In... vehicle temperature sensor Connector end view (C233)
        • Inline Connector end view (C237)
        • Inline Connector end view (C238)
        • Rear window defrost switch Connector end view (C241)
        • Inline Connector end view (C248)
        • Ignition Switch Connector end view (C250)
        • Data Link Connector end view (C251)
        • Passive Anti... Theft System (PATS) control module Connector end view (C252)
        • Message center Connector end view (C253)
        • Glove box lamp Connector end view (C254)
        • Passenger air bag module Connector end view (C256)
        • Inline Connector end view (C260)
        • Inline Connector end view (C263)
        • Inline Connector end view (C264)
        • Inline Connector end view (C275)
        • Deactivator switch Connector end view (C277)
        • Brake pedal switch position switch Connector end view (C278)
        • Traction control switch Connector end view (C280)
        • Sunload sensor Connector end view (C286)
        • Autolamp sensor Connector end view (C287)
        • Temperature blend door actuator Connector end view (C289)
        • Radio Connector end view (C290a)
        • Radio Connector end view (C290b)
        • Radio Connector end view (C290c)
        • Function selector switch assembly Connector end view (C294a)
        • Function selector switch assembly Connector end view (C294b)
        • Function selector switch assembly Connector end view (C294c)
        • Function selector switch assembly Connector end view (C294d)
        • Inline Connector end view (C299)
        • Antenna Connector end view (C301)
        • Passenger safety belt retractor pretensioner Connector end view (C303)
        • Restraints control module Connector end view (C310a)
        • Restraints control module Connector end view (C310b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C311)
        • Inline Connector end view (C312)
        • Cigar lighter, front Connector end view (C319)
        • Safety belt buckle switch, driver Connector end view (C323)
        • Inline Connector end view (C327)
        • Lumbar adjust switch, right front Connector end view (C331)
        • Passenger seat lumbar compressor motor Connector end view (C336)
        • Passenger seat backrest motor Connector end view (C338)
        • Power seat switch left Connector end view (C352)
        • Power seat motor assembly, left Connector end view (C353)
        • Seat track position sensor, left Connector end view (C358)
        • Lumber adjust switch, left front Connector end view (C361)
        • Driver seat backrest motor Connector end view (C366)
        • Driver seat backrest motor Connector end view (C368)
        • Power point Connector end view (C380)
        • Safety belt buckle switch, passenger Connector end view (C381)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) switch Connector end view (C392)
        • Inline Connector end view (C405)
        • Inline Connector end view (C406)
        • Inline Connector end view (C408)
        • Fuel door released solenoid Connector end view (C409)
        • Inline Connector end view (C410)
        • Inline Connector end view (C411)
        • Park/turn lamp, left rear Connector end view (C412)
        • Park/turn lamp, right rear Connector end view (C415)
        • Inline Connector end view (C421)
        • Inline Connector end view (C422)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right rear Connector end view (C426)
        • Luggage compartment lamp Connector end view (C428)
        • Luggage compartment lid release solenoid Connector end view (C430)
        • Inline Connector end view (C431)
        • Fuel tank unit Connector end view (C433)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left rear Connector end view (C440)
        • Evaporative emission (EVAP) canister vent valve Connector end view (C450)
        • Reversing lamp left Connector end view (C451)
        • Reversing lamp right Connector end view (C461)
        • Inline Connector end view (C465)
        • Subwoofer amplifier Connector end view (C466)
        • High mounted stoplamp Connector end view (C475)
        • Speaker, left rear Connector end view (C484)
        • Speaker, left rear Connector end view (C485)
        • License lamps Connector end view (C490)
        • Driver Door Module Connector end view (C501a)
        • Driver Door Module Connector end view (C501b)
        • Driver Door Module Connector end view (C501c)
        • Master window/door lock/unlock switch Connector end view (C508)
        • Inline Connector end view (C510)
        • Inline Connector end view (C511)
        • Fuel door released switch Connector end view (C512)
        • Seal adjust switch, driver side front Connector end view (C519)
        • Exterior rear view mirror switch Connector end view (C521)
        • Speaker, left front Connector end view (C523)
        • Power window motor, driver side front Connector end view (C524)
        • Door lock unit, driver side front Connector end view (C525)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side front Connector end view (C526a)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side front Connector end view (C526b)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side front Connector end view (C526c)
        • One... touch Down Module Connector end view (C528)
        • Key pad switch assembly Connector end view (C530)
        • Luggage compartment lid release switch 1 Connector end view (C534)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, driver side Connector end view (C560)
        • Inline Connector end view (C561)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side front Connector end view (C602a)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side front Connector end view (C602b)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side front Connector end view (C602c)
        • Door lock actuator, passenger side Connector end view (C603)
        • Power window motor, passenger side front Connector end view (C608)
        • Speaker, right front Connector end view (C612)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, right Connector end view (C622)
        • Seat adjust switch, passenger side front Connector end view (C627)
        • Front passenger window/door lock switch Connector end view (C629)
        • Window adjust switch, left rear Connector end view (C701)
        • Power window motor, left rear Connector end view (C703)
        • Power window motor, left rear Connector end view (C704)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side rear Connector end view (C715a)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side rear Connector end view (C715b)
        • Window adjust switch, right rear Connector end view (C801)
        • Power window motor, right rear Connector end view (C803)
        • Door lock actuator, right rear Connector end view (C804)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side rear Connector end view (C820a)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side rear Connector end view (C820b)
        • Vanity mirror tamp, right Connector end view (C906)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, right Connector end view (C906)
        • Vanity mirror tamp, left Connector end view (C907)
        • Map lamp switch, left front Connector end view (C910)
        • Electrochromatic inside mirror unit Connector end view (C911)
        • Interior/map lamps assembly, front Connector end view (C929)
        • Interior/map lamps assembly, rear Connector end view (C932)
        • Interior lamp Connector end view (C981a)
        • Interior lamp Connector end view (C981b)
        • Taxi roof lamp Connector end view (C994a)
        • Taxi roof lamp Connector end view (C994b)
        • Horn relay Connector end view (C1006)
        • A/C clutch relay Connector end view (C1008)
        • Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) module Connector end view (C1009)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1010)
        • PCM power relay Connector end view (C1016)
        • Starter relay Connector end view (C1017)
        • PCM power diode Connector end view (C1018)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1019)
        • Headlamp, left Connector end view (C1021)
        • Park/turn lamp, left front Connector end view (C1023)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1026)
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) module Connector end view (C1030)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1033)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) Connector end view (C1035a)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) Connector end view (C1035b)
        • Headlamp, right Connector end view (C1041)
        • Park/turn lamp, right front Connector end view (C1043)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1045)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1046)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1047)
        • Engine cooling fan motor Connector end view (C1048)
        • Fuel pump relay Connector end view (C1051)
        • Engine cooling fan relay Connector end view (C1055)
        • High speed fan control relay Connector end view (C1056)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor Connector end view (C1064)
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) valve Connector end view (C1066)
        • Different Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) sensor Connector end view (C1068)
        • Injector pressure sensor Connector end view (C1073)
        • A/C high pressure switch Connector end view (C1078)
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor Connector end view (C1088)
        • Rear window defrost relay Connector end view (C1099)
        • Battery Connector end view (C1100a)
        • Battery Connector end view (C1100b)
        • Output Shaft Speed Sensor Connector end view (C1107)
        • Side turn signal lamp, right Connector end view (C1122)
        • Side turn signal lamp, left Connector end view (C1123)
        • Side lamp, right front Connector end view (C1126)
        • Side lamp, left front Connector end view (C1127)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) sensor Connector end view (C1130)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1147)
        • Engine compartment lamp Connector end view (C1159)
        • Electronic variable orilice actuator Connector end view (C1169)
        • Air suspension compressor assembly Connector end view (C1179)
        • Fuel injector 1 Connector end view (C1181)
        • Fuel injector 2 Connector end view (C1182)
        • Fuel injector 3 Connector end view (C1183)
        • Fuel injector 4 Connector end view (C1184)
        • Fuel injector 5 Connector end view (C1185)
        • Fuel injector 6 Connector end view (C1186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector end view (C1189)
        • Vapor management valve Connector end view (C1195)
        • Ignition transformer capacitor Connector end view (C1196)
        • Front blower motor Connector end view (C1227)
        • Fuel rail temperature sensor Connector end view (C1257)
        • Fuel rail cutoff valve Connector end view (C1258)
        • Air suspension compressor relay Connector end view (C1300)
        • Front blower motor speed controller Connector end view (C1308)
        • Fuel injector 7 Connector end view (C1312)
        • Fuel injector 8 Connector end view (C1313)
        • Police power relay Connector end view (C1325)
        • Fuel valve relay Connector end view (C1327)
        • Front blower motor resistor assembly Connector end view (C1349)
        • Adjustable pedal motor Connector end view (C2003)
        • Passive anti.... theft transceiver module Connector end view (C2007)
        • Bake shift interlock Connector end view (C2008)
        • Parking brake switch Connector end view (C2015)
        • Clock Connector end view (C2016)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2026)
        • Cigar lighter, front Connector end view (C2031a)
        • Cigar lighter, front Connector end view (C2031b)
        • Power point Connector end view (C2033)
        • Courtesty lamp, left footwell Connector end view (C2056)
        • Courtesy lamp, right footwell Connector end view (C2057)
        • Adjustable pedal switch Connector end view (C2089)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2095)
        • Power point Connector end view (C2096)
        • Air suspension module Connector end view (C2131a)
        • Air suspension module Connector end view (C2131b)
        • Overdrive cancel switch Connector end view (C2135)
        • Lighting control module Connector end view (C2145a)
        • Lighting control module Connector end view (C2145b)
        • Lighting control module Connector end view (C2145c)
        • Warning buzzer/chime module Connector end view (C2156)
        • Wiper Control Module (WCM) Connector end view (C2157)
        • Luggage compartment lid release Connector end view (C2203)
        • Luggage compartment lid release switch 3 Connector end view (C2204)
        • Spot lamp, LH side Connector end view (C2205)
        • Spot lamp, LH side Connector end view (C2206)
        • Audio/climate control switch Connector end view (C2208)
        • Door ajar indicator Connector end view (C2212a)
        • Door ajar indicator Connector end view (C2212b)
        • Taxi roof lamp switch Connector end view (C2213)
        • Instrument cluster Connector end view (C2220a)
        • Instrument cluster Connector end view (C2220b)
        • Warning lamps module Connector end view (C2222)
        • Electronic Variable Orifice (EVO) steering module Connector end view (C2230)
        • Driver safety belt retractor pretensioner Connector end view (C3014)
        • Power seat motor assembly, right Connector end view (C3015)
        • CD changer Connector end view (C3028)
        • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS) Connector end view (C3159a)
        • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS) Connector end view (C3159b)
        • Air suspension height sensor Connector end view (C4043)
        • Shock absorber solenoid valve, left rear Connector end view (C4044)
        • Shock absorber solenoid valve, left rear Connector end view (C4045)
        • Pressure reservoir control switch Connector end view (C4087)
        • Emergency flasher relay 1 Connector end view (C4088)
        • Emergency flasher relay 2 Connector end view (C4089)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp 1, left rear Connector end view (C4112)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp 2, left rear Connector end view (C4113)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp 1, right rear Connector end view (C4114)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp 2, right rear Connector end view (C4115)
        • Tank valve 2 Connector end view (C4122)
        • Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) fuel tank pressure sensor Connector end view (C4127)
        • Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) fuel tank temperature sensor Connector end view (C4128)
        • Tank valve 1 Connector end view (C4129)
        • Rear flasher relay Connector end view (C4143)
        • Rear flasher Connector end view (C4144)
        • EVO diagnostic Connector end view (C4146)
        • Tank valve 3 Connector end view (C4147)
        • Tank valve 4 Connector end view (C4148)
        • Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) fuel tank temperature sensor 2 Connector end view (C4149)
        • Turn lamp 1, left rear Connector end view (C4152)
        • Turn lamp 2, left rear Connector end view (C4153)
        • Turn lamp 1, right rear Connector end view (C4154)
        • Turn lamp 2, right rear Connector end view (C4155)
        • Police flasher lamp, left rear Connector end view (C4163)
        • Police flasher lamp, right rear Connector end view (C4164)
        • Tank valve 5 Connector end view (C4204)
  • Charging Systems
    • Charging System - Generators & Regulators
      • Description
      • Adjustments
        • Belt Tension
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Notes
        • Preliminary Checks
      • On-Vehicle Testing
        • Battery Load Test
        • Generator Load Test
        • Generator No-Load Test
        • Parasitic Draw Test
        • Electronic Module Parasitic Draw Test
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Battery Is Discharged Or Voltage Is Low
        • Test B: Warning Indicator On, System Is Not Charging
        • Test C: System Overcharges
        • Test D: Warning Indicator On With Engine Running, System Is Charging
        • Test E: Warning Indicator Off With Ignition On
        • Test F: Warning Indicator Flickers Or Is Intermittent
        • Test G: Generator Noisy
        • Test H: Radio Interference
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Generator
          • Removal & Installation
      • Generator Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Imported Cars & Trucks
        • ACURA
        • AUDI
        • BENTLEY
        • BMW
        • DAIHATSU
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • FERRARI
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • HONDA
        • HYUNDAI
        • INFINITI
        • ISUZU
        • Jaguar
        • KIA
        • Land Rover
        • LEXUS
        • MAZDA
        • MERCEDES-BENZ
        • MITSUBISHI
        • NISSAN
        • PEUGEOT
        • PORSCHE
        • RENAULT
        • Rolls-ROYCE
        • SAAB
        • SUBARU
        • SUZUKI
        • TOYOTA
        • VOLKSWAGEN
        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
      • Grounds
      • Splices
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fuses & Circuit Breakers
    • Identification
      • Notes
      • Battery Junction Box
      • Central Junction Box
      • Fusible Links
      • Relay Boxes
        • Auxiliary Relay Box 1 (Police)
        • Relay Center Box 1
        • Relay Center Box 2
  • Gauges
    • Electronic - Instrument Cluster System
      • Specifications
        • Speedometer Drive/Driven Gear Usage
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Notes
          • Electronic Instrument Cluster
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles Of Operation
            • Notes
            • Engine Coolant Temperature Gauge
            • Fuel Gauge
            • Speedometer
            • Odometer
            • Speed Control
            • High Beam
            • LH/RH Turn/Hazard
            • Traction Control
          • Warning Indicators
            • Air Bag
            • Abs
            • Brake System
            • Charging System
            • Low Fuel
            • Overdrive Off
            • Safety Belt
            • Check Engine
            • Low Oil Pressure
            • Fail Safe Cooling
            • Check Air Suspension
            • Trunk Ajar
            • Door Ajar
            • Low Washer Fluid
            • Check Fuel Cap
        • Inspection & Verification
          • Notes
          • Instrument Cluster Self-Test
          • PCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Instrument Cluster Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test B: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
          • Pinpoint Test C: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
          • Pinpoint Test D: Incorrect Oil Pressure Gauge Indication
          • Pinpoint Test E: The Speedometer/Odometer Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test F: The Low Fuel Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
          • Pinpoint Test G: The Charging System Warning Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test H: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test I: The Check Engine Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test J: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)
          • Pinpoint Test K: The Check Air Suspension Indicator Is Never/Always On
          • Pinpoint Test L: The LH Turn Indicator Is Never/Always On
          • Pinpoint Test M: The RH Turn Indicator Is Never/Always On
          • Pinpoint Test N: The High Beam Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test O: The TRAC CNTL (Traction Control) Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test P: The Overdrive Off Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test Q: The Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Warning Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test R: The Fail Safe Cooling Warning Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test S: The Door Ajar Warning Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test T: The Trunk Ajar Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test U: The Low Washer Fluid Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test V: The Hazard Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test W: The Air Bag Warning Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test X: The Check Fuel Cap Indicator Is Never/Always On
      • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Instrument Cluster System - Conventional
      • Specifications
        • Speedometer Calibration
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Instrument Cluster
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles Of Operation
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Gauge
          • Fuel Gauge
          • Speedometer/Odometer
          • Warning Indicators
            • Air Bag
            • Anti-Lock Brakes
            • Brake System
            • Charging System
            • Fail Safe Cooling
            • Low Fuel
            • Overdrive Off
            • Safety Belt
            • Check Fuel Cap
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Instrument Cluster Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test C: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test D: Incorrect Oil Pressure Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Speedometer/Odometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Low Fuel Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Charging System Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Check Engine Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Air Suspension Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test L: The LH Turn Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test M: The RH Turn Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test N: The High Beam Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Traction Control Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test P: The O/D Off Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The ABS Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Fail-Safe Cooling Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Check Fuel Cap Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test T: The Air Bag Indicator Is Never On
      • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Removal & Installation
        • Warning Indicator Bulb
          • Notes
          • Installation
        • Cluster Lens
      • Disassembly & Assembly
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Instrument Cluster System - Natural Gas Vehicle
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Instrument Cluster - Natural Gas Vehicle
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles Of Operation
            • Notes
            • Fuel Level Indication System
            • Low Fuel Level Warning Switch
            • Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) Module
            • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor
            • Fuel Tank Temperature Sensors
            • Diagnostic Instructions
          • Inspection & Verification
        • NGV Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Test
          • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The NGV Module
          • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1219 - Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1220 - Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor Circuit Short To Battery
          • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1222 - Fuel Tank Temperature Sensor No. 1 Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1223 - Fuel Tank Temperature Sensor No. 1 Circuit Open
          • Pinpoint Test F: DTC B1224 - Fuel Tank Temperature Sensor No. 1 Circuit Short To Battery
          • Pinpoint Test G: DTC B1225 - Fuel Tank Temperature Sensor No. 1 Circuit Short To Ground
          • Pinpoint Test H: DTC B1226 - Fuel Tank Temperature Sensor No. 2 Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test I: DTC - Fuel Tank Temperature Sensor No. 2 Circuit Open
          • Pinpoint Test J: DTC B1228 - Fuel Tank Temperature Sensor No. 2 Circuit Short To Battery
          • Pinpoint Test K: DTC B1229 - Fuel Tank Temperature Sensor No. 2 Circuit Short To Ground
          • Pinpoint Test L: DTC B1317 - Battery Voltage High
          • Pinpoint Test M: DTC B1318 - Battery Voltage Low
          • Pinpoint Test N: DTC B1342 - ECU Is Defective Or Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
          • Pinpoint Test O: The Instrument Cluster Is Inoperative/Erratic
      • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster - Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Warning Indicator Bulb
          • Removal and Installation
        • Cluster Lens
          • Removal & Installation
      • Disassembly & Assembly
        • Instrument Cluster
    • Instrument Cluster System & Panel Illumination
      • Description & Operation
        • Instrument Cluster & Panel Illumination
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Instrument Cluster & Panel Illumination
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles Of Operation
        • Inspection & Verification
        • LCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Lighting Control Module
          • Pinpoint Test B: No Communication With The Lighting Control Module - Unable To Enter Self-Test
          • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1579: Dim Panel Increase Input Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1581: Dim Panel Increase Input Circuit Short To Battery
          • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1583: Dim Panel Decrease Input Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test F: DTC B1585: Dim Panel Decrease Input Circuit Short To Battery
          • Pinpoint Test G: The Control Illumination Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test H: The Instrument Cluster Illumination Is Inoperative - Conventional
          • Pinpoint Test I: The Instrument Cluster Illumination Is Inoperative - Electronic
          • Pinpoint Test J: The Climate Control Illumination Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test K: The Audio System Illumination Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test L: A Single Illumination Source Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test M: The Instrument Panel Illumination Does Not Dim
      • Removal Installation
        • Bulb - Climate Control Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Instrument Panel & Console
      • Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Instrument Panel
        • Console - Floor
      • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Instrument Panel - Cluster Finish Panel
          • Removal & Installation
        • Floor Console
          • Removal & Installation
        • Floor Console - Finish Panel Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
  • Horns
    • Horn System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Horn
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Horn
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Horn Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Horn Is Always On
  • Motors, Switches, Relays
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C clutch field coil Connector end view (C100)
        • Crankshaft position sensor Connector end view (C101)
        • Generator Connector end view (C102a)
        • Generator Connector end view (C102b)
        • Generator Connector end view (C102c)
        • Oil pressure switch Connector end view (C103)
        • Cylinder... head temperature sensor Connector end view (C107)
        • Inline Connector end view (C110)
        • Coil Plug (COP) Connector end view (C111)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector end view (C112)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector end view (C113)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector end view (C114)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector end view (C115)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector end view (C116)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector end view (C117)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector end view (C118)
        • Speed control actuator Connector end view (C122)
        • Brake fluid level switch Connector end view (C124)
        • Windshield wiper motor Connector end view (C125)
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor Connector end view (C128)
        • Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor Connector end view (C129)
        • A/C clutch cycling pressure switch Connector end view (C130)
        • Horn Connector end view (C131)
        • Ambient air temperature sensor Connector end view (C132)
        • Inline Connector end view (C133)
        • Inline Connector end view (C134)
        • ABS control module Connector end view (C135)
        • Windshield washer pump motor Connector end view (C137)
        • Washer fluid level switch Connector end view (C138)
        • Inline Connector end view (C139)
        • Inline Connector end view (C140)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S)#22 Connector end view (C141)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 Connector end view (C142)
        • Inline Connector end view (C144)
        • Inline Connector end view (C145)
        • Inline Connector end view (C146)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left front Connector end view (C150)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right front Connector end view (C160)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) sensor Connector end view (C167)
        • 4R70W transmission Connector end view (C168)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 Connector end view (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #21 Connector end view (C172)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector end view (C175)
        • Forward crash sensor Connector end view (C177)
        • Electr. Vacuum Regulator (EVR) solenoid valve Connector end view (C179)
        • Camshaft position sensor Connector end view (C180)
        • Fuel injector 1 Connector end view (C181)
        • Fuel injector 2 Connector end view (C182)
        • Fuel injector 3 Connector end view (C183)
        • Fuel injector 4 Connector end view (C184)
        • Fuel injector 5 Connector end view (C185)
        • Fuel injector 6 Connector end view (C186)
        • Fuel injector 7 Connector end view (C187)
        • Fuel injector 8 Connector end view (C188)
        • Inline Connector end view (C192)
        • Starter motor Connector end view (C197a)
        • Starter motor Connector end view (C197b)
        • Multifunction switch Connector end view (C202a)
        • Multifunction switch Connector end view (C202b)
        • Speed control switch Connector end view (C203)
        • Main light switch Connector end view (C205a)
        • Main light switch Connector end view (C205b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C210)
        • Inline Connector end view (C211)
        • Inline Connector end view (C212)
        • Inline Connector end view (C213)
        • Inline Connector end view (C214)
        • Inline Connector end view (C215)
        • Driver air bag unit Connector end view (C216a)
        • Driver air bag unit Connector end view (C216b)
        • Horn switch Connector end view (C217)
        • Air bag sliding contact Connector end view (C218a)
        • Air bag sliding contact Connector end view (C218b)
        • Air bag sliding contact Connector end view (C218c)
        • Inline Connector end view (C219)
        • Instrument cluster Connector end view (C220a)
        • Instrument cluster Connector end view (C220b)
        • Instruments cluster Connector end view (C220c)
        • Steering position sensor Connector end view (C226)
        • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) module Connector end view (C228a)
        • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) module Connector end view (C228b)
        • In... vehicle temperature sensor Connector end view (C233)
        • Inline Connector end view (C237)
        • Inline Connector end view (C238)
        • Rear window defrost switch Connector end view (C241)
        • Inline Connector end view (C248)
        • Ignition Switch Connector end view (C250)
        • Data Link Connector end view (C251)
        • Passive Anti... Theft System (PATS) control module Connector end view (C252)
        • Message center Connector end view (C253)
        • Glove box lamp Connector end view (C254)
        • Passenger air bag module Connector end view (C256)
        • Inline Connector end view (C260)
        • Inline Connector end view (C263)
        • Inline Connector end view (C264)
        • Inline Connector end view (C275)
        • Deactivator switch Connector end view (C277)
        • Brake pedal switch position switch Connector end view (C278)
        • Traction control switch Connector end view (C280)
        • Sunload sensor Connector end view (C286)
        • Autolamp sensor Connector end view (C287)
        • Temperature blend door actuator Connector end view (C289)
        • Radio Connector end view (C290a)
        • Radio Connector end view (C290b)
        • Radio Connector end view (C290c)
        • Function selector switch assembly Connector end view (C294a)
        • Function selector switch assembly Connector end view (C294b)
        • Function selector switch assembly Connector end view (C294c)
        • Function selector switch assembly Connector end view (C294d)
        • Inline Connector end view (C299)
        • Antenna Connector end view (C301)
        • Passenger safety belt retractor pretensioner Connector end view (C303)
        • Restraints control module Connector end view (C310a)
        • Restraints control module Connector end view (C310b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C311)
        • Inline Connector end view (C312)
        • Cigar lighter, front Connector end view (C319)
        • Safety belt buckle switch, driver Connector end view (C323)
        • Inline Connector end view (C327)
        • Lumbar adjust switch, right front Connector end view (C331)
        • Passenger seat lumbar compressor motor Connector end view (C336)
        • Passenger seat backrest motor Connector end view (C338)
        • Power seat switch left Connector end view (C352)
        • Power seat motor assembly, left Connector end view (C353)
        • Seat track position sensor, left Connector end view (C358)
        • Lumber adjust switch, left front Connector end view (C361)
        • Driver seat backrest motor Connector end view (C366)
        • Driver seat backrest motor Connector end view (C368)
        • Power point Connector end view (C380)
        • Safety belt buckle switch, passenger Connector end view (C381)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) switch Connector end view (C392)
        • Inline Connector end view (C405)
        • Inline Connector end view (C406)
        • Inline Connector end view (C408)
        • Fuel door released solenoid Connector end view (C409)
        • Inline Connector end view (C410)
        • Inline Connector end view (C411)
        • Park/turn lamp, left rear Connector end view (C412)
        • Park/turn lamp, right rear Connector end view (C415)
        • Inline Connector end view (C421)
        • Inline Connector end view (C422)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right rear Connector end view (C426)
        • Luggage compartment lamp Connector end view (C428)
        • Luggage compartment lid release solenoid Connector end view (C430)
        • Inline Connector end view (C431)
        • Fuel tank unit Connector end view (C433)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left rear Connector end view (C440)
        • Evaporative emission (EVAP) canister vent valve Connector end view (C450)
        • Reversing lamp left Connector end view (C451)
        • Reversing lamp right Connector end view (C461)
        • Inline Connector end view (C465)
        • Subwoofer amplifier Connector end view (C466)
        • High mounted stoplamp Connector end view (C475)
        • Speaker, left rear Connector end view (C484)
        • Speaker, left rear Connector end view (C485)
        • License lamps Connector end view (C490)
        • Driver Door Module Connector end view (C501a)
        • Driver Door Module Connector end view (C501b)
        • Driver Door Module Connector end view (C501c)
        • Master window/door lock/unlock switch Connector end view (C508)
        • Inline Connector end view (C510)
        • Inline Connector end view (C511)
        • Fuel door released switch Connector end view (C512)
        • Seal adjust switch, driver side front Connector end view (C519)
        • Exterior rear view mirror switch Connector end view (C521)
        • Speaker, left front Connector end view (C523)
        • Power window motor, driver side front Connector end view (C524)
        • Door lock unit, driver side front Connector end view (C525)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side front Connector end view (C526a)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side front Connector end view (C526b)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side front Connector end view (C526c)
        • One... touch Down Module Connector end view (C528)
        • Key pad switch assembly Connector end view (C530)
        • Luggage compartment lid release switch 1 Connector end view (C534)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, driver side Connector end view (C560)
        • Inline Connector end view (C561)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side front Connector end view (C602a)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side front Connector end view (C602b)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side front Connector end view (C602c)
        • Door lock actuator, passenger side Connector end view (C603)
        • Power window motor, passenger side front Connector end view (C608)
        • Speaker, right front Connector end view (C612)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, right Connector end view (C622)
        • Seat adjust switch, passenger side front Connector end view (C627)
        • Front passenger window/door lock switch Connector end view (C629)
        • Window adjust switch, left rear Connector end view (C701)
        • Power window motor, left rear Connector end view (C703)
        • Power window motor, left rear Connector end view (C704)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side rear Connector end view (C715a)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side rear Connector end view (C715b)
        • Window adjust switch, right rear Connector end view (C801)
        • Power window motor, right rear Connector end view (C803)
        • Door lock actuator, right rear Connector end view (C804)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side rear Connector end view (C820a)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side rear Connector end view (C820b)
        • Vanity mirror tamp, right Connector end view (C906)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, right Connector end view (C906)
        • Vanity mirror tamp, left Connector end view (C907)
        • Map lamp switch, left front Connector end view (C910)
        • Electrochromatic inside mirror unit Connector end view (C911)
        • Interior/map lamps assembly, front Connector end view (C929)
        • Interior/map lamps assembly, rear Connector end view (C932)
        • Interior lamp Connector end view (C981a)
        • Interior lamp Connector end view (C981b)
        • Taxi roof lamp Connector end view (C994a)
        • Taxi roof lamp Connector end view (C994b)
        • Horn relay Connector end view (C1006)
        • A/C clutch relay Connector end view (C1008)
        • Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) module Connector end view (C1009)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1010)
        • PCM power relay Connector end view (C1016)
        • Starter relay Connector end view (C1017)
        • PCM power diode Connector end view (C1018)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1019)
        • Headlamp, left Connector end view (C1021)
        • Park/turn lamp, left front Connector end view (C1023)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1026)
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) module Connector end view (C1030)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1033)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) Connector end view (C1035a)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) Connector end view (C1035b)
        • Headlamp, right Connector end view (C1041)
        • Park/turn lamp, right front Connector end view (C1043)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1045)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1046)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1047)
        • Engine cooling fan motor Connector end view (C1048)
        • Fuel pump relay Connector end view (C1051)
        • Engine cooling fan relay Connector end view (C1055)
        • High speed fan control relay Connector end view (C1056)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor Connector end view (C1064)
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) valve Connector end view (C1066)
        • Different Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) sensor Connector end view (C1068)
        • Injector pressure sensor Connector end view (C1073)
        • A/C high pressure switch Connector end view (C1078)
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor Connector end view (C1088)
        • Rear window defrost relay Connector end view (C1099)
        • Battery Connector end view (C1100a)
        • Battery Connector end view (C1100b)
        • Output Shaft Speed Sensor Connector end view (C1107)
        • Side turn signal lamp, right Connector end view (C1122)
        • Side turn signal lamp, left Connector end view (C1123)
        • Side lamp, right front Connector end view (C1126)
        • Side lamp, left front Connector end view (C1127)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) sensor Connector end view (C1130)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1147)
        • Engine compartment lamp Connector end view (C1159)
        • Electronic variable orilice actuator Connector end view (C1169)
        • Air suspension compressor assembly Connector end view (C1179)
        • Fuel injector 1 Connector end view (C1181)
        • Fuel injector 2 Connector end view (C1182)
        • Fuel injector 3 Connector end view (C1183)
        • Fuel injector 4 Connector end view (C1184)
        • Fuel injector 5 Connector end view (C1185)
        • Fuel injector 6 Connector end view (C1186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector end view (C1189)
        • Vapor management valve Connector end view (C1195)
        • Ignition transformer capacitor Connector end view (C1196)
        • Front blower motor Connector end view (C1227)
        • Fuel rail temperature sensor Connector end view (C1257)
        • Fuel rail cutoff valve Connector end view (C1258)
        • Air suspension compressor relay Connector end view (C1300)
        • Front blower motor speed controller Connector end view (C1308)
        • Fuel injector 7 Connector end view (C1312)
        • Fuel injector 8 Connector end view (C1313)
        • Police power relay Connector end view (C1325)
        • Fuel valve relay Connector end view (C1327)
        • Front blower motor resistor assembly Connector end view (C1349)
        • Adjustable pedal motor Connector end view (C2003)
        • Passive anti.... theft transceiver module Connector end view (C2007)
        • Bake shift interlock Connector end view (C2008)
        • Parking brake switch Connector end view (C2015)
        • Clock Connector end view (C2016)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2026)
        • Cigar lighter, front Connector end view (C2031a)
        • Cigar lighter, front Connector end view (C2031b)
        • Power point Connector end view (C2033)
        • Courtesty lamp, left footwell Connector end view (C2056)
        • Courtesy lamp, right footwell Connector end view (C2057)
        • Adjustable pedal switch Connector end view (C2089)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2095)
        • Power point Connector end view (C2096)
        • Air suspension module Connector end view (C2131a)
        • Air suspension module Connector end view (C2131b)
        • Overdrive cancel switch Connector end view (C2135)
        • Lighting control module Connector end view (C2145a)
        • Lighting control module Connector end view (C2145b)
        • Lighting control module Connector end view (C2145c)
        • Warning buzzer/chime module Connector end view (C2156)
        • Wiper Control Module (WCM) Connector end view (C2157)
        • Luggage compartment lid release Connector end view (C2203)
        • Luggage compartment lid release switch 3 Connector end view (C2204)
        • Spot lamp, LH side Connector end view (C2205)
        • Spot lamp, LH side Connector end view (C2206)
        • Audio/climate control switch Connector end view (C2208)
        • Door ajar indicator Connector end view (C2212a)
        • Door ajar indicator Connector end view (C2212b)
        • Taxi roof lamp switch Connector end view (C2213)
        • Instrument cluster Connector end view (C2220a)
        • Instrument cluster Connector end view (C2220b)
        • Warning lamps module Connector end view (C2222)
        • Electronic Variable Orifice (EVO) steering module Connector end view (C2230)
        • Driver safety belt retractor pretensioner Connector end view (C3014)
        • Power seat motor assembly, right Connector end view (C3015)
        • CD changer Connector end view (C3028)
        • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS) Connector end view (C3159a)
        • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS) Connector end view (C3159b)
        • Air suspension height sensor Connector end view (C4043)
        • Shock absorber solenoid valve, left rear Connector end view (C4044)
        • Shock absorber solenoid valve, left rear Connector end view (C4045)
        • Pressure reservoir control switch Connector end view (C4087)
        • Emergency flasher relay 1 Connector end view (C4088)
        • Emergency flasher relay 2 Connector end view (C4089)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp 1, left rear Connector end view (C4112)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp 2, left rear Connector end view (C4113)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp 1, right rear Connector end view (C4114)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp 2, right rear Connector end view (C4115)
        • Tank valve 2 Connector end view (C4122)
        • Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) fuel tank pressure sensor Connector end view (C4127)
        • Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) fuel tank temperature sensor Connector end view (C4128)
        • Tank valve 1 Connector end view (C4129)
        • Rear flasher relay Connector end view (C4143)
        • Rear flasher Connector end view (C4144)
        • EVO diagnostic Connector end view (C4146)
        • Tank valve 3 Connector end view (C4147)
        • Tank valve 4 Connector end view (C4148)
        • Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) fuel tank temperature sensor 2 Connector end view (C4149)
        • Turn lamp 1, left rear Connector end view (C4152)
        • Turn lamp 2, left rear Connector end view (C4153)
        • Turn lamp 1, right rear Connector end view (C4154)
        • Turn lamp 2, right rear Connector end view (C4155)
        • Police flasher lamp, left rear Connector end view (C4163)
        • Police flasher lamp, right rear Connector end view (C4164)
        • Tank valve 5 Connector end view (C4204)
  • Starter
    • Starting System
      • Description
      • Component Locations
      • Adjustments
        • Shift Linkage
        • Transmission Range Sensor
      • Trouble Shooting
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Starter Cranks In Reverse Or Forward Gears
        • Starter Cranks Slowly
        • Starter Does Not Crank
        • Unusual Starter Noise
        • Starter Spins But Engine Does Not Crank
      • On-Vehicle Testing
        • Voltage Drop Test
        • Starter Ground Circuit Test
      • Removal & Installation
        • Starter Motor
          • Removal & Installation
      • Starter Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Crown Victoria
        • Grand Marquis
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C clutch field coil Connector end view (C100)
        • Crankshaft position sensor Connector end view (C101)
        • Generator Connector end view (C102a)
        • Generator Connector end view (C102b)
        • Generator Connector end view (C102c)
        • Oil pressure switch Connector end view (C103)
        • Cylinder... head temperature sensor Connector end view (C107)
        • Inline Connector end view (C110)
        • Coil Plug (COP) Connector end view (C111)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector end view (C112)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector end view (C113)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector end view (C114)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector end view (C115)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector end view (C116)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector end view (C117)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector end view (C118)
        • Speed control actuator Connector end view (C122)
        • Brake fluid level switch Connector end view (C124)
        • Windshield wiper motor Connector end view (C125)
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor Connector end view (C128)
        • Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor Connector end view (C129)
        • A/C clutch cycling pressure switch Connector end view (C130)
        • Horn Connector end view (C131)
        • Ambient air temperature sensor Connector end view (C132)
        • Inline Connector end view (C133)
        • Inline Connector end view (C134)
        • ABS control module Connector end view (C135)
        • Windshield washer pump motor Connector end view (C137)
        • Washer fluid level switch Connector end view (C138)
        • Inline Connector end view (C139)
        • Inline Connector end view (C140)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S)#22 Connector end view (C141)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 Connector end view (C142)
        • Inline Connector end view (C144)
        • Inline Connector end view (C145)
        • Inline Connector end view (C146)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left front Connector end view (C150)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right front Connector end view (C160)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) sensor Connector end view (C167)
        • 4R70W transmission Connector end view (C168)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 Connector end view (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #21 Connector end view (C172)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector end view (C175)
        • Forward crash sensor Connector end view (C177)
        • Electr. Vacuum Regulator (EVR) solenoid valve Connector end view (C179)
        • Camshaft position sensor Connector end view (C180)
        • Fuel injector 1 Connector end view (C181)
        • Fuel injector 2 Connector end view (C182)
        • Fuel injector 3 Connector end view (C183)
        • Fuel injector 4 Connector end view (C184)
        • Fuel injector 5 Connector end view (C185)
        • Fuel injector 6 Connector end view (C186)
        • Fuel injector 7 Connector end view (C187)
        • Fuel injector 8 Connector end view (C188)
        • Inline Connector end view (C192)
        • Starter motor Connector end view (C197a)
        • Starter motor Connector end view (C197b)
        • Multifunction switch Connector end view (C202a)
        • Multifunction switch Connector end view (C202b)
        • Speed control switch Connector end view (C203)
        • Main light switch Connector end view (C205a)
        • Main light switch Connector end view (C205b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C210)
        • Inline Connector end view (C211)
        • Inline Connector end view (C212)
        • Inline Connector end view (C213)
        • Inline Connector end view (C214)
        • Inline Connector end view (C215)
        • Driver air bag unit Connector end view (C216a)
        • Driver air bag unit Connector end view (C216b)
        • Horn switch Connector end view (C217)
        • Air bag sliding contact Connector end view (C218a)
        • Air bag sliding contact Connector end view (C218b)
        • Air bag sliding contact Connector end view (C218c)
        • Inline Connector end view (C219)
        • Instrument cluster Connector end view (C220a)
        • Instrument cluster Connector end view (C220b)
        • Instruments cluster Connector end view (C220c)
        • Steering position sensor Connector end view (C226)
        • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) module Connector end view (C228a)
        • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) module Connector end view (C228b)
        • In... vehicle temperature sensor Connector end view (C233)
        • Inline Connector end view (C237)
        • Inline Connector end view (C238)
        • Rear window defrost switch Connector end view (C241)
        • Inline Connector end view (C248)
        • Ignition Switch Connector end view (C250)
        • Data Link Connector end view (C251)
        • Passive Anti... Theft System (PATS) control module Connector end view (C252)
        • Message center Connector end view (C253)
        • Glove box lamp Connector end view (C254)
        • Passenger air bag module Connector end view (C256)
        • Inline Connector end view (C260)
        • Inline Connector end view (C263)
        • Inline Connector end view (C264)
        • Inline Connector end view (C275)
        • Deactivator switch Connector end view (C277)
        • Brake pedal switch position switch Connector end view (C278)
        • Traction control switch Connector end view (C280)
        • Sunload sensor Connector end view (C286)
        • Autolamp sensor Connector end view (C287)
        • Temperature blend door actuator Connector end view (C289)
        • Radio Connector end view (C290a)
        • Radio Connector end view (C290b)
        • Radio Connector end view (C290c)
        • Function selector switch assembly Connector end view (C294a)
        • Function selector switch assembly Connector end view (C294b)
        • Function selector switch assembly Connector end view (C294c)
        • Function selector switch assembly Connector end view (C294d)
        • Inline Connector end view (C299)
        • Antenna Connector end view (C301)
        • Passenger safety belt retractor pretensioner Connector end view (C303)
        • Restraints control module Connector end view (C310a)
        • Restraints control module Connector end view (C310b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C311)
        • Inline Connector end view (C312)
        • Cigar lighter, front Connector end view (C319)
        • Safety belt buckle switch, driver Connector end view (C323)
        • Inline Connector end view (C327)
        • Lumbar adjust switch, right front Connector end view (C331)
        • Passenger seat lumbar compressor motor Connector end view (C336)
        • Passenger seat backrest motor Connector end view (C338)
        • Power seat switch left Connector end view (C352)
        • Power seat motor assembly, left Connector end view (C353)
        • Seat track position sensor, left Connector end view (C358)
        • Lumber adjust switch, left front Connector end view (C361)
        • Driver seat backrest motor Connector end view (C366)
        • Driver seat backrest motor Connector end view (C368)
        • Power point Connector end view (C380)
        • Safety belt buckle switch, passenger Connector end view (C381)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) switch Connector end view (C392)
        • Inline Connector end view (C405)
        • Inline Connector end view (C406)
        • Inline Connector end view (C408)
        • Fuel door released solenoid Connector end view (C409)
        • Inline Connector end view (C410)
        • Inline Connector end view (C411)
        • Park/turn lamp, left rear Connector end view (C412)
        • Park/turn lamp, right rear Connector end view (C415)
        • Inline Connector end view (C421)
        • Inline Connector end view (C422)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right rear Connector end view (C426)
        • Luggage compartment lamp Connector end view (C428)
        • Luggage compartment lid release solenoid Connector end view (C430)
        • Inline Connector end view (C431)
        • Fuel tank unit Connector end view (C433)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left rear Connector end view (C440)
        • Evaporative emission (EVAP) canister vent valve Connector end view (C450)
        • Reversing lamp left Connector end view (C451)
        • Reversing lamp right Connector end view (C461)
        • Inline Connector end view (C465)
        • Subwoofer amplifier Connector end view (C466)
        • High mounted stoplamp Connector end view (C475)
        • Speaker, left rear Connector end view (C484)
        • Speaker, left rear Connector end view (C485)
        • License lamps Connector end view (C490)
        • Driver Door Module Connector end view (C501a)
        • Driver Door Module Connector end view (C501b)
        • Driver Door Module Connector end view (C501c)
        • Master window/door lock/unlock switch Connector end view (C508)
        • Inline Connector end view (C510)
        • Inline Connector end view (C511)
        • Fuel door released switch Connector end view (C512)
        • Seal adjust switch, driver side front Connector end view (C519)
        • Exterior rear view mirror switch Connector end view (C521)
        • Speaker, left front Connector end view (C523)
        • Power window motor, driver side front Connector end view (C524)
        • Door lock unit, driver side front Connector end view (C525)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side front Connector end view (C526a)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side front Connector end view (C526b)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side front Connector end view (C526c)
        • One... touch Down Module Connector end view (C528)
        • Key pad switch assembly Connector end view (C530)
        • Luggage compartment lid release switch 1 Connector end view (C534)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, driver side Connector end view (C560)
        • Inline Connector end view (C561)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side front Connector end view (C602a)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side front Connector end view (C602b)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side front Connector end view (C602c)
        • Door lock actuator, passenger side Connector end view (C603)
        • Power window motor, passenger side front Connector end view (C608)
        • Speaker, right front Connector end view (C612)
        • Exterior rear view mirror, right Connector end view (C622)
        • Seat adjust switch, passenger side front Connector end view (C627)
        • Front passenger window/door lock switch Connector end view (C629)
        • Window adjust switch, left rear Connector end view (C701)
        • Power window motor, left rear Connector end view (C703)
        • Power window motor, left rear Connector end view (C704)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side rear Connector end view (C715a)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side rear Connector end view (C715b)
        • Window adjust switch, right rear Connector end view (C801)
        • Power window motor, right rear Connector end view (C803)
        • Door lock actuator, right rear Connector end view (C804)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side rear Connector end view (C820a)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side rear Connector end view (C820b)
        • Vanity mirror tamp, right Connector end view (C906)
        • Vanity mirror lamp, right Connector end view (C906)
        • Vanity mirror tamp, left Connector end view (C907)
        • Map lamp switch, left front Connector end view (C910)
        • Electrochromatic inside mirror unit Connector end view (C911)
        • Interior/map lamps assembly, front Connector end view (C929)
        • Interior/map lamps assembly, rear Connector end view (C932)
        • Interior lamp Connector end view (C981a)
        • Interior lamp Connector end view (C981b)
        • Taxi roof lamp Connector end view (C994a)
        • Taxi roof lamp Connector end view (C994b)
        • Horn relay Connector end view (C1006)
        • A/C clutch relay Connector end view (C1008)
        • Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) module Connector end view (C1009)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1010)
        • PCM power relay Connector end view (C1016)
        • Starter relay Connector end view (C1017)
        • PCM power diode Connector end view (C1018)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1019)
        • Headlamp, left Connector end view (C1021)
        • Park/turn lamp, left front Connector end view (C1023)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1026)
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) module Connector end view (C1030)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1033)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) Connector end view (C1035a)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) Connector end view (C1035b)
        • Headlamp, right Connector end view (C1041)
        • Park/turn lamp, right front Connector end view (C1043)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1045)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1046)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1047)
        • Engine cooling fan motor Connector end view (C1048)
        • Fuel pump relay Connector end view (C1051)
        • Engine cooling fan relay Connector end view (C1055)
        • High speed fan control relay Connector end view (C1056)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor Connector end view (C1064)
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) valve Connector end view (C1066)
        • Different Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) sensor Connector end view (C1068)
        • Injector pressure sensor Connector end view (C1073)
        • A/C high pressure switch Connector end view (C1078)
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor Connector end view (C1088)
        • Rear window defrost relay Connector end view (C1099)
        • Battery Connector end view (C1100a)
        • Battery Connector end view (C1100b)
        • Output Shaft Speed Sensor Connector end view (C1107)
        • Side turn signal lamp, right Connector end view (C1122)
        • Side turn signal lamp, left Connector end view (C1123)
        • Side lamp, right front Connector end view (C1126)
        • Side lamp, left front Connector end view (C1127)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) sensor Connector end view (C1130)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1147)
        • Engine compartment lamp Connector end view (C1159)
        • Electronic variable orilice actuator Connector end view (C1169)
        • Air suspension compressor assembly Connector end view (C1179)
        • Fuel injector 1 Connector end view (C1181)
        • Fuel injector 2 Connector end view (C1182)
        • Fuel injector 3 Connector end view (C1183)
        • Fuel injector 4 Connector end view (C1184)
        • Fuel injector 5 Connector end view (C1185)
        • Fuel injector 6 Connector end view (C1186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector end view (C1189)
        • Vapor management valve Connector end view (C1195)
        • Ignition transformer capacitor Connector end view (C1196)
        • Front blower motor Connector end view (C1227)
        • Fuel rail temperature sensor Connector end view (C1257)
        • Fuel rail cutoff valve Connector end view (C1258)
        • Air suspension compressor relay Connector end view (C1300)
        • Front blower motor speed controller Connector end view (C1308)
        • Fuel injector 7 Connector end view (C1312)
        • Fuel injector 8 Connector end view (C1313)
        • Police power relay Connector end view (C1325)
        • Fuel valve relay Connector end view (C1327)
        • Front blower motor resistor assembly Connector end view (C1349)
        • Adjustable pedal motor Connector end view (C2003)
        • Passive anti.... theft transceiver module Connector end view (C2007)
        • Bake shift interlock Connector end view (C2008)
        • Parking brake switch Connector end view (C2015)
        • Clock Connector end view (C2016)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2026)
        • Cigar lighter, front Connector end view (C2031a)
        • Cigar lighter, front Connector end view (C2031b)
        • Power point Connector end view (C2033)
        • Courtesty lamp, left footwell Connector end view (C2056)
        • Courtesy lamp, right footwell Connector end view (C2057)
        • Adjustable pedal switch Connector end view (C2089)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2095)
        • Power point Connector end view (C2096)
        • Air suspension module Connector end view (C2131a)
        • Air suspension module Connector end view (C2131b)
        • Overdrive cancel switch Connector end view (C2135)
        • Lighting control module Connector end view (C2145a)
        • Lighting control module Connector end view (C2145b)
        • Lighting control module Connector end view (C2145c)
        • Warning buzzer/chime module Connector end view (C2156)
        • Wiper Control Module (WCM) Connector end view (C2157)
        • Luggage compartment lid release Connector end view (C2203)
        • Luggage compartment lid release switch 3 Connector end view (C2204)
        • Spot lamp, LH side Connector end view (C2205)
        • Spot lamp, LH side Connector end view (C2206)
        • Audio/climate control switch Connector end view (C2208)
        • Door ajar indicator Connector end view (C2212a)
        • Door ajar indicator Connector end view (C2212b)
        • Taxi roof lamp switch Connector end view (C2213)
        • Instrument cluster Connector end view (C2220a)
        • Instrument cluster Connector end view (C2220b)
        • Warning lamps module Connector end view (C2222)
        • Electronic Variable Orifice (EVO) steering module Connector end view (C2230)
        • Driver safety belt retractor pretensioner Connector end view (C3014)
        • Power seat motor assembly, right Connector end view (C3015)
        • CD changer Connector end view (C3028)
        • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS) Connector end view (C3159a)
        • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS) Connector end view (C3159b)
        • Air suspension height sensor Connector end view (C4043)
        • Shock absorber solenoid valve, left rear Connector end view (C4044)
        • Shock absorber solenoid valve, left rear Connector end view (C4045)
        • Pressure reservoir control switch Connector end view (C4087)
        • Emergency flasher relay 1 Connector end view (C4088)
        • Emergency flasher relay 2 Connector end view (C4089)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp 1, left rear Connector end view (C4112)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp 2, left rear Connector end view (C4113)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp 1, right rear Connector end view (C4114)
        • Park/stop/turn lamp 2, right rear Connector end view (C4115)
        • Tank valve 2 Connector end view (C4122)
        • Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) fuel tank pressure sensor Connector end view (C4127)
        • Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) fuel tank temperature sensor Connector end view (C4128)
        • Tank valve 1 Connector end view (C4129)
        • Rear flasher relay Connector end view (C4143)
        • Rear flasher Connector end view (C4144)
        • EVO diagnostic Connector end view (C4146)
        • Tank valve 3 Connector end view (C4147)
        • Tank valve 4 Connector end view (C4148)
        • Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) fuel tank temperature sensor 2 Connector end view (C4149)
        • Turn lamp 1, left rear Connector end view (C4152)
        • Turn lamp 2, left rear Connector end view (C4153)
        • Turn lamp 1, right rear Connector end view (C4154)
        • Turn lamp 2, right rear Connector end view (C4155)
        • Police flasher lamp, left rear Connector end view (C4163)
        • Police flasher lamp, right rear Connector end view (C4164)
        • Tank valve 5 Connector end view (C4204)
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cooling Fan
      • Cruise Control
      • Defoggers
      • Electronic Power Steering
      • Electronic Suspension
      • Engine Performance
        • 4.6L
        • 4.6L CNG
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Seats
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlock
      • Starting/Charging
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
      • Trunk, Tailgate, Fuel Door
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Engine Mechanical
  • Accessory Drive Belts
    • Cooling System Specifications & Drive Belt Routing
      • Bleeding
        • Cooling System
          • Notes
          • Except LS
          • LS
      • Drive Belt Adjustment
      • Drive Belt Routing
        • Notes
        • Continental
        • Cougar
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Cougar - 2.0L VIN 3)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Cougar - 2.5L)
        • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Town Car
        • Escort
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Escort & ZX2 - 2.0L VIN 3)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Escort - 2.0L VIN P)
        • Focus
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Focus - 2.0L VIN 3)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Focus - 2.0L VIN P)
        • LS (3.0L)
        • LS & THUNDERBIRD (3.9L)
        • Mustang
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Mustang - 3.8L)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Mustang - 4.6L)
        • Sable & TAURUS
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Sable & Taurus - 3.0L VIN S)
          • Water Pump Routing (Sable & Taurus - 3.0L VIN S) With Tensioner
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Sable & Taurus - 3.0L VIN U)
      • Coolant Replacement Intervals
      • Cooling System Specifications
        • Continental
        • Cougar
        • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Town Car
        • Escort
        • Focus
        • LS & THUNDERBIRD
        • Mustang
        • Sable & TAURUS
  • Auxiliary Emission Control Systems
    • Emission Control System Visual Inspection Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Emission Control Labels
      • Emission Control Visual Inspection
        • Notes
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV)
        • Thermostatic Air Cleaner (TAC)
        • Fuel Evaporative System (EVAP)
        • Catalytic Converters
          • Oxidation Catalyst (OC)
          • Three-Way Catalyst (TWC)
          • Three-Way Catalyst + Oxidation Catalyst (TWC + OC)
        • Fill Pipe RESTRICTOR (Fr)
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) System
          • Single Diaphragm EGR Valve
          • Dual Diaphragm EGR Valve
          • Positive Backpressure EGR (BP/EGR) Valve
          • Negative Backpressure EGR (BP/EGR) Valve
          • Digital EGR Valve
          • Integrated Electronic EGR Valve
        • Spark Controls (SPK)
        • Air Injection System (AIS)
          • Air Pump Injection System (AP)
          • Pulsed Secondary Air Injection (PAIR) System
        • Oxygen Sensor (O2)
        • Computerized Engine Controls (CEC)
        • Early Fuel Evaporation (EFE)
        • Emission Maintenance Reminder Light (EMR) (If Equipped)
        • Malfunction Indicator Light (Mil)
  • Electric Cooling Fan
    • Description & Operation
    • Component Locations
    • Trouble Shooting
      • Notes
      • Preliminary Inspection
    • Diagnostic System
    • Removal & Installation
      • Fan Assembly
        • Removal & Installation
    • Torque Specifications
    • Wiring Diagrams
      • Crown Victoria
      • Grand Marquis
      • Town Car
  • Cooling System (Mechanical)
    • Cooling System Specifications & Drive Belt Routing
      • Bleeding
        • Cooling System
          • Notes
          • Except LS
          • LS
      • Drive Belt Adjustment
      • Drive Belt Routing
        • Notes
        • Continental
        • Cougar
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Cougar - 2.0L VIN 3)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Cougar - 2.5L)
        • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Town Car
        • Escort
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Escort & ZX2 - 2.0L VIN 3)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Escort - 2.0L VIN P)
        • Focus
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Focus - 2.0L VIN 3)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Focus - 2.0L VIN P)
        • LS (3.0L)
        • LS & THUNDERBIRD (3.9L)
        • Mustang
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Mustang - 3.8L)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Mustang - 4.6L)
        • Sable & TAURUS
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Sable & Taurus - 3.0L VIN S)
          • Water Pump Routing (Sable & Taurus - 3.0L VIN S) With Tensioner
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Sable & Taurus - 3.0L VIN U)
      • Coolant Replacement Intervals
      • Cooling System Specifications
        • Continental
        • Cougar
        • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Town Car
        • Escort
        • Focus
        • LS & THUNDERBIRD
        • Mustang
        • Sable & TAURUS
  • Mechanical
    • Engine - 4.6L
      • Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Engine Component View
        • Engine Component View - Natural Gas Engines
          • Natural Gas Engine - Disassembled View
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Engine
      • In-Vehicle Repair
        • Water Pump
          • Removal & Installation
        • Intake Manifold - Gasoline Engines
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Intake Manifold - Natural Gas Engines
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Cover RH
          • Materials Needed
          • Removal & Installation
        • Valve Cover LH
          • Materials Needed
          • Removal & Installation
        • Crankshaft Pulley
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Front Oil Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials Needed
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Engine Front Cover
          • Materials Needed
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Timing Drive Components
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Springs
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Seals
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Hydraulic Lash Adjusters
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Camshaft Roller Follower
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Camshaft
          • Materials Needed
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Exhaust Manifold - RH
          • Removal & Installation
        • Exhaust Manifold - LH
          • Removal & Installation
        • Cylinder Head RH
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cylinder Head LH
          • Materials Needed
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Filter Adapter
          • Materials Needed
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Pressure Sender
          • Removal & Installation
        • Oil Level Indicator & Tube
          • Removal & Installation
        • Oil Pan
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials Needed
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • FLEXPLATE
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Rear Oil Seal With Retainer Plate
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials Needed
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Engine Mount - RH
          • Removal & Installation
        • Engine Mount - LH
          • Removal & Installation
      • Removal
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
      • Disassembly
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
      • Disassembly & Assembly Of Subassemblies
        • Cylinder Head
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials Needed
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Piston - Pin Connecting Rod Assembly, Press Fit
          • Materials Needed
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Piston - Pin Connecting Rod Assembly, Floating Pin
          • Materials Needed
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
      • Assembly
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials Needed
          • Assembly
      • Installation
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials Needed
          • Installation
    • Engine System - General Information
      • Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Engine
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s) & Materials
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
            • Engine Oil Leaks
            • Engine Oil Leaks - Fluorescent Oil Additive Method
            • Leakage Points - Underhood
            • Leakage Points - Under Engine - With Vehicle On Hoist
            • Leakage Points - With Transmission & Flywheel Removed
          • Compression Test - Compression Gauge Check
            • Notes
            • Compression Test - Test Results
            • Compression Test - Interpreting Compression Readings
          • Cylinder Leakage Detection
          • Oil Consumption Test
          • Intake Manifold Vacuum Test
            • Notes
            • Intake Manifold Vacuum Test - Interpreting Vacuum Gauge Readings
          • Excessive Engine Oil Consumption
            • Notes
            • Oil Pressure Test
          • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off - Valve Cover Removed
            • Notes
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Rocker Arm
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Camshaft Roller Followers & Hydraulic Lash Adjusters, Overhead Camshaft
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Camshaft - Engines
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Push Rods
            • Valve Train Analysis - Valve Springs
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Valve Spring Retainer & Valve Spring Retainer Keys
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Valves & Cylinder Head
          • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Running
            • Notes
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Running, Valves & Cylinder Head
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Running, Camshaft Lobe Lift - OHC Engines
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Running, Camshaft Lobe Lift - Push Rod Engine
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Running, Valve Tappet
      • General Procedures
        • Sprockets
        • Rocker Arms - Cleaning
        • Rocker Arms - Inspection
        • Push Rods - Cleaning
        • Push Rods - Inspection
        • Camshaft Journal - Diameter
        • Camshaft Journal - Clearance, Push Rod Engines, Micrometer Method
        • Camshaft Journal - Clearance, PLASTIGAGE Method
        • Camshaft - End Play, Push Rod Engines
        • Camshaft - End Play, OHC Engines
        • Camshaft - Lobe Surface
        • Camshaft - Lobe Lift
        • Camshaft - RUNOUT
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Diameter
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Taper
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Clearance
        • Crankshaft - End Play
        • Crankshaft - RUNOUT
        • Crankshaft - Connecting Rod Journal Taper, Out Of Round
        • Cylinder Bore - Taper
        • Cylinder Bore - Out-Of-Round
        • Piston - Inspection
        • Piston - Pin-To-Bore Diameter
        • Piston - Diameter
        • Piston-To-Cylinder Bore Clearance
        • Piston - Selection
        • Piston - Ring End Gap
        • Piston - Ring-To-Groove Clearance
        • Piston - Pin Diameter
        • Connecting Rod - Cleaning
        • Connecting Rod - Large End Bore
        • Connecting Rod - Bushing Diameter
        • Connecting Rod - Bend
        • Connecting Rod - Twist
        • Connecting Rod - Piston Pin Side Clearance
        • Connecting Rod - Bearing Journal Clearance
        • Roller Follower - Inspection
          • Push Rod Engines
          • OHC Engines
        • Valve Tappet - Inspection
          • Push Rod Engines
          • OHC Engines
        • Valve Stem Diameter
        • Valve Stem-To-Valve Guide Clearance
        • Valve - Inspection
        • Valve Guide Inner Diameter
        • Valve Guide Reaming
        • Valve - Spring Installed Length
        • Valve Spring Free Length
        • Valve Spring Squareness
        • Valve Spring Strength
        • Valve Seat Inspection
          • Valve & Seat Refacing Measurements
        • Valve Seat Width
        • Valve Seat RUNOUT
        • Cylinder Head - Distortion
        • Cylinder Bore - Cleaning
        • Cylinder Block Core Plug Replacement
          • Notes
          • Cup Type
          • Expansion Type
        • Spark Plug - Inspection
        • Exhaust Manifold - Inspection
        • Bearing - Inspection
  • Starter
    • Starting System
      • Description
      • Component Locations
      • Adjustments
        • Shift Linkage
        • Transmission Range Sensor
      • Trouble Shooting
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Starter Cranks In Reverse Or Forward Gears
        • Starter Cranks Slowly
        • Starter Does Not Crank
        • Unusual Starter Noise
        • Starter Spins But Engine Does Not Crank
      • On-Vehicle Testing
        • Voltage Drop Test
        • Starter Ground Circuit Test
      • Removal & Installation
        • Starter Motor
          • Removal & Installation
      • Starter Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Crown Victoria
        • Grand Marquis
• Engine Performance
  • Engine Controls - On-Vehicle Adjustments
    • Engine Mechanical
    • Valve Clearance
      • Notes
      • 2.0L Engine (VIN 3)
      • 3.0L Engine (VIN S)
      • 3.9L Engine (VIN A)
    • Ignition Timing
    • Idle Speed
  • Application
    • Engine Introduction - Cars
      • Engine Introduction - Cars
        • Notes
        • Vehicle Identification Number Description
          • Notes
          • World Manufacturer Identifier - Position 1
          • Restraint Type Code - Position 2
          • Line, Series & Body Type Code - Position 3
          • Engine Code - Position 4
          • Computer-Generated Check Digit - Position 5
          • Model Year Code - Position 6
          • Assembly Plant Code - Position 7
          • Production Sequence Number - Position 8
        • Model/Year VIN Code Applications
        • Engine Code Location
  • Emissions
    • EGR Function Testing - Ford - Cars
      • EGR Function Testing - Ford - Cars
        • Test 1
          • Ported EGR Valve
        • Test 2
          • Backpressure Transducer EGR System
        • Test 3
          • Integral Backpressure Transducer EGR System
        • Test 4
          • Electronic EGR Valve
        • Test 5
          • 1994-96 All Except 2.5L (VIN B)
        • Test 6
          • EEC-V Equipped Vehicles
        • Test 7
          • 1.8L & 2.5L (EEC Systems)
        • Test 8
          • EGR Valve
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator (EVR) Solenoid
        • Test 9
    • Emission Applications
      • Emission Applications
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
  • Mode 6 - 2002 Ford - Except Diesel
    • Introduction
    • Catalyst Monitor
    • Misfire Monitor
    • Air System Monitor
    • EVAP Monitor
    • Front Ho2S Monitor
    • Rear Ho2S Monitor
    • EGR Monitor
  • Engine Controls - Pin Voltage Charts
    • Introduction
    • Test Equipment
    • Test Procedures
      • Notes
      • Pin Voltage Testing
      • Symptom Testing
      • PID Testing
        • Notes
        • Accessing Ford Specific PIDs
        • Accessing Generic OBD-II PIDs
      • Pcm Connector End Views
      • Powertrain Control Module Locations
    • PID Definitions & Pin Voltage/PID Values
      • Notes
      • PID Definitions
      • Pin Voltage/PID Value Tables
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Continental
        • Cougar
          • Cougar 2.0L M/T
          • Cougar 2.5L A/T
          • Cougar 2.5L M/T
        • Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis
          • Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis 4.6L (Gasoline Vehicle)
          • Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis 4.6L (Natural Gas Vehicle)
        • Escort & ZX2
          • Escort 2.0L 2V A/T
          • ZX2 2.0L 4V A/T
          • ZX2 2.0L 4V M/T
        • Focus
          • Focus 2.0L 2V A/T
          • Focus 2.0L 2V M/T
          • Focus 2.0L 4V A/T
          • Focus 2.0L 4V M/T
        • LS
          • LS 3.0L A/T
          • LS 3.0L M/T
          • LS 3.9L A/T
        • Mustang
          • Mustang 3.8L A/T
          • Mustang 3.8L M/T
          • Mustang 4.6L 2V A/T
          • Mustang 4.6L 2V M/T
        • Sable & Taurus
          • Notes
          • Sable & TAURUS 3.0L 2V (Flexible Fuel & Gasoline)
          • Sable & TAURUS 3.0L 4V
        • Thunderbird
        • Town Car
  • Remove, Overhaul & Install
    • Engine Removal, Overhaul & Installation - Crown Victoria - NGV
      • Introduction
      • Component Locations
        • Component Locations
      • Fuel Systems
        • Notes
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
        • Compressed Natural Gas Fuel Line Venting
        • Compressed Natural Gas Fuel Tank Venting
          • Fuel Tank Solenoid Valve Functions Normally
          • Fuel Tank Solenoid Valve Stuck Open
          • Fuel Tank Solenoid Valve Stuck Closed Or Inoperative
        • COALESCER/Fuel Filter
          • Removal & Installation
        • COALESCER/Fuel Filter Element
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Line Fittings
          • Notes
          • Disconnecting Connector (Spring Lock-Type)
          • Connecting Connector (Spring Lock-Type)
          • Disconnecting CNG High Pressure (Gyrolok-Type) Fittings
          • Swagging CNG High Pressure (Gyrolok-Type) Fittings
          • Connecting CNG High Pressure (Gyrolok-Type) Fitting
          • Removing CNG Low Pressure Fitting
          • Installing CNG Low Pressure Fitting
        • Fuel Pressure Regulator
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Rails & Injectors
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Tanks
          • Removal & Installation (Lower Rack Assembly)
          • Removal & Installation (Rear Rack Assembly)
          • Removal & Installation (Upper Trunk Rack Mounted)
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Tank Shutoff Solenoid Valve
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Fuel Tank Temperature Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Vapor Vent Box (Upper/Rear Rack Assembly)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Adjustments
        • Fuel Rail (Tunable "T")
      • Torque Specifications
  • Sensor Range Charts
    • Engine Controls - Sensor Operating Range Charts
      • Introduction
  • Specifications
    • Engine Controls - Service & Adjustment Specifications
      • Introduction
      • Capacities
        • Cooling System Capacities
        • Engine Oil Capacity
        • Transmission Capacities
        • Differential Fluid Capacity
      • Quick-Service
        • Service Intervals & Specifications
        • Belt Adjustment
      • Mechanical Checks
        • Engine Compression
        • Valve Clearance
      • Ignition Systems
        • High Tension Wire Resistance
        • Spark Plugs
          • Spark Plug Specifications (4-Cylinder)
          • Spark Plug Specifications (V6)
          • Spark Plug Specifications (V8)
        • Firing Order & Timing Marks
          • 2.0L DOHC
          • 2.0L SOHC
          • 2.5L
          • 3.0L (2V)
          • 3.0L (4V)
          • 3.8L
          • 3.9L
          • 4.6L
        • Ignition Timing
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Pump
        • Idle Speed & Mixture
        • Throttle Position Sensor
    • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
      • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
        • Notes
        • 3 Cylinder Engine
        • 4 Cylinder Engine
        • 5 Cylinder Engine
        • V6 Engine
          • 3.3L (VIN T) Engines
          • 3.0L Villager Engine
          • All Other V6 Engines Except 3.3L (VIN T) & 3.0L Villager Engine
        • V8 Engine
          • 3.9L (VIN A) V8 Engines
          • 5.2L V8 Engines
          • 5.0L (Mustang Only) & 6.2L V8 Engines
          • All Other Gasoline V8 Engines Except 3.9L (VIN A), 5.0L (Mustang Only), 5.2L & 6.2L
          • Diesel V8 Engine (To 2010)
          • 6.7L Diesel V8 Engine (From 2011)
        • V10 Engine
    • Fuel System Pressure Specifications
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Pressure - Cars
        • Fuel Pressure - Trucks
  • System
    • Engine Controls - Basic Diagnostic Procedures
      • Introduction
      • Preliminary Inspection & Adjustments
        • Visual Inspection
        • Mechanical Inspection
          • Compression
          • Exhaust System Backpressure
      • Fuel Systems
        • Preliminary Checks
        • Fuel Pressure Release
        • Fuel System Pressure
          • Natural Gas Engines
          • Gasoline Engines
        • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Injector Resistance
          • Fuel Injector Check
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
      • Ignition Checks
        • Preliminary Checks
        • EDIS (DISTRIBUTORLESS) Ignition System
          • Notes
          • Spark Check
        • Ignition Coil Resistance
      • Idle Speed & Ignition Timing
        • Notes
        • Idle Mixture Adjustment
        • Ignition Timing
      • Throttle Position Sensor Adjustment
      • Summary
    • Engine Controls - System & Component Tests - EEC-V - NGV
      • Introduction
        • Notes
        • Engine Cover
          • Removal & Installation
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Ground Circuits
          • Power Circuits
        • Natural Gas Vehicle Module
          • Ground Circuits
          • Power Circuits
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Sensors
          • Notes
          • Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
          • Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
          • Reference Voltage
        • Switches
          • Notes
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
      • Relays & Solenoids
        • Relays
          • Notes
          • Mini ISO Relay Test
      • Fuel System Safety Precautions
        • Notes
        • Natural Gas System
          • Compressed Natural Gas
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Reset Procedure
      • Connector Identification
        • Connector Views
      • Fuel Systems
        • Notes
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
        • Compressed Natural Gas Leak Test
          • Notes
          • Fuel Injection Supply Manifold & Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Tanks, Filter & Lines
        • Fuel Tank Inspection (In-Vehicle)
        • Unable To Vent Fuel Tanks Or Fuel Lines
          • Notes
          • Pre-Inspection
          • Testing (Crown Victoria)
          • Testing (Econoline)
          • Testing (F150)
  • Testing & Diagnosis
    • Engine Controls - Basic Diagnostic Procedures
      • Introduction
      • Preliminary Inspection & Adjustments
        • Visual Inspection
        • Mechanical Inspection
          • Compression
          • Exhaust System Backpressure
      • Fuel Systems
        • Preliminary Checks
        • Fuel Pressure Release
        • Fuel System Pressure
          • Natural Gas Engines
          • Gasoline Engines
        • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Injector Resistance
          • Fuel Injector Check
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
      • Ignition Checks
        • Preliminary Checks
        • EDIS (DISTRIBUTORLESS) Ignition System
          • Notes
          • Spark Check
        • Ignition Coil Resistance
      • Idle Speed & Ignition Timing
        • Notes
        • Idle Mixture Adjustment
        • Ignition Timing
      • Throttle Position Sensor Adjustment
      • Summary
    • Engine Controls - System & Component Tests - EEC-V - NGV
      • Introduction
        • Notes
        • Engine Cover
          • Removal & Installation
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Ground Circuits
          • Power Circuits
        • Natural Gas Vehicle Module
          • Ground Circuits
          • Power Circuits
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Sensors
          • Notes
          • Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
          • Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
          • Reference Voltage
        • Switches
          • Notes
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
      • Relays & Solenoids
        • Relays
          • Notes
          • Mini ISO Relay Test
      • Fuel System Safety Precautions
        • Notes
        • Natural Gas System
          • Compressed Natural Gas
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Reset Procedure
      • Connector Identification
        • Connector Views
      • Fuel Systems
        • Notes
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
        • Compressed Natural Gas Leak Test
          • Notes
          • Fuel Injection Supply Manifold & Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Tanks, Filter & Lines
        • Fuel Tank Inspection (In-Vehicle)
        • Unable To Vent Fuel Tanks Or Fuel Lines
          • Notes
          • Pre-Inspection
          • Testing (Crown Victoria)
          • Testing (Econoline)
          • Testing (F150)
  • Vacuum Diagrams - Cars
    • Introduction
      • Notes
      • Pcm Calibrations
      • Protocol 3 Code Descriptions
    • Vacuum Hose Diagram(S)
      • Continental
      • Cougar
      • Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis
      • Escort & Escort ZX2
      • Focus
      • LS
      • Mustang
      • Sable & TAURUS
      • THUNDERBIRD
      • Town Car
  • Engine Performance - Wiring Diagrams
    • Wiring Diagrams
      • BLACKWOOD
      • Continental
      • Cougar
      • Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis
      • ECONOLINE
      • Escape
      • Escort
      • Escort ZX2
      • Excursion & Pickup (F250/F550)
      • Expedition & Navigator
      • Explorer & Mountaineer
      • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC
      • Focus
      • LS
      • Mustang
      • Pickup (F150)
      • Ranger
      • Sable & TAURUS
      • THUNDERBIRD
      • Town Car
      • Villager
      • WINDSTAR
• General Information
  • Abbreviations
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
  • Basic Trouble Shooting
    • Basic Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Accessories & Electrical
        • Charging System Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
      • Air Conditioning & Heat
        • Air Conditioning Trouble Shooting
        • Heater System Trouble Shooting
      • Brakes
        • Brake System Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Mechanical
        • Cooling System Trouble Shooting
        • Gasoline Engine - Mechanical Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Performance
        • Carburetor Trouble Shooting:
        • Diesel Engine Trouble Shooting
        • Fuel Injection Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
        • Tune-Up Trouble Shooting - Gas Engine Vehicles
        • Vacuum Pump - Diesel Trouble Shooting
      • Manual Transmission
        • Manual Transmission Trouble Shooting
      • Powertrain
        • Clutch Trouble Shooting
        • Drive Axle - Noise Diagnosis
          • Unrelated Noises
          • Non-Drive Axle Noises
          • Gear Noise
          • Chuckle
          • Knock
          • Clunk
          • Bearing Whine
          • Bearing Rumble
          • Chatter On Turns
          • Axle Shaft Noise
          • Vibration
        • Drive Axle - RWD Trouble Shooting
        • Fwd Axle Shafts & CV Joints Trouble Shooting
      • Steering & Suspension
        • Manual Steering Gear Trouble Shooting
        • Power Steering Trouble Shooting
        • Steering Column Trouble Shooting
        • Suspension Trouble Shooting
        • Wheel Alignment Trouble Shooting
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Engine Performance - Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Engine Performance
  • Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions
    • Map - Brake Systems
      • Brake Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accelerometers
        • Accumulators
        • Anchor Pins
        • Anti-Lock Brake Control Assembly(Module)
        • Anti-Lock Brake Controller
        • Anti-Lock Brake Systems
        • Axle Seal
        • Backing Plates
        • Bleeder Screw
        • Brake Abs Active Light (Blue)
        • Brake Fluid
        • Brake Friction Material
        • Brake On - Off Switch
        • Brake Pads
        • Brake Pedals
        • Brake Shoe Hardware
        • Brake Shoes
        • Brake Stoplight Switches
        • Brake Warning Light (Amber)
        • Brake Warning Light (Red)
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs And LEDS
        • Caliper Hardware
        • Caliper Mounting Pin
        • Caliper Piston
        • Caliper Shim
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt) Dust Boot
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt)
        • Calipers
        • Combination Valve
        • Controllers
        • Digital Ratio Axle Controllers And Buffers (Drab And Dram)
        • Disable Switches
        • Drums
        • Electrical Brake Pumps
        • Electrical Park Motor
        • Electrical Pumps And Motors
        • Electro-Magnetic Interference
        • Electronic Brake Control Modulator
        • Electronic Brake Distribution
        • Electronic Brake Traction Control Module
        • Electronic Controllers
        • Electronic Traction Control
        • External Brake Cable
        • Flow Control Valve
        • Fluid Level Sensor Switches
        • Fluid
        • Four Wheel Drive Switches
        • Friction Material
        • G Sensors
        • Gaskets
        • Gravitational Switches
        • Grease Seal
        • Height Sensing Proportioning Valve
        • High Pressure Accumulator
        • Hoses
        • Hub
        • Hydraulic Control Unit
        • Hydraulic Modulators
        • Hydro-Boosters
        • Hydro-Electric Boosters (POWERMASTER)
        • Ignition Disable Switches
        • Lamp Driver Relay
        • Lateral Acceleration Switches
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Low Pressure Accumulator
        • Lug Nut
        • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
        • Master Cylinders
        • Modulators
        • Motor Pack
        • Motors
        • Pads
        • Parking Brake Cable
        • Parking Brake Mechanism
        • Parking Brake Shoes
        • Parking Brake Switches
        • Parking Brake Systems
        • Pedal Travel Switches
        • Pedals
        • Power Distribution Center
        • POWERMASTER
        • Pressure Differential Switches
        • Pressure Switches
        • Pressure Transducers
        • Proportioning Valve
        • Pumps
        • Relays
        • RELUCTOR (Speed) Ring
        • Rotors
        • Self-Adjusting Systems
        • Shoe Hardware
        • Shoes
        • Sockets
        • Speed Sensor (RELUCTOR) Ring
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Star Wheel
        • Steel Brake Lines
        • Stoplight Switches
        • Stroke Sensor
        • Switches
        • Tires
        • Tone Ring
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Traction Control System (TCS)
        • Transfer Tubes
        • Vacuum Boosters
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Valves
        • Wear Indicator
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheel Cylinders
        • Wiring Harnesses
        • Yaw Rate Sensor
      • Brake System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Map - Routine Inspection Reference Guide
      • Routine Inspection Reference Guide
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Maintenance Overview
          • Antifreeze/Coolant
          • Visual Inspection
          • Radiator Cap Test
          • Engine Fan
          • Cooling System Power Flush And Refill
          • Belts (Except Timing Belts)
          • Belt TENSIONER
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid Exchange & Filter Replacement
          • Engine Oil
          • Air Filters
          • Cabin Air Filter
          • Brake Fluid
          • Battery
          • Battery Cables
          • Power Steering
          • Power Steering Fluid
          • Wiper Blades
        • Routine Inspection CHECKSHEET
        • Routine Inspection - UICS
          • Brake Systems
            • Notes
            • Brake Fluid
            • Bulbs And LEDS
            • Hoses
            • Lenses
            • Lug Nut
            • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
            • Parking Brake Cable
            • Vacuum Hoses
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
          • Drivetrain And Transmission
            • Notes
            • Automatic Transmission Fluid
            • Clutch Master Cylinders
            • Cooler Lines
            • Coolers
            • Differential Fluid
            • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Filters And Screens
            • Fluids And Lubricants
            • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
            • Hydraulic Fluid
            • Lubricants
            • Manual Transmission Fluid
            • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
            • Transfer Case Fluid
            • Vacuum Hoses
          • Electrical Systems
            • Batteries
            • Battery Cables
            • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
            • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
            • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
            • Ground Cables And Straps
            • Ground Straps
            • Lenses
            • Sealed Beams
            • Washer Pumps
            • Wiper Arms And Blades
            • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
            • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
          • Engine Performance And Maintenance
            • Notes
            • Accessory Belts
            • Air Filter Elements
            • Air Filter Gaskets
            • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
            • Air Pump Belts
            • Batteries
            • Battery Connectors
            • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
            • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
            • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
            • Coolant Recovery Tanks
            • Coolant
            • Distributor Caps
            • Distributor Rotors
            • Engine Cooling Systems
            • Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
            • Engine Oil
            • Fuel Filters
            • Fuel Injector Cleaning
            • Fuel Injectors
            • Fuel System Cleaning Service
            • Hose Clamps
            • Hose Connectors
            • Hose Couplers
            • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
            • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
            • Intake Cleaning
            • O2 Sensors
            • PCV Breather Elements
            • PCV Valves
            • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
            • Spark Plugs
            • Thermostats And Housings
            • Throttle Body Cleaning
            • Timing Belts
            • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
          • Exhaust Systems
            • Notes
            • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
          • Heating, Ventilation And Air Conditioning Systems
            • Notes
            • Belts
            • Cabin Air Filters
            • Coolant
            • Evaporator Drain Tubes
            • Evaporator Filters
            • In-Line Filters
            • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
          • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
            • Notes
            • Hydraulic Hoses
            • Power Steering Belts
            • Power Steering Fluid
            • Power Steering Hoses
            • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
            • Strut Rods
            • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
            • Tire Pressure Sensors
            • Tires
            • Valve Stems
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
      • Wheel & Tire Supplement
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
        • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
        • Wheel & Tire - UICS
          • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
          • Tire Pressure Sensors
          • Tires
          • Wheel Alignment
          • Wheel Attachment Hardware
          • Wheels (Rims)
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Check Lists
    • Symptom Check List Worksheet - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose
        • Notes
        • Why Use the Symptom Check List Worksheets?
        • Making the Worksheets a Part of Your Normal Routine
      • Symptom Check List Worksheets
        • Condensed Version - All On One Page
        • Full Version - All On Four Pages
        • Individual System-Based Check Lists
  • Computer Relearn Procedures
    • Introduction
      • Body Controls
      • Engine Controls
    • CHRYSLER Corp.
      • A/C Calibration (Caravan, Town & Country, & Voyager)
        • Description
        • Procedure
      • A/C Calibration (CONCORDE, Intrepid & 300M)
      • Body Control Module (CONCORDE, Intrepid, SEBRING Convertible, SEBRING Sedan, Stratus Sedan & 300M)
      • Drive Learn Procedure (DAKOTA - 4.7L, DURANGO - 4.7L & Ram Pickup 1500 - 4.7L)
        • Notes
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1st Neutral To Drive Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Drive Garage Shift
        • Procedure To Learn The 1st 2-3 Shift After A Restart Or Shift To Reverse
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 2-3 & 3-4 Upshift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-3 Coastdown & Part Throttle 4-3 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1-2 Upshift & 3-2 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Manual 2-1 Pulldown Shift As Well As A Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-5 Upshift for 545RFE
      • Engine Control Module Programming (Diesel)
      • Immobilizer System (SEBRING Coupe & Stratus Coupe)
        • Notes
        • Encrypted Code Registration
        • Key ID Registration
      • Instrument Cluster (Ram Van & Ram Wagon)
      • Pinion Factor Procedure
        • Except Concorde, Durango - With NGC, Intrepid & 300M
        • Concorde, Durango - With NGC, Intrepid & 300M
      • Power Liftgate Learn Cycle (Caravan & Town & Country)
        • Description
        • Procedure
      • Power Sliding Door Learn Cycle (Caravan & Town & Country)
        • Description
        • Procedure
      • Powertrain Control Module Programming (Except Ram Pickup 2500 & 3500 - Gasoline, Ram Van & Ram Wagon)
      • Powertrain Control Module Programming (Ram Pickup 2500 & 3500 - Gasoline, Ram Van & Ram Wagon)
      • Sentry Key Immobilizer Module Programming
      • Programming Ignition Keys To Sentry Key Immobilizer Module
        • Using Scan Tool
        • Programming Ignition Keys Using Customer Learn Method
      • Torque Converter Clutch Break-In Procedure (CONCORDE, Intrepid & 300M)
        • Description
        • Break-In Procedure
      • Transmission Shift Quality Quick Learn Procedure (DAKOTA - 4.7L, DURANGO - 4.7L & Ram Pickup 1500 - 4.7L)
      • Transaxle Shift Quality Quick Learn Procedure
      • Vehicle DRIVEABILITY Computer Relearn Procedure
    • Ford Motor Co.
      • Notes
      • Control Module Programming
        • Notes
        • Programmable Module Installation Procedure
        • Steering Column Lock Actuator Module Parameter Reset (LS - Manual Transmission Only)
      • Customer Preferences
      • Instrument Cluster Programming
        • Notes
        • Instrument Cluster Programming Procedure "A"
        • Instrument Cluster Programming Procedure "B"
        • Security Access Procedure
      • Power Sliding Door Initialization (WINDSTAR Only)
      • Programming Powertrain Control Module (All Models)
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Flash Vehicle Identification (VID) Block Procedure
      • Rear Ride Height Initializing Procedure (BLACKWOOD Only)
        • Calibration Procedure
    • General Motors (Cars)
      • Notes
      • Crankshaft Position Sensor System Variation Learn Procedure
        • Alero, Aurora - 4.0L, Bonneville, Cavalier - 2.2L, Century, Corvette, Deville, Eldorado, Grand Am, Grand Prix, Impala, LeSabre, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Park Avenue, Regal, Seville & Sunfire - 2.2L
        • Camaro & Firebird - 3.8L
        • Camaro & Firebird - 5.7L
        • Cavalier & Sunfire - 2.4L
        • Intrigue - 3.5L
        • Saturn - 1.9L
        • Saturn - 2.2L
      • Engine Control Module
        • Saturn - 3.0L
      • Idle Air Control Valve Learn Procedure
        • Deville, Eldorado & Seville
      • Powertrain Control Module
        • Alero - 2.2L, Cavalier, Grand Am - 2.2L, Saturn - 1.9L & Sunfire
        • Remote Programming (Alero - 3.4L, Aurora, Bonneville, Camaro, Century, Deville, Eldorado, Firebird, Grand Am, Grand Prix, Impala, Intrigue, LeSabre, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Park Avenue, Regal & Seville)
        • Off-Board Programming (Alero - 3.4L, Aurora, Bonneville, Camaro, Century, Deville, Eldorado, Firebird, Grand Am, Grand Prix, Impala, Intrigue, LeSabre, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Park Avenue, Regal & Seville)
        • Remote Programming (Corvette)
        • Off-Board Programming (Corvette)
      • Theft Deterrent System Components
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Alero, Cavalier, Century, Corvette, Grand Am, Impala, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Regal & Sunfire)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Alero, Cavalier, Century, Corvette, Grand Am, Impala, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Regal & Sunfire)
        • Set Up A New Theft Deterrent Control Module (Aurora, Bonneville, Deville, Eldorado, Intrigue, LeSabre, Park Avenue & Seville)
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Aurora, Bonneville, Deville, Eldorado, Intrigue, LeSabre, Park Avenue & Seville)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Aurora, Bonneville, Deville, Eldorado, Intrigue, LeSabre, Park Avenue & Seville)
        • Passlock™ Anti-Theft Seed & Key Method (Saturn - 1.9L)
        • Passlock™ Anti-Theft Auto Learn Method (Saturn - 1.9L)
        • Auto Learn Method (Saturn - 2.2L & 3.0L)
        • Saturn Service Stall Method (Saturn - 2.2L & 3.0L)
      • Throttle Body Relearn Procedure
        • Saturn - 3.0L
      • Throttle Position Sensor Learn Procedure
        • Deville, Eldorado & Seville
    • General Motors (Trucks & Vans)
      • Notes
      • Crankshaft Position Sensor System Variation Learn Procedure
        • Avalanche, Astro, Aztek, Blazer, Bravada, Cab & Chassis - 8.1L, Chevy Express - 4.3L, 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, Montana, Rendezvous, RV Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, S10 Pickup, Safari, Savana - 4.3L, 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Camper Special -5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Sierra - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Silhouette, Silverado - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Sonoma, Suburban, Tahoe, Trailblazer, Venture, Yukon & Yukon XL
        • Vue - 2.2L
      • Engine Control Module Programming
        • Remote Programming (Sierra & Silverado - 6.6L)
        • Off-Board Programming (Sierra & Silverado - 6.6L)
        • Vue - 2.2L
        • Vue - 3.0L
      • Fuel Injection Pump Top Dead Center Offset Adjustment
        • Learning A TDC Offset (Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L)
      • Glow Plug System Relearn Procedure
        • Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L
      • Powertrain Control Module
        • Remote Programming (Avalanche, Astro, Aztek, Blazer, Bravada, Cab & Chassis - 8.1L, Chevy Express - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, Montana, Rendezvous, RV Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, S10 Pickup - 4.3L, Safari, Savana - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Camper Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Sierra - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Silhouette, Silverado - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Sonoma - 4.3L, Suburban, Tahoe, Trailblazer, Venture, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • Off-Board Programming (Avalanche, Astro, Aztek, Blazer, Bravada, Cab & Chassis - 8.1L, Chevy Express - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, Montana, Rendezvous, RV Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, S10 Pickup - 4.3L, Safari, Savana - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Camper Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Sierra - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Silhouette, Silverado - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Sonoma - 4.3L, Suburban, Tahoe, Trailblazer, Venture, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • PCM Programming (Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L)
        • Programming TDC Offset (Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L)
        • PCM Programming (S10 Pickup - 2.2L, Sonoma - 2.2L & Tracker)
      • Theft Deterrent System Components
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Avalanche, Astro, Blazer, Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, RV Cutaway, S10 Pickup, Safari, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special, Sierra, Silverado, Sonoma, Suburban, Tahoe, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Avalanche, Astro, Blazer, Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, RV Cutaway, S10 Pickup, Safari, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special, Sierra, Silverado, Sonoma, Suburban, Tahoe, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • Set Up a New Theft Deterrent Control Module (Aztek, Montana, Rendezvous, Silhouette & Venture)
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Aztek, Montana, Rendezvous, Silhouette & Venture)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Aztek, Montana, Rendezvous, Silhouette & Venture)
        • 10 Minute Learn Procedure With Standard Key (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • 30 Minute Learn Procedure With Standard Key (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • Procedure To Set Up New Theft Deterrent Control Module With Transponder Key (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • 10 Minute Re-Learn Procedure (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • Auto Learn Method (Vue)
        • Saturn Service Stall Method (Vue)
      • Throttle Body Relearn Procedure
        • Vue - 3.0L
    • Jeep
      • Drive Learn Procedure (Grand CHEROKEE & Liberty)
        • Notes
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1st Neutral To Drive Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Drive Garage Shift
        • Procedure To Learn The 1st 2-3 Shift After A Restart Or Shift To Reverse
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 2-3 & 3-4 Upshift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-3 Coastdown & Part Throttle 4-3 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1-2 Upshift & 3-2 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Manual 2-1 Pulldown Shift As Well As A Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-5 Upshift for 545RFE
      • Powertrain Control Module Programming
        • Notes
        • Updating Secret Key Data
      • Sentry Key Immobilizer Module Programming
      • Programming Ignition Keys To Sentry Key Immobilizer Module
        • Using Scan Tool
        • Using Customer Learn Method
      • Shift Quality Quick-Learn Procedure (Grand CHEROKEE & Liberty)
        • Overview
        • Quick-Learn Procedure
  • Driveline/Axles
    • Drive Axle Noise Diagnosis - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Unrelated Noises
      • Non-Drive Axle Noises
      • Gear Noise
      • Chuckle
      • Knock
      • Clunk
      • Bearing Whine
      • Bearing Rumble
      • Chatter On Turns
      • Axle Shaft Noise
      • Vibration
    • Gear Tooth Contact Patterns - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Inspection
        • Notes
        • Gear Tooth Contact Pattern
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Gear Backlash & Pinion Shim Changes
    • Map - Drive Train & Transmission
      • Drive Train & Transmission Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Drivetrain And Transmission
        • Notes
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Automatic Transmission / Transaxle Assemblies/CVTS
        • Automatic Transmission Fluid
        • Axles
        • Bearings And Races
        • Bell Cranks
        • Bell Housings
        • Bushings (External)
        • Cables (Speedometer)
        • Cables (TV, Detent And Shift)
        • Carrier Bearings
        • Clutch Cables And Cable Housings
        • Clutch Discs (Manual Transmissions)
        • Clutch Forks
        • Clutch Linkages (Mechanical)
        • Clutch Master Cylinders
        • Clutch Pedals
        • Clutch Pivots
        • Clutch Pressure Plates
        • Clutch Release Bearings
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Concentric)
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Conventional Or External)
        • Companion Flanges
        • Connectors
        • Cooler Bypass Valves
        • Cooler Lines
        • Coolers
        • CV Joints
        • Differential And Final Drive Assemblies
        • Differential Fluid
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks (Fluid Level Indicators)
        • Dowel Pins, Guides And Pilot Holes
        • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Drive Shaft Flanges
        • Drive Shafts And Half Shafts
        • Dust Boots
        • Engine Mounts
        • Exciter Rings
        • Filler Tubes
        • Filters And Screens
        • Flanges
        • Flex Plates
        • Fluid Level Indicators
        • Fluids And Lubricants
        • Flywheels
        • Force Motors
        • Gaskets
        • Guides
        • Half Shafts
        • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
        • Housings (Bell, Case, Tail(Extension) And Auxiliary)
        • Hydraulic Fluid
        • Intermediate Shaft Support Bearings
        • Key Interlock Systems
        • Limited Slips
        • Lines
        • Linkages (External)
        • Locking Hub Assemblies
        • Locking Hub Control Knobs
        • Lubricants
        • Manual Transmission Fluid
        • Manual Transmission/Transaxle Assemblies
        • Metal Clad Seals
        • METALASTIC Joints
        • Modulator Pins
        • Modulators
        • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
        • Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Oil Pans
        • Pans
        • Pilot Holes
        • Pressure Plates
        • Pressure Switches
        • Races
        • Rubber Joints (METALASTIC)
        • Screens
        • Seals (Metal Clad)
        • Seals
        • Selector Interlock Systems
        • Sensors
        • Servos
        • Shift Interlock Systems (Selector And Key Interlock Systems)
        • Side Covers
        • Slip Yokes
        • Solenoids
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Speedometer- Driven Gear Housing
        • Speedometer/Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Speedometer/Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Speedometers/Odometers (Electronic)
        • Switches
        • Tone Wheels
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Torque Converters
        • Transaxle Mounts
        • Transducers (Transmission)
        • Transfer Case Assemblies
        • Transfer Case Fluid
        • Transmission Coolers
        • Transmission Mounts
        • Transmission Pans
        • Transmission Range Indicators (PRNDL)
        • Tubes
        • Universal Joints (CARDAN Or Cross Type)
        • Vacuum Controls
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Vacuum Motors
        • Vacuum-Operated Switches
        • Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Vents
        • Vibration Dampers
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Speed Sensors
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
        • Yokes And Slip Yokes
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Trouble Shooting - Clutches - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • All Models
  • DTC Index
    • A/C-Heater Systems DTCS
    • Air Bag Restraint Systems DTCS
    • Anti-Lock Brakes DTCS
    • Anti-Theft Systems (Pats) DTCS
    • Audio Control Module
    • AUTOLAMP Systems DTCS
    • Automatic Transmission Electronic Controls Diagnosis DTCS
    • Electric Cooling Fans DTCS
    • Evaporative Emissions DTCS
    • Instrument Panel DTCS
      • Instrument Panel - Natural Gas/NGV Module
      • Instrument Panel - Electronic
    • Lighting DTCS
      • Headlamps
      • AUTOLAMPS
      • STOPLAMPS
      • Turn Signal, Cornering And Hazard Lamps
      • Parking, Rear And License Lamps
    • Module Communications Network DTCS
    • Power Windows DTCS
    • Rear Window Defoggers DTCS
    • Self-Diagnostics DTCS
    • Steering Column Switches DTCS
  • Electrical
    • Map - Electrical Systems
      • Electrical Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Actuator Motors (Electric)
        • Actuator Motors (Vacuum)
        • Air Bags
        • Alternators And Generators
        • Amplifiers
        • Antennas
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Cables
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belts
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
        • Cd Players
        • Cigarette Lighter Assemblies
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Clutch Switches
        • Connectors
        • Control Modules
        • Cruise Control Brake Switches
        • Cruise Control Cables
        • Cruise Control Clutch Switches
        • Cruise Control Linkages And Cables
        • Cruise Control Reservoirs
        • Cruise Control Tubes
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Dump Release Valves
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And
        • Cruise Control Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Defoggers
        • Defrosters
        • Delays
        • Dimmers
        • Electric Heaters
        • Equalizers
        • Fuse Blocks
        • Fuse Boxes And Blocks
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gauges
        • Generators
        • Ground Cables And Straps
        • Ground Straps
        • Headlight Adjusters
        • Heating Elements (Defrosters, Defoggers, Electric Heaters And Seats)
        • Horns And Sirens
        • Ignition Switches
        • Indicator Lights
        • Keyless Entry Keypads And Transmitters
        • Keyless Entry Transmitters
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Microphones
        • Mirrors (ELECTROCHROMATIC And Heated)
        • Motors
        • Neutral Safety Switches
        • Odometers, Speedometers And Tachometers (Cable Driven)
        • Odometers
        • Power Distribution Center
        • Pulleys
        • Receivers, Amplifiers, Equalizers And Sub-Woofer Volume Controls
        • Relay Boxes
        • Relays
        • Sealed Beams
        • Seat Heaters
        • Security Alarm Sensors
        • Sirens
        • Solenoids
        • Speakers And Microphones
        • Speedometer And Tachometer Linkages And Cables
        • Speedometer Cables
        • Speedometers
        • Starters
        • Sub-Woofer Volume Control
        • Switches
        • Tachometer Cables
        • Tachometers
        • Tape Players And Cd Players
        • TENSIONERS
        • Timers
        • Transceivers
        • Transducers
        • Vacuum Accumulators (Reservoirs)
        • Voltage Regulators
        • Washer Fluid Level Senders
        • Washer Pumps
        • Wiper Arms And Blades
        • Wiper Blades
        • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
        • Wiper Linkages
        • Wiper Nozzles
        • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Battery, Starting & Charging System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
  • Engine
    • Engine Overhaul Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Engine Identification
      • Inspection Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Magnetic Particle Inspection
          • Notes
          • Magnaflux & Magnaglo
        • Penetrant Inspection
          • Notes
          • Zyglo
          • Dye Check
        • Ultrasonic Inspection
        • X-Ray Inspection
        • Pressure Testing
      • Cleaning Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Bead Blasting
        • Chemical Cleaning
      • Component Cleaning
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Sheet Metal Parts
        • Intake & Exhaust Manifolds
      • Cylinder Head Replacement
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Installation
        • Valve Adjustment
      • Cylinder Head Overhaul
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cylinder Head Disassembly
        • Cylinder Head Cleaning & Inspection
        • Valve Springs
        • Valve Guide
          • Notes
          • Measuring Valve Guide Clearance
          • Reaming Valve Guide
          • Replacing Valve Guide
        • Valves & Valve Seats
          • Notes
          • Valve Grinding
          • Valve Lapping
          • Valve Seat Grinding
          • Valve Seat Replacement
          • Valve Seat Concentricity
        • Cylinder Head Reassembly
          • Notes
          • Valve Stem Installed Height
        • Valve Stem Oil Seals
          • Notes
          • Replacement (On-Vehicle)
        • Valve Spring Installed Height
        • Rocker Arms & Assemblies
          • Notes
          • Rocker Studs
          • Rocker Arms & Shafts
        • Push Rods
        • Lifters
          • Notes
          • Hydraulic Lifters
          • Mechanical Lifters
      • Pistons, Connecting Rods & Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Ridge Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Cleaning
          • Inspection
        • Piston & Cylinder Bore Fit
        • Assembling Piston & Connecting Rod
        • Checking Piston Ring Clearances
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Installation
        • Connecting Rod Side Clearance
        • Main & Connecting Rod Bearing Clearance
          • Notes
          • Plastigage Method
          • Micrometer & Telescopic Gauge Method
      • Crankshaft & Main Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Installation
        • Crankshaft End Play
          • Notes
          • Dial Indicator Method
          • Feeler Gauge Method
        • Cylinder Block
          • Notes
          • Block Cleaning
          • Block Inspection
          • Cylinder Bore Inspection
          • Cylinder Honing
          • Deck Warpage
          • Deck Height
          • Main Bearing Bore & Alignment
          • Expansion Plug Removal
          • Expansion Plug Installation
          • Oil Gallery Plug Removal
          • Oil Gallery Plug Installation
      • Camshaft
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Camshaft Bearings
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Camshaft Installation
        • Camshaft End Play
      • Timing Chains & Belts
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Chains
        • Timing Belts
        • Tension Adjustment
      • Timing Gears
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Gear Backlash & RUNOUT
        • Rear Main Oil Seal Installation
          • Notes
          • One-Piece Type Seal
          • Rope Type Seal
          • Split-Rubber Type Seal
      • Oil Pump
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Rotor Type
        • Gear Type
      • Break-In Procedure
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Engine Pre-Oiling
        • Initial Start-Up
        • Camshaft
        • Piston Rings
        • Final Adjustments
    • Engine System - General Information
      • Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Engine
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s) & Materials
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
            • Engine Oil Leaks
            • Engine Oil Leaks - Fluorescent Oil Additive Method
            • Leakage Points - Underhood
            • Leakage Points - Under Engine - With Vehicle On Hoist
            • Leakage Points - With Transmission & Flywheel Removed
          • Compression Test - Compression Gauge Check
            • Notes
            • Compression Test - Test Results
            • Compression Test - Interpreting Compression Readings
          • Cylinder Leakage Detection
          • Oil Consumption Test
          • Intake Manifold Vacuum Test
            • Notes
            • Intake Manifold Vacuum Test - Interpreting Vacuum Gauge Readings
          • Excessive Engine Oil Consumption
            • Notes
            • Oil Pressure Test
          • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off - Valve Cover Removed
            • Notes
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Rocker Arm
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Camshaft Roller Followers & Hydraulic Lash Adjusters, Overhead Camshaft
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Camshaft - Engines
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Push Rods
            • Valve Train Analysis - Valve Springs
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Valve Spring Retainer & Valve Spring Retainer Keys
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Valves & Cylinder Head
          • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Running
            • Notes
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Running, Valves & Cylinder Head
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Running, Camshaft Lobe Lift - OHC Engines
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Running, Camshaft Lobe Lift - Push Rod Engine
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Running, Valve Tappet
      • General Procedures
        • Sprockets
        • Rocker Arms - Cleaning
        • Rocker Arms - Inspection
        • Push Rods - Cleaning
        • Push Rods - Inspection
        • Camshaft Journal - Diameter
        • Camshaft Journal - Clearance, Push Rod Engines, Micrometer Method
        • Camshaft Journal - Clearance, PLASTIGAGE Method
        • Camshaft - End Play, Push Rod Engines
        • Camshaft - End Play, OHC Engines
        • Camshaft - Lobe Surface
        • Camshaft - Lobe Lift
        • Camshaft - RUNOUT
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Diameter
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Taper
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Clearance
        • Crankshaft - End Play
        • Crankshaft - RUNOUT
        • Crankshaft - Connecting Rod Journal Taper, Out Of Round
        • Cylinder Bore - Taper
        • Cylinder Bore - Out-Of-Round
        • Piston - Inspection
        • Piston - Pin-To-Bore Diameter
        • Piston - Diameter
        • Piston-To-Cylinder Bore Clearance
        • Piston - Selection
        • Piston - Ring End Gap
        • Piston - Ring-To-Groove Clearance
        • Piston - Pin Diameter
        • Connecting Rod - Cleaning
        • Connecting Rod - Large End Bore
        • Connecting Rod - Bushing Diameter
        • Connecting Rod - Bend
        • Connecting Rod - Twist
        • Connecting Rod - Piston Pin Side Clearance
        • Connecting Rod - Bearing Journal Clearance
        • Roller Follower - Inspection
          • Push Rod Engines
          • OHC Engines
        • Valve Tappet - Inspection
          • Push Rod Engines
          • OHC Engines
        • Valve Stem Diameter
        • Valve Stem-To-Valve Guide Clearance
        • Valve - Inspection
        • Valve Guide Inner Diameter
        • Valve Guide Reaming
        • Valve - Spring Installed Length
        • Valve Spring Free Length
        • Valve Spring Squareness
        • Valve Spring Strength
        • Valve Seat Inspection
          • Valve & Seat Refacing Measurements
        • Valve Seat Width
        • Valve Seat RUNOUT
        • Cylinder Head - Distortion
        • Cylinder Bore - Cleaning
        • Cylinder Block Core Plug Replacement
          • Notes
          • Cup Type
          • Expansion Type
        • Spark Plug - Inspection
        • Exhaust Manifold - Inspection
        • Bearing - Inspection
    • General Cooling System Service - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Maintenance
        • Draining
        • Flushing
          • Notes
          • Radiator
          • Engine Block
        • Refilling
      • Testing
        • Thermostat
        • Pressure Testing
          • Notes
          • Radiator Cap
          • Cooling System
  • Engine Performance
    • Electrostatic Discharge Warning - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Introduction
      • Handling Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
      • Checking Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
    • Engine Performance Diagnostic Routine Outline - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Where Does DRIVEABILITY Diagnosis Start?
        • Perform Basic Inspection
        • Check For Trouble Codes
        • Diagnose Symptom
        • Test System
    • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
      • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
    • Map - Engine Performance & Maintenance
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance (Including Exhaust Systems)
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Engine Performance & Maintenance CHECKSHEET
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance
        • Notes
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor
        • Accessory Belts
        • Accessory Pulleys
        • Air Conditioning Cycling Switches
        • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensors
        • Air Ducts And Tubes
        • Air Filter Elements
        • Air Filter Gaskets
        • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
        • Air Fuel Ratio Sensors
        • Air Injection Control Solenoids
        • Air Plenums
        • Air Pump Belts
        • Air Pumps (Electric Driven)
        • Air Tubes
        • Aspirator, Check And DECEL Valves
        • Baffles
        • Ballast Primary Supply Resistor Wires
        • Ballast Resistors And Primary Supply Resistors
        • Barometric Pressure Sensors
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Connectors
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
        • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
        • Belt-Driven Air Pumps
        • Boost Control Mechanism
        • Camshaft Position Sensors
        • Carburetors And Chokes
        • Casting Core Plugs And Expansion Plugs
        • Charge Air Coolers ""INTERCOOLERS"" (CAC)
        • Check Valves
        • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Chokes
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switches
        • Cold Start Injectors
        • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
        • Connectors
        • Coolant Recovery Tanks
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Motor Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Relays And Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Resistors
        • Cooling Fan Motor Sensors And Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motor Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Crankshaft Position Sensors
        • Cylinder Deactivation Solenoid
        • Cylinder Head Assemblies
        • DECEL Valves
        • Deflectors
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks And Tubes
        • Distributor Advances And Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Boots And Shields
        • Distributor Caps
        • Distributor Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Rotors
        • Distributor Shields
        • Distributors
        • Early Fuel Evaporation Valves (Heat Riser Assemblies)
        • EGR Coolers
        • EGR Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Intake And Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Plates And Coolers
        • Electronic Spark Control Modules
        • Electronic Transmission Control Devices
        • Electronic Transmission Feedback Devices
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensors
        • Engine Cooling Systems
        • Engine Covers (Oil Pan, Valve Cover, Timing Cover)
        • Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Engine Oil Canisters
        • Engine Oil Coolers (External)
        • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
        • Engine Oil Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Pressure Gauges (Mechanical)
        • Engine Oil
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Filters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Purge Devices
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canisters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Feedback Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Feedback Devices
        • Expansion Plugs
        • Fan Control Sensor
        • Fuel Accumulators And Dampers
        • Fuel And Cold Start Injectors
        • Fuel Caps
        • Fuel Dampers
        • Fuel Delivery Check Valves
        • Fuel Distributors (BOSCH Cis)
        • Fuel Filler Necks And RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel Filters
        • Fuel Injector Cleaning
        • Fuel Injectors
        • Fuel Level Senders
        • Fuel Pressure Regulators
        • Fuel Pumps (In-Tank, External, Electrical Or Mechanical)
        • Fuel Rails
        • Fuel RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel System Cleaning Service
        • Fuel Tanks
        • Fuel
        • Gaskets
        • Grommets (Valve Cover)
        • Harmonic Dampers
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Hose Clamps
        • Hose Connectors
        • Hose Couplers
        • Hoses And Tube Couplers, Connectors And Clamps
        • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
        • Housings
        • Idle Air Controls
        • Idle Speed Control Actuators
        • Ignition Boots
        • Ignition Coil Towers
        • Ignition Coils
        • Ignition Control Modules (ICM)
        • Ignition Switches
        • Ignition Terminals
        • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
        • Inertia Fuel Shut-Off Switches
        • Intake Air Temperature Sensors
        • Intake Cleaning
        • Intake Manifolds
        • In-Tank Fuel Strainers
        • INTERCOOLERS
        • Knock Sensors
        • Liquid Vapor Separators
        • Long Block Assemblies
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensors
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensors
        • Metal Air Manifolds And Pipes
        • Metal Air Pipes
        • Mix Control Solenoids
        • Motor Mounts
        • O2 Sensors
        • Oil Pans
        • Oil Pressure Sending Units
        • Oil Pump Pick-Up Screens
        • Oil Pumps
        • O-Rings, Gaskets, Seals And Spring Locks
        • Park Neutral Position Switches
        • PCV Breather Elements
        • PCV Orifices
        • PCV Valves
        • Pick-Up Assemblies (Includes Magnetic, Hall Effect And Optical)
        • Power Steering Pressure Sensors
        • Powertrain Control Modules (Pcm) And Prom
        • Powertrain Control Prom
        • Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Blades
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiators
        • Roll Over Valves
        • Sealing Compounds
        • Seals
        • Secondary Air Injection System Management Devices
        • Sensors
        • Short Block Assemblies
        • Shrouds, Baffles And Deflectors
        • Spark Plugs
        • Spring Locks
        • Super Chargers
        • Switches
        • Thermal Vacuum Valves
        • Thermostatic Air Door Assemblies
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Throttle Bodies
        • Throttle Body Cleaning
        • Throttle Cables
        • Throttle Linkages And Cables
        • Throttle Position Sensors
        • Throttle Position Switches
        • Timing Belt Sprockets
        • Timing Belts
        • Timing Covers
        • Torque Struts
        • Transmission Range Switches
        • Tube Clamps
        • Tube Connectors
        • Tube Couplers
        • Tubes
        • Turbo Chargers
        • Vacuum Connections
        • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
        • Vacuum Regulator Solenoids
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valve Covers
        • Vehicle Speed Senors
        • Volume Air Flow Sensors
        • Waste Gate And Boost Control Mechanisms
        • Waste Gate Control Solenoids
        • Water Pumps (Electric)
        • Water Pumps (Non-Electric)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Parasitic Load Explanation & Test Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • General Information
      • Testing For Parasitic Load
        • Notes
        • CHRYSLER Ignition Off Draw (IOD) Test
        • Test Procedure Using Test Switch
        • Intermittent Parasitic Load Problems
        • Diode Check & Solenoid Test
        • Quad Driver Test
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
    • Waveforms - Injector Pattern Tutorial - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose Of This Article
        • Notes
        • Scope Of This Article
      • Is A Lab Scope Necessary?
        • Introduction
        • Overview Of NOID Light
          • Notes
          • Use the Right Noid Light
        • Overview Of DVOM
          • Notes
          • Checking Injector Resistance
          • Checking Available Voltage At the Injector
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Built-In Function
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Dwell Or Duty
          • How A Duty Cycle Meter and Dwell Meter Work
          • Strengths of Dwell/Duty Meter
          • Weaknesses of Dwell/Duty Meter
      • The Two Types Of Injector Drivers
        • Notes
        • Overview
        • Voltage Controlled Circuit ("Saturated Switch")
        • Current Controlled Circuit ("Peak & Hold")
      • The Two Ways Injector Circuits Are Wired
      • Interpreting Injector Waveforms
        • Notes
        • Interpreting A Voltage Controlled Pattern
        • Interpreting A Current Controlled Pattern
      • Current Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
      • Voltage Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
  • Map - Exhaust Systems
    • Exhaust Systems
      • Notes
      • Map Standards Of Service
      • The Map Process - Overview
      • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Catalytic Converters
      • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
      • Exhaust Connections
      • Hangers
      • Heat Risers (Mechanical EFE Devices)
      • Heat Shields
      • Manifolds (Cast And Tube Type)
      • Mechanical EFE Devices
      • Muffler Valve
      • Mufflers And Resonators
    • Reason Code Explanation
  • Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
    • Map - Heating, Ventilation, & Air Conditioning
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accumulators
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Air Conditioning Fittings
        • Air Conditioning Hoses
        • Air Conditioning Metal Lines
        • Air Control Doors
        • Air Dams (External)
        • Air Distribution System
        • Belts
        • Blend Doors
        • Blower Fans (Blower Wheel Or Squirrel Cage)
        • Blower Motors
        • Blower Resistors
        • Blower Switches
        • Cabin Air Filters
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Compressor Clutch Assemblies
        • Compressors
        • Condenser Air Seals
        • Condenser Fan Motors
        • Condensers
        • Connectors
        • Control Cables
        • Control Heads (Function Selectors)
        • Control Linkages
        • Control Modules
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Blades
        • Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Evaporator Drain Tubes
        • Evaporator Filters
        • Evaporator Pressure Regulators (EPRS)
        • Evaporators
        • Expansion Valves
        • Function Selectors
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gaskets
        • Heater Cases
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Heater Hoses
        • High Pressure Relief Valves (HPRV)
        • Idlers
        • In-Line Filters
        • Metal Fittings
        • Metal Lines
        • Mix And Air Control Doors (Blend Doors)
        • ORIFACE Tubes
        • O-Rings
        • Pilot-Operated Absolutes (POAS)
        • Plenums
        • Pressure Control Valves
        • Pressure Sensors
        • Pulleys
        • Radiators
        • Receiver-DRIERS
        • Refrigerant Oil
        • Refrigerant
        • Relays
        • Seals
        • Service Ports
        • Spring Lock Couplings
        • Suction Throttling Valves (STVS)
        • Switches (Electrical)
        • TENSIONERS
        • Thermistors And Pressure Sensors
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
        • Vacuum Reservoirs
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valves In Receiver (VIRS)
        • Water Pumps (Electric Auxiliary)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Identification
    • CANADIAN Model Cross-Reference
      • * Please Read This First *
      • ACURA
      • ASUNA
      • AUDI
      • BMW
      • CHRYSLER Corp.
        • CHRYSLER
        • Dodge
        • Eagle
        • PLYMOUTH
      • General Motors
        • BUICK
        • CHEVROLET
        • GMC
        • OLDSMOBILE
        • Optima
        • PONTIAC
      • HYUNDAI
      • Jaguar
      • KIA
      • MAZDA
      • MERCEDES-BENZ
      • Mercury
      • MERKUR
      • MITSUBISHI
      • NISSAN
      • RENAULT
      • SATURN
      • Smart
      • SUBARU
      • SUZUKI
      • TOYOTA
      • VOLKSWAGEN
      • VOLVO
      • All Others
  • Metric Conversions
    • Engine Displacement Conversion Table - ECAT
      • Conversion Table
    • Metric Conversions
      • Metric Conversions
        • Notes
        • Length
        • Volume
        • Torque
        • Pressure
      • Conversion Factors
  • OEM General Information
    • How To Use The Engine Performance Section
      • * Please Read This First *
      • How To Use The Engine Performance Section
      • Application
        • Notes
        • Introduction/Engine/VIN Id
      • Emission Applications
        • Notes
        • Emission Application Tables
      • Specifications
        • Notes
        • Service & Adjustment Specifications
      • Adjustment
        • Notes
        • On-Vehicle Adjustments
      • Theory & Operation
      • Testing & Diagnostics
        • Notes
        • Basic Diagnostic Procedures/Basic Testing
        • Self-Diagnostics/Tests W/Codes
        • Trouble Shooting - No Codes/Tests W/O Codes
        • System & Component Testing
      • Pin Voltage Charts
      • Sensor Range Charts
        • Notes
        • Sensor Operating Range Charts
      • Vacuum Hose Diagram(S)
      • Removal, Overhaul & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams - Engine Performance
        • Notes
        • 2002 & Earlier
        • 2003 & Later
  • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
    • A/C Filter Service Reminder
      • Notes
      • A/C Filter Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder
      • Notes
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Oil Life Reset - Base Instrument Cluster
        • Oil Life Reset - Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
        • Non-Hybrid
        • Hybrid
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
        • Owner's Manual 1
        • Owner's Manual 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 11
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 12
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 13
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 14
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 15
        • Base Message Center
        • Uplevel Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 16
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 17
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 18
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 19
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 20
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 21
        • Notes
        • Without Message Center
        • With Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 22
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 23
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 24
        • Path 1
        • Path 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 25
        • Base Cluster
        • High Series Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 26
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 2.3 Inch Screen/4.2 Inch Screen
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 8 Inch Screen
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 27
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 28
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Overhead Warning Lights)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Sri)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (VMM)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Tire Pressure Monitor System Reminder
      • Notes
      • Tire Pressure Sensor Types
        • Notes
        • Banded Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Bolt-On Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Snap-In Sensor
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
        • Notes
        • Vehicles With Message Center
        • Vehicles Without Message Center
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
        • Notes
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Single Rear Wheel
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Dual Rear Wheel
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
        • Overview
        • Carrying Out the System Reset Procedure
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 2.3" information display, scroll to:
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 4.2" information display, scroll to:
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
  • Specifications Index
    • Common Specs & Procedures
      • Specifications Index
  • Steering
    • Map - Steering, Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels & Tires
      • Steering & Suspension Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Wheel And Tire
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
      • Steering & Suspension CHECKSHEET
      • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
      • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
        • Notes
        • Active Handling
        • Active Suspension Control Modules
        • Active Variable Ratio Steering
        • Active Yaw Control
        • Adaptive Cruise Control
        • Advance TRAC
        • Air Bags
        • Air Ride Control Modules
        • Air Ride Suspension Torsion Springs (Counter Balancing)
        • Air Ride Suspension
        • Air Ride Tubes
        • Air Shocks And Air Struts
        • Air Spring Valves
        • Air Springs
        • Air Suspension Control Valves
        • Air Suspension DRIERS
        • Axle Acceleration Sensor
        • Ball Joints
        • Body Acceleration Sensor
        • Bushings
        • Center Links
        • Compressors
        • Continuous Damping Control
        • Control Arm Shafts
        • Control Arms
        • Control Modules
        • Distance Regulation Control Module
        • Distance Regulation Sensor
        • Drag Links
        • Dynamic Stability Control
        • Dynamic Stability Traction Control
        • Electronic Ride Control Shocks And Struts
        • Electronic Stability Control
        • Electronic Suspension System
        • Flex Couplers
        • Gaskets
        • Height Sensors
        • Hydraulic Hoses
        • Hydraulic Power Steering Pumps
        • Hydraulic Suspension Hoses
        • Hydraulic Suspension Pumps
        • Idler Arms
        • Intermediate Shaft U-Joints
        • King Pins
        • Modules
        • Pitman Arms
        • Power Steering Belts
        • Power Steering Coolers
        • Power Steering Fluid
        • Power Steering Hoses
        • Power Steering Lines (Steel)
        • Power Steering Pumps - Electric
        • Power Steering Pumps
        • Radar Sensor
        • Radius Arms
        • Relay Rods
        • Relays
        • Sensors
        • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
        • Spindles
        • Springs, Coil, Leaf And Torsion Bars
        • STABILITRAC
        • Stability Management System
        • Steering Angle Sensor
        • Steering Arms
        • Steering Couplers
        • Steering Dampers
        • Steering Gears (Except Rack And Pinion)
        • Steering Gears, Rack And Pinion
        • Steering Knuckles
        • Strike Out Bumpers
        • Strut Bearing Plate Assemblies
        • Strut Rods
        • Suspension Pumps (Hydraulic)
        • Sway Bar Links
        • Sway Bar Mounting Bushings
        • Sway Bars
        • Switches
        • Tie Rod Ends (Inner And Outer)
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
        • Tire Pressure Sensors
        • Tires
        • Torque Sensor
        • Torsion Springs
        • Track Bar Bushings
        • Track Bars
        • Trailing Arm Bushings
        • Trailing Arms
        • Valve Stems
        • Vehicle Dynamics Control
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor
        • Vehicle Stability Assist
        • Vehicle Stability/Skid Control
        • Warning Lamps
        • Wheel Alignment
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheels (Rims)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Steering System - General Information
      • Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Steering System
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles Of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
        • EVO Steering Diagnosis - Without Air Suspension
        • EVO Steering Diagnosis - With Air Suspension
        • EVO Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Air Suspension Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The EVO Control Module
          • Pinpoint Test B: No Communication With The Air Suspension Control Module
          • Pinpoint Test C: Unable To Enter Auto Test - EVO Control Module
          • Pinpoint Test D: Unable To Enter Auto Test - Air Suspension Control Module
          • Pinpoint Test E: DTC 16 - EVO Actuator Shorted, DTC 17 - EVO Actuator Shorted Or Open, Or DTC 18 - EVO Actuator Resistance Out Of Range
          • Pinpoint Test F: DTC 27 - EVO Actuator Circuit Open
          • Pinpoint Test G: DTC 28 - EVO Actuator Circuit Shorted
          • Pinpoint Test H: DTC 29 - EVO Actuator Circuit High Side Shorted To Ground
          • Pinpoint Test I: DTC 30 - EVO Actuator Circuit Shorted To Battery
          • Pinpoint Test J: DTC 31 - EVO Actuator Circuit Low Side Shorted To Ground
          • Pinpoint Test K: DTC 33 - Steering Rotation Not Detected
          • Pinpoint Test L: DTC 35 - Vehicle Speed Above 24 Km/h (15 mph) Not Detected
          • Pinpoint Test M: DTC 74 - Steering Rotation Not Detected
        • Component Tests
          • Steering Linkage
          • Sector Shaft Arm Inspection - Backlash
          • Pump Flow & Pressure Test
          • Turning Effort Test
          • Steering Gear Valve
      • General Procedures
        • System Flushing
        • Purging
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Fill
        • MESHLOAD Adjustment
          • Special Tool(s)
    • Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Pre-Alignment Instructions
        • Notes
        • General Alignment Checks
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Camber
        • Caster
        • Toe-In Adjustment
        • Toe-Out On Turns
        • Steering Axis Inclination
  • Traction Control Disable Procedures
    • Traction Control Disable
  • Trouble Shooting - Manual Transmission - General Information
    • * Please Read This First *
    • Introduction
• Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
  • A/C Compressor
    • HVAC Systems - Compressor Servicing
      • Ford FS-10 10-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch & Clutch Field Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Ford SC115 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • General Motors DELPHI-Thermal (HARRISON) CVC- 6/CVC-7, Hd6/Ht6/HU6, Hd6/Hr-6HE 6, V5 & V7.
        • Compressor Clutch Plate & Hub Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Control Valve (Variable Displacement Compressors Only)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Clutch Rotor/Bearing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • High Pressure Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Identifying Compressor Components
        • Shaft Seal
      • MITSUBISHI ASTT
      • MITSUBISHI Scroll
      • NIPPONDENSO 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • NIPPONDENSO 10S15/10S17/10S20
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • NIPPONDENSO 10PA17 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Removal (Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (Grand Cherokee)
        • Shaft Seal
      • SANDEN Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal & Installation (General Motors)
      • SANDEN SD-7H15 7-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal (All Models)
          • Installation (Cherokee)
          • Installation (Dakota, Durango & Ram Pickup)
      • SANDEN TRS-90 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • SANDEN TRS-105 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • ZEXEL (SATURN - Variable Displacement Type)
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal ("S" Series)
          • Installation ("S" Series)
          • Removal ("L" Series)
          • Installation ("L" Series)
          • Removal (VUE)
          • Installation (VUE)
        • Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • General Servicing
    • Cabin Air Filter (Special Applications) - General Information
      • Cabin Air Filter Applications
    • HVAC Control System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Climate Control System
          • Notes
          • Principles Of Operation
          • Heat Transfer
          • Latent Heat Of Vaporization
          • Relative Humidity
          • Effects Of Pressure On Boiling Or Condensation
          • Compressor Anti-Slugging Strategy
          • The Refrigerant Cycle
          • Clutch Cycling Orifice Tube Type Refrigerant System
          • System Air Flow Description - Manual Climate Control
            • Max A/C
            • Norm A/C
            • Vent
            • Off
            • Floor
            • Mix
            • Defrost
          • System Airflow Description - EATC
            • Max A/C
            • Norm A/C
            • Vent
            • Off
            • Floor
            • Floor/Defrost
            • Defrost
          • Manual A/C Electrical Components
          • EATC System Electrical Components
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Climate Control System
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Vacuum Schematic - Manual A/C
          • Vacuum Connector End View - Manual A/C
          • Vacuum Application Chart - Manual A/C
          • Vacuum Schematic - Electronic Automatic Temperature Control
          • Vacuum Connector End View - Electronic Automatic Temperature Control
          • Vacuum Applications Chart - Electronic Automatic Temperature Control
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control Module Self-Test
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Test
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTC B1249 - Blend Door Failure Or Short
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1251 Or DTC B1253 - A/C In-Car Temperature Sensor Open Circuit Or Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1255 Or DTC B1257 - A/C Ambient Temperature Sensor Open Circuit Or Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1261 - A/C Solar Radiation Sensor Circuit Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test E: No Communication With The Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) Module
            • Pinpoint Test F: The EATC System Is Inoperative, Intermittent Or Incorrect Operation
            • Pinpoint Test G: Incorrect/Erratic Direction Of Air Flow From Outlet - Manual Climate Control
            • Pinpoint Test H: Incorrect/Erratic Direction Of Air Flow From Outlet - EATC
            • Pinpoint Test I: Insufficient, Erratic, Or No Heat - EATC & Manual Climate Control
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Air Conditioning (A/C) Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Air Conditioning (A/C) Is Always On
            • Pinpoint Test L: Insufficient Air Conditioning (A/C) Cooling
            • Pinpoint Test M: No Operation In All Temperature Settings - Manual Climate Control
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Blower Motor Is Inoperative - Manual Climate Control
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Blower Motor Is Inoperative - EATC
            • Pinpoint Test P: No Operation In High Blower Setting - Manual Climate Control
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The Blower Motor Does No Operate Correctly - Manual Climate Control
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Blower Motor Operates Continuously In High Speed - Manual Climate Control
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Blower Motor Does Not Operate Correctly - EATC
            • Pinpoint Test T: The Steering Wheel Control Switch Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Component Tests
            • Heater Core
            • Heater Core - Plugged
            • Heater Core - Pressure Test
            • Heater Core - Bench Test
            • Evaporator/Condenser Core - On-Vehicle Leak Test
            • A/C Compressor - External Leak Test
      • General Procedures
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Check - Retail Procedure
        • Spring Lock Coupling
          • Notes
          • Disconnect
          • Cleaning
          • Connect
        • Air Conditioning Line (Peanut) Fitting
          • Disconnect
          • Connect
        • Refrigerant System Tests
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Clutch Air Gap Adjustment
        • Manifold Gauge Set Connection
        • Electronic Leak Detection
        • Fluorescent Dye Leak Detection
          • Notes
          • Fluorescent Dye Detection
          • Fluorescent Dye Injection - Using An A/C Refrigerant Center & Dye Injector
          • Fluorescent Dye Injection - Using A Dye Injector Loop Kit
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Flushing
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Recovery, Evacuation & Charging
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation
          • Refrigerant System Charging
        • Refrigerant System Filtering Following Air Conditioning (A/C) Component Installation
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Refrigerant Oil Adding
        • Refrigerant Identification Testing
        • Contaminated Refrigerant Handling
        • Vacuum Hose Repair - Mini-Tube
    • HVAC Systems - Compressor Servicing
      • Ford FS-10 10-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch & Clutch Field Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Ford SC115 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • General Motors DELPHI-Thermal (HARRISON) CVC- 6/CVC-7, Hd6/Ht6/HU6, Hd6/Hr-6HE 6, V5 & V7.
        • Compressor Clutch Plate & Hub Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Control Valve (Variable Displacement Compressors Only)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Clutch Rotor/Bearing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • High Pressure Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Identifying Compressor Components
        • Shaft Seal
      • MITSUBISHI ASTT
      • MITSUBISHI Scroll
      • NIPPONDENSO 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • NIPPONDENSO 10S15/10S17/10S20
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • NIPPONDENSO 10PA17 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Removal (Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (Grand Cherokee)
        • Shaft Seal
      • SANDEN Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal & Installation (General Motors)
      • SANDEN SD-7H15 7-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal (All Models)
          • Installation (Cherokee)
          • Installation (Dakota, Durango & Ram Pickup)
      • SANDEN TRS-90 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • SANDEN TRS-105 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • ZEXEL (SATURN - Variable Displacement Type)
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal ("S" Series)
          • Installation ("S" Series)
          • Removal ("L" Series)
          • Installation ("L" Series)
          • Removal (VUE)
          • Installation (VUE)
        • Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • HVAC Systems - General Servicing
      • USING R-134a REFRIGERANT
        • Handling/Safety Precautions
        • IDENTIFYING R-134a SYSTEMS & COMPONENTS
          • Notes
          • Fittings & "O" Rings
          • Underhood A/C Specification Labels
        • Refrigerant Oils
      • System Service Valves
        • SCHRADER-Type Valves
        • Special Valve Connectors
        • R-134a SERVICE VALVES/PORTS
        • Service Valve Locations
      • Service Equipment
      • Manifold Gauge Set
        • Notes
        • Connecting Gauge Set
          • Notes
          • Schrader-Type Valves
        • Stabilizing A/C System
      • Pressure-Temperature Relationship
      • Pressure Gauge Readings
      • Recovery/Evacuation & Recharging
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Service Equipment
          • Manifold Gauge Set Connections
          • Refrigerant Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuate
          • Refrigerant System Charge
        • Ford Motor Co.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation
          • Refrigerant System Charging
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Filtering Procedures (Ford)
        • A/C System Filtering (Focus)
        • A/C System Filtering (Villager)
        • A/C System Filtering (Except Focus & Villager)
      • Flushing Procedures
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Leak Testing
        • Notes
        • Types Of Leak Detectors
          • Bubble Solution Detector
          • Dye Solution
          • Fluorescent Leak Detection
          • Electronic Leak Detector
        • Preparation For Leak Testing
        • Bubble Detector Leak Testing Procedure
        • Electronic Leak Testing Procedure
        • Dye Solution Leak Testing Procedures
        • Fluorescent Dye Leak Testing Procedures
  • HVAC Control Systems
    • HVAC Control System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Climate Control System
          • Notes
          • Principles Of Operation
          • Heat Transfer
          • Latent Heat Of Vaporization
          • Relative Humidity
          • Effects Of Pressure On Boiling Or Condensation
          • Compressor Anti-Slugging Strategy
          • The Refrigerant Cycle
          • Clutch Cycling Orifice Tube Type Refrigerant System
          • System Air Flow Description - Manual Climate Control
            • Max A/C
            • Norm A/C
            • Vent
            • Off
            • Floor
            • Mix
            • Defrost
          • System Airflow Description - EATC
            • Max A/C
            • Norm A/C
            • Vent
            • Off
            • Floor
            • Floor/Defrost
            • Defrost
          • Manual A/C Electrical Components
          • EATC System Electrical Components
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Climate Control System
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Vacuum Schematic - Manual A/C
          • Vacuum Connector End View - Manual A/C
          • Vacuum Application Chart - Manual A/C
          • Vacuum Schematic - Electronic Automatic Temperature Control
          • Vacuum Connector End View - Electronic Automatic Temperature Control
          • Vacuum Applications Chart - Electronic Automatic Temperature Control
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control Module Self-Test
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Test
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTC B1249 - Blend Door Failure Or Short
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1251 Or DTC B1253 - A/C In-Car Temperature Sensor Open Circuit Or Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1255 Or DTC B1257 - A/C Ambient Temperature Sensor Open Circuit Or Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1261 - A/C Solar Radiation Sensor Circuit Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test E: No Communication With The Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) Module
            • Pinpoint Test F: The EATC System Is Inoperative, Intermittent Or Incorrect Operation
            • Pinpoint Test G: Incorrect/Erratic Direction Of Air Flow From Outlet - Manual Climate Control
            • Pinpoint Test H: Incorrect/Erratic Direction Of Air Flow From Outlet - EATC
            • Pinpoint Test I: Insufficient, Erratic, Or No Heat - EATC & Manual Climate Control
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Air Conditioning (A/C) Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Air Conditioning (A/C) Is Always On
            • Pinpoint Test L: Insufficient Air Conditioning (A/C) Cooling
            • Pinpoint Test M: No Operation In All Temperature Settings - Manual Climate Control
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Blower Motor Is Inoperative - Manual Climate Control
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Blower Motor Is Inoperative - EATC
            • Pinpoint Test P: No Operation In High Blower Setting - Manual Climate Control
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The Blower Motor Does No Operate Correctly - Manual Climate Control
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Blower Motor Operates Continuously In High Speed - Manual Climate Control
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Blower Motor Does Not Operate Correctly - EATC
            • Pinpoint Test T: The Steering Wheel Control Switch Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Component Tests
            • Heater Core
            • Heater Core - Plugged
            • Heater Core - Pressure Test
            • Heater Core - Bench Test
            • Evaporator/Condenser Core - On-Vehicle Leak Test
            • A/C Compressor - External Leak Test
      • General Procedures
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Check - Retail Procedure
        • Spring Lock Coupling
          • Notes
          • Disconnect
          • Cleaning
          • Connect
        • Air Conditioning Line (Peanut) Fitting
          • Disconnect
          • Connect
        • Refrigerant System Tests
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Clutch Air Gap Adjustment
        • Manifold Gauge Set Connection
        • Electronic Leak Detection
        • Fluorescent Dye Leak Detection
          • Notes
          • Fluorescent Dye Detection
          • Fluorescent Dye Injection - Using An A/C Refrigerant Center & Dye Injector
          • Fluorescent Dye Injection - Using A Dye Injector Loop Kit
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Flushing
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Recovery, Evacuation & Charging
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation
          • Refrigerant System Charging
        • Refrigerant System Filtering Following Air Conditioning (A/C) Component Installation
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Refrigerant Oil Adding
        • Refrigerant Identification Testing
        • Contaminated Refrigerant Handling
        • Vacuum Hose Repair - Mini-Tube
    • HVAC System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Heating/Defrosting
          • Notes
          • Component Locations
          • Heater Core
          • Blower Motor
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Heating/Defrosting
      • Removal & Installation
        • Heater Hose
        • Blower Motor
        • Evaporator Core Housing
        • Heater Core
    • HVAC System - Control Components
      • Description & Operation
        • Control Components
          • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control
          • Manual A/C
        • Component Locations
        • Control System Inputs - EATC
          • Climate Control Assembly
            • Notes
            • Steering Wheel Audio/Climate Control Switch
          • A/C Ambient Air Temperature Sensor
          • In-Car Temperature Sensor
          • A/C Sunload Sensor
        • Control System Inputs - Manual A/C
          • Climate Control Assembly
        • Control System Outputs - EATC
          • A/C Blower Motor Speed Control
          • A/C Electronic Blend Door Actuator
          • Vacuum Control Motors
        • Control System Outputs - Manual A/C
          • Blower Motor Switch Resistor
          • A/C Electronic Blend Door Actuator
          • Vacuum Control Motors
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Control Components
      • Removal & Installation
        • Auxiliary Control - Steering Wheel
          • Removal & Installation
        • Control Assembly - EATC
        • Control Assembly - Manual A/C
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Switch - Manual A/C
        • Sensor - Ambient Air
        • Sensor - SUNLOAD
        • Sensor - In-Car Temperature
        • Actuator - Electronic Blend Door
        • Blower Motor Speed Control
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Air RECIRCULATION Door
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Windshield Defrost Door
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Floor Duct Door
        • Vacuum Reservoir Tank
    • HVAC System - Air Distribution And Filtering System
      • Specifications
        • General Specification
      • Description & Operation
        • Air Distribution
      • Component Locations
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Air Distribution
      • Removal & Installation
        • Register - Center & LH
          • Removal & Installation
        • Register - RH
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Duct - Air Recirculating
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Duct - Rear Seat Airflow
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Plenum Chamber
          • Materials Needed
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door - Recirculating Air Duct
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly & Assembly
        • Instrument Panel Air Distribution Ducts
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • HVAC System - Automatic
      • Specifications
      • Description
      • Operation
        • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) Module
          • Notes
          • AUTOMATIC Button
          • MAX A/C Button
          • NORM A/C Button
          • VENT Button
          • FLOOR Button
          • FLR-DEF Button
          • DEF Button
          • Blower Speed Thumbwheel
          • OFF Button
          • OUTSIDE TEMP Button
          • Temperature Selection Buttons
        • Actuators
          • Electronic Blend Door Actuator
          • Vacuum Actuators
        • Blower Speed Controller
        • A/C Compressor Clutch Circuit
          • Wide Open Throttle (WOT) A/C Relay
          • A/C Cycling Switch (ACCS)
          • A/C Pressure Cut-Off Switch
        • Refrigerant System
          • Fixed Orifice Tube
          • Pressure Relief Valve
        • Temperature Sensors
          • Ambient Temperature Sensor
          • Automatic Temperature Control Sensor
          • Sunload Sensor
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Notes
        • Preliminary Inspection
      • Symptom Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: No Communication With EATC Module
        • Test B: EATC System Inoperative/Does Not Operate Properly
        • Test C: Improper/Erratic Airflow From Outlets
        • Test D: A/C Inoperative/Does Not Operate Properly
        • Test E: Blower Motor Inoperative
        • Test F: Blower Motor Operates Continuously In High Speed
        • Test G: No Operation In Some Blower Settings
        • Test H: Temperature Set Point Does Not Repeat After Turning Ignition Off
        • Test J: Temperature Display Will Not Switch Between °F & °C
        • Test K: A/C Always On
      • Self-Diagnostics
        • Notes
        • Entering Self-Diagnostics
        • Exiting Self-Diagnostics
        • Test B1249: Electronic Blend Door Actuator Failure
        • Test B1251/B1253: In-Car Temperature Sensor Circuit Inoperative
        • DTC B1255/B1257 Test: Ambient Temperature Sensor Circuit Inoperative
        • Test B1261: SUNLOAD Sensor Shorted
        • Test P1464: A/C Demand Out Of Self-Test Range
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • A/C System Performance
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • A/C Compressor
          • Removal & Installation
        • A/C Condenser
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • A/C Clutch Cycling Switch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Ambient Temperature Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Blower Motor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Blower Motor Speed Controller
          • Removal & Installation
        • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) Module
          • Removal & Installation
        • Electronic Blend Door Actuator
          • Removal & Installation
        • Evaporator Housing/Core
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Fixed Orifice Tube
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • In-Car Temperature Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Removal & Installation
        • Plenum & Heater Core
          • Removal & Installation
        • Suction Accumulator-Drier
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • SUNLOAD Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Vacuum Reservoir
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Vacuum Hose Diagram(S)
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • HVAC System - Manual
      • Specifications
      • Description
      • Operation
        • Notes
        • Control Panel
          • Function Control
          • A/C Function Control Switch
          • Blower Motor Switch
          • Temperature Control
        • A/C Condenser Core
        • A/C Evaporator Core
        • A/C Cycling Switch
        • A/C Pressure Cut-Off Switch
        • A/C Pressure Relief Valve
        • Blower Motor Resistor & Thermal Limiter
        • Compressor Anti-Slugging Strategy (CASS)
        • Fixed Orifice Tube
        • Peanut Fitting
        • Refrigerant Lines
        • Spring Lock Coupling
        • Suction Accumulator
      • Component Locations
      • Adjustments
        • A/C Clutch Air Gap
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Preliminary Inspection
      • Performance Tests
        • A/C System Performance
          • Notes
          • Procedure No. 1: 100°F (38°C) Or Lower
          • Procedure No. 2: Over 100°F (38°C)
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Retrieving Diagnostic Trouble Codes
        • Clearing Diagnostic Trouble Codes
        • Summary
      • Symptom Tests
        • Notes
        • Test G: Incorrect/Erratic Direction Of Airflow From Outlets
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • Test I: Insufficient, Erratic Or No Heat
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • Test J: A/C Inoperative Or Does Not Operate Properly
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • Test K: A/C Is Always On
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • Test L: No Operation In All Temperature Settings
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • Test M: Blower Motor Inoperative
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • Test O: No Operation In High Blower Speed
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • Test P: Blower Motor Does Not Operate Properly
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
        • Test Q: Blower Motor Operates Continuously In High Speed
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedures
      • Component Tests
        • Notes
        • Evaporator/Condenser Core, On-Vehicle Leak Test
        • A/C Compressor, External Leak Test
        • Heater Core
          • Notes
          • Plug Test
          • Pressure Test (On Vehicle)
          • Pressure Test (Bench)
        • Function Control Knob Switch
      • On Vehicle Service
        • Cleaning Spring Lock Couplings
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • A/C Cycling Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Accumulator-Drier
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Blower Motor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Clutch & Clutch Field Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
          • Installation
        • Compressor Manifold & Tube Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
        • Condenser Core
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Control Panel
          • Removal & Installation
        • Electronic Blend Door Actuator
          • Removal & Installation
        • Evaporator Core
          • Removal & Installation
        • Evaporator Core Housing
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Heater Core
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Heater Hoses
          • Removal & Installation
        • Orifice Tube
          • Removal & Installation
        • Plenum Chamber
          • Removal & Installation
        • Pressure Cutoff Switch
        • Pressure Relief Valve
        • Recirculating Air Door
          • Removal & Installation
        • Recirculating Air Duct
          • Removal & Installation
        • Refrigerant Lines
          • Removal & Installation (Compressor-To-Condenser Discharge)
          • Removal & Installation (Evaporator-To-Compressor Suction)
        • Shaft Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Spring Lock Coupling
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Switches
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motors
          • Removal & Installation (Air Recirculation Door)
          • Removal & Installation (Floor Duct Door)
          • Removal & Installation (Windshield Defrost Door)
        • Vacuum Reservoir
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Vacuum Hose Diagram(S)
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • HVAC Systems - Compressor Servicing
      • Ford FS-10 10-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch & Clutch Field Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Ford SC115 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • General Motors DELPHI-Thermal (HARRISON) CVC- 6/CVC-7, Hd6/Ht6/HU6, Hd6/Hr-6HE 6, V5 & V7.
        • Compressor Clutch Plate & Hub Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Control Valve (Variable Displacement Compressors Only)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Clutch Rotor/Bearing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • High Pressure Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Identifying Compressor Components
        • Shaft Seal
      • MITSUBISHI ASTT
      • MITSUBISHI Scroll
      • NIPPONDENSO 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • NIPPONDENSO 10S15/10S17/10S20
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • NIPPONDENSO 10PA17 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Removal (Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (Grand Cherokee)
        • Shaft Seal
      • SANDEN Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal & Installation (General Motors)
      • SANDEN SD-7H15 7-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal (All Models)
          • Installation (Cherokee)
          • Installation (Dakota, Durango & Ram Pickup)
      • SANDEN TRS-90 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • SANDEN TRS-105 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • ZEXEL (SATURN - Variable Displacement Type)
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal ("S" Series)
          • Installation ("S" Series)
          • Removal ("L" Series)
          • Installation ("L" Series)
          • Removal (VUE)
          • Installation (VUE)
        • Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • HVAC Systems - General Servicing
      • USING R-134a REFRIGERANT
        • Handling/Safety Precautions
        • IDENTIFYING R-134a SYSTEMS & COMPONENTS
          • Notes
          • Fittings & "O" Rings
          • Underhood A/C Specification Labels
        • Refrigerant Oils
      • System Service Valves
        • SCHRADER-Type Valves
        • Special Valve Connectors
        • R-134a SERVICE VALVES/PORTS
        • Service Valve Locations
      • Service Equipment
      • Manifold Gauge Set
        • Notes
        • Connecting Gauge Set
          • Notes
          • Schrader-Type Valves
        • Stabilizing A/C System
      • Pressure-Temperature Relationship
      • Pressure Gauge Readings
      • Recovery/Evacuation & Recharging
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Service Equipment
          • Manifold Gauge Set Connections
          • Refrigerant Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuate
          • Refrigerant System Charge
        • Ford Motor Co.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation
          • Refrigerant System Charging
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Filtering Procedures (Ford)
        • A/C System Filtering (Focus)
        • A/C System Filtering (Villager)
        • A/C System Filtering (Except Focus & Villager)
      • Flushing Procedures
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Leak Testing
        • Notes
        • Types Of Leak Detectors
          • Bubble Solution Detector
          • Dye Solution
          • Fluorescent Leak Detection
          • Electronic Leak Detector
        • Preparation For Leak Testing
        • Bubble Detector Leak Testing Procedure
        • Electronic Leak Testing Procedure
        • Dye Solution Leak Testing Procedures
        • Fluorescent Dye Leak Testing Procedures
• Maintenance
  • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
    • A/C Filter Service Reminder
      • Notes
      • A/C Filter Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder
      • Notes
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Oil Life Reset - Base Instrument Cluster
        • Oil Life Reset - Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
        • Non-Hybrid
        • Hybrid
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
        • Owner's Manual 1
        • Owner's Manual 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 11
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 12
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 13
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 14
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 15
        • Base Message Center
        • Uplevel Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 16
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 17
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 18
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 19
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 20
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 21
        • Notes
        • Without Message Center
        • With Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 22
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 23
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 24
        • Path 1
        • Path 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 25
        • Base Cluster
        • High Series Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 26
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 2.3 Inch Screen/4.2 Inch Screen
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 8 Inch Screen
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 27
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 28
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Overhead Warning Lights)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Sri)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (VMM)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Tire Pressure Monitor System Reminder
      • Notes
      • Tire Pressure Sensor Types
        • Notes
        • Banded Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Bolt-On Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Snap-In Sensor
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
        • Notes
        • Vehicles With Message Center
        • Vehicles Without Message Center
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
        • Notes
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Single Rear Wheel
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Dual Rear Wheel
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
        • Overview
        • Carrying Out the System Reset Procedure
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 2.3" information display, scroll to:
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 4.2" information display, scroll to:
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
• Restraints
  • Air Bag, SRS
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Back-Up Power Supply
        • CLOCKSPRING
        • Dual-Stage Driver-Side Air Bag Module
        • Dual-Stage Passenger-Side Air Bag Module
        • Front Air Bag Sensor
        • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS)
        • Restraints Control Module (RCM)
        • Seat Belt Buckle Switches
        • Seat Belt PRETENSIONERS
        • Seat Track Position Sensor
      • Component Locations
      • System Operation Check
      • Air Bag Safety Precautions
      • Adjustments
        • CLOCKSPRING Centering
      • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
        • Notes
        • Disabling System
          • Notes
          • Component Replacement Disabling Procedure
          • Diagnostic Disabling Procedure
        • Activating System
          • Component Replacement Activating Procedure
          • Diagnostic Activating Procedure
        • Air Bag Simulator
      • Disposal Procedures
        • Notes
        • Deployed Air Bag Or PRETENSIONER
        • UNDEPLOYED Air Bag Or PRETENSIONER-Faulty Unit
        • Scrapped Vehicle
          • Notes
          • Remote Deployment Of AIR Bag
          • Remote Deployment Of Seat Belt Pretensioners
      • Post-Collision Inspection
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • CLOCKSPRING
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Dual-Stage Driver-Side Air Bag Module
          • Removal & Installation
        • Dual-Stage Passenger-Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Air Bag Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Seat
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Removal & Installation
        • Lighting Control Module (LCM)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Restraints Control Module
          • Removal & Installation
        • Seat Belt Buckle
          • Removal & Installation
        • Seat Belt PRETENSIONER
          • Removal & Installation
        • Seat Track Position Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Wheel
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Diagnostics
        • Notes
        • Self-Diagnostics
        • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Using Scan Tool
        • Retrieving Fault Codes
        • Clearing Fault Codes
        • On-Demand Self-Test
        • Bit-Mapped Diagnostic Trouble Codes
        • PID/Data Monitor & Record
        • Restraints Control Module (RCM) Configuration
          • Principles Of Operation
        • Zero Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS)
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Test A: Air Bag Warning Light On Continuously-RCM Disconnected Or Inoperative
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test B: Air Bag Warning Light Circuit Open Or Short To Ground (DTC B1869)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test C: Air Bag Warning Light Circuit Short To Battery (DTC B1870)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test D: Air Bag Tone Warning Indicator Circuit Short To Battery (DTC B1891)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test E: Air Bag Tone Warning Indicator Circuit Short To Ground Or Open (DTC B1892)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test F: Ground Resistance Too High Or RCM Not Mounted To Vehicle Properly (DTC B1921)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test G: Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS) Circuit Fault (DTC B2290)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test H: Restraint System-Seat Belt PRETENSIONER Status (DTC B2292)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test I: Restraint System-Air Bag Status (DTC B2293)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test J: Restraint System-Impact Sensor Status (DTC B2296)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test K: Left Seat Belt Buckle Circuit Open (DTC B2432)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test L: Left Seat Belt Buckle Circuit Short To Battery (DTC B2433)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test M: Left Seat Belt Buckle Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B2434)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test N: Left Seat Belt Buckle Circuit Resistance Out Of Range (DTC B2435)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test O: Right Seat Belt Buckle Circuit Open (DTC B2436)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test P: Right Seat Belt Buckle Circuit Short To Battery (DTC B2437)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Q: Right Seat Belt Buckle Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B2438)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test R: Right Seat Belt Buckle Circuit Resistance Out Of Range (DTC B2439)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test S: Incorrect Vehicle Identification (DTC C1414)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test T: Seat Track Position Sensor Circuit Open (DTC C1946)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test U: Seat Track Position Sensor Circuit Short To Ground (DTC C1947)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test V: Seat Track Position Sensor Circuit Resistance Out Of Range (DTC C1948)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test W: Seat Track Position Sensor Circuit Short To Battery (DTC C1982)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test X: No Communication With RCM
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
      • Wire Repair
        • Notes
        • Repair Procedure
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System -- Air Bag/SRS Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • Ford Motor Co. (1988-04)
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System Deactivation Procedures
      • Special Care During Mechanical Repairs
      • CHRYSLER
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Caravan, Concord, Intrepid, Neon, Prowler, PT Cruiser, Sebring Convertible, Sebring Sedan, Stratus Sedan, Town & Country, Viper, Voyager & 300M
          • Dakota, Durango, Ram Pickup, Ram Van & Ram Wagon
          • Sebring Coupe & Stratus Coupe
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
      • Ford Motor Co.
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Blackwood)
          • Activating System (Blackwood)
          • Disabling System (Continental)
          • Activating System (Continental)
          • Disabling System (Cougar)
          • Activating System (Cougar)
          • Disabling System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Activating System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Disabling System (Econoline)
          • Activating System (Econoline)
          • Disabling System (Escape)
          • Activating System (Escape)
          • Disabling System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Activating System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Disabling System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Activating System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Disabling System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Activating System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Disabling System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Activating System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Disabling System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Activating System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Disabling System (Focus)
          • Activating System (Focus)
          • Disabling System (F150)
          • Activating System (F150)
          • Disabling System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Activating System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Disabling System (Mustang)
          • Activating System (Mustang)
          • Disabling System (Ranger)
          • Activating System (Ranger)
          • Disabling System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Activating System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Disabling System (Town Car)
          • Activating System (Town Car)
          • Disabling System (Villager)
          • Activating System (Villager)
          • Disabling System (Windstar)
          • Activating System (Windstar)
        • Air Bag Simulator
        • Driver Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Blackwood, Econoline, Excursion, Expedition, Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac, F150, F250/350 Super Duty, Mountaineer & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Continental, Cougar, Escort, Focus, LS, Mustang, Ranger, Thunderbird, Town Car & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Removal & Installation (Escort & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac & Ranger)
          • Removal & Installation (Sable & Taurus)
          • Removal & Installation (Town Car)
        • Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
        • Torque Specifications
      • General Motors
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Prizm
          • Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
          • All Models Except Prizm & Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Activating System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Disabling System (Astro & Safari)
          • Activating System (Astro & Safari)
          • Disabling System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Activating System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Disabling System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Activating System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Disabling System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Activating System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Disabling System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Activating System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Disabling System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Activating System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Disabling System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Activating System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Disabling System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Activating System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Disabling System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Activating System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Disabling System (Corvette)
          • Activating System (Corvette)
          • Disabling System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Activating System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Disabling System (Eldorado)
          • Activating System (Eldorado)
          • Disabling System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Activating System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Disabling System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Activating System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Disabling System (Prizm)
          • Activating System (Prizm)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn Vue)
          • Activating System (Saturn Vue)
          • Disabling System (Tracker)
          • Activating System (Tracker)
      • Jeep
        • System Operation Check
          • Grand Cherokee, Liberty & Wrangler
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
  • Restraints Control Systems
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System -- Air Bag/SRS Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • Ford Motor Co. (1988-04)
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System Deactivation Procedures
      • Special Care During Mechanical Repairs
      • CHRYSLER
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Caravan, Concord, Intrepid, Neon, Prowler, PT Cruiser, Sebring Convertible, Sebring Sedan, Stratus Sedan, Town & Country, Viper, Voyager & 300M
          • Dakota, Durango, Ram Pickup, Ram Van & Ram Wagon
          • Sebring Coupe & Stratus Coupe
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
      • Ford Motor Co.
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Blackwood)
          • Activating System (Blackwood)
          • Disabling System (Continental)
          • Activating System (Continental)
          • Disabling System (Cougar)
          • Activating System (Cougar)
          • Disabling System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Activating System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Disabling System (Econoline)
          • Activating System (Econoline)
          • Disabling System (Escape)
          • Activating System (Escape)
          • Disabling System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Activating System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Disabling System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Activating System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Disabling System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Activating System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Disabling System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Activating System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Disabling System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Activating System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Disabling System (Focus)
          • Activating System (Focus)
          • Disabling System (F150)
          • Activating System (F150)
          • Disabling System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Activating System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Disabling System (Mustang)
          • Activating System (Mustang)
          • Disabling System (Ranger)
          • Activating System (Ranger)
          • Disabling System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Activating System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Disabling System (Town Car)
          • Activating System (Town Car)
          • Disabling System (Villager)
          • Activating System (Villager)
          • Disabling System (Windstar)
          • Activating System (Windstar)
        • Air Bag Simulator
        • Driver Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Blackwood, Econoline, Excursion, Expedition, Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac, F150, F250/350 Super Duty, Mountaineer & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Continental, Cougar, Escort, Focus, LS, Mustang, Ranger, Thunderbird, Town Car & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Removal & Installation (Escort & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac & Ranger)
          • Removal & Installation (Sable & Taurus)
          • Removal & Installation (Town Car)
        • Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
        • Torque Specifications
      • General Motors
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Prizm
          • Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
          • All Models Except Prizm & Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Activating System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Disabling System (Astro & Safari)
          • Activating System (Astro & Safari)
          • Disabling System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Activating System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Disabling System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Activating System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Disabling System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Activating System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Disabling System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Activating System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Disabling System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Activating System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Disabling System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Activating System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Disabling System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Activating System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Disabling System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Activating System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Disabling System (Corvette)
          • Activating System (Corvette)
          • Disabling System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Activating System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Disabling System (Eldorado)
          • Activating System (Eldorado)
          • Disabling System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Activating System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Disabling System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Activating System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Disabling System (Prizm)
          • Activating System (Prizm)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn Vue)
          • Activating System (Saturn Vue)
          • Disabling System (Tracker)
          • Activating System (Tracker)
      • Jeep
        • System Operation Check
          • Grand Cherokee, Liberty & Wrangler
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
  • Seat Belts
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System -- Air Bag/SRS Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • Ford Motor Co. (1988-04)
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System Deactivation Procedures
      • Special Care During Mechanical Repairs
      • CHRYSLER
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Caravan, Concord, Intrepid, Neon, Prowler, PT Cruiser, Sebring Convertible, Sebring Sedan, Stratus Sedan, Town & Country, Viper, Voyager & 300M
          • Dakota, Durango, Ram Pickup, Ram Van & Ram Wagon
          • Sebring Coupe & Stratus Coupe
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
      • Ford Motor Co.
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Blackwood)
          • Activating System (Blackwood)
          • Disabling System (Continental)
          • Activating System (Continental)
          • Disabling System (Cougar)
          • Activating System (Cougar)
          • Disabling System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Activating System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Disabling System (Econoline)
          • Activating System (Econoline)
          • Disabling System (Escape)
          • Activating System (Escape)
          • Disabling System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Activating System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Disabling System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Activating System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Disabling System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Activating System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Disabling System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Activating System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Disabling System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Activating System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Disabling System (Focus)
          • Activating System (Focus)
          • Disabling System (F150)
          • Activating System (F150)
          • Disabling System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Activating System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Disabling System (Mustang)
          • Activating System (Mustang)
          • Disabling System (Ranger)
          • Activating System (Ranger)
          • Disabling System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Activating System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Disabling System (Town Car)
          • Activating System (Town Car)
          • Disabling System (Villager)
          • Activating System (Villager)
          • Disabling System (Windstar)
          • Activating System (Windstar)
        • Air Bag Simulator
        • Driver Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Blackwood, Econoline, Excursion, Expedition, Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac, F150, F250/350 Super Duty, Mountaineer & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Continental, Cougar, Escort, Focus, LS, Mustang, Ranger, Thunderbird, Town Car & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Removal & Installation (Escort & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac & Ranger)
          • Removal & Installation (Sable & Taurus)
          • Removal & Installation (Town Car)
        • Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
        • Torque Specifications
      • General Motors
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Prizm
          • Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
          • All Models Except Prizm & Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Activating System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Disabling System (Astro & Safari)
          • Activating System (Astro & Safari)
          • Disabling System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Activating System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Disabling System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Activating System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Disabling System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Activating System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Disabling System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Activating System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Disabling System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Activating System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Disabling System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Activating System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Disabling System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Activating System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Disabling System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Activating System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Disabling System (Corvette)
          • Activating System (Corvette)
          • Disabling System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Activating System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Disabling System (Eldorado)
          • Activating System (Eldorado)
          • Disabling System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Activating System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Disabling System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Activating System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Disabling System (Prizm)
          • Activating System (Prizm)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn Vue)
          • Activating System (Saturn Vue)
          • Disabling System (Tracker)
          • Activating System (Tracker)
      • Jeep
        • System Operation Check
          • Grand Cherokee, Liberty & Wrangler
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
• Steering
  • Electronic Steering
    • Steering System - General Information
      • Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Steering System
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles Of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
        • EVO Steering Diagnosis - Without Air Suspension
        • EVO Steering Diagnosis - With Air Suspension
        • EVO Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Air Suspension Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The EVO Control Module
          • Pinpoint Test B: No Communication With The Air Suspension Control Module
          • Pinpoint Test C: Unable To Enter Auto Test - EVO Control Module
          • Pinpoint Test D: Unable To Enter Auto Test - Air Suspension Control Module
          • Pinpoint Test E: DTC 16 - EVO Actuator Shorted, DTC 17 - EVO Actuator Shorted Or Open, Or DTC 18 - EVO Actuator Resistance Out Of Range
          • Pinpoint Test F: DTC 27 - EVO Actuator Circuit Open
          • Pinpoint Test G: DTC 28 - EVO Actuator Circuit Shorted
          • Pinpoint Test H: DTC 29 - EVO Actuator Circuit High Side Shorted To Ground
          • Pinpoint Test I: DTC 30 - EVO Actuator Circuit Shorted To Battery
          • Pinpoint Test J: DTC 31 - EVO Actuator Circuit Low Side Shorted To Ground
          • Pinpoint Test K: DTC 33 - Steering Rotation Not Detected
          • Pinpoint Test L: DTC 35 - Vehicle Speed Above 24 Km/h (15 mph) Not Detected
          • Pinpoint Test M: DTC 74 - Steering Rotation Not Detected
        • Component Tests
          • Steering Linkage
          • Sector Shaft Arm Inspection - Backlash
          • Pump Flow & Pressure Test
          • Turning Effort Test
          • Steering Gear Valve
      • General Procedures
        • System Flushing
        • Purging
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Fill
        • MESHLOAD Adjustment
          • Special Tool(s)
  • Manual Steering
    • Power Steering System
      • Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Power Steering
          • Power Steering - Mechanical System
          • Power Steering - Hydraulic System
          • Power Steering Pump
          • Electronic Variable Orifice (EVO) System
          • Power Steering Gear Identification
          • Power Steering Pump Identification
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Power Steering
      • General Procedures
        • Gear Adjustment - MESHLOAD
      • Removal & Installation
        • Reservoir
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Pump
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Pulley - Pump
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Hose
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Cooler - Fluid
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Gear
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Module
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Control Valve Actuator
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Wheel Rotation Sensor
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly & Assembly
        • Gear - Power Steering
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Steering System - General Information
      • Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Steering System
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles Of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
        • EVO Steering Diagnosis - Without Air Suspension
        • EVO Steering Diagnosis - With Air Suspension
        • EVO Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Air Suspension Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The EVO Control Module
          • Pinpoint Test B: No Communication With The Air Suspension Control Module
          • Pinpoint Test C: Unable To Enter Auto Test - EVO Control Module
          • Pinpoint Test D: Unable To Enter Auto Test - Air Suspension Control Module
          • Pinpoint Test E: DTC 16 - EVO Actuator Shorted, DTC 17 - EVO Actuator Shorted Or Open, Or DTC 18 - EVO Actuator Resistance Out Of Range
          • Pinpoint Test F: DTC 27 - EVO Actuator Circuit Open
          • Pinpoint Test G: DTC 28 - EVO Actuator Circuit Shorted
          • Pinpoint Test H: DTC 29 - EVO Actuator Circuit High Side Shorted To Ground
          • Pinpoint Test I: DTC 30 - EVO Actuator Circuit Shorted To Battery
          • Pinpoint Test J: DTC 31 - EVO Actuator Circuit Low Side Shorted To Ground
          • Pinpoint Test K: DTC 33 - Steering Rotation Not Detected
          • Pinpoint Test L: DTC 35 - Vehicle Speed Above 24 Km/h (15 mph) Not Detected
          • Pinpoint Test M: DTC 74 - Steering Rotation Not Detected
        • Component Tests
          • Steering Linkage
          • Sector Shaft Arm Inspection - Backlash
          • Pump Flow & Pressure Test
          • Turning Effort Test
          • Steering Gear Valve
      • General Procedures
        • System Flushing
        • Purging
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Fill
        • MESHLOAD Adjustment
          • Special Tool(s)
  • Power Steering
    • Power Steering System
      • Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Power Steering
          • Power Steering - Mechanical System
          • Power Steering - Hydraulic System
          • Power Steering Pump
          • Electronic Variable Orifice (EVO) System
          • Power Steering Gear Identification
          • Power Steering Pump Identification
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Power Steering
      • General Procedures
        • Gear Adjustment - MESHLOAD
      • Removal & Installation
        • Reservoir
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Pump
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Pulley - Pump
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Hose
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Cooler - Fluid
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Gear
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Module
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Control Valve Actuator
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Wheel Rotation Sensor
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly & Assembly
        • Gear - Power Steering
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Steering System - General Information
      • Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Steering System
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles Of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
        • EVO Steering Diagnosis - Without Air Suspension
        • EVO Steering Diagnosis - With Air Suspension
        • EVO Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Air Suspension Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The EVO Control Module
          • Pinpoint Test B: No Communication With The Air Suspension Control Module
          • Pinpoint Test C: Unable To Enter Auto Test - EVO Control Module
          • Pinpoint Test D: Unable To Enter Auto Test - Air Suspension Control Module
          • Pinpoint Test E: DTC 16 - EVO Actuator Shorted, DTC 17 - EVO Actuator Shorted Or Open, Or DTC 18 - EVO Actuator Resistance Out Of Range
          • Pinpoint Test F: DTC 27 - EVO Actuator Circuit Open
          • Pinpoint Test G: DTC 28 - EVO Actuator Circuit Shorted
          • Pinpoint Test H: DTC 29 - EVO Actuator Circuit High Side Shorted To Ground
          • Pinpoint Test I: DTC 30 - EVO Actuator Circuit Shorted To Battery
          • Pinpoint Test J: DTC 31 - EVO Actuator Circuit Low Side Shorted To Ground
          • Pinpoint Test K: DTC 33 - Steering Rotation Not Detected
          • Pinpoint Test L: DTC 35 - Vehicle Speed Above 24 Km/h (15 mph) Not Detected
          • Pinpoint Test M: DTC 74 - Steering Rotation Not Detected
        • Component Tests
          • Steering Linkage
          • Sector Shaft Arm Inspection - Backlash
          • Pump Flow & Pressure Test
          • Turning Effort Test
          • Steering Gear Valve
      • General Procedures
        • System Flushing
        • Purging
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Fill
        • MESHLOAD Adjustment
          • Special Tool(s)
• Suspension
  • Electronic Suspension
    • Anti-Lock Brake System
      • Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Vehicle Dynamic Suspension
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Vehicle Dynamic Suspension
          • Notes
          • Principles Of Operation
          • Air Suspension Control Module
          • Air Suspension Switch
          • Air Compressor
          • Air Suspension Height Sensor
          • Solenoid Valve, Air Spring
          • Steering Sensor
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Using The Super Star II
          • Air Suspension Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Functional Tests
            • Notes
            • Pinpoint Test FT: Function Tests
          • Auto Test Diagnostics
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Air Suspension Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: Unable To Enter Auto Test
            • Pinpoint Test C: Auto Test
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC 39, Compressor Relay Control Circuit Short To Power
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC 40, Compressor Relay Control Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC 42, Air Spring Solenoid Circuit Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTC 43, Air Spring Solenoid Circuit Short To Power
            • Pinpoint Test H: DTC 44, Vent Solenoid Circuit Short To Power
            • Pinpoint Test I: DTC 45, Vent Solenoid Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test J: DTC 46, Air Suspension Height Sensor Supply Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test K: DTC 51, Unable To Detect Lowering Of Rear
            • Pinpoint Test L: DTC 54, Unable To Detect Raising Of Rear
            • Pinpoint Test M: DTC 55, Unable To Detect Vehicle Speed Greater Than 24 Km/H (15 mph)
            • Pinpoint Test N: DTC 60, Air Suspension Switch Short To Power
            • Pinpoint Test O: DTC 61, Air Suspension Switch Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test P: DTC 68, Air Suspension Height Sensor Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test Q: DTC 71, Air Suspension Height Sensor Circuit Open
            • Pinpoint Test R: DTC 72, Did Not Detect Four Open Or Closed Door Signals
            • Pinpoint Test S: DTC 80, Battery Voltage High Or Low
      • General Procedures
        • Ride Height Adjustments
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inflation & Deflation Of The Air Suspension System
        • Air Line Repair
        • Air Leaks
        • Air Line Fluid Purge
        • Air Spring Fill - Refold Procedure
      • Removal & Installation
        • Switch - Air Suspension
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Air Compressor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Drier - Air Compressor
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Module - Air Suspension Control
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Air Spring
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Solenoid Valve - Functional
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Solenoid Valve - Non-Functional
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Height Sensor - Air Suspension
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Front Suspension
    • Description
    • Adjustments & Inspection
      • Ball Joint Checking
      • Front Wheel Bearings
      • Ride Height
      • Wheel Alignment
    • Removal & Installation
      • Notes
      • Coil Spring
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Front Wheel Bearings
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Lower Ball Joint
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Lower Control Arm Assembly
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Shock Absorber
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Spindle Assembly
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Stabilizer Bar & Link Assembly
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Upper Ball Joint
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Upper Control Arm Assembly
        • Removal
        • Installation
    • Torque Specifications
      • Torque Specifications - Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis
      • Torque Specifications - Town Car
  • Rear Suspension
    • Torque Specifications
    • Description & Operation
    • Removal & Installation
      • Wheel Studs
        • Removal
          • Vehicles equipped with air suspension
          • All vehicles
        • Installation
          • Notes
          • All vehicles
          • Vehicles equipped with air suspension
      • Lower Arm
        • Notes
        • Removal
          • Notes
          • Vehicles equipped with air suspension
          • All vehicles
        • Installation
          • All vehicles
          • Vehicles equipped with air suspension
      • Upper Arm
        • Notes
        • Removal
          • Notes
          • Vehicles equipped with air suspension
          • All vehicles
        • Installation
          • All vehicles
          • Vehicles equipped with air suspension
      • Lateral Arm
        • Notes
        • Removal
          • Notes
          • Vehicles equipped with air suspension
          • All vehicles
        • Installation
          • All vehicles
          • Vehicles equipped with air suspension
      • Stabilizer Bar
        • Removal
          • Notes
          • Vehicles equipped with air suspension
          • All vehicles
        • Installation
      • Stabilizer Bar Link
        • Removal
          • Notes
          • Vehicles equipped with air suspension
          • All vehicles
        • Installation
      • Shock Absorber
        • Notes
        • Removal
          • Notes
          • Vehicles equipped with air suspension
          • All vehicles
        • Installation
          • All vehicles
          • Vehicles equipped with air suspension
      • Coil Spring
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Installation
    • Disassembly And Assembly
      • Lateral Arm
        • Disassembly
          • Notes
          • All vehicles
          • Vehicles equipped with air suspension
        • Assembly
  • Suspension Control Systems
    • Anti-Lock Brake System
      • Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Vehicle Dynamic Suspension
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Vehicle Dynamic Suspension
          • Notes
          • Principles Of Operation
          • Air Suspension Control Module
          • Air Suspension Switch
          • Air Compressor
          • Air Suspension Height Sensor
          • Solenoid Valve, Air Spring
          • Steering Sensor
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Using The Super Star II
          • Air Suspension Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Functional Tests
            • Notes
            • Pinpoint Test FT: Function Tests
          • Auto Test Diagnostics
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Air Suspension Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: Unable To Enter Auto Test
            • Pinpoint Test C: Auto Test
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC 39, Compressor Relay Control Circuit Short To Power
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC 40, Compressor Relay Control Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC 42, Air Spring Solenoid Circuit Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTC 43, Air Spring Solenoid Circuit Short To Power
            • Pinpoint Test H: DTC 44, Vent Solenoid Circuit Short To Power
            • Pinpoint Test I: DTC 45, Vent Solenoid Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test J: DTC 46, Air Suspension Height Sensor Supply Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test K: DTC 51, Unable To Detect Lowering Of Rear
            • Pinpoint Test L: DTC 54, Unable To Detect Raising Of Rear
            • Pinpoint Test M: DTC 55, Unable To Detect Vehicle Speed Greater Than 24 Km/H (15 mph)
            • Pinpoint Test N: DTC 60, Air Suspension Switch Short To Power
            • Pinpoint Test O: DTC 61, Air Suspension Switch Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test P: DTC 68, Air Suspension Height Sensor Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test Q: DTC 71, Air Suspension Height Sensor Circuit Open
            • Pinpoint Test R: DTC 72, Did Not Detect Four Open Or Closed Door Signals
            • Pinpoint Test S: DTC 80, Battery Voltage High Or Low
      • General Procedures
        • Ride Height Adjustments
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inflation & Deflation Of The Air Suspension System
        • Air Line Repair
        • Air Leaks
        • Air Line Fluid Purge
        • Air Spring Fill - Refold Procedure
      • Removal & Installation
        • Switch - Air Suspension
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Air Compressor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Drier - Air Compressor
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Module - Air Suspension Control
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Air Spring
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Solenoid Valve - Functional
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Solenoid Valve - Non-Functional
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Height Sensor - Air Suspension
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Wheel Alignment Specifications & Procedures
    • Jacking & Hoisting
      • Notes
      • Floor Jack
      • Hoist
    • Riding Height Adjustment
      • Notes
      • Checking Procedure
    • Wheel Alignment Procedures
      • Camber Adjustment
        • Notes
        • Front
        • Rear
      • Caster Adjustment
      • Toe-In Adjustment
        • Front
        • Rear
    • Torque Specifications
    • Wheel Alignment Specifications
• Transmission
  • Automatic Trans
    • Automatic Transmission
      • Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Transmission Description
        • Identification Tags
        • Range Selection
          • Notes
          • Park
          • Reverse
          • Neutral
          • Overdrive
          • Second Position
          • First Position
        • Shift Patterns
          • Upshifts
          • Downshifts
          • Coastdown
          • Torque Demand
          • Kickdown
        • Disassembled Views
        • Bushings, Bearing & Thrust Washer Locator
        • Seals, Rings & Gasket Locator
        • Main Components & Functions
        • Torque Converter
        • GEARTRAIN
          • Notes
          • Planetary Gearset
          • Input Shaft
          • Stub Shaft
          • Output Shaft
        • Apply Components
          • Notes
          • Band - Overdrive
          • Band - Low & Reverse
          • Clutch - Intermediate
          • Clutch - Forward
          • Clutch - Direct
          • Clutch - Reverse
          • One-Way Clutch - Planetary (Low)
          • One-Way Clutch - Intermediate
        • Hydraulic System
          • Notes
          • Fluid Pump
          • Filter
          • Main Control
          • Accumulators
        • Transmission Electronic Control System
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM)
          • Air Conditioning (A/C) Clutch
          • Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Switch
          • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
          • Ignition Coil - Coil On Plug
          • Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor
          • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor
          • Transmission Control Switch (TCS) & Transmission Control Indicator Lamp (TCIL)
          • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
          • Digital Transmission Range (TR) Sensor
          • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor
          • Electronic Pressure Control (EPC) Solenoid
          • Torque Converter Clutch (TCC) Solenoid
          • Shift Solenoid - SSA, SSB
          • Transmission Fluid Temperature (TFT) Sensor
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Diagnostic Strategy
          • Notes
          • Vehicle Speed (VSS) Sensor
          • Preliminary Inspection
          • Diagnostics
        • Know & Understand The Concern
        • Verification Of Condition
        • Determine Customer Concern
        • Road Testing Vehicle
          • Notes
          • Shift Point Road Test
            • Notes
            • 4R70W Shift Speeds Axle Ratio 2.73:1
            • 4R70W Shift Speeds Axle Ratio 3.08:1
            • 4R70W Shift Speeds Axle Ratio 3.55:1 (Police Package)
          • Torque Converter Diagnosis
            • Notes
            • Torque Converter Operation Test
        • Visual Inspection
          • Notes
          • Shift Linkage Check
          • Check TSBs & OASIS
          • Carry Out On-Board Diagnostics (KOEO, KOER)
        • Output State Control (OSC) Mode
          • Notes
          • Output State Control (OSC) Procedures
          • OSC-Transmission Bench Modes
            • Notes
            • SSA, SSB & TCC In Bench Mode
            • EPC in BENCH MODE
            • BENCH MODE Procedure For EPC
          • OSC - Transmission DRIVE MODES
          • GR__CM In DRIVE MODE
          • DRIVE MODE Procedure For GR_CM
          • TCC In DRIVE MODE
          • Drive Mode Procedures For TCC
          • EPC In DRIVE MODE
          • Using Output State Control & Accessing PIDs
          • OSC Parameter Chart
        • Transmission Drive Cycle Test
          • Notes
          • After On-Board Diagnostic
          • Before Pinpoint Tests
        • Diagnostic Trouble Code Charts
          • Notes
          • Rotunda Transmission Tester
        • Transmission Connector Layouts
          • Notes
          • Wiggle Test Information For Open/Shorts
        • Pinpoint Tests - OSC Equipped Vehicles
          • Notes
          • Shift Solenoids Pre-Diagnosis
          • Shift Solenoid Failure Mode Chart "Always Off"
          • Shift Solenoid Failure Mode Chart "Always On"
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: Shift & Torque Converter Clutch Solenoids
          • Pinpoint Test B: Transmission Fluid Temperature (TFT) Sensor
          • Pinpoint Test C: Digital Transmission Range (TR) Sensor
          • Pinpoint Test D: Electrical Pressure Control (EPC) Solenoid
          • Pinpoint Test E: Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensors
          • Pinpoint Test F: Solenoid Mechanical Failure
        • Special Testing Procedures
          • Notes
          • Engine Idle Speed Check
          • Line Pressure Test
          • Stall Speed Test
          • Air Pressure Tests
          • Clutch Pressure Test
        • Leakage Inspection
          • Notes
          • Fluid Leakage In Torque Converter Area
          • Leak Check Test
          • Leak Check Test With Black Light Used With 12 Volt Master UV Diagnostic Inspection Kit
        • Transmission Fluid Cooler
        • Diagnosis By Symptom
          • Notes
          • Diagnosis By Symptom Index
      • General Procedures
        • Transmission Fluid Cooler Tubes - BACKFLUSHING & Cleaning
        • Transmission Fluid Drain & Refill
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials Needed
          • Draining
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles Using A Suitable Flush & Fill Machine
            • Vehicles Equipped With A Torque Converter Drain Plug
            • Vehicles Without A Torque Converter Drain Plug
      • In-Vehicle Repair
        • Fluid Pan, Gasket & Filter
          • Materials Needed
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Transmission Filler Tube
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Main Control Valve Body
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Extension Housing Seal & Gasket
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Electronic Pressure Control (EPC) Solenoid
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Manual Control Lever Shaft & Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Digital Transmission Range (Tr) Sensor
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Reverse Servo Assembly
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Overdrive Servo
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • 1-2 Accumulator
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • 2-3 Accumulator
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Transmission Insulator & Retainer
          • Removal
        • Transmission Support CROSSMEMBER
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Removal
        • Transmission
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
      • Disassembly
        • Transmission
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
      • Disassembly & Assembly Of Subassemblies
        • Main Control Valve Body
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Pump & Intermediate Clutch Piston
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Intermediate One-Way Clutch
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Reverse Clutch
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials Needed
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Forward Clutch Cylinder
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials Needed
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Planetary Gear Support Assembly & Planetary One-Way Clutch
          • Notes
          • Disassembly & Assembly
        • Reverse Sun Gear
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Output Shaft & Direct Clutch Cylinder
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials Needed
          • Output Shaft, Direct Clutch Cylinder & Ring Gear - Disassembled View
          • Direct Clutch - Disassembled View
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Torque Converter
          • Procedure
        • Torque Converter Cleaning & Inspection
          • Procedure
        • Torque Converter Flushing
          • Materials Needed
          • Procedure
        • Torque Converter Leak Check
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Procedure
        • Torque Converter Impeller To Pump Stator Interference Check
          • Procedure
        • Torque Converter End Play Check
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Procedure
        • Torque Converter One-Way Clutch Check
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Procedure
        • Torque Converter Turbine To Pump Stator Interference Check
          • Procedure
      • Assembly
        • Transmission
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials Needed
          • Procedure
      • Installation
        • Transmission
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials Needed
          • Procedure
    • Automatic Transmission - Diagnosis - 4R70W
      • Application
      • Identification
      • Description & Operation
        • Introduction
        • Electronic Control System
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Formats
          • Retrieving DTCs
          • Key On, Engine Off (KOEO) Self-Test
          • Key On, Engine Running (KOER) Self-Test
          • BPP, PSP & TCS Test Procedures
          • Continuous Memory Self-Test
        • Powertrain Control Module
        • Input Sensors
          • Notes
          • Air Conditioning Clutch Switch
          • Anti-Lock Brake Speed Sensor
          • Brake Pedal Position Switch
          • Digital Transmission Range Sensor
          • Electronic Ignition
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature Sensor
          • Mass Airflow Sensor
          • Output Shaft Speed Sensor
          • Programmable Speedometer/Odometer Module
          • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Transmission Control Switch/Transmission Control Indicator Light
          • Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor
          • Vehicle Speed Sensor
        • Output Devices
          • Electronic Pressure Control Solenoid
          • Shift Solenoid Assemblies
          • Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid
        • Shift Interlock System
      • Component Locations
      • Programming
        • Notes
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Notes
          • Flash Vehicle Identification Block Procedure
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Preliminary Inspection
        • Symptom Diagnosis (Electronic)
          • Harsh Forward Engagement Only
          • Harsh Reverse Engagement Only
          • Some Or All Shifts Missing
          • Some Or All Shifts Early Or Late
          • Erratic Or Hunting Shifts
          • Soft Or Slipping Shifts
          • Harsh Shifts
          • No 1st Gear In Drive, Engages In Higher Gear
          • No Manual 1st Or 2nd Gear
          • No 1-2, 2-3 Or 3-4 Upshift In "D" Position
          • No 4-3, 3-2 Or 2-1 Downshift In "D" Position
          • No TCC Engagement
          • TCC Always Engaged
          • TCC Cycling, Shuddering Or Chattering
          • Poor Vehicle Performance
          • Engine Will Not Crank
        • Symptom Diagnosis (Mechanical)
          • Notes
          • No Forward Gears
          • No Reverse
          • Harsh Reverse Engagement
          • Harsh Forward Engagement
          • Delayed/Soft Reverse Engagement
          • Delayed/Soft Forward Engagement
          • Some Or All Shifts Missing
          • Early/Late Shift Speeds
          • Erratic/Hunting Shifting
          • Soft/Slipping Shift Feel
          • Harsh Shift Feel
          • No 1st Gear In Drive, Engages In Higher Gear
          • No Manual Low Gear
          • No Manual 2nd Gear
          • No 1-2 Shift In "D" Position
          • No 2-3 Shift In "D" Position
          • No 3-4 Shift In "D" Position
          • No 4-3 Downshift In "D" Position
          • No 3-2 Downshift In "D" Position
          • No 2-1 Downshift In "D" Position
          • No Torque Converter Clutch Application
          • Torque Converter Clutch Always Applied
          • Torque Converter Clutch Cycling/Shudder/Chatter
          • No Engine Braking In 2nd Gear, Manual 2nd Or 1st Gear
          • Poor Vehicle Performance
          • Transmission Overheating
        • Clutch & Band Applications
      • Performance Tests
        • Road Test
        • Shift Speed Specifications
        • Hydraulic Pressure Tests
          • Notes
          • Line Pressure Test
          • EPC Pressure Check
          • Clutch Pressure Test
        • Line Pressure Test Results
          • High At Idle In All Ranges
          • Low At Idle In All Ranges
          • Low In "P"
          • Low In "R"
          • Low In "N"
          • Low In "OD"
          • Low In "2nd"
          • Low In "1st"
        • Stall Speed Test
          • Notes
          • Testing Precautions
          • Testing Procedure
        • Stall Speed Test Results
          • Low In All Ranges
          • High In "OD" Position
          • High In "OD", "2" & "1" Position
          • High In "D", "2", "1" & "R" Position
          • High In "R" Position
        • Air Pressure Tests
          • Test Procedures
          • Reverse Clutch
          • Forward Clutch
          • Intermediate Clutch
          • Overdrive Servo
          • Reverse Servo
          • Direct Clutch
          • 2-3 Accumulator
          • 1-2 Accumulator
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Retrieving Diagnostic Trouble Codes (Quick Test)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Visual Check
          • Vehicle Preparation & Equipment Hook-Up
          • Key On Engine Off (KOEO) Self-Test
          • Key On Engine Running (KOER) Self-Test
          • Continuous Memory Self-Test
        • Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
        • Clearing Diagnostic Trouble Codes
          • Notes
          • PCM Reset
        • Scan Tool Unable To Communicate
        • Additional System Functions
        • Torque CONVERTOR Engagement Test
        • Transmission Drive Cycle Test
        • Output State Control Modes
          • Notes
          • OSC Preliminary Procedures
          • TCC & Shift Solenoids (Bench Mode)
          • EPC Solenoid (Bench Mode)
          • GR _ CM Mode (Drive Mode)
          • TCC Mode (Drive Mode)
          • EPC Mode (Drive Mode)
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Notes
        • How To Use Diagnostic Tests
        • Test A: Shift & TCC Solenoids
        • Test B: TFT Sensor
        • Test C: Digital Transmission Range Sensor
        • Test D: Electronic Pressure Control Solenoid
        • Test E: Output Shaft Speed Sensor
        • Test F: Solenoid Mechanical Failure
      • Symptom Tests
        • Transmission Control Switch/Transmission Control Indicator Lamp Does Not Function
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Automatic Transmission Cooler
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Transmission Cooling
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Transmission Cooling
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
      • General Procedures
        • Transmission Fluid Cooler - BACKFLUSHING & Cleaning
      • Removal & Installation
        • Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Cooler
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Transmission Fluid Cooler Tubes
          • Removal & Installation
    • Automatic Transmission External Controls
      • Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • External Controls - Column Shifter
          • Transmission Shift Control Linkage
          • Shift Interlock System
          • Transmission Control Switch (TCS)
        • External Controls - Floor Shifter
          • Transmission Shift Control Linkage
          • Shift Interlock System
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • External Controls
          • Notes
          • Transmission Control Switch (TCS)
          • Inspection & Verification
        • Symptom Chart - Column Shift
        • Pinpoint Tests - Column Shift
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Shift Interlock System Does Not Release/Lock Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test B: The Shift Control Is Out Of Correct Gear Relationship
          • Pinpoint Test C: The Control Linkage Is Binding
          • Pinpoint Test D: The Transmission Control Switch (TCS) Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test E: The Transmission Control Indicator Lamp (TCIL) Is Illuminated Continuously
        • Symptom Chart - Floor Shifter
        • Pinpoint Tests - Floor Shifter
          • Pinpoint Test F: The Shift Interlock System Does Not Release/Lock Correctly - Floor Shift
          • Pinpoint Test G: The Shift Control Is Out Of Correct Gear Relationship - Floor Shift
          • Pinpoint Test H: The Control Linkage Is Binding - Floor Shift
          • Pinpoint Test I: The Transmission Control Switch (TCS) Does Not Operate Correctly - Floor Shift
          • Pinpoint Test J: The Transmission Control Indicator Lamp (TCIL) Is Illuminated Continuously - Floor Shift
      • General Procedures
        • Selector Lever Cable Adjustment - Column Shifter
        • Selector Lever Cable Adjustment - Floor Shifter
        • Selector Lever Indicator Adjustment
      • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Shift Interlock Actuator - Column Shifter
          • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Shift Interlock Actuator - Floor Shifter
          • Removal & Installation
        • Selector Lever Cable & Bracket - Column Shifter
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Selector Lever Cable & Bracket - Floor Shifter
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Selector Lever - Column Shifter
          • Removal & Installation
        • Selector Lever - Floor Shifter
          • Removal & Installation
  • Automatic Transmission - Hydraulic Diagrams - 4R70W
    • Automatic Transmission - Hydraulic Diagrams - 4R70W
  • Transmission Control Systems
    • Automatic Transmission
      • Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Transmission Description
        • Identification Tags
        • Range Selection
          • Notes
          • Park
          • Reverse
          • Neutral
          • Overdrive
          • Second Position
          • First Position
        • Shift Patterns
          • Upshifts
          • Downshifts
          • Coastdown
          • Torque Demand
          • Kickdown
        • Disassembled Views
        • Bushings, Bearing & Thrust Washer Locator
        • Seals, Rings & Gasket Locator
        • Main Components & Functions
        • Torque Converter
        • GEARTRAIN
          • Notes
          • Planetary Gearset
          • Input Shaft
          • Stub Shaft
          • Output Shaft
        • Apply Components
          • Notes
          • Band - Overdrive
          • Band - Low & Reverse
          • Clutch - Intermediate
          • Clutch - Forward
          • Clutch - Direct
          • Clutch - Reverse
          • One-Way Clutch - Planetary (Low)
          • One-Way Clutch - Intermediate
        • Hydraulic System
          • Notes
          • Fluid Pump
          • Filter
          • Main Control
          • Accumulators
        • Transmission Electronic Control System
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM)
          • Air Conditioning (A/C) Clutch
          • Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Switch
          • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
          • Ignition Coil - Coil On Plug
          • Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor
          • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor
          • Transmission Control Switch (TCS) & Transmission Control Indicator Lamp (TCIL)
          • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
          • Digital Transmission Range (TR) Sensor
          • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor
          • Electronic Pressure Control (EPC) Solenoid
          • Torque Converter Clutch (TCC) Solenoid
          • Shift Solenoid - SSA, SSB
          • Transmission Fluid Temperature (TFT) Sensor
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Diagnostic Strategy
          • Notes
          • Vehicle Speed (VSS) Sensor
          • Preliminary Inspection
          • Diagnostics
        • Know & Understand The Concern
        • Verification Of Condition
        • Determine Customer Concern
        • Road Testing Vehicle
          • Notes
          • Shift Point Road Test
            • Notes
            • 4R70W Shift Speeds Axle Ratio 2.73:1
            • 4R70W Shift Speeds Axle Ratio 3.08:1
            • 4R70W Shift Speeds Axle Ratio 3.55:1 (Police Package)
          • Torque Converter Diagnosis
            • Notes
            • Torque Converter Operation Test
        • Visual Inspection
          • Notes
          • Shift Linkage Check
          • Check TSBs & OASIS
          • Carry Out On-Board Diagnostics (KOEO, KOER)
        • Output State Control (OSC) Mode
          • Notes
          • Output State Control (OSC) Procedures
          • OSC-Transmission Bench Modes
            • Notes
            • SSA, SSB & TCC In Bench Mode
            • EPC in BENCH MODE
            • BENCH MODE Procedure For EPC
          • OSC - Transmission DRIVE MODES
          • GR__CM In DRIVE MODE
          • DRIVE MODE Procedure For GR_CM
          • TCC In DRIVE MODE
          • Drive Mode Procedures For TCC
          • EPC In DRIVE MODE
          • Using Output State Control & Accessing PIDs
          • OSC Parameter Chart
        • Transmission Drive Cycle Test
          • Notes
          • After On-Board Diagnostic
          • Before Pinpoint Tests
        • Diagnostic Trouble Code Charts
          • Notes
          • Rotunda Transmission Tester
        • Transmission Connector Layouts
          • Notes
          • Wiggle Test Information For Open/Shorts
        • Pinpoint Tests - OSC Equipped Vehicles
          • Notes
          • Shift Solenoids Pre-Diagnosis
          • Shift Solenoid Failure Mode Chart "Always Off"
          • Shift Solenoid Failure Mode Chart "Always On"
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: Shift & Torque Converter Clutch Solenoids
          • Pinpoint Test B: Transmission Fluid Temperature (TFT) Sensor
          • Pinpoint Test C: Digital Transmission Range (TR) Sensor
          • Pinpoint Test D: Electrical Pressure Control (EPC) Solenoid
          • Pinpoint Test E: Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensors
          • Pinpoint Test F: Solenoid Mechanical Failure
        • Special Testing Procedures
          • Notes
          • Engine Idle Speed Check
          • Line Pressure Test
          • Stall Speed Test
          • Air Pressure Tests
          • Clutch Pressure Test
        • Leakage Inspection
          • Notes
          • Fluid Leakage In Torque Converter Area
          • Leak Check Test
          • Leak Check Test With Black Light Used With 12 Volt Master UV Diagnostic Inspection Kit
        • Transmission Fluid Cooler
        • Diagnosis By Symptom
          • Notes
          • Diagnosis By Symptom Index
      • General Procedures
        • Transmission Fluid Cooler Tubes - BACKFLUSHING & Cleaning
        • Transmission Fluid Drain & Refill
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials Needed
          • Draining
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles Using A Suitable Flush & Fill Machine
            • Vehicles Equipped With A Torque Converter Drain Plug
            • Vehicles Without A Torque Converter Drain Plug
      • In-Vehicle Repair
        • Fluid Pan, Gasket & Filter
          • Materials Needed
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Transmission Filler Tube
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Main Control Valve Body
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Extension Housing Seal & Gasket
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Electronic Pressure Control (EPC) Solenoid
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Manual Control Lever Shaft & Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Digital Transmission Range (Tr) Sensor
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Reverse Servo Assembly
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Overdrive Servo
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • 1-2 Accumulator
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • 2-3 Accumulator
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Transmission Insulator & Retainer
          • Removal
        • Transmission Support CROSSMEMBER
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Removal
        • Transmission
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
      • Disassembly
        • Transmission
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
      • Disassembly & Assembly Of Subassemblies
        • Main Control Valve Body
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Pump & Intermediate Clutch Piston
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Intermediate One-Way Clutch
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Reverse Clutch
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials Needed
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Forward Clutch Cylinder
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials Needed
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Planetary Gear Support Assembly & Planetary One-Way Clutch
          • Notes
          • Disassembly & Assembly
        • Reverse Sun Gear
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Output Shaft & Direct Clutch Cylinder
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials Needed
          • Output Shaft, Direct Clutch Cylinder & Ring Gear - Disassembled View
          • Direct Clutch - Disassembled View
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Torque Converter
          • Procedure
        • Torque Converter Cleaning & Inspection
          • Procedure
        • Torque Converter Flushing
          • Materials Needed
          • Procedure
        • Torque Converter Leak Check
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Procedure
        • Torque Converter Impeller To Pump Stator Interference Check
          • Procedure
        • Torque Converter End Play Check
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Procedure
        • Torque Converter One-Way Clutch Check
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Procedure
        • Torque Converter Turbine To Pump Stator Interference Check
          • Procedure
      • Assembly
        • Transmission
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials Needed
          • Procedure
      • Installation
        • Transmission
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials Needed
          • Procedure
• External Pages