Repair and Diagnosis (Single Page)

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• Quick Lookups
  • Common Specs & Procedures
    • Specifications Index
  • DTC Index
    • Air Bag Restraint Systems DTCS
    • Anti-Lock Brakes DTCS
    • Anti-Theft Systems DTCS
      • Passive Anti-Theft System
      • Perimeter Anti-Theft System
    • Automatic Transmission DTCS
    • Electric Cooling Fans DTCS
    • Evaporative Emissions DTCS
    • Generators & Regulators DTCS
    • Exterior Lighting DTCS
    • Instrument Panels DTCS
      • Instrument Panels
        • Instrument Cluster DTCS
        • Generic Electronic Module (Gem) DTCS
        • Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) DTCS
      • Instrument Cluster & Panel Illumination
    • Interior Lighting DTCS
    • Power Door Locks & Remote Keyless Entry DTCS
    • Power Windows DTCS
    • Self-Diagnostics DTCS
    • Warning Devices DTCS
    • Wiper/Washer Systems DTCS
  • Electrical Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
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        • ACURA
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        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
      • Grounds
      • Splices
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fluids
  • Technical Bulletins
    • Campaigns
    • Safety Recalls
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Tire Fitment
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • Inline Connector end view (C146)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Left Front Connector End View (C150)
        • ABS Control Module Connector End View (C155A)
        • ABS Control Module Connector End View (C155B)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Right Front Connector End View (C160)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) Sensor Connector End View (C167)
        • 4R100 Transmission Connector End View (C168)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) #11 Connector End View (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) #21 Connector End View (C172)
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor Connector End View (C174)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector End View (C175)
        • Forward Crash Sensor Connector End View (C177)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C182)
        • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View (C183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C185)
        • Fuel Injector 7 Connector End View (C186)
        • Fuel Injector 7 Connector End View (C187)
        • Fuel Injector 8 Connector End View (C188)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C189)
        • Inlet Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Module Connector End View (C191)
        • Inline Connector end view (C192)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Connector End View (C193)
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor 2 Connector End View (C194)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197A)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197B)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202A)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202B)
        • Main Light Switch Connector End View (C205)
        • Inline Connector end view (C210)
        • Inline Connector end view (C211)
        • Inline Connector end view (C212)
        • Inline Connector end view (C213)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218A)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218B)
        • Inline Connector end view (C219)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220A)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220B)
        • Instrument Cluster Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220C)
        • Inline Connector end view (C237)
        • Inline Connector end view (C238)
        • Inline Connector end view (C248)
        • Ignition Switch Connector End View (C250)
        • Data Link Connector End View (DLC) Connector End View (C251)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connector End View (C256)
        • Inline Connector end view (C275)
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C278)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch Connector End View (C282)
        • Temperature Blend Door Actuator Connector End View (C289)
        • Inline Connector end view (C291)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly Front Connector End View (C294A)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294B)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294C)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294D)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294E)
        • Inline Connector end view (C298)
        • Inline Connector end view (C299)
        • Inline Connector end view (C300)
        • Passenger Safety Belt, Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C303)
        • Inline Connector end view (C311)
        • Inline Connector end view (C312)
        • Inline Connector end view (C313)
        • Inline Connector end view (C314)
        • Inline Connector end view (C315)
        • Inline Connector end view (C316)
        • Driver Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C323)
        • Inline Connector end view (C327)
        • Inline Connector end view (C328)
        • Inline Connector end view (C339)
        • Inline Connector end view (C340)
        • Power Seat Motor Assembly, Left Connector End View (C353)
        • Seat Adjust Switch, Driver Side Front Connector End View (C360)
        • Power Point Connector End View (C380)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Right Connector End View (C384)
        • Sliding Door Ajar Switch, Right Connector End View (C398)
        • Inline Connector end view (C405)
        • Inline Connector end view (C406)
        • Inline Connector end view (C411)
        • Lamp Assembly, Left Rear Connector End View (C414)
        • Lamp Assembly, Right Rear Connector End View (C417)
        • Inline Connector end view (C421)
        • Inline Connector end view (C422)
        • Inline Connector end view (C423)
        • Inline Connector end view (C431)
        • Inline Connector end view (C432)
        • Inline Connector end view (C438)
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Vent Valve Connector End View (C450)
        • Reversing Lamp, Left Connector End View (C451)
        • Rear Axle Speed Sensor Connector End View (C455)
        • Reversing Lamp, right Connector End View (C461)
        • High Mounted Stoplamp Connector End View (C475)
        • Speaker, Left Rear Connector End View (C484)
        • Speaker, Right Rear Connector End View (C485)
        • Master Window/Door Lock/Unlock Switch Connector End View (C508)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Driver Side Connector End View (C521)
        • Speaker, Left Front Connector End View (C523)
        • Power Window Motor, Drive Side Front Connector End View (C524)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Left Front Connector End View (C525)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector End View (C527)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Passenger Side Connector End View (C601)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Right Front Connector End View (C603)
        • Power Window Motor, Passenger Side Front Connector End View (C608)
        • Speaker, Right Front Connector End View (C612)
        • Front Passenger Window/Door Lock Switch Connector End View (C629)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Right Connector End View (C806)
        • Speaker, Right Middle Connector End View (C813)
        • Side Door Ajar Switch, Right Connector End View (C816)
        • Side Door Lock Actuator, Right Connector End View (C817)
        • Vanity Mirror Lamp, Right Connector End View (C906)
        • Vanity Mirror Lamp, Left Connector End View (C907)
        • Inline Connector end view (C913)
        • Inline Connector end view (C919)
        • Inline Connector end view (C922)
        • Cargo Lamp Connector End View (C926)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C929)
        • Overhead Console Connector End View (C930)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C931)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Rear Connector End View (C932)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Rear Connector End View (C951)
        • Roof Marker Lamp, Left Connector End View (C970)
        • Roof Marker Lamp, Left Center Connector End View (C971)
        • Roof Marker Lamp, Center Connector End View (C972)
        • Roof Marker Lamp, Right Center Connector End View (C973)
        • Roof Marker Lamp, Right Connector End View (C974)
        • Video Display, Left Connector End View (C976)
        • Video Display, Right Connector End View (C977)
        • Horn Relay Connector End View (C1006)
        • A/C Clutch Relay Connector End View (C1008)
        • Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) Module Connector End View (C1009)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1010)
        • Blower Motor Relay Connector End View (C1011)
        • PCM Power Relay Connector End View (C1016)
        • Starter Relay (11450) Connector End View (C1017A)
        • Starter Relay Connector End View (C1017B)
        • Starter Relay (11450) Connector End View (C1017C)
        • PCM Power Diode Connector End View (C1018)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1019)
        • Headlamp, Left Connector End View (C1021)
        • Park/Turn Lamp Left Front Connector End View (C1023)
        • Deactivator Switch Connector End View (C1025)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1026)
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) Module Connector End View (C1030)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1033)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) Connector End View (C1035A)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) Connector End View (C1035B)
        • Headlamp, Right Connector End View (C1041)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1043)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1045)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1046)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1047)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sender Connector End View (C1061)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1065)
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve Connector End View (C1066)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) Sensor Connector End View (C1068)
        • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid Connector End View (C1072)
        • Fuel Heater Connector End View (C1076)
        • A/C High Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1078)
        • Glow Plug Relay Connector End View (C1084A)
        • Glow Plug Relay Connector End View (C1084B)
        • Glow Plug Relay Connector End View (C1084c)
        • Glow Pug Relay Connector End View (C1084d)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor Connector End View (C1087)
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Connector End View (C1088)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100a)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100B)
        • Generator Connector End View (C1104a)
        • Generator Connector End View (C1104B)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) Sensor Connector End View (C1130)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1147)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1148)
        • Cylinder... Head Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C1164)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1168)
        • Injector Driver Module (IDM) Connector End View (C1174)
        • Trailer Low Relay, Reversing Lamp Connector End View (C1178)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C1181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C1182)
        • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View (C1183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C1184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C1185)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C1186)
        • Trailer Tow Relay Parking Lamp Connector End View (C1199)
        • Trailer Tow Relay, Battery Charge Connector End View (C1200)
        • Fuel Injector 9 Connector End View (C1204)
        • Fuel Injector 10 Connector End View (C1205)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector End View (C1206)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector End View (C1207)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1220)
        • Front Blower Motor Connector End View (C1227)
        • Blower Motor Resistor Connector End View (C1228)
        • Injector Driver Module (IDM) Power Relay Connector End View (C1235)
        • Air Intake Heater Grid Connector End View (C1239A)
        • Air Intake Heater Grid Connector End View (C1239B)
        • Injector Pressure Regulator (IPR) Connector End View (C1242)
        • Injector Control Pressure (ICP) Sensor Connector End View (C1244)
        • Manifold Intake Air Heater Relay Connector End View (C1245A)
        • Manifold Intake Air Heater Relay Connector End View (C1245B)
        • Manifold Intake Air Heater Relay Connector End View (C1245C)
        • Manifold Intake Air Heater Relay Connector End View (C1245d)
        • Battery II Connector End View (C1249a)
        • Battery II Connector End View (C1249B)
        • Stop Lamp Relay Connector End View (C1250)
        • Generator, Secondary Connector End View (C1251a)
        • Generator, Secondary Connector End View (C1251b)
        • Vacuum Warning Switch Connector End View (C1252)
        • Fuel Pump Connector End View (C1253)
        • Natural Gas (Vehicle (NGV) Timer Jumper Connector End View (C1254)
        • ABS Relay Connector End View (C1255)
        • High Pitch Horn Connector End View (C1256)
        • Fuel Rail Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C1257)
        • Fuel Rail Cutoff Valve Connector End View (C1258)
        • Clearance Lamp Relay Connector End View (C1259)
        • Exhaust Back Pressure (EBP) Sensor Connector End View (C1271)
        • Exhaust Pressure Regulator (EPR) Connector End View (C1272)
        • Glow Plug Control Module (GPCM) Connector End View (C1273A)
        • Glow Plug Control Module (GPCM) Connector End View (C1273B)
        • 4R70W Transmission Connector End View (C1274)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor (6B288) Connector End View (C1275)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sender Connector End View (C1276)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1278)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1279)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1282)
        • Auxiliary Battery Relay Connector End View (C1283A)
        • Auxiliary Battery Relay Connector End View (C1283B)
        • Auxiliary Battery Relay Connector End View (C1283C)
        • Headlamp Left Connector End View (C1284)
        • Headlamp, Right Connector End View (C1285)
        • Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Module Connector End View (C1286)
        • Fuel Injector 7 Connector End View (C1312)
        • Fuel Injector 8 Connector End View (C1313)
        • Valve Cover Assembly, Left Connector End View (C1317)
        • Valve Cover Assembly, Right Connector End View (C1318)
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector End View (C2008)
        • N***3 Parking Brake Switch Connector End View (C2015)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031)
        • Power Point Connector End View (C2033)
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Connector End View (C2040)
        • Overdrive Cancel Switch Connector End View (C2136)
        • Electronic Flasher Module Connector End View (C2141)
        • Warning Buzzer Chime Module Connector End View (C2156)
        • Wiper Control Module (WCM) Connector End View (C2157)
        • Idle Validation Switch Connector End View (C2172)
        • Auxiliary Powertrain Control Module (APCM) Connector End View (C2176)
        • ABS Relay Connector End View (C2186)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2187)
        • Radio Connector End View (C2188a)
        • Radio Connector End View (C2188B)
        • Driveline Disconnect Switch Connector End View (C2190)
        • Electronic Crash Sensor (ECS) Module Connector End View (C2209)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3007)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3047)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3049)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3050)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3051)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3052)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3053)
        • Power Point, Console 1 Connector End View (C3063)
        • Power Point, Console 2 Connector End View (C3064)
        • Video Cassette Player Connector End View (C3076)
        • Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) Module Connector End View (C3077a)
        • Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) Module Connector End View (C3077B)
        • Fuel Sender Connector End View (C3104)
        • Extended Range Fuel Tank Valve 1 Connector End View (C3122)
        • Fuel Talk Pressure Transducer Sensor Connector End View (C3123)
        • Fuel Talk Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C3124)
        • Aft...Axle Fuel Talk Valve, Front Connector End View (C3125)
        • Aft...Axle Fuel Talk Valve, Rear Connector End View (C3126)
        • Fuel Pump Module Connector End View (C3127)
        • In... Transit Fuel Pump Module Connector End View (C3128)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Left Front Connector End View (C3129)
        • Speaker, Left Middle Connector End View (C3130)
        • Memory Lock Module Lock Jumper Connector End View (C3131)
        • Midship Fuel Tank Valve Connector End View (C3132)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3133)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3134)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3135)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3136)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3137)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3138)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3139)
        • Remote Keyless Entry Module Connector End View (C3140A)
        • Remote Keyless Entry Module Connector End View (C3140B)
        • Door Ajar Switch Right Front Connector End View (C3141)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3149)
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Transducer Sensor Connector End View (C3166)
        • Reversing Alarm Speaker Connector End View (C4015a)
        • Reversing Alarm Speaker Connector End View (C4015b)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Right Rear Connector End View (C4032)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Left Rear Connector End View (C4035)
        • License Plate Lamp Connector End View (C4046)
        • Trailer Tow Connector, 4...Pin Connector End View (C4098)
        • Trailer Tow Connector, 7...Pin Connector End View (C4099)
        • Auxiliary Blower Motor Connector End View (C4106)
        • Auxiliary Bower Motor Resistor Assembly Connector End View (C4107)
        • Rear A/C Blower Speed Relay 1 Connector End View (C4117)
        • Rear A/C Blower Speed Relay 2 Connector End View (C4118)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Rear Doors Connector End View (C4119)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Rear Doors Connector End View (C4120)
        • Door Lock Switch, Rear Doors Connector End View (C4121)
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
        • Notes
        • 2.0L
        • 3.0L
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Body Control Modules
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cooling Fan
        • 2.0L
        • 3.0L
      • Cruise Control
      • Defoggers
      • Engine Performance
        • 2.0L
        • 3.0L
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Seats
      • Power Top/Sunroof
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlock
      • Starting/Charging
        • Notes
        • 2.0L
        • 3.0L
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Accessories & Equipment
  • Anti-Theft Systems
    • Anti-Theft System - Pats
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Theft - Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Theft - Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS)
          • Wiring Diagrams
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Principles of Operation
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Inspection and Verification
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) Index
          • PCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) Descriptions
          • Expanded Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) Descriptions
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Symptom Chart
          • Symptom Chart
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: Antenna Not Connected
          • Pinpoint Test B: Pats Ignition Key Transponder Signal Is Not Received
          • Pinpoint Test C: Pats Received Incorrect Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
          • Pinpoint Test D: Pats Received Invalid Format Of Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
          • Pinpoint Test E: Pats Transceiver Module Signal Is Not Received
          • Pinpoint Test F: Anti-Theft Number Of Programmed Keys Is Below Minimum
          • Pinpoint Test G: The Engine Does Not Crank - The Anti-Theft Led Proves Out Normally
      • General Procedures
        • Key Programming Using Two Programmed Keys
        • Spare Key Programming - Using Diagnostic Equipment
        • Key Programming Switch State Control
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Equipment
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Anti-Theft Security Access
      • Removal And Installation
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) Transceiver
          • Removal and Installation
    • Anti-Theft System - Perimeter
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Theft - Perimeter
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Theft - Perimeter
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Anti-Theft - Perimeter
            • Inspection and Verification
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Alarm System Does Not Arm/Disarm - From A Door Lock Cylinder Switch
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Alarm System Does Not Arm/Disarm - Using The Keyless Entry Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Alarm System Does Not Arm/Disarm - Inoperative From Hood Switch
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Alarm System Does Not Arm/Disarm - Headlamps, Flashers Or Horn Does Cycle During Anti-Theft Activation
    • Handles, Locks, Latches & Entry Systems
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Lock Repair/Replacement Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Handles, Locks, Latches and Entry Systems
          • Notes
          • Keyless Entry
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Locks, Latches and Entry Systems
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Power Door Locks
          • Keyless Entry
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Door Locks Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From One Switch
            • Pinpoint Test C: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From A Single Lock Cylinder Switch
            • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Door Lock Is Inoperative - Passenger Doors
            • Pinpoint Test E: A Single Door Lock Is Inoperative - Driver Door
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Door Locks Operate Only One Way
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Keyless Entry Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test H: Keyless Entry Remote Transmitter Out Of Synchronization
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Panic Feature Does Not Operate Correctly - Unlock And Lock Operate Correctly
      • General Procedures
        • Remote Transmitter Programming
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hood Latch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Door Latch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Door Latch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Liftgate Window Latch
          • Removal and Installation
          • Installation
        • Liftgate Latch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Hood Latch Release Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Front Door Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Rear Door Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Interior Door Handle
          • Removal and installation
        • Door Lock Cylinder
          • Removal and Installation
        • Liftgate Latch Remote Control
          • Removal and Installation
        • Liftgate Latch Actuator
          • Removal and Installation
    • Passive Anti-Theft System Job Aid
      • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) Specifications
        • Ford System (Pats) Specifications
        • LINCOLN System (Pats) Specifications
        • Mercury System (Pats) Specifications
      • Pats Key Types
      • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
      • Non-Pats Issues
      • Things To Do:
      • Things Not To Do:
      • Programming Procedures
        • Notes
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #1
          • Procedure #2
          • Procedure #3
        • Spare Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #4
        • Spare Key Programming Using Programmed Keys
          • Procedure #5
          • Procedure #6
        • Replacing Pats Control Module Or Pcm
          • Procedure #7
          • Procedure #8
    • Remote Keyless Entry System [Transmitter Programming Procedures]
      • Programming Methods & Transmitter Types
        • Programming Method And Transmitter Type Application
        • Transmitter Type Identification
        • Programming Methods
          • Programming Method A
          • Programming Method D
          • Programming Method I
          • Programming Method K
          • Programming Method L
          • Programming Method M
          • Programming Method N
          • Programming Method O
      • Helpful Hints
        • Remote Entry Programming Procedure
        • Poor Operating Range Performance
        • Miscellaneous
  • Communication Devices
    • Module Communications Network System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Communications Network
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Communications Network
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test Pc: Data Link Diagnostics Network Test
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Anti-Lock Brake System (Abs) Control Module Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Restraint Control Module (RCM) Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Generic Electronic Module (Gem) Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Instrument Cluster (Ic) Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool
            • Pinpoint Test F: No Module/Network Communication - ISO 9141 Network
            • Pinpoint Test G: No Module/Network Communication - SCP Network
            • Pinpoint Test H: No Module/Network Communication - No Power To The Diagnostic Tool
      • General Procedures
        • Communication Circuit Wiring Repair
          • Special Tool(s)
    • Module Configuration System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Module Configuration
          • Special Tools
          • Principles of Operation
          • Programmable Module Installation (PMI)
          • Vehicle Identification (VID) Block
          • As-Built Data Center
          • Customer Preference Items
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Module Configuration Index
          • Diagnostic Tool Message Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Unable To Configure The New Module
      • General Procedures
        • Programmable Module Installation
        • Programmable Module Installation - Using Backup Data
        • Customer Preference Items
    • MULTIFUNCTION Electronic Module System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Module Controlled Functions
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Multifunction Electronic Module
          • Wiring Diagrams
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Other Concerns
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Generic Electronic Module (Gem)
      • Removal And Installation
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM)
          • Removal and Installation
  • Cruise Control Systems
    • Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Speed Control
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Speed Control
        • Notes
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Self-Test Diagnostics
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Speed Control Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test B: The Set Speed Fluctuates
          • Pinpoint Test C: The Speed Control Does Not Disengage When The Brakes Are Applied
          • Pinpoint Test D: The Speed Control Does Not Disengage When The Clutch Is Applied
          • Pinpoint Test E: The Speed Control Switch Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test F: Flash With Last Switch Pressed, But No Dynamic Pull Occurs At The Throttle And The Speed Control Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test G: Flash Code 2 - BPP Switch Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test H: Flash Code 3 - DEACTIVATOR Switch Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test I: Flash Code 4 - Clutch/Neutral Switch Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test J: The Speed Control Indicator Lamp Is Always On
    • Removal And Installation
      • Speed Control Cable
        • Removal and Installation
      • Speed Control Actuator
        • Removal and Installation
      • Speed Control Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Speed Control Deactivator Switch
        • Removal
        • Installation
  • Exterior Lights
    • Exterior Lighting System
      • Description And Operation
        • Exterior Lighting
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Headlamps
          • Wiring Diagrams
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Both Headlamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Low Beam Headlamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: The High Beam Headlamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: One Low Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: One High Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Headlamps Are On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Flash-To-Pass Feature Is Inoperative
        • Stoplamps
          • Wiring Diagrams
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test H: The STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test I: One Or More STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test J: The STOPLAMPS Are On Continuously
        • Turn Signal, Cornering and Hazard Lamps
          • Wiring Diagrams
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Never On
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Always On
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Hazard Flasher Lamps Are Never On
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Hazard Flasher Lamps Are Always On
            • Pinpoint Test O: One Turn Signal/Hazard Lamp Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test P: One Turn Signal/Hazard Lamp Is Always On
        • Parking, Rear and License Lamps
          • Wiring Diagrams
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The Exterior Lamp(S) Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test R: One Or More Parking, Rear Or License Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Parking, Rear Or License Lamps Are On Continuously
        • Fog Lamps
          • Wiring Diagrams
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test T: The Fog Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test U: The Individual Fog Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test V: The Fog Lamps Are On Continuously
        • Reversing Lamps
          • Wiring Diagrams
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test W: The Reversing Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test X: The Individual Reversing Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test Y: The Reversing Lamps Are On Continuously
        • Trailer Lamps
          • Wiring Diagrams
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test Z: The Trailer Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test Aa: The Individual Trailer Lamps Is Inoperative - Both Trailer Turn Signals/STOPLAMPS/Hazard Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test Ac: The Individual Trailer Lamps Is Inoperative - RH Trailer Turn Signals/STOPLAMPS/Hazard Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test Ad: The Individual Trailer Lamps Is Inoperative - LH Trailer Turn Signals/STOPLAMPS/Hazard Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test AE: The Individual Trailer Lamps Is Inoperative - Parking Lamps
      • General Procedures
        • Headlamp Adjustment
          • Headlamp Aiming
          • Photometric Aiming
          • Screen Method Aiming
            • All Headlamp Types
          • Mechanical Aiming
      • Removal And Installation
        • Headlamp Bulb
          • Removal and Installation
        • Side Lamp/Front Turn Signal Lamp Bulb
          • Removal and Installation
        • High Mounted Stoplamp Bulb
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fog Lamp Bulb
          • Removal and Installation
        • Headlamp Assembly
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Lamp Assembly
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fog Lamp
          • Removal and Installation
        • License Plate Lamp
          • Removal and Installation
        • Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Switch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Fog Lamp Switch
          • Removal and Installation
  • Gauges & Instrument Panels
    • Instrument Cluster System & Panel Illumination
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Instrument Cluster and Dimmable Backlighting
            • Non-Dimmable Backlighting
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Climate Control Panel Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Audio System Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Instrument Panel Illumination Does Not Dim
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Rear Defrost Switch Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The 4 Wheel Drive Switch Illumination Is Inoperative (If Equipped)
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Hazard Switch Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Front Fog Lamp Switch Illumination Is Inoperative (If Equipped)
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Cluster Bulb
          • Removal and Installation
        • Selector Lever Indicator Bulb
          • Removal and Installation
        • Instrument Panel Dimmer Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
    • Instrument Panel
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Gauge Indication Systems
            • Notes
            • Instrument Cluster Replacement
            • Speedometer
            • Odometer
            • Tachometer
            • Fuel Gauge
            • Temperature Gauge
            • Low Oil Pressure Warning Indicator
            • Low Coolant Level Warning Indicator-3.0L (4V) Engine
            • Charging System Indicator
            • Air Bag Warning Indicator
            • Service Engine Soon Indicator
            • High Beam Indicator
            • Turn Indicator
            • Brake Warning Indicator
            • Anti-Lock Brake Warning Indicator (ABS) (if equipped)
            • Safety Belt Warning Indicator
            • Theft Indicator
            • 4WD Indicator Lamp (if equipped)
            • Speed Control Indicator (if equipped)
            • Door Ajar Indicator
            • Low Fuel Warning Indicator
            • O/D OFF indicator (if equipped)
            • PRND21 Indicator (automatic transaxle only)
            • Check Fuel Cap
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Self Diagnostic Mode
            • Instrument Cluster Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Diagnostic Trouble Code Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Instrument Cluster Off
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Instrument Cluster Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Speedometer/Odometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Tachometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Low Fuel Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Speed Control Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Theft Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Charge System Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Low Oil Pressure Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Anti-Lock Brake Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Air Bag Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test O: The LH Turn Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test P: The RH Turn Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The High Beam Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Malfunction Indicator Lamp (Mil) Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Low Coolant Warning Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On-3.0L (4V) Engine
            • Pinpoint Test T: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Inoperative/Chime Is Operative
            • Pinpoint Test U: The Door Ajar Indicator Is Inoperative/Chime Is Operative
            • Pinpoint Test V: The O/D Off Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test W: The Four Wheel Drive (4WD) Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test X: The Transmission Range Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test Y: The Check Fuel Cap Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Removal and Installation
        • Warning Indicator Bulb
          • Removal and Installation
        • Cluster Lens
          • Removal and Installation
    • Instrument Panel & Console
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Panel
        • Console - Overhead
        • Console - Floor
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Instrument Panel - Center Finish Panel
          • Removal and Installation
        • Floor Console - High Series
          • Removal and Installation
        • Floor Console - Low Series
          • Removal and Installation
    • Warning System
      • Description And Operation
        • Gauges And Warning Devices
          • Warning Devices
            • Notes
            • Safety Belt Warning Chime
            • Belt Minder
            • Headlamp On Warning Chime
            • Key In Ignition Warning
            • Air Bag Warning Chime
            • Trip/Odometer Reset Tone
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Gauges And Warning Devices
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Visual Inspection Chart
          • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Notes
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Safety Belt Warning Chime Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Key-In-Ignition Chime Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Headlamp On Reminder Chime Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
      • General Procedures
        • Belt Minder Deactivating/Activating
          • Preparation
          • Deactivating/Activating
  • Headlights
    • Daytime Running Lamp System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Daytime Running Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: Daytime Running Lamps Are On With Parking Brake Set
            • Pinpoint Test C: Daytime Running Lamps Are Inoperative - Low Beam Headlamps On At Full Intensity With Key On
      • Removal & Installation
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) Module
          • Removal & Installation
  • Horns
    • Horn System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Horn
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Horn
          • Special Tool
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Horn Does Not Sound
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Horn Sounds Continuously
      • Removal And Installation
        • Horn
          • Removal and Installation
  • Ignition Switch/Steering Lock
    • Steering Column Switches
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering Column Switches
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering Column Switches
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Ignition Switch Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: No Power In Acc
            • Pinpoint Test C: No Power In On
            • Pinpoint Test D: No Power In Start
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Ignition Switch Is Inoperative-Key Cannot Be Removed From Ignition Switch (Automatic Transmission Only)
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Ignition Switch Is Inoperative-Key Can Be Removed From Ignition Switch With Transmission In Gear (Automatic Transmission Only)
      • Removal And Installation
        • Steering Column Multifunction Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Hazard Flasher Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Ignition Switch
          • Removal and Installation
  • Interior/Exterior Trim
    • Handles, Locks, Latches & Entry Systems
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Lock Repair/Replacement Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Handles, Locks, Latches and Entry Systems
          • Notes
          • Keyless Entry
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Locks, Latches and Entry Systems
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Power Door Locks
          • Keyless Entry
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Door Locks Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From One Switch
            • Pinpoint Test C: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From A Single Lock Cylinder Switch
            • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Door Lock Is Inoperative - Passenger Doors
            • Pinpoint Test E: A Single Door Lock Is Inoperative - Driver Door
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Door Locks Operate Only One Way
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Keyless Entry Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test H: Keyless Entry Remote Transmitter Out Of Synchronization
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Panic Feature Does Not Operate Correctly - Unlock And Lock Operate Correctly
      • General Procedures
        • Remote Transmitter Programming
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hood Latch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Door Latch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Door Latch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Liftgate Window Latch
          • Removal and Installation
          • Installation
        • Liftgate Latch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Hood Latch Release Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Front Door Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Rear Door Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Interior Door Handle
          • Removal and installation
        • Door Lock Cylinder
          • Removal and Installation
        • Liftgate Latch Remote Control
          • Removal and Installation
        • Liftgate Latch Actuator
          • Removal and Installation
    • Window And Glass
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Power Windows Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative-Driver
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative-Front Passenger
            • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative-Right Rear
            • Pinpoint Test E: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Left Rear
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Defrost System Is Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Heated Window Grid Wire Repair
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Lead Terminal Repair
      • Removal And Installation
        • Window Control Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Window Defrost Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Door Window Glass
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Door Window Glass
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Quarter Window Glass
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Liftgate Window Glass
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Door Window Regulator
          • Removal and Installation
            • All vehicles
        • Rear Door Window Regulator
          • Removal and Installation
            • All vehicles
        • Windshield Glass
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Door Glass Top Run
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Door Glass Top Run
          • Removal
  • Interior/Illumination Lights
    • Instrument Cluster System & Panel Illumination
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Instrument Cluster and Dimmable Backlighting
            • Non-Dimmable Backlighting
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Climate Control Panel Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Audio System Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Instrument Panel Illumination Does Not Dim
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Rear Defrost Switch Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The 4 Wheel Drive Switch Illumination Is Inoperative (If Equipped)
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Hazard Switch Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Front Fog Lamp Switch Illumination Is Inoperative (If Equipped)
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Cluster Bulb
          • Removal and Installation
        • Selector Lever Indicator Bulb
          • Removal and Installation
        • Instrument Panel Dimmer Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
    • Interior Lighting System
      • Description And Operation
        • Interior Lighting
          • Notes
          • Interior/Map Reading Lamp
          • Cargo Lamp
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Interior Lighting
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Interior Lighting
            • Battery Saver
          • Inspection and Verification
          • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Interior Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Interior Lamps Stay On Continuously - Do Not Fade Out
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Interior Lamps Do Not Turn On With One Door Open
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Illuminated Entry Is Inoperative When Using The Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Demand Lighting Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: Battery Voltage Out Of Range
      • Removal And Installation
        • Interior/Map Reading Lamp
          • Removal and Installation
        • Cargo Lamp
          • Removal and Installation
  • Mirrors
    • Rear View Mirror System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Rear View Mirrors
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Rear View Mirrors
          • Special Tool
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Mirrors Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Mirror Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Mirror Does Not Function With Switch Logic
      • Removal And Installation
        • Exterior Mirror
          • Removal and Installation
  • Seats
    • Seat System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Seats
          • Notes
          • Side Air Bag
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Seats
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Power Seat Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test B: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically
      • Removal And Installation
        • Seat Control Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Seat Backrest - Driver Seat
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
          • Installation
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
        • Front Seat Backrest - Passenger Seat
          • Identifying Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
          • Installation
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
        • Rear Seat Backrest - Split Bench
          • Removal
            • Notes
            • 40% Rear Seat Backrest
          • Installation
            • Notes
            • 60% Rear Seat Backrest
        • Rear Seat Backrest - Bench
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Track - Driver Seat
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
          • Installation
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
        • Seat Track - Passenger Seat
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
          • Installation
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
        • Driver Seat
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
          • Installation
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
        • Passenger Seat
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
            • Notes
            • All vehicles
          • Installation
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
        • Rear Seat Backrest Latch
          • Removal and Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Front Seat Cushion-Driver Seat
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
            • Notes
            • All vehicles
          • Assembly
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
        • Front Seat Cushion - Passenger Seat
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
            • Notes
            • All vehicles
          • Assembly
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
        • Rear Seat Cushion
          • Disassembly and Assembly
        • Front Seat Backrest - Driver Seat
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
          • Assembly
            • Notes
            • Vehicles With Side Air Bag
        • Front Seat Backrest - Passenger Seat
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
          • Assembly
            • Notes
            • Vehicles With Side Air Bag
        • Rear Seat Backrest
          • Disassembly and Assembly
  • Steering Column Switches
    • Description And Operation
      • Steering Column Switches
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Steering Column Switches
        • Notes
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Symptom Chart
          • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Ignition Switch Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test B: No Power In Acc
          • Pinpoint Test C: No Power In On
          • Pinpoint Test D: No Power In Start
          • Pinpoint Test E: The Ignition Switch Is Inoperative-Key Cannot Be Removed From Ignition Switch (Automatic Transmission Only)
          • Pinpoint Test F: The Ignition Switch Is Inoperative-Key Can Be Removed From Ignition Switch With Transmission In Gear (Automatic Transmission Only)
    • Removal And Installation
      • Steering Column Multifunction Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Hazard Flasher Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Ignition Switch
        • Removal and Installation
  • Warning Systems
    • Description And Operation
      • Gauges And Warning Devices
        • Warning Devices
          • Notes
          • Safety Belt Warning Chime
          • Belt Minder
          • Headlamp On Warning Chime
          • Key In Ignition Warning
          • Air Bag Warning Chime
          • Trip/Odometer Reset Tone
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Gauges And Warning Devices
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Visual Inspection Chart
        • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Notes
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Safety Belt Warning Chime Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test B: The Key-In-Ignition Chime Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test C: The Headlamp On Reminder Chime Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
    • General Procedures
      • Belt Minder Deactivating/Activating
        • Preparation
        • Deactivating/Activating
  • Window Motors & Regulators
    • Window And Glass
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Power Windows Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative-Driver
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative-Front Passenger
            • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative-Right Rear
            • Pinpoint Test E: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Left Rear
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Defrost System Is Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Heated Window Grid Wire Repair
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Lead Terminal Repair
      • Removal And Installation
        • Window Control Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Window Defrost Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Door Window Glass
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Door Window Glass
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Quarter Window Glass
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Liftgate Window Glass
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Door Window Regulator
          • Removal and Installation
            • All vehicles
        • Rear Door Window Regulator
          • Removal and Installation
            • All vehicles
        • Windshield Glass
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Door Glass Top Run
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Door Glass Top Run
          • Removal
  • Wiper/Washer Systems
    • Wiper System & Washer System
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Front
        • Rear
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Wipers And Washers
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Rear Window Wiper Washer
          • Inspection and Verification
          • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Wipers Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Wipers Stay On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test C: The High-Speed Wipers Do Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Low-Speed Wipers Do Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Intermittent Wiper Mode Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Windshield Washer Pump Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Rear Window Wipers Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Rear Window Wiper Stays On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Intermittent Rear Window Wipers Do Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Rear Window Wipers Do Not Park
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Rear Window Washer Pump Is Inoperative
        • Component Test
          • Windshield Wiper Motor
      • General Procedures
        • Windshield Wiper Blade and Pivot Arm Adjustment
        • Rear Window Wiper Blade and Pivot Arm Adjustment
        • Washer Hose Repair
      • Removal And Installation
        • Wiper Pivot Arm - Front
          • Removal and Installation
        • Wiper Pivot Arm - Rear
          • Removal and Installation
        • Wiper Mounting Arm and Pivot Shaft
          • Removal and Installation
        • Windshield Wiper Motor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Window Wiper Motor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Windshield Washer Pump
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Window Washer Pump
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Washer Pump and Reservoir
          • Removal and Installation
        • Windshield Wiper/Washer Switch
          • Removal and Installation
• Body & Frame
  • Door Locks
    • Anti-Theft System - Pats
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Theft - Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Theft - Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS)
          • Wiring Diagrams
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Principles of Operation
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Inspection and Verification
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) Index
          • PCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) Descriptions
          • Expanded Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) Descriptions
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Symptom Chart
          • Symptom Chart
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: Antenna Not Connected
          • Pinpoint Test B: Pats Ignition Key Transponder Signal Is Not Received
          • Pinpoint Test C: Pats Received Incorrect Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
          • Pinpoint Test D: Pats Received Invalid Format Of Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
          • Pinpoint Test E: Pats Transceiver Module Signal Is Not Received
          • Pinpoint Test F: Anti-Theft Number Of Programmed Keys Is Below Minimum
          • Pinpoint Test G: The Engine Does Not Crank - The Anti-Theft Led Proves Out Normally
      • General Procedures
        • Key Programming Using Two Programmed Keys
        • Spare Key Programming - Using Diagnostic Equipment
        • Key Programming Switch State Control
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Equipment
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Anti-Theft Security Access
      • Removal And Installation
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) Transceiver
          • Removal and Installation
    • Anti-Theft System - Perimeter
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Theft - Perimeter
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Theft - Perimeter
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Anti-Theft - Perimeter
            • Inspection and Verification
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Alarm System Does Not Arm/Disarm - From A Door Lock Cylinder Switch
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Alarm System Does Not Arm/Disarm - Using The Keyless Entry Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Alarm System Does Not Arm/Disarm - Inoperative From Hood Switch
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Alarm System Does Not Arm/Disarm - Headlamps, Flashers Or Horn Does Cycle During Anti-Theft Activation
    • Handles, Locks, Latches & Entry Systems
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Lock Repair/Replacement Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Handles, Locks, Latches and Entry Systems
          • Notes
          • Keyless Entry
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Locks, Latches and Entry Systems
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Power Door Locks
          • Keyless Entry
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Door Locks Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From One Switch
            • Pinpoint Test C: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From A Single Lock Cylinder Switch
            • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Door Lock Is Inoperative - Passenger Doors
            • Pinpoint Test E: A Single Door Lock Is Inoperative - Driver Door
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Door Locks Operate Only One Way
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Keyless Entry Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test H: Keyless Entry Remote Transmitter Out Of Synchronization
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Panic Feature Does Not Operate Correctly - Unlock And Lock Operate Correctly
      • General Procedures
        • Remote Transmitter Programming
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hood Latch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Door Latch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Door Latch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Liftgate Window Latch
          • Removal and Installation
          • Installation
        • Liftgate Latch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Hood Latch Release Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Front Door Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Rear Door Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Interior Door Handle
          • Removal and installation
        • Door Lock Cylinder
          • Removal and Installation
        • Liftgate Latch Remote Control
          • Removal and Installation
        • Liftgate Latch Actuator
          • Removal and Installation
    • Passive Anti-Theft System Job Aid
      • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) Specifications
        • Ford System (Pats) Specifications
        • LINCOLN System (Pats) Specifications
        • Mercury System (Pats) Specifications
      • Pats Key Types
      • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
      • Non-Pats Issues
      • Things To Do:
      • Things Not To Do:
      • Programming Procedures
        • Notes
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #1
          • Procedure #2
          • Procedure #3
        • Spare Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #4
        • Spare Key Programming Using Programmed Keys
          • Procedure #5
          • Procedure #6
        • Replacing Pats Control Module Or Pcm
          • Procedure #7
          • Procedure #8
    • Remote Keyless Entry System [Transmitter Programming Procedures]
      • Programming Methods & Transmitter Types
        • Programming Method And Transmitter Type Application
        • Transmitter Type Identification
        • Programming Methods
          • Programming Method A
          • Programming Method D
          • Programming Method I
          • Programming Method K
          • Programming Method L
          • Programming Method M
          • Programming Method N
          • Programming Method O
      • Helpful Hints
        • Remote Entry Programming Procedure
        • Poor Operating Range Performance
        • Miscellaneous
  • Exterior Body Panels
    • Handles, Locks, Latches & Entry Systems
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Lock Repair/Replacement Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Handles, Locks, Latches and Entry Systems
          • Notes
          • Keyless Entry
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Locks, Latches and Entry Systems
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Power Door Locks
          • Keyless Entry
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Door Locks Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From One Switch
            • Pinpoint Test C: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From A Single Lock Cylinder Switch
            • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Door Lock Is Inoperative - Passenger Doors
            • Pinpoint Test E: A Single Door Lock Is Inoperative - Driver Door
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Door Locks Operate Only One Way
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Keyless Entry Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test H: Keyless Entry Remote Transmitter Out Of Synchronization
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Panic Feature Does Not Operate Correctly - Unlock And Lock Operate Correctly
      • General Procedures
        • Remote Transmitter Programming
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hood Latch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Door Latch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Door Latch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Liftgate Window Latch
          • Removal and Installation
          • Installation
        • Liftgate Latch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Hood Latch Release Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Front Door Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Rear Door Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Interior Door Handle
          • Removal and installation
        • Door Lock Cylinder
          • Removal and Installation
        • Liftgate Latch Remote Control
          • Removal and Installation
        • Liftgate Latch Actuator
          • Removal and Installation
  • Exterior/Interior Trim
    • Handles, Locks, Latches & Entry Systems
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Lock Repair/Replacement Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Handles, Locks, Latches and Entry Systems
          • Notes
          • Keyless Entry
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Locks, Latches and Entry Systems
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Power Door Locks
          • Keyless Entry
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Door Locks Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From One Switch
            • Pinpoint Test C: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From A Single Lock Cylinder Switch
            • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Door Lock Is Inoperative - Passenger Doors
            • Pinpoint Test E: A Single Door Lock Is Inoperative - Driver Door
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Door Locks Operate Only One Way
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Keyless Entry Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test H: Keyless Entry Remote Transmitter Out Of Synchronization
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Panic Feature Does Not Operate Correctly - Unlock And Lock Operate Correctly
      • General Procedures
        • Remote Transmitter Programming
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hood Latch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Door Latch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Door Latch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Liftgate Window Latch
          • Removal and Installation
          • Installation
        • Liftgate Latch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Hood Latch Release Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Front Door Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Rear Door Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Interior Door Handle
          • Removal and installation
        • Door Lock Cylinder
          • Removal and Installation
        • Liftgate Latch Remote Control
          • Removal and Installation
        • Liftgate Latch Actuator
          • Removal and Installation
    • Window And Glass
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Power Windows Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative-Driver
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative-Front Passenger
            • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative-Right Rear
            • Pinpoint Test E: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Left Rear
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Defrost System Is Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Heated Window Grid Wire Repair
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Lead Terminal Repair
      • Removal And Installation
        • Window Control Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Window Defrost Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Door Window Glass
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Door Window Glass
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Quarter Window Glass
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Liftgate Window Glass
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Door Window Regulator
          • Removal and Installation
            • All vehicles
        • Rear Door Window Regulator
          • Removal and Installation
            • All vehicles
        • Windshield Glass
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Door Glass Top Run
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Door Glass Top Run
          • Removal
  • Ignition Switch/Steering Lock
    • Steering Column Switches
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering Column Switches
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering Column Switches
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Ignition Switch Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: No Power In Acc
            • Pinpoint Test C: No Power In On
            • Pinpoint Test D: No Power In Start
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Ignition Switch Is Inoperative-Key Cannot Be Removed From Ignition Switch (Automatic Transmission Only)
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Ignition Switch Is Inoperative-Key Can Be Removed From Ignition Switch With Transmission In Gear (Automatic Transmission Only)
      • Removal And Installation
        • Steering Column Multifunction Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Hazard Flasher Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Ignition Switch
          • Removal and Installation
  • Mirrors
    • Rear View Mirror System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Rear View Mirrors
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Rear View Mirrors
          • Special Tool
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Mirrors Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Mirror Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Mirror Does Not Function With Switch Logic
      • Removal And Installation
        • Exterior Mirror
          • Removal and Installation
  • Seats
    • Seat System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Seats
          • Notes
          • Side Air Bag
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Seats
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Power Seat Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test B: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically
      • Removal And Installation
        • Seat Control Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Seat Backrest - Driver Seat
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
          • Installation
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
        • Front Seat Backrest - Passenger Seat
          • Identifying Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
          • Installation
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
        • Rear Seat Backrest - Split Bench
          • Removal
            • Notes
            • 40% Rear Seat Backrest
          • Installation
            • Notes
            • 60% Rear Seat Backrest
        • Rear Seat Backrest - Bench
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Track - Driver Seat
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
          • Installation
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
        • Seat Track - Passenger Seat
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
          • Installation
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
        • Driver Seat
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
          • Installation
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
        • Passenger Seat
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
            • Notes
            • All vehicles
          • Installation
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
        • Rear Seat Backrest Latch
          • Removal and Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Front Seat Cushion-Driver Seat
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
            • Notes
            • All vehicles
          • Assembly
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
        • Front Seat Cushion - Passenger Seat
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
            • Notes
            • All vehicles
          • Assembly
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
        • Rear Seat Cushion
          • Disassembly and Assembly
        • Front Seat Backrest - Driver Seat
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
          • Assembly
            • Notes
            • Vehicles With Side Air Bag
        • Front Seat Backrest - Passenger Seat
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
            • Notes
            • All Vehicles
          • Assembly
            • Notes
            • Vehicles With Side Air Bag
        • Rear Seat Backrest
          • Disassembly and Assembly
  • Sun Roof/T-Top/Convertible Top
    • Sunroof
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Roof Opening Panel
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Roof Opening Panel
          • Special Tools
          • Principals of Operation
            • Roof Opening Panel
            • Express Open
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Roof Opening Panel Has Excessive Wind Noise
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Roof Opening Panel Leaks
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Roof Opening Panel Rattles
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Roof Opening Panel Is Noisy During Operation
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Roof Opening Panel Does Not Open Or Close
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Roof Opening Panel Does Not Have Soft Stop
      • General Procedures
        • Roof Opening Panel Alignment
      • Removal And Installation
        • Roof Opening Panel
          • Removal and Installation
        • Roof Opening Panel Shield
          • Removal and Installation
        • Roof Opening Panel Motor
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Roof Opening Panel Frame
          • Removal and Installation
        • Roof Opening Panel Front Drain Hose
          • Removal and Installation
        • Roof Opening Panel Rear Drain Hose
          • Removal and Installation
        • Air Deflector
          • Removal and Installation
        • Roof Opening Panel Module
          • Removal and Installation
  • Windows
    • Window And Glass
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Power Windows Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative-Driver
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative-Front Passenger
            • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative-Right Rear
            • Pinpoint Test E: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Left Rear
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Defrost System Is Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Heated Window Grid Wire Repair
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Lead Terminal Repair
      • Removal And Installation
        • Window Control Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Window Defrost Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Door Window Glass
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Door Window Glass
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Quarter Window Glass
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Liftgate Window Glass
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Door Window Regulator
          • Removal and Installation
            • All vehicles
        • Rear Door Window Regulator
          • Removal and Installation
            • All vehicles
        • Windshield Glass
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Door Glass Top Run
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Door Glass Top Run
          • Removal
• Brakes
  • Anti-Lock Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake Control System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Lock Control - (4WABS)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Lock Control
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Hydraulic Control Unit
            • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module
            • Anti-Lock Brake Sensor
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Warning Lamp Indicators
            • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module Parameter Identification (PID) Index
            • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module Active Command Index
          • Symptom Chart
            • Notes
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Module - Anti-Lock Brake Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1676 - Battery Voltage Out Of Range
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC C1145 (RF), DTC C1155 (LF), DTC C1165 (RR) And DTC C1175 (LR) - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Input Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTCS C1233, C1234, C1235 And C1236 - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Output Failure
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC C1095 - Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Yellow Abs Warning Indicator Does Not Self-Check
            • Pinpoint Test G: Abs Warning Indicator Always On, No DTCS
            • Pinpoint Test H: DTC B1485 - Brake Pedal Input Circuit Battery Short
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit
          • Removal and Installation
        • Module - Anti-Lock Brake Control
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sensor - Front
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sensor - Rear
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sensor Indicator - Front
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sensor Indicator - Rear
          • Removal and Installation
  • Mechanical - Hydraulic
    • Brake System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Brake System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Brake System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Road Test
          • Brake Pads
          • Brake Discs
          • Brake Caliper
          • Brake Caliper Guide Pins
          • Brake Drums
          • Brake Shoes
          • Brake Lines and Tubes
          • Non-Pressure Leaks
          • Brake Master Cylinder - Normal Conditions
          • Brake Master Cylinder - Abnormal Conditions
          • Brake Booster
          • Parking Brake
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Vibration When The Brakes Are Applied
          • Component Tests
          • Brake Booster - Operation Check
          • Check Valve
          • Brake Master Cylinder - Bypass Condition Test
          • Brake Master Cylinder - Non-Pressure External Leaks
          • Brake Master Cylinder - Compensator Port Check
      • General Procedures
        • Brake Disc Machining
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Brake Disc Machining
        • Brake System Bleeding
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Anti-Lock Brakes Bleed
          • Manual Bleed
            • Brake system
          • Gravity Bleed
            • Brake system
        • Brake System Pressure Bleeding
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Component Bleeding
          • Brake Master Cylinder - Bench Bleed
          • Brake Master Cylinder - In-Vehicle Bleed
          • Brake System Leak Check
    • Disc Brakes & Drum Brakes
      • Description & Operation
        • System Operation
          • Hydraulic Brake Actuation
          • Disc/Drum Actuation
        • System Components
          • Brake Booster
          • Brake Lines and Hoses
          • Brake Pressure Control Valve
          • Front Disc Brakes
          • Master Cylinder
          • Master Cylinder Reservoir
          • Master Cylinder Reservoir Brake Fluid Level Warning Switch
          • Parking Brake
          • Rear Drum Brakes
      • Bleeding Brake System
        • Notes
        • Anti-Lock Brakes Bleed
        • Manual Bleeding
          • Notes
          • Master Cylinder Bleeding (Bench)
          • Master Cylinder Bleeding (On-Vehicle)
          • Gravity Bleeding
          • Manual Bleeding
        • Pressure Bleeding
        • Bleeding Sequence
      • Adjustments
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch & Speed Control DEACTIVATOR Switch
        • Brake Shoes
          • Drums Removed
        • Disc Pads
        • Parking Brake Cable
          • Vehicle With Low Series Floor Console
          • Vehicle With High Series Floor Console
      • Testing
        • Brake Warning Light
        • Master Cylinder
          • Bypass Condition Test
          • Non-Pressure External Leaks
          • Compensator Port Check
        • Vacuum Booster Function Test
        • Vacuum Booster Check Valve
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Brake Backing Plate
          • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Drum
          • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Pressure Control Valve
          • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Shoes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Disc Brake Calipers & Pads
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Brake Disc
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Master Cylinder & Reservoir
          • Removal & Installation
        • Parking Brake Cable (Front)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Parking Brake Cable (Rear)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Parking Brake Control
          • Removal & Installation
        • Parking Brake Warning Indicator Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Brake Booster
          • Removal & Installation
        • Wheel Cylinders
          • Removal & Installation
      • Overhaul
        • Disc Brake Caliper
          • Disassembly
          • Cleaning & Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Master Cylinder
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Wheel Cylinders
          • Disassembly
          • Reassembly
      • Torque Specifications
      • Disc & Drum Brake Specifications
  • Traction Control
    • Anti-Lock Brake Control System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Lock Control - (4WABS)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Lock Control
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Hydraulic Control Unit
            • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module
            • Anti-Lock Brake Sensor
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Warning Lamp Indicators
            • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module Parameter Identification (PID) Index
            • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module Active Command Index
          • Symptom Chart
            • Notes
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Module - Anti-Lock Brake Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1676 - Battery Voltage Out Of Range
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC C1145 (RF), DTC C1155 (LF), DTC C1165 (RR) And DTC C1175 (LR) - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Input Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTCS C1233, C1234, C1235 And C1236 - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Output Failure
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC C1095 - Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Yellow Abs Warning Indicator Does Not Self-Check
            • Pinpoint Test G: Abs Warning Indicator Always On, No DTCS
            • Pinpoint Test H: DTC B1485 - Brake Pedal Input Circuit Battery Short
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit
          • Removal and Installation
        • Module - Anti-Lock Brake Control
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sensor - Front
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sensor - Rear
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sensor Indicator - Front
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sensor Indicator - Rear
          • Removal and Installation
• Drivelines & Axles
  • Axle Shafts
    • Description & Operation
    • Lubrication
    • Trouble Shooting
    • Removal & Installation
      • Axle Shafts
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Axle Shaft Oil Seals
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Hub Bearings
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Intermediate Shaft
    • Overhaul
      • Plunging & Fixed CV Joint
        • Disassembly
        • Reassembly
    • Torque Specifications
  • Differentials & Drive Axles
    • Differentials & Axle Shafts - Rear
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Axle Shafts
        • Differentials
      • Lubrication
        • Fluid Type & Capacity
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Removal & Installation
        • Axle Shafts
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Differential Housing Cover
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rotary Blade Coupling
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Stub Shaft Pilot Bearing & Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Overhaul
        • Axle Shafts
          • Disassembly
          • Reassembly
        • Differential Assembly
          • Disassembly
          • Reassembly
      • Torque Specifications
    • Driveline System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Driveline System
          • Notes
          • Vehicle Certification (VC) Label Example
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Driveline System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Diagnostic Routines
            • Diagnostic Routine - Fluid Loss
            • Diagnostic Routine - Noise Louder on Turns (Sweeping)
            • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Growl) In Tight Turn, Conventional Differential
            • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Chatter/Shudder) In Tight Turns, Limited Slip Differential
            • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Whine) In All Or More Than One Drive Modes
            • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Tick/Click) In All Or More Than One Drive Modes
            • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Howl/Moan) In All Or More Than One Drive Modes
            • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Clunk) On Changes In Speed Or Direction Of Power
            • Diagnostic Routine - Front Axle Will Not Engage/Disengage
            • Diagnostic Routine - Vibration
          • Checking Differential Ring Gear Backlash
          • Checking Tooth Contact Pattern and Condition of the Ring and Pinion
            • Notes
            • Good Contact Pattern
            • Low Contact Pattern That Is Contacting More Toward the Heel
              • Gross Pattern Error
            • High, Thin Contact Pattern In the Center Of the Tooth
              • Gross Pattern Error
            • Thick Contact Pattern That Is Contacting Tooth Toward the Heel
              • Gross Pattern Error
            • Thick Contact Pattern That Is Contacting Tooth Toward the Toe
              • Gross Pattern Error
  • Driveshaft & Universal Joints
    • Specifications
      • General Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Driveshaft
      • Universal Joints
    • General Procedures
      • Driveshaft Indexing
      • Driveshaft Runout and Balancing
        • Special Tool(s)
    • Removal And Installation
      • Driveshaft
        • Removal and Installation
      • Universal Joint - Center and Rear
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Removal and Installation
• Electrical
  • Body Electrical
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • Inline Connector end view (C146)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Left Front Connector End View (C150)
        • ABS Control Module Connector End View (C155A)
        • ABS Control Module Connector End View (C155B)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Right Front Connector End View (C160)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) Sensor Connector End View (C167)
        • 4R100 Transmission Connector End View (C168)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) #11 Connector End View (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) #21 Connector End View (C172)
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor Connector End View (C174)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector End View (C175)
        • Forward Crash Sensor Connector End View (C177)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C182)
        • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View (C183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C185)
        • Fuel Injector 7 Connector End View (C186)
        • Fuel Injector 7 Connector End View (C187)
        • Fuel Injector 8 Connector End View (C188)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C189)
        • Inlet Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Module Connector End View (C191)
        • Inline Connector end view (C192)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Connector End View (C193)
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor 2 Connector End View (C194)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197A)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197B)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202A)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202B)
        • Main Light Switch Connector End View (C205)
        • Inline Connector end view (C210)
        • Inline Connector end view (C211)
        • Inline Connector end view (C212)
        • Inline Connector end view (C213)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218A)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218B)
        • Inline Connector end view (C219)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220A)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220B)
        • Instrument Cluster Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220C)
        • Inline Connector end view (C237)
        • Inline Connector end view (C238)
        • Inline Connector end view (C248)
        • Ignition Switch Connector End View (C250)
        • Data Link Connector End View (DLC) Connector End View (C251)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connector End View (C256)
        • Inline Connector end view (C275)
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C278)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch Connector End View (C282)
        • Temperature Blend Door Actuator Connector End View (C289)
        • Inline Connector end view (C291)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly Front Connector End View (C294A)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294B)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294C)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294D)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294E)
        • Inline Connector end view (C298)
        • Inline Connector end view (C299)
        • Inline Connector end view (C300)
        • Passenger Safety Belt, Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C303)
        • Inline Connector end view (C311)
        • Inline Connector end view (C312)
        • Inline Connector end view (C313)
        • Inline Connector end view (C314)
        • Inline Connector end view (C315)
        • Inline Connector end view (C316)
        • Driver Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C323)
        • Inline Connector end view (C327)
        • Inline Connector end view (C328)
        • Inline Connector end view (C339)
        • Inline Connector end view (C340)
        • Power Seat Motor Assembly, Left Connector End View (C353)
        • Seat Adjust Switch, Driver Side Front Connector End View (C360)
        • Power Point Connector End View (C380)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Right Connector End View (C384)
        • Sliding Door Ajar Switch, Right Connector End View (C398)
        • Inline Connector end view (C405)
        • Inline Connector end view (C406)
        • Inline Connector end view (C411)
        • Lamp Assembly, Left Rear Connector End View (C414)
        • Lamp Assembly, Right Rear Connector End View (C417)
        • Inline Connector end view (C421)
        • Inline Connector end view (C422)
        • Inline Connector end view (C423)
        • Inline Connector end view (C431)
        • Inline Connector end view (C432)
        • Inline Connector end view (C438)
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Vent Valve Connector End View (C450)
        • Reversing Lamp, Left Connector End View (C451)
        • Rear Axle Speed Sensor Connector End View (C455)
        • Reversing Lamp, right Connector End View (C461)
        • High Mounted Stoplamp Connector End View (C475)
        • Speaker, Left Rear Connector End View (C484)
        • Speaker, Right Rear Connector End View (C485)
        • Master Window/Door Lock/Unlock Switch Connector End View (C508)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Driver Side Connector End View (C521)
        • Speaker, Left Front Connector End View (C523)
        • Power Window Motor, Drive Side Front Connector End View (C524)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Left Front Connector End View (C525)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector End View (C527)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Passenger Side Connector End View (C601)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Right Front Connector End View (C603)
        • Power Window Motor, Passenger Side Front Connector End View (C608)
        • Speaker, Right Front Connector End View (C612)
        • Front Passenger Window/Door Lock Switch Connector End View (C629)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Right Connector End View (C806)
        • Speaker, Right Middle Connector End View (C813)
        • Side Door Ajar Switch, Right Connector End View (C816)
        • Side Door Lock Actuator, Right Connector End View (C817)
        • Vanity Mirror Lamp, Right Connector End View (C906)
        • Vanity Mirror Lamp, Left Connector End View (C907)
        • Inline Connector end view (C913)
        • Inline Connector end view (C919)
        • Inline Connector end view (C922)
        • Cargo Lamp Connector End View (C926)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C929)
        • Overhead Console Connector End View (C930)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C931)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Rear Connector End View (C932)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Rear Connector End View (C951)
        • Roof Marker Lamp, Left Connector End View (C970)
        • Roof Marker Lamp, Left Center Connector End View (C971)
        • Roof Marker Lamp, Center Connector End View (C972)
        • Roof Marker Lamp, Right Center Connector End View (C973)
        • Roof Marker Lamp, Right Connector End View (C974)
        • Video Display, Left Connector End View (C976)
        • Video Display, Right Connector End View (C977)
        • Horn Relay Connector End View (C1006)
        • A/C Clutch Relay Connector End View (C1008)
        • Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) Module Connector End View (C1009)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1010)
        • Blower Motor Relay Connector End View (C1011)
        • PCM Power Relay Connector End View (C1016)
        • Starter Relay (11450) Connector End View (C1017A)
        • Starter Relay Connector End View (C1017B)
        • Starter Relay (11450) Connector End View (C1017C)
        • PCM Power Diode Connector End View (C1018)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1019)
        • Headlamp, Left Connector End View (C1021)
        • Park/Turn Lamp Left Front Connector End View (C1023)
        • Deactivator Switch Connector End View (C1025)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1026)
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) Module Connector End View (C1030)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1033)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) Connector End View (C1035A)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) Connector End View (C1035B)
        • Headlamp, Right Connector End View (C1041)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1043)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1045)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1046)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1047)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sender Connector End View (C1061)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1065)
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve Connector End View (C1066)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) Sensor Connector End View (C1068)
        • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid Connector End View (C1072)
        • Fuel Heater Connector End View (C1076)
        • A/C High Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1078)
        • Glow Plug Relay Connector End View (C1084A)
        • Glow Plug Relay Connector End View (C1084B)
        • Glow Plug Relay Connector End View (C1084c)
        • Glow Pug Relay Connector End View (C1084d)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor Connector End View (C1087)
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Connector End View (C1088)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100a)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100B)
        • Generator Connector End View (C1104a)
        • Generator Connector End View (C1104B)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) Sensor Connector End View (C1130)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1147)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1148)
        • Cylinder... Head Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C1164)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1168)
        • Injector Driver Module (IDM) Connector End View (C1174)
        • Trailer Low Relay, Reversing Lamp Connector End View (C1178)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C1181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C1182)
        • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View (C1183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C1184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C1185)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C1186)
        • Trailer Tow Relay Parking Lamp Connector End View (C1199)
        • Trailer Tow Relay, Battery Charge Connector End View (C1200)
        • Fuel Injector 9 Connector End View (C1204)
        • Fuel Injector 10 Connector End View (C1205)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector End View (C1206)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector End View (C1207)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1220)
        • Front Blower Motor Connector End View (C1227)
        • Blower Motor Resistor Connector End View (C1228)
        • Injector Driver Module (IDM) Power Relay Connector End View (C1235)
        • Air Intake Heater Grid Connector End View (C1239A)
        • Air Intake Heater Grid Connector End View (C1239B)
        • Injector Pressure Regulator (IPR) Connector End View (C1242)
        • Injector Control Pressure (ICP) Sensor Connector End View (C1244)
        • Manifold Intake Air Heater Relay Connector End View (C1245A)
        • Manifold Intake Air Heater Relay Connector End View (C1245B)
        • Manifold Intake Air Heater Relay Connector End View (C1245C)
        • Manifold Intake Air Heater Relay Connector End View (C1245d)
        • Battery II Connector End View (C1249a)
        • Battery II Connector End View (C1249B)
        • Stop Lamp Relay Connector End View (C1250)
        • Generator, Secondary Connector End View (C1251a)
        • Generator, Secondary Connector End View (C1251b)
        • Vacuum Warning Switch Connector End View (C1252)
        • Fuel Pump Connector End View (C1253)
        • Natural Gas (Vehicle (NGV) Timer Jumper Connector End View (C1254)
        • ABS Relay Connector End View (C1255)
        • High Pitch Horn Connector End View (C1256)
        • Fuel Rail Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C1257)
        • Fuel Rail Cutoff Valve Connector End View (C1258)
        • Clearance Lamp Relay Connector End View (C1259)
        • Exhaust Back Pressure (EBP) Sensor Connector End View (C1271)
        • Exhaust Pressure Regulator (EPR) Connector End View (C1272)
        • Glow Plug Control Module (GPCM) Connector End View (C1273A)
        • Glow Plug Control Module (GPCM) Connector End View (C1273B)
        • 4R70W Transmission Connector End View (C1274)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor (6B288) Connector End View (C1275)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sender Connector End View (C1276)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1278)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1279)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1282)
        • Auxiliary Battery Relay Connector End View (C1283A)
        • Auxiliary Battery Relay Connector End View (C1283B)
        • Auxiliary Battery Relay Connector End View (C1283C)
        • Headlamp Left Connector End View (C1284)
        • Headlamp, Right Connector End View (C1285)
        • Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Module Connector End View (C1286)
        • Fuel Injector 7 Connector End View (C1312)
        • Fuel Injector 8 Connector End View (C1313)
        • Valve Cover Assembly, Left Connector End View (C1317)
        • Valve Cover Assembly, Right Connector End View (C1318)
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector End View (C2008)
        • N***3 Parking Brake Switch Connector End View (C2015)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031)
        • Power Point Connector End View (C2033)
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Connector End View (C2040)
        • Overdrive Cancel Switch Connector End View (C2136)
        • Electronic Flasher Module Connector End View (C2141)
        • Warning Buzzer Chime Module Connector End View (C2156)
        • Wiper Control Module (WCM) Connector End View (C2157)
        • Idle Validation Switch Connector End View (C2172)
        • Auxiliary Powertrain Control Module (APCM) Connector End View (C2176)
        • ABS Relay Connector End View (C2186)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2187)
        • Radio Connector End View (C2188a)
        • Radio Connector End View (C2188B)
        • Driveline Disconnect Switch Connector End View (C2190)
        • Electronic Crash Sensor (ECS) Module Connector End View (C2209)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3007)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3047)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3049)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3050)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3051)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3052)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3053)
        • Power Point, Console 1 Connector End View (C3063)
        • Power Point, Console 2 Connector End View (C3064)
        • Video Cassette Player Connector End View (C3076)
        • Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) Module Connector End View (C3077a)
        • Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) Module Connector End View (C3077B)
        • Fuel Sender Connector End View (C3104)
        • Extended Range Fuel Tank Valve 1 Connector End View (C3122)
        • Fuel Talk Pressure Transducer Sensor Connector End View (C3123)
        • Fuel Talk Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C3124)
        • Aft...Axle Fuel Talk Valve, Front Connector End View (C3125)
        • Aft...Axle Fuel Talk Valve, Rear Connector End View (C3126)
        • Fuel Pump Module Connector End View (C3127)
        • In... Transit Fuel Pump Module Connector End View (C3128)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Left Front Connector End View (C3129)
        • Speaker, Left Middle Connector End View (C3130)
        • Memory Lock Module Lock Jumper Connector End View (C3131)
        • Midship Fuel Tank Valve Connector End View (C3132)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3133)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3134)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3135)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3136)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3137)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3138)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3139)
        • Remote Keyless Entry Module Connector End View (C3140A)
        • Remote Keyless Entry Module Connector End View (C3140B)
        • Door Ajar Switch Right Front Connector End View (C3141)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3149)
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Transducer Sensor Connector End View (C3166)
        • Reversing Alarm Speaker Connector End View (C4015a)
        • Reversing Alarm Speaker Connector End View (C4015b)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Right Rear Connector End View (C4032)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Left Rear Connector End View (C4035)
        • License Plate Lamp Connector End View (C4046)
        • Trailer Tow Connector, 4...Pin Connector End View (C4098)
        • Trailer Tow Connector, 7...Pin Connector End View (C4099)
        • Auxiliary Blower Motor Connector End View (C4106)
        • Auxiliary Bower Motor Resistor Assembly Connector End View (C4107)
        • Rear A/C Blower Speed Relay 1 Connector End View (C4117)
        • Rear A/C Blower Speed Relay 2 Connector End View (C4118)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Rear Doors Connector End View (C4119)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Rear Doors Connector End View (C4120)
        • Door Lock Switch, Rear Doors Connector End View (C4121)
  • Charging Systems
    • Charging System - Generators & Regulators
      • Identification
      • Description
      • Adjustments
        • Belt Tension
      • Trouble Shooting
      • On-Vehicle Testing
        • Battery Drain Test
        • Electronic Drains Which Shut Off When Battery Cable Is Disconnected
        • Generator Load Test
        • Generator No-Load Test
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Formats
        • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
          • Notes
          • KOEO & KOER Codes
          • Continuous Memory Codes
        • Retrieving Codes
        • Reading Codes
          • Notes
          • KOEO & KOER On-Demand Self-Test Codes
          • Pass Codes
          • Continuous Memory Codes
        • Clearing Codes
          • Notes
          • PCM Reset Procedure
          • Keep Alive Random Access Memory Reset Procedure
      • Quick Test
        • Notes
        • Visual Check
        • Vehicle Preparation & Equipment Hookup
        • KOEO On-Demand Self-Test
          • Description
          • Performing Self-Test
        • KOER On-Demand Self-Test
          • Description
          • BPP, PSP & TCS Test Procedures
          • Performing Self-Test
        • Continuous Memory Self-Test
          • Description
          • Performing Self-Test
        • Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Battery Is Discharged Or Voltage Is Low
        • Test B: Warning Indicator Is On With Engine Running, System Is Not Charging (3.0L DURATEC)
        • Test C: Warning Indicator Is On With Engine Running, System Is Not Charging (2.0L ZETEC)
        • Test D: System Overcharges, Battery Voltage Is Greater Than 15.5 Volts (3.0L DURATEC)
        • Test E: System Overcharges, Battery Voltage Is Greater Than 15.5 Volts (2.0L ZETEC)
        • Test F: Warning Indicator Is On With Engine Running, System Is Charging (3.0L DURATEC)
        • Test G: Warning Indicator Is On With Engine Running, System Is Charging (2.0L ZETEC)
        • Test H: Warning Indicator Is Off With Ignition Switch On & Engine Off (3.0L DURATEC)
        • Test I: Warning Indicator Is Off With Ignition Switch On & Engine Off (2.0L ZETEC)
        • Test J: Warning Indicator Flickers Or Is Intermittent (3.0L DURATEC)
        • Test K: Warning Indicator Flickers Or Is Intermittent (2.0L ZETEC)
        • Test L: Generator Noisy
        • Test M: Radio Interference
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Generator
          • Removal & Installation (2.0L Zetec)
          • Removal & Installation (3.0L Duratec)
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Removal & Installation
      • Generator Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • 2002
        • 2003
        • 2004
    • Charging System (Battery, Mounting And Cables)
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Battery and Cables
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Battery
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Battery Condition Test
      • General Procedures
        • Battery Disconnect
      • Removal And Installation
        • Battery
          • Removal and Installation
        • Battery Tray
          • Removal and Installation
        • Battery Cables - 2.0L Zetec
          • Removal and Installation
        • Battery Cables - 3.0L (4V)
          • Removal and Installation
  • Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Imported Cars & Trucks
        • ACURA
        • AUDI
        • BENTLEY
        • BMW
        • DAIHATSU
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • FERRARI
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • HONDA
        • HYUNDAI
        • INFINITI
        • ISUZU
        • Jaguar
        • KIA
        • Land Rover
        • LEXUS
        • MAZDA
        • MERCEDES-BENZ
        • MITSUBISHI
        • NISSAN
        • PEUGEOT
        • PORSCHE
        • RENAULT
        • Rolls-ROYCE
        • SAAB
        • SUBARU
        • SUZUKI
        • TOYOTA
        • VOLKSWAGEN
        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
      • Grounds
      • Splices
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fuses & Circuit Breakers
    • Identification
      • Notes
      • Battery Junction Box
      • Blower Motor Relay
      • Brake Shift Interlock Relay
      • Central Junction Box
      • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) Relay
      • Four Wheel Drive Relay
  • Gauges
    • Instrument Cluster System & Panel Illumination
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Instrument Cluster and Dimmable Backlighting
            • Non-Dimmable Backlighting
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Climate Control Panel Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Audio System Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Instrument Panel Illumination Does Not Dim
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Rear Defrost Switch Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The 4 Wheel Drive Switch Illumination Is Inoperative (If Equipped)
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Hazard Switch Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Front Fog Lamp Switch Illumination Is Inoperative (If Equipped)
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Cluster Bulb
          • Removal and Installation
        • Selector Lever Indicator Bulb
          • Removal and Installation
        • Instrument Panel Dimmer Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
    • Instrument Panel
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Gauge Indication Systems
            • Notes
            • Instrument Cluster Replacement
            • Speedometer
            • Odometer
            • Tachometer
            • Fuel Gauge
            • Temperature Gauge
            • Low Oil Pressure Warning Indicator
            • Low Coolant Level Warning Indicator-3.0L (4V) Engine
            • Charging System Indicator
            • Air Bag Warning Indicator
            • Service Engine Soon Indicator
            • High Beam Indicator
            • Turn Indicator
            • Brake Warning Indicator
            • Anti-Lock Brake Warning Indicator (ABS) (if equipped)
            • Safety Belt Warning Indicator
            • Theft Indicator
            • 4WD Indicator Lamp (if equipped)
            • Speed Control Indicator (if equipped)
            • Door Ajar Indicator
            • Low Fuel Warning Indicator
            • O/D OFF indicator (if equipped)
            • PRND21 Indicator (automatic transaxle only)
            • Check Fuel Cap
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Self Diagnostic Mode
            • Instrument Cluster Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Diagnostic Trouble Code Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Instrument Cluster Off
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Instrument Cluster Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Speedometer/Odometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Tachometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Low Fuel Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Speed Control Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Theft Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Charge System Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Low Oil Pressure Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Anti-Lock Brake Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Air Bag Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test O: The LH Turn Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test P: The RH Turn Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The High Beam Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Malfunction Indicator Lamp (Mil) Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Low Coolant Warning Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On-3.0L (4V) Engine
            • Pinpoint Test T: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Inoperative/Chime Is Operative
            • Pinpoint Test U: The Door Ajar Indicator Is Inoperative/Chime Is Operative
            • Pinpoint Test V: The O/D Off Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test W: The Four Wheel Drive (4WD) Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test X: The Transmission Range Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test Y: The Check Fuel Cap Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Removal and Installation
        • Warning Indicator Bulb
          • Removal and Installation
        • Cluster Lens
          • Removal and Installation
    • Instrument Panel & Console
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Panel
        • Console - Overhead
        • Console - Floor
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Instrument Panel - Center Finish Panel
          • Removal and Installation
        • Floor Console - High Series
          • Removal and Installation
        • Floor Console - Low Series
          • Removal and Installation
    • Warning System
      • Description And Operation
        • Gauges And Warning Devices
          • Warning Devices
            • Notes
            • Safety Belt Warning Chime
            • Belt Minder
            • Headlamp On Warning Chime
            • Key In Ignition Warning
            • Air Bag Warning Chime
            • Trip/Odometer Reset Tone
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Gauges And Warning Devices
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Visual Inspection Chart
          • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Notes
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Safety Belt Warning Chime Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Key-In-Ignition Chime Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Headlamp On Reminder Chime Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
      • General Procedures
        • Belt Minder Deactivating/Activating
          • Preparation
          • Deactivating/Activating
  • Horns
    • Horn System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Horn
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Horn
          • Special Tool
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Horn Does Not Sound
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Horn Sounds Continuously
      • Removal And Installation
        • Horn
          • Removal and Installation
  • Motors, Switches, Relays
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • Inline Connector end view (C146)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Left Front Connector End View (C150)
        • ABS Control Module Connector End View (C155A)
        • ABS Control Module Connector End View (C155B)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Right Front Connector End View (C160)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) Sensor Connector End View (C167)
        • 4R100 Transmission Connector End View (C168)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) #11 Connector End View (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) #21 Connector End View (C172)
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor Connector End View (C174)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector End View (C175)
        • Forward Crash Sensor Connector End View (C177)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C182)
        • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View (C183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C185)
        • Fuel Injector 7 Connector End View (C186)
        • Fuel Injector 7 Connector End View (C187)
        • Fuel Injector 8 Connector End View (C188)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C189)
        • Inlet Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Module Connector End View (C191)
        • Inline Connector end view (C192)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Connector End View (C193)
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor 2 Connector End View (C194)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197A)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197B)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202A)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202B)
        • Main Light Switch Connector End View (C205)
        • Inline Connector end view (C210)
        • Inline Connector end view (C211)
        • Inline Connector end view (C212)
        • Inline Connector end view (C213)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218A)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218B)
        • Inline Connector end view (C219)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220A)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220B)
        • Instrument Cluster Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220C)
        • Inline Connector end view (C237)
        • Inline Connector end view (C238)
        • Inline Connector end view (C248)
        • Ignition Switch Connector End View (C250)
        • Data Link Connector End View (DLC) Connector End View (C251)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connector End View (C256)
        • Inline Connector end view (C275)
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C278)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch Connector End View (C282)
        • Temperature Blend Door Actuator Connector End View (C289)
        • Inline Connector end view (C291)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly Front Connector End View (C294A)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294B)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294C)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294D)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294E)
        • Inline Connector end view (C298)
        • Inline Connector end view (C299)
        • Inline Connector end view (C300)
        • Passenger Safety Belt, Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C303)
        • Inline Connector end view (C311)
        • Inline Connector end view (C312)
        • Inline Connector end view (C313)
        • Inline Connector end view (C314)
        • Inline Connector end view (C315)
        • Inline Connector end view (C316)
        • Driver Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C323)
        • Inline Connector end view (C327)
        • Inline Connector end view (C328)
        • Inline Connector end view (C339)
        • Inline Connector end view (C340)
        • Power Seat Motor Assembly, Left Connector End View (C353)
        • Seat Adjust Switch, Driver Side Front Connector End View (C360)
        • Power Point Connector End View (C380)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Right Connector End View (C384)
        • Sliding Door Ajar Switch, Right Connector End View (C398)
        • Inline Connector end view (C405)
        • Inline Connector end view (C406)
        • Inline Connector end view (C411)
        • Lamp Assembly, Left Rear Connector End View (C414)
        • Lamp Assembly, Right Rear Connector End View (C417)
        • Inline Connector end view (C421)
        • Inline Connector end view (C422)
        • Inline Connector end view (C423)
        • Inline Connector end view (C431)
        • Inline Connector end view (C432)
        • Inline Connector end view (C438)
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Vent Valve Connector End View (C450)
        • Reversing Lamp, Left Connector End View (C451)
        • Rear Axle Speed Sensor Connector End View (C455)
        • Reversing Lamp, right Connector End View (C461)
        • High Mounted Stoplamp Connector End View (C475)
        • Speaker, Left Rear Connector End View (C484)
        • Speaker, Right Rear Connector End View (C485)
        • Master Window/Door Lock/Unlock Switch Connector End View (C508)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Driver Side Connector End View (C521)
        • Speaker, Left Front Connector End View (C523)
        • Power Window Motor, Drive Side Front Connector End View (C524)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Left Front Connector End View (C525)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector End View (C527)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Passenger Side Connector End View (C601)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Right Front Connector End View (C603)
        • Power Window Motor, Passenger Side Front Connector End View (C608)
        • Speaker, Right Front Connector End View (C612)
        • Front Passenger Window/Door Lock Switch Connector End View (C629)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Right Connector End View (C806)
        • Speaker, Right Middle Connector End View (C813)
        • Side Door Ajar Switch, Right Connector End View (C816)
        • Side Door Lock Actuator, Right Connector End View (C817)
        • Vanity Mirror Lamp, Right Connector End View (C906)
        • Vanity Mirror Lamp, Left Connector End View (C907)
        • Inline Connector end view (C913)
        • Inline Connector end view (C919)
        • Inline Connector end view (C922)
        • Cargo Lamp Connector End View (C926)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C929)
        • Overhead Console Connector End View (C930)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C931)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Rear Connector End View (C932)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Rear Connector End View (C951)
        • Roof Marker Lamp, Left Connector End View (C970)
        • Roof Marker Lamp, Left Center Connector End View (C971)
        • Roof Marker Lamp, Center Connector End View (C972)
        • Roof Marker Lamp, Right Center Connector End View (C973)
        • Roof Marker Lamp, Right Connector End View (C974)
        • Video Display, Left Connector End View (C976)
        • Video Display, Right Connector End View (C977)
        • Horn Relay Connector End View (C1006)
        • A/C Clutch Relay Connector End View (C1008)
        • Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) Module Connector End View (C1009)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1010)
        • Blower Motor Relay Connector End View (C1011)
        • PCM Power Relay Connector End View (C1016)
        • Starter Relay (11450) Connector End View (C1017A)
        • Starter Relay Connector End View (C1017B)
        • Starter Relay (11450) Connector End View (C1017C)
        • PCM Power Diode Connector End View (C1018)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1019)
        • Headlamp, Left Connector End View (C1021)
        • Park/Turn Lamp Left Front Connector End View (C1023)
        • Deactivator Switch Connector End View (C1025)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1026)
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) Module Connector End View (C1030)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1033)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) Connector End View (C1035A)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) Connector End View (C1035B)
        • Headlamp, Right Connector End View (C1041)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1043)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1045)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1046)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1047)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sender Connector End View (C1061)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1065)
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve Connector End View (C1066)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) Sensor Connector End View (C1068)
        • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid Connector End View (C1072)
        • Fuel Heater Connector End View (C1076)
        • A/C High Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1078)
        • Glow Plug Relay Connector End View (C1084A)
        • Glow Plug Relay Connector End View (C1084B)
        • Glow Plug Relay Connector End View (C1084c)
        • Glow Pug Relay Connector End View (C1084d)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor Connector End View (C1087)
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Connector End View (C1088)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100a)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100B)
        • Generator Connector End View (C1104a)
        • Generator Connector End View (C1104B)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) Sensor Connector End View (C1130)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1147)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1148)
        • Cylinder... Head Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C1164)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1168)
        • Injector Driver Module (IDM) Connector End View (C1174)
        • Trailer Low Relay, Reversing Lamp Connector End View (C1178)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C1181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C1182)
        • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View (C1183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C1184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C1185)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C1186)
        • Trailer Tow Relay Parking Lamp Connector End View (C1199)
        • Trailer Tow Relay, Battery Charge Connector End View (C1200)
        • Fuel Injector 9 Connector End View (C1204)
        • Fuel Injector 10 Connector End View (C1205)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector End View (C1206)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector End View (C1207)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1220)
        • Front Blower Motor Connector End View (C1227)
        • Blower Motor Resistor Connector End View (C1228)
        • Injector Driver Module (IDM) Power Relay Connector End View (C1235)
        • Air Intake Heater Grid Connector End View (C1239A)
        • Air Intake Heater Grid Connector End View (C1239B)
        • Injector Pressure Regulator (IPR) Connector End View (C1242)
        • Injector Control Pressure (ICP) Sensor Connector End View (C1244)
        • Manifold Intake Air Heater Relay Connector End View (C1245A)
        • Manifold Intake Air Heater Relay Connector End View (C1245B)
        • Manifold Intake Air Heater Relay Connector End View (C1245C)
        • Manifold Intake Air Heater Relay Connector End View (C1245d)
        • Battery II Connector End View (C1249a)
        • Battery II Connector End View (C1249B)
        • Stop Lamp Relay Connector End View (C1250)
        • Generator, Secondary Connector End View (C1251a)
        • Generator, Secondary Connector End View (C1251b)
        • Vacuum Warning Switch Connector End View (C1252)
        • Fuel Pump Connector End View (C1253)
        • Natural Gas (Vehicle (NGV) Timer Jumper Connector End View (C1254)
        • ABS Relay Connector End View (C1255)
        • High Pitch Horn Connector End View (C1256)
        • Fuel Rail Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C1257)
        • Fuel Rail Cutoff Valve Connector End View (C1258)
        • Clearance Lamp Relay Connector End View (C1259)
        • Exhaust Back Pressure (EBP) Sensor Connector End View (C1271)
        • Exhaust Pressure Regulator (EPR) Connector End View (C1272)
        • Glow Plug Control Module (GPCM) Connector End View (C1273A)
        • Glow Plug Control Module (GPCM) Connector End View (C1273B)
        • 4R70W Transmission Connector End View (C1274)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor (6B288) Connector End View (C1275)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sender Connector End View (C1276)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1278)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1279)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1282)
        • Auxiliary Battery Relay Connector End View (C1283A)
        • Auxiliary Battery Relay Connector End View (C1283B)
        • Auxiliary Battery Relay Connector End View (C1283C)
        • Headlamp Left Connector End View (C1284)
        • Headlamp, Right Connector End View (C1285)
        • Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Module Connector End View (C1286)
        • Fuel Injector 7 Connector End View (C1312)
        • Fuel Injector 8 Connector End View (C1313)
        • Valve Cover Assembly, Left Connector End View (C1317)
        • Valve Cover Assembly, Right Connector End View (C1318)
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector End View (C2008)
        • N***3 Parking Brake Switch Connector End View (C2015)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031)
        • Power Point Connector End View (C2033)
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Connector End View (C2040)
        • Overdrive Cancel Switch Connector End View (C2136)
        • Electronic Flasher Module Connector End View (C2141)
        • Warning Buzzer Chime Module Connector End View (C2156)
        • Wiper Control Module (WCM) Connector End View (C2157)
        • Idle Validation Switch Connector End View (C2172)
        • Auxiliary Powertrain Control Module (APCM) Connector End View (C2176)
        • ABS Relay Connector End View (C2186)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2187)
        • Radio Connector End View (C2188a)
        • Radio Connector End View (C2188B)
        • Driveline Disconnect Switch Connector End View (C2190)
        • Electronic Crash Sensor (ECS) Module Connector End View (C2209)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3007)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3047)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3049)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3050)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3051)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3052)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3053)
        • Power Point, Console 1 Connector End View (C3063)
        • Power Point, Console 2 Connector End View (C3064)
        • Video Cassette Player Connector End View (C3076)
        • Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) Module Connector End View (C3077a)
        • Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) Module Connector End View (C3077B)
        • Fuel Sender Connector End View (C3104)
        • Extended Range Fuel Tank Valve 1 Connector End View (C3122)
        • Fuel Talk Pressure Transducer Sensor Connector End View (C3123)
        • Fuel Talk Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C3124)
        • Aft...Axle Fuel Talk Valve, Front Connector End View (C3125)
        • Aft...Axle Fuel Talk Valve, Rear Connector End View (C3126)
        • Fuel Pump Module Connector End View (C3127)
        • In... Transit Fuel Pump Module Connector End View (C3128)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Left Front Connector End View (C3129)
        • Speaker, Left Middle Connector End View (C3130)
        • Memory Lock Module Lock Jumper Connector End View (C3131)
        • Midship Fuel Tank Valve Connector End View (C3132)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3133)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3134)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3135)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3136)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3137)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3138)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3139)
        • Remote Keyless Entry Module Connector End View (C3140A)
        • Remote Keyless Entry Module Connector End View (C3140B)
        • Door Ajar Switch Right Front Connector End View (C3141)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3149)
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Transducer Sensor Connector End View (C3166)
        • Reversing Alarm Speaker Connector End View (C4015a)
        • Reversing Alarm Speaker Connector End View (C4015b)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Right Rear Connector End View (C4032)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Left Rear Connector End View (C4035)
        • License Plate Lamp Connector End View (C4046)
        • Trailer Tow Connector, 4...Pin Connector End View (C4098)
        • Trailer Tow Connector, 7...Pin Connector End View (C4099)
        • Auxiliary Blower Motor Connector End View (C4106)
        • Auxiliary Bower Motor Resistor Assembly Connector End View (C4107)
        • Rear A/C Blower Speed Relay 1 Connector End View (C4117)
        • Rear A/C Blower Speed Relay 2 Connector End View (C4118)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Rear Doors Connector End View (C4119)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Rear Doors Connector End View (C4120)
        • Door Lock Switch, Rear Doors Connector End View (C4121)
  • Starters
    • Description
    • Component Locations
    • Adjustments
      • Digital Transmission Range Sensor
    • Trouble Shooting
    • System Tests
      • Notes
      • Test A: Engine Does Not Crank Or Relay Clicks
      • Test B: Unusual Starter Noise
    • Component Tests
      • Starter Relay
    • On Vehicle Testing
      • Notes
      • Voltage Drop Test
      • Starter Ground Circuit Test
    • Removal & Installation
      • Notes
      • Starter Motor
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation (2.0L)
        • Removal & Installation (3.0L)
    • Starter Motor Specifications
    • Torque Specifications
    • Wiring Diagrams
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • Inline Connector end view (C146)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Left Front Connector End View (C150)
        • ABS Control Module Connector End View (C155A)
        • ABS Control Module Connector End View (C155B)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Right Front Connector End View (C160)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) Sensor Connector End View (C167)
        • 4R100 Transmission Connector End View (C168)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) #11 Connector End View (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) #21 Connector End View (C172)
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor Connector End View (C174)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector End View (C175)
        • Forward Crash Sensor Connector End View (C177)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C182)
        • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View (C183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C185)
        • Fuel Injector 7 Connector End View (C186)
        • Fuel Injector 7 Connector End View (C187)
        • Fuel Injector 8 Connector End View (C188)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C189)
        • Inlet Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Module Connector End View (C191)
        • Inline Connector end view (C192)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Connector End View (C193)
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor 2 Connector End View (C194)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197A)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197B)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202A)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202B)
        • Main Light Switch Connector End View (C205)
        • Inline Connector end view (C210)
        • Inline Connector end view (C211)
        • Inline Connector end view (C212)
        • Inline Connector end view (C213)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218A)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218B)
        • Inline Connector end view (C219)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220A)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220B)
        • Instrument Cluster Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220C)
        • Inline Connector end view (C237)
        • Inline Connector end view (C238)
        • Inline Connector end view (C248)
        • Ignition Switch Connector End View (C250)
        • Data Link Connector End View (DLC) Connector End View (C251)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connector End View (C256)
        • Inline Connector end view (C275)
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C278)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch Connector End View (C282)
        • Temperature Blend Door Actuator Connector End View (C289)
        • Inline Connector end view (C291)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly Front Connector End View (C294A)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294B)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294C)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294D)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294E)
        • Inline Connector end view (C298)
        • Inline Connector end view (C299)
        • Inline Connector end view (C300)
        • Passenger Safety Belt, Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C303)
        • Inline Connector end view (C311)
        • Inline Connector end view (C312)
        • Inline Connector end view (C313)
        • Inline Connector end view (C314)
        • Inline Connector end view (C315)
        • Inline Connector end view (C316)
        • Driver Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C323)
        • Inline Connector end view (C327)
        • Inline Connector end view (C328)
        • Inline Connector end view (C339)
        • Inline Connector end view (C340)
        • Power Seat Motor Assembly, Left Connector End View (C353)
        • Seat Adjust Switch, Driver Side Front Connector End View (C360)
        • Power Point Connector End View (C380)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Right Connector End View (C384)
        • Sliding Door Ajar Switch, Right Connector End View (C398)
        • Inline Connector end view (C405)
        • Inline Connector end view (C406)
        • Inline Connector end view (C411)
        • Lamp Assembly, Left Rear Connector End View (C414)
        • Lamp Assembly, Right Rear Connector End View (C417)
        • Inline Connector end view (C421)
        • Inline Connector end view (C422)
        • Inline Connector end view (C423)
        • Inline Connector end view (C431)
        • Inline Connector end view (C432)
        • Inline Connector end view (C438)
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Vent Valve Connector End View (C450)
        • Reversing Lamp, Left Connector End View (C451)
        • Rear Axle Speed Sensor Connector End View (C455)
        • Reversing Lamp, right Connector End View (C461)
        • High Mounted Stoplamp Connector End View (C475)
        • Speaker, Left Rear Connector End View (C484)
        • Speaker, Right Rear Connector End View (C485)
        • Master Window/Door Lock/Unlock Switch Connector End View (C508)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Driver Side Connector End View (C521)
        • Speaker, Left Front Connector End View (C523)
        • Power Window Motor, Drive Side Front Connector End View (C524)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Left Front Connector End View (C525)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector End View (C527)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Passenger Side Connector End View (C601)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Right Front Connector End View (C603)
        • Power Window Motor, Passenger Side Front Connector End View (C608)
        • Speaker, Right Front Connector End View (C612)
        • Front Passenger Window/Door Lock Switch Connector End View (C629)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Right Connector End View (C806)
        • Speaker, Right Middle Connector End View (C813)
        • Side Door Ajar Switch, Right Connector End View (C816)
        • Side Door Lock Actuator, Right Connector End View (C817)
        • Vanity Mirror Lamp, Right Connector End View (C906)
        • Vanity Mirror Lamp, Left Connector End View (C907)
        • Inline Connector end view (C913)
        • Inline Connector end view (C919)
        • Inline Connector end view (C922)
        • Cargo Lamp Connector End View (C926)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C929)
        • Overhead Console Connector End View (C930)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C931)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Rear Connector End View (C932)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Rear Connector End View (C951)
        • Roof Marker Lamp, Left Connector End View (C970)
        • Roof Marker Lamp, Left Center Connector End View (C971)
        • Roof Marker Lamp, Center Connector End View (C972)
        • Roof Marker Lamp, Right Center Connector End View (C973)
        • Roof Marker Lamp, Right Connector End View (C974)
        • Video Display, Left Connector End View (C976)
        • Video Display, Right Connector End View (C977)
        • Horn Relay Connector End View (C1006)
        • A/C Clutch Relay Connector End View (C1008)
        • Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) Module Connector End View (C1009)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1010)
        • Blower Motor Relay Connector End View (C1011)
        • PCM Power Relay Connector End View (C1016)
        • Starter Relay (11450) Connector End View (C1017A)
        • Starter Relay Connector End View (C1017B)
        • Starter Relay (11450) Connector End View (C1017C)
        • PCM Power Diode Connector End View (C1018)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1019)
        • Headlamp, Left Connector End View (C1021)
        • Park/Turn Lamp Left Front Connector End View (C1023)
        • Deactivator Switch Connector End View (C1025)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1026)
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) Module Connector End View (C1030)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1033)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) Connector End View (C1035A)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) Connector End View (C1035B)
        • Headlamp, Right Connector End View (C1041)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1043)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1045)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1046)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1047)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sender Connector End View (C1061)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1065)
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve Connector End View (C1066)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) Sensor Connector End View (C1068)
        • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid Connector End View (C1072)
        • Fuel Heater Connector End View (C1076)
        • A/C High Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1078)
        • Glow Plug Relay Connector End View (C1084A)
        • Glow Plug Relay Connector End View (C1084B)
        • Glow Plug Relay Connector End View (C1084c)
        • Glow Pug Relay Connector End View (C1084d)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor Connector End View (C1087)
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Connector End View (C1088)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100a)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100B)
        • Generator Connector End View (C1104a)
        • Generator Connector End View (C1104B)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) Sensor Connector End View (C1130)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1147)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1148)
        • Cylinder... Head Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C1164)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1168)
        • Injector Driver Module (IDM) Connector End View (C1174)
        • Trailer Low Relay, Reversing Lamp Connector End View (C1178)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C1181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C1182)
        • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View (C1183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C1184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C1185)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C1186)
        • Trailer Tow Relay Parking Lamp Connector End View (C1199)
        • Trailer Tow Relay, Battery Charge Connector End View (C1200)
        • Fuel Injector 9 Connector End View (C1204)
        • Fuel Injector 10 Connector End View (C1205)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector End View (C1206)
        • Coil On Plug (COP) Connector End View (C1207)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1220)
        • Front Blower Motor Connector End View (C1227)
        • Blower Motor Resistor Connector End View (C1228)
        • Injector Driver Module (IDM) Power Relay Connector End View (C1235)
        • Air Intake Heater Grid Connector End View (C1239A)
        • Air Intake Heater Grid Connector End View (C1239B)
        • Injector Pressure Regulator (IPR) Connector End View (C1242)
        • Injector Control Pressure (ICP) Sensor Connector End View (C1244)
        • Manifold Intake Air Heater Relay Connector End View (C1245A)
        • Manifold Intake Air Heater Relay Connector End View (C1245B)
        • Manifold Intake Air Heater Relay Connector End View (C1245C)
        • Manifold Intake Air Heater Relay Connector End View (C1245d)
        • Battery II Connector End View (C1249a)
        • Battery II Connector End View (C1249B)
        • Stop Lamp Relay Connector End View (C1250)
        • Generator, Secondary Connector End View (C1251a)
        • Generator, Secondary Connector End View (C1251b)
        • Vacuum Warning Switch Connector End View (C1252)
        • Fuel Pump Connector End View (C1253)
        • Natural Gas (Vehicle (NGV) Timer Jumper Connector End View (C1254)
        • ABS Relay Connector End View (C1255)
        • High Pitch Horn Connector End View (C1256)
        • Fuel Rail Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C1257)
        • Fuel Rail Cutoff Valve Connector End View (C1258)
        • Clearance Lamp Relay Connector End View (C1259)
        • Exhaust Back Pressure (EBP) Sensor Connector End View (C1271)
        • Exhaust Pressure Regulator (EPR) Connector End View (C1272)
        • Glow Plug Control Module (GPCM) Connector End View (C1273A)
        • Glow Plug Control Module (GPCM) Connector End View (C1273B)
        • 4R70W Transmission Connector End View (C1274)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor (6B288) Connector End View (C1275)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sender Connector End View (C1276)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1278)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1279)
        • Inline Connector end view (C1282)
        • Auxiliary Battery Relay Connector End View (C1283A)
        • Auxiliary Battery Relay Connector End View (C1283B)
        • Auxiliary Battery Relay Connector End View (C1283C)
        • Headlamp Left Connector End View (C1284)
        • Headlamp, Right Connector End View (C1285)
        • Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Module Connector End View (C1286)
        • Fuel Injector 7 Connector End View (C1312)
        • Fuel Injector 8 Connector End View (C1313)
        • Valve Cover Assembly, Left Connector End View (C1317)
        • Valve Cover Assembly, Right Connector End View (C1318)
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector End View (C2008)
        • N***3 Parking Brake Switch Connector End View (C2015)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031)
        • Power Point Connector End View (C2033)
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Connector End View (C2040)
        • Overdrive Cancel Switch Connector End View (C2136)
        • Electronic Flasher Module Connector End View (C2141)
        • Warning Buzzer Chime Module Connector End View (C2156)
        • Wiper Control Module (WCM) Connector End View (C2157)
        • Idle Validation Switch Connector End View (C2172)
        • Auxiliary Powertrain Control Module (APCM) Connector End View (C2176)
        • ABS Relay Connector End View (C2186)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2187)
        • Radio Connector End View (C2188a)
        • Radio Connector End View (C2188B)
        • Driveline Disconnect Switch Connector End View (C2190)
        • Electronic Crash Sensor (ECS) Module Connector End View (C2209)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3007)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3047)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3049)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3050)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3051)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3052)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3053)
        • Power Point, Console 1 Connector End View (C3063)
        • Power Point, Console 2 Connector End View (C3064)
        • Video Cassette Player Connector End View (C3076)
        • Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) Module Connector End View (C3077a)
        • Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) Module Connector End View (C3077B)
        • Fuel Sender Connector End View (C3104)
        • Extended Range Fuel Tank Valve 1 Connector End View (C3122)
        • Fuel Talk Pressure Transducer Sensor Connector End View (C3123)
        • Fuel Talk Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C3124)
        • Aft...Axle Fuel Talk Valve, Front Connector End View (C3125)
        • Aft...Axle Fuel Talk Valve, Rear Connector End View (C3126)
        • Fuel Pump Module Connector End View (C3127)
        • In... Transit Fuel Pump Module Connector End View (C3128)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Left Front Connector End View (C3129)
        • Speaker, Left Middle Connector End View (C3130)
        • Memory Lock Module Lock Jumper Connector End View (C3131)
        • Midship Fuel Tank Valve Connector End View (C3132)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3133)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3134)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3135)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3136)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3137)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3138)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3139)
        • Remote Keyless Entry Module Connector End View (C3140A)
        • Remote Keyless Entry Module Connector End View (C3140B)
        • Door Ajar Switch Right Front Connector End View (C3141)
        • Inline Connector end view (C3149)
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Transducer Sensor Connector End View (C3166)
        • Reversing Alarm Speaker Connector End View (C4015a)
        • Reversing Alarm Speaker Connector End View (C4015b)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Right Rear Connector End View (C4032)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Left Rear Connector End View (C4035)
        • License Plate Lamp Connector End View (C4046)
        • Trailer Tow Connector, 4...Pin Connector End View (C4098)
        • Trailer Tow Connector, 7...Pin Connector End View (C4099)
        • Auxiliary Blower Motor Connector End View (C4106)
        • Auxiliary Bower Motor Resistor Assembly Connector End View (C4107)
        • Rear A/C Blower Speed Relay 1 Connector End View (C4117)
        • Rear A/C Blower Speed Relay 2 Connector End View (C4118)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Rear Doors Connector End View (C4119)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Rear Doors Connector End View (C4120)
        • Door Lock Switch, Rear Doors Connector End View (C4121)
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
        • Notes
        • 2.0L
        • 3.0L
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Body Control Modules
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cooling Fan
        • 2.0L
        • 3.0L
      • Cruise Control
      • Defoggers
      • Engine Performance
        • 2.0L
        • 3.0L
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Seats
      • Power Top/Sunroof
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlock
      • Starting/Charging
        • Notes
        • 2.0L
        • 3.0L
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Engine Mechanical
  • Accessory Drive Belts
    • Cooling System Specifications & Drive Belt Routing
      • Belt Adjustment
        • Notes
        • Belt Tension Adjustment Specifications (Villager)
        • Belt Tension Adjustment Specifications (Except Villager)
      • Drive Belt Routing
        • Notes
        • Drive Belt Routing (ECONOLINE & F150 Pickup - 4.2L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (BLACKWOOD, ECONOLINE, Excursion, Expedition, F150-550 Pickup & Navigator 4.6L, 5.4L & 6.8L With A/C, & Explorer & Mountaineer 4.6L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (ECONOLINE - 7.3L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Escape - 2.0L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Excursion & F250-550 Pickup 7.3L Diesel)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport TRAC, Mountaineer & Ranger - 4.0L SOHC With A/C)
        • Drive Belt Routing (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC)
        • Ranger - Except 4.0L SOHC With A/C
          • Drive Belt Routing (Ranger - 2.3L)
          • Drive Belt Routing (Ranger - 3.0L)
          • Drive Belt Routing (Ranger - 4.0L SOHC)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Villager - 3.3L With A/C)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Windstar - 3.8L)
      • Cooling System Specifications
        • Coolant Replacement Interval
        • Cooling System Specifications (BLACKWOOD)
        • Cooling System Specifications (ECONOLINE)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Expedition & Navigator)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Excursion & F250-550 Pickups)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Escape)
        • Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport TRAC, Mountaineer
        • Cooling System Specifications (F150 Pickup)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Ranger)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Villager)
        • Cooling System Specifications (WINDSTAR)
  • Auxiliary Emission Control Systems
    • Emission Control System Visual Inspection Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Emission Control Labels
      • Emission Control Visual Inspection
        • Notes
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV)
        • Thermostatic Air Cleaner (TAC)
        • Fuel Evaporative System (EVAP)
        • Catalytic Converters
          • Oxidation Catalyst (OC)
          • Three-Way Catalyst (TWC)
          • Three-Way Catalyst + Oxidation Catalyst (TWC + OC)
        • Fill Pipe RESTRICTOR (Fr)
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) System
          • Single Diaphragm EGR Valve
          • Dual Diaphragm EGR Valve
          • Positive Backpressure EGR (BP/EGR) Valve
          • Negative Backpressure EGR (BP/EGR) Valve
          • Digital EGR Valve
          • Integrated Electronic EGR Valve
        • Spark Controls (SPK)
        • Air Injection System (AIS)
          • Air Pump Injection System (AP)
          • Pulsed Secondary Air Injection (PAIR) System
        • Oxygen Sensor (O2)
        • Computerized Engine Controls (CEC)
        • Early Fuel Evaporation (EFE)
        • Emission Maintenance Reminder Light (EMR) (If Equipped)
        • Malfunction Indicator Light (Mil)
  • Electric Cooling Fans
    • Description & Operation
    • Component Locations
    • Trouble Shooting
      • Notes
      • Preliminary Inspection
    • Diagnostic System
    • Removal & Installation
      • Fan Assembly
        • Removal & Installation
    • Torque Specifications
    • Wiring Diagrams
  • Cooling System (Mechanical)
    • Cooling System Specifications & Drive Belt Routing
      • Belt Adjustment
        • Notes
        • Belt Tension Adjustment Specifications (Villager)
        • Belt Tension Adjustment Specifications (Except Villager)
      • Drive Belt Routing
        • Notes
        • Drive Belt Routing (ECONOLINE & F150 Pickup - 4.2L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (BLACKWOOD, ECONOLINE, Excursion, Expedition, F150-550 Pickup & Navigator 4.6L, 5.4L & 6.8L With A/C, & Explorer & Mountaineer 4.6L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (ECONOLINE - 7.3L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Escape - 2.0L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Excursion & F250-550 Pickup 7.3L Diesel)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport TRAC, Mountaineer & Ranger - 4.0L SOHC With A/C)
        • Drive Belt Routing (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC)
        • Ranger - Except 4.0L SOHC With A/C
          • Drive Belt Routing (Ranger - 2.3L)
          • Drive Belt Routing (Ranger - 3.0L)
          • Drive Belt Routing (Ranger - 4.0L SOHC)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Villager - 3.3L With A/C)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Windstar - 3.8L)
      • Cooling System Specifications
        • Coolant Replacement Interval
        • Cooling System Specifications (BLACKWOOD)
        • Cooling System Specifications (ECONOLINE)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Expedition & Navigator)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Excursion & F250-550 Pickups)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Escape)
        • Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport TRAC, Mountaineer
        • Cooling System Specifications (F150 Pickup)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Ranger)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Villager)
        • Cooling System Specifications (WINDSTAR)
    • Engine Cooling
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine Cooling
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine Cooling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Loss Of Coolant
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Engine Overheats
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Engine Does Not Reach Normal Operating Temperature
        • Component Tests
          • Pressure Test
          • Thermostat
            • Notes
            • Thermostat - Electrical Test
            • Thermostat - Mechanical Test
          • Radiator Leak Test, Removed From the Vehicle
      • General Procedures
        • Cooling System Inspection
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection
        • Cooling System Draining, Filling and Bleeding
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Draining
          • 2.0L Zetec
          • Filling and Bleeding with RADKITPLUS
          • Filling and Bleeding without RADKITPLUS
        • Cooling System Flushing
          • Special Tool(s)
          • System Flushing
      • Removal And Installation
        • Block Heater
          • Removal and Installation
        • Thermostat - 2.0L Zetec
          • Removal and Installation
        • Thermostat - 3.0L (4V)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Thermostat Housing - 2.0L Zetec
          • Removal and Installation
        • Bypass Tube - 3.0L (4V)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Water Pump - 3.0L (4V)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Water Pump - 2.0L Zetec
          • Removal and Installation
        • Cooling Fan
          • Removal and Installation
        • Radiator
          • Removal and Installation
        • Degas Bottle
          • Removal and Installation
  • Mechanical
    • Engine - 3.0L (4V)
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine
          • Notes
          • Upper Engine Components
          • Lower Engine Components
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine
      • In-Vehicle Repair
        • Upper Intake Manifold
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lower Intake Manifold
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Engine Front Cover
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Cover LH
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Cover RH
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Camshafts LH
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Camshafts RH
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Timing Drive Components
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Roller Followers
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Hydraulic Lash Adjusters
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Crankshaft Pulley
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Front Oil Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Spring
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Valve Seals
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Exhaust Manifold LH
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Exhaust Manifold RH
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cylinder Head LH
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cylinder Head RH
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Cooler
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Oil Pressure Sender
          • Removal and Installation
        • Oil Level Indicator and Tube
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Oil Pan
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Pump Screen and Pickup Tube
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Pan Baffle
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Pump
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Flexplate
          • Removal and Installation
        • Crankshaft Rear Oil Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Engine Support Insulators - Front, RH
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
      • Removal
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
      • Disassembly
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Engine Disassembly Procedure
      • Disassembly And Assembly Of Subassemblies
        • Cylinder Head
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Piston
          • Material
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
      • Assembly
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Engine Assembly Procedure
      • Installation
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
    • Engine System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
            • Engine Oil Leaks
            • Engine Oil Leaks - Fluorescent Oil Additive Method
            • Leakage Points - Underhood
            • Leakage Points - Under Engine, With Vehicle on Hoist
            • Leakage Points - With Transmission and Flywheel Removed
          • Compression Test - Compression Gauge Check
            • Notes
            • Compression Test - Test Results
            • Compression Pressure Limit Chart
            • Compression Test - Interpreting Compression Readings
          • Cylinder Leakage Detection
          • Excessive Engine Oil Consumption
            • Notes
            • Basic Pre-Checks
            • Detailed Pre-Checks
            • Oil Consumption Test
            • Post Checks, Evaluation and Corrective Action
          • Intake Manifold Vacuum Test
            • Notes
            • Intake Manifold Vacuum Test - Interpreting Vacuum Gauge Readings
            • Oil Pressure Test
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Valve Cover Removed
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Rocker Arm
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Camshaft Roller Followers and Hydraulic Lash Adjusters, Overhead Camshaft
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Camshaft - Engines
            • Valve Train Analysis - Valve Springs
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Valve Spring Retainer and Valve Spring Retainer Keys
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Valves and Cylinder Head
          • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Running
            • Notes
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Running, Valves and Cylinder Head
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Running, Camshaft Lobe Lift - OHC Engines
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Running, Valve Tappet
      • General Procedures
        • Sprockets
        • Camshaft Journal - Diameter
        • Camshaft Journal - Clearance, Plastigage Method
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Camshaft End Play - OHC Engines
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Camshaft - Lobe Surface
        • Camshaft Lobe Lift
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Camshaft Runout
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Diameter
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Taper
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Clearance
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Crankshaft End Play
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Crankshaft Runout
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Crankshaft - Connecting Rod Journal Taper, Out of Round
        • Cylinder Bore - Taper
        • Cylinder Bore - Out-of-Round
        • Piston Inspection
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Piston Inspection Procedure
        • Piston - Pin to Bore Diameter
        • Piston - Diameter
        • Piston - to Cylinder Bore Clearance
        • Piston - Selection
        • Piston - Ring End Gap
        • Piston - Ring-to-Groove Clearance
        • Piston - Pin Diameter
        • Connecting Rod - Cleaning
        • Connecting Rod - Large End Bore
        • Connecting Rod - Bushing Diameter
        • Connecting Rod - Bend
        • Connecting Rod - Twist
        • Connecting Rod - Piston Pin Side Clearance
        • Connecting Rod - Bearing Journal Clearance
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Measuring Bearing Journal Clearance
        • Roller Follower - Inspection
          • Push rod engines
          • OHC engines
        • Valve Tappet - Inspection
          • Push rod engines
          • OHC engines
        • Valve Tappet - Leakdown Test, Hydraulic
        • Valve - Stem Diameter
        • Valve - Stem to Valve Guide Clearance
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Valve Stem To Valve Guide Clearance
        • Valve - Inspection
        • Valve - Guide Inner Diameter
        • Valve - Guide Reaming
        • Valve - Spring Installed Length
        • Valve - Spring Free Length
        • Valve - Spring Squareness
        • Valve Spring Strength
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Valve Spring Strength Procedure
        • Valve - Seat Inspection
          • Valve And Seat Refacing Measurements
        • Valve - Seat Width
        • Valve - Seat Runout
        • Cylinder Head - Distortion
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Cylinder Head - Distortion Procedure
        • Cylinder Bore - Cleaning
        • Cylinder Block Core Plug Replacement
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Expansion-Type
        • Spark Plug - Inspection
        • Exhaust Manifold - Inspection
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Exhaust Manifold - Inspection
        • Bearing - Inspection
  • Starters
    • Description
    • Component Locations
    • Adjustments
      • Digital Transmission Range Sensor
    • Trouble Shooting
    • System Tests
      • Notes
      • Test A: Engine Does Not Crank Or Relay Clicks
      • Test B: Unusual Starter Noise
    • Component Tests
      • Starter Relay
    • On Vehicle Testing
      • Notes
      • Voltage Drop Test
      • Starter Ground Circuit Test
    • Removal & Installation
      • Notes
      • Starter Motor
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation (2.0L)
        • Removal & Installation (3.0L)
    • Starter Motor Specifications
    • Torque Specifications
    • Wiring Diagrams
• Engine Performance
  • Engine Control System - Adjustments
    • Engine Mechanical
    • Valve Clearance
    • Ignition Timing
      • Gasoline Engines
        • Except Villager
        • Villager
    • Injector Timing
      • Diesel Engines
    • Idle Speed
      • Gasoline Engines
        • Except Villager
        • Villager
      • Diesel Engines
    • Throttle Position Sensor
      • Gasoline Engines
        • Except Villager
        • Villager
    • Accelerator Pedal Sensor
      • Diesel Engines
  • Application
    • Engine Introduction - Trucks
      • Engine Introduction - Trucks
        • Notes
        • Vehicle Identification Number Description
          • Notes
          • World Manufacturer Identifier - Position 1
          • Brake Type & Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) - Position 2
          • Line, Series & Body Type Code - Position 3
          • Engine Code - Position 4
          • Computer-Generated Check Digit - Position 5
          • Model Year Code - Position 6
          • Assembly Plant Code - Position 7
          • Production Sequence Number - Position 8
        • Model/Year VIN Code Applications
        • Engine Code Location
  • Emissions
    • EGR Function Testing - Ford - Cars
      • EGR Function Testing - Ford - Cars
        • Test 1
          • Ported EGR Valve
        • Test 2
          • Backpressure Transducer EGR System
        • Test 3
          • Integral Backpressure Transducer EGR System
        • Test 4
          • Electronic EGR Valve
        • Test 5
          • 1994-96 All Except 2.5L (VIN B)
        • Test 6
          • EEC-V Equipped Vehicles
        • Test 7
          • 1.8L & 2.5L (EEC Systems)
        • Test 8
          • EGR Valve
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator (EVR) Solenoid
        • Test 9
    • EGR Function Testing - Ford - Trucks
      • EGR Function Testing - Ford - Trucks
        • Test 1
          • Ported EGR Valve
        • Test 2
          • Backpressure Transducer EGR System
        • Test 3
          • Integral Backpressure Transducer Assembly
        • Test 4
          • Electronic EGR Valve
        • Test 5
          • Vacuum Amplifier (If Equipped)
        • Test 6
          • EEC-V Equipped Vehicles
        • Test 7
          • 1996-97 EEC-IV Equipped Trucks
        • Test 8
          • EGR Valve
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
        • Test 9
    • Emission Applications - Gas
      • Emission Applications
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
  • Ignition System
    • Engine Ignition-3.0L (4V)
      • Specification
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine Ignition
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine Ignition
      • Removal And Installation
        • Ignition Coil-On-Plug -LH
          • Removal and Installation
        • Ignition Coil-On-Plug -RH
          • Removal and Installation
        • Spark Plug
          • Removal
  • Mode 6 - 2002 Ford - Except Diesel
    • Introduction
    • Catalyst Monitor
    • Misfire Monitor
    • Air System Monitor
    • EVAP Monitor
    • Front Ho2S Monitor
    • Rear Ho2S Monitor
    • EGR Monitor
  • Engine Controls - Pin Voltage Charts
    • Introduction
    • Test Equipment
    • Test Procedures
      • Notes
      • Pin Voltage Testing
      • Symptom Testing
        • Notes
        • Reference Value Symptom-To-PID (Bi-Fuel)
        • Reference Value Symptom-To-PID (Gasoline & NGV)
      • PID Testing
        • Notes
        • Accessing Generic OBD-II PIDs
        • Accessing Ford Specific PIDs
      • Pcm Connectors
      • Powertrain Control Module Locations
    • PID Definitions & Pin Voltage/PID Values
      • Notes
      • PID Definitions
        • Generic OBD-II PID Definitions
        • Ford Motor Co. Gasoline OBD-II PID Definitions
        • Ford Motor Co. Bi-Fuel OBD-II PID Definitions
      • Pin Voltage/PID Value Tables
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Blackwood & Navigator 5.4L 4V A/T
          • BLACKWOOD & Navigator 5.4L 4V A/T - Inputs
          • BLACKWOOD & Navigator 5.4L 4V A/T - Outputs
          • BLACKWOOD & Navigator 5.4L 4V A/T - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Econoline 5.4L A/T (Compressed Natural Gas)
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L A/T (Compressed Natural Gas) - Inputs
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L A/T (Compressed Natural Gas) - Outputs
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L A/T (Compressed Natural Gas) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Econoline 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W)
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W) - Inputs
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W) - Outputs
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Econoline 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R100)
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R100) - Inputs
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R100) - Outputs
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Econoline, Excursion & F250-550 7.3L Diesel
          • 7.3L Diesel - Inputs & Outputs
        • Econoline, Expedition & F150 4.6L A/T (4R70W)
          • ECONOLINE, Expedition & F150 4.6L A/T (4R70W) - Inputs
          • ECONOLINE, Expedition & F150 4.6L A/T - Outputs
          • ECONOLINE, Expedition & F150 4.6L A/T - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Econoline & F150 Pickup 4.2L A/T (4R70W)
          • ECONOLINE & F150 4.2L A/T (4R70W) - Inputs
          • ECONOLINE & F150 4.2L A/T (4R70W) - Outputs
          • ECONOLINE & F150 4.2L A/T (4R70W) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Econoline & F250-550 6.8L A/T (4R100)
          • ECONOLINE & F250-550 6.8L A/T (4R100) - Inputs
          • ECONOLINE & F250-550 6.8L A/T (4R100) - Outputs
          • ECONOLINE & F250-550 6.8L A/T (4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Escape 2.0L 4V M/T
          • Escape 2.0L 4V M/T - Inputs
          • Escape 2.0L 4V M/T - Outputs
          • Escape 2.0L 4V M/T - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Escape 3.0L 4V A/T
          • Escape 3.0L 4V A/T - Inputs
          • Escape 3.0L 4V A/T - Outputs
          • Escape 3.0L 4V A/T - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Excursion 5.4L A/T (4R100)
          • Excursion 5.4L A/T (4R100) - Inputs
          • Excursion 5.4L A/T (4R100) - Outputs
          • Excursion 5.4L A/T (4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Excursion 6.8L A/T (4R100)
          • Excursion 6.8L A/T (4R100) - Inputs
          • Excursion 6.8L A/T (4R100) - Outputs
          • Excursion 6.8L A/T (4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Expedition & F150 5.4L 2V A/T (4R100)
          • Expedition & F150 5.4L 2V A/T (4R100) - Inputs
          • Expedition & F150 5.4L 2V A/T (4R100) - Outputs
          • Expedition & F150 5.4L 2V A/T (4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.0L A/T (5R55W)
          • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.0L A/T (5R55W) - Inputs
          • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.0L A/T (5R55W) - Outputs
          • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.0L A/T (5R55W) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Explorer 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R4)
          • Explorer 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R4) - Inputs
          • Explorer 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R4) - Outputs
          • Explorer 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R4) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.6L A/T (5R55W)
          • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.6L A/T (5R55W) - Inputs
          • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.6L A/T (5R55W) - Outputs
          • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.6L A/T (5R55W) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac 4.0L A/T (Flexible Fuel)
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L A/T (Flexible Fuel) - Inputs
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L A/T (Flexible Fuel) - Outputs
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L A/T (Flexible Fuel) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac 4.0L A/T (Gasoline)
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L A/T (Gasoline) - Inputs
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L A/T (Gasoline) - Outputs
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L A/T (Gasoline) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1)
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Inputs
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Outputs
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F150 4.2L M/T (M5OD-R2)
          • F150 4.2L M/T (M5OD-R2) - Inputs
          • F150 4.2L M/T (M5OD-R2) - Outputs
          • F150 4.2L M/T (M5OD-R2) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F150 4.6L M/T (M5OD-R2)
          • F150 4.6L M/T (M5OD-R2) - Inputs
          • F150 4.6L M/T (M5OD-R2) - Outputs
          • F150 4.6L M/T (M5OD-R2) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F150 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W)
          • F150 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W) - Inputs
          • F150 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W) - Outputs
          • F150 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F150 5.4L Compressed Natural Gas A/T (4R70W & 4R100)
          • F150 5.4L Compressed Natural Gas A/T (4R70W & 4R100) - Inputs
          • F150 5.4L Compressed Natural Gas A/T (4R70W & 4R100) - Outputs
          • F150 5.4L Compressed Natural Gas A/T (4R70W & 4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F150 5.4L (Bi-Fuel)
          • F150 5.4L (Bi-Fuel) - Inputs
          • F150 5.4L (Bi-Fuel) - Outputs
          • Cause PID Fault Definitions
        • F150 5.4L SC Lightning A/T (4R100)
          • F150 5.4L SC Lightning A/T (4R100) - Inputs
          • F150 5.4L SC Lightning A/T (4R100) - Outputs
          • F150 5.4L SC Lightning A/T (4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F250-550 5.4L A/T (4R100)
          • F250-350 5.4L A/T (4R100) - Inputs
          • F250-350 5.4L A/T (4R100) - Outputs
          • F250-350 5.4L A/T (4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F250-350 5.4L M/T (ZF S6-650)
          • F250-350 5.4L M/T (ZF S6-650) - Inputs
          • F250-350 5.4L M/T (ZF S6-650) - Outputs
          • F250-350 5.4L M/T (ZF S6-650) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F250-550 6.8L M/T (S6-650)
          • F250-550 6.8L M/T (S6-650) - Inputs
          • F250-550 6.8L M/T (S6-650) - Outputs
          • F250-550 6.8L M/T (S6-650) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F650-750 7.3L Diesel
          • 7.3L Diesel - Inputs & Outputs
        • Ranger 2.3L A/T (5R44E)
          • Ranger 2.3L A/T (5R44E) - Inputs
          • Ranger 2.3L A/T (5R44E) - Outputs
          • Ranger 2.3L A/T (5R44E) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Ranger 2.3L M/T (M5OD-R1)
          • Ranger 2.3L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Inputs
          • Ranger 2.3L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Outputs
          • Ranger 2.3L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Ranger 3.0L Gasoline A/T (5R44E)
          • Ranger 3.0L Gasoline A/T (5R44E) - Inputs
          • Ranger 3.0L Gasoline A/T (5R44E) - Outputs
          • Ranger 3.0L Gasoline A/T (5R44E) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Ranger 3.0L Flexible Fuel A/T (5R44E)
          • Ranger 3.0L Flexible Fuel A/T (5R44E) - Inputs
          • Ranger 3.0L Flexible Fuel A/T (5R44E) - Outputs
          • Ranger 3.0L Flexible Fuel A/T (5R44E) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Ranger 3.0L M/T (M5OD-R1)
          • Ranger 3.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Inputs
          • Ranger 3.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Outputs
          • Ranger 3.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Ranger 4.0L A/T (5R55E)
          • Ranger 4.0L A/T (5R55E) - Inputs
          • Ranger 4.0L A/T (5R55E) - Outputs
          • Ranger 4.0L A/T (5R55E) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Ranger 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1)
          • Ranger 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Inputs
          • Ranger 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Outputs
          • Ranger 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Villager 3.3L A/T (4F20E)
          • Villager 3.3L A/T (4F20E) - Inputs
          • Villager 3.3L - Outputs
        • Windstar 3.8L A/T (4F50N)
          • WINDSTAR 3.8L A/T (4F50N) - Inputs
          • WINDSTAR 3.8L A/T (4F50N) - Outputs
          • WINDSTAR 3.8L A/T (4F50N) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
  • Remove, Overhaul & Install
    • Engine Controls - Removal, Overhaul & Installation
      • Introduction
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Intake Manifold
          • Removal (3.0L - Upper)
          • Installation
        • Idle Air Control Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (2.0L)
        • Throttle Body
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Notes
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Removal & Installation
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Camshaft Position Sensor
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor
        • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor
        • Knock Sensor
      • Cooling System
        • Notes
        • Cooling System Bleeding
      • Ignition Systems
        • Notes
        • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Removal & Installation (2.0L)
          • Removal & Installation (3.0L)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (2.0L)
          • Removal & Installation (3.0L)
        • Knock Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (2.0L)
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel System Safety Precautions
          • Safe Fuel Handling Practices
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Reset Procedure
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
          • Notes
          • 2.0L
          • 3.0L
        • Fuel Line Connectors
          • Push Connect Coupling
          • "R" Clip Coupling
          • Spring Lock Coupling
        • Camshaft Position Sensor
        • Fuel Filter
          • Fuel Filter Removal & Installation - Escape
        • Fuel Pump Module
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Rails & Injectors
          • Removal & Installation (2.0L)
          • Removal (3.0L)
          • Installation
        • Fuel Tank
          • Removal & Installation
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Evaporative Emissions Systems
        • Evaporative Emissions System Safety Precautions
        • Vapor Tube Fittings
        • Charcoal Canister
          • Removal & Installation
        • Purge Valve
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • After Repair Procedure
      • Emissions Systems & Subsystems
        • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (2.0L)
      • Torque Specifications
  • Sensor Range Charts
    • Engine Controls - Sensor Operating Range Charts
      • Introduction
  • Specifications
    • Engine Controls - Service & Adjustment Specifications
      • Introduction
      • Capacities
        • Cooling System Capacities
        • Engine Oil Capacities
        • Transmission & Transfer Case Capacities
        • Differential Fluid Capacities
      • Quick-Service
        • Service Intervals & Specifications
        • Belt Adjustment
      • Mechanical Checks
        • Engine Compression
          • Diesel Engines
          • Gasoline Engines
        • Valve Clearance
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Supercharger
      • Ignition Systems
        • High Tension Wire Resistance
        • Spark Plugs
          • Notes
          • Spark Plug Specifications (4-Cylinder)
          • Spark Plug Specifications (V6)
          • Spark Plug Specifications (V8)
          • Spark Plug Specifications (V10)
        • Firing Order & Timing Marks
          • Notes
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (2.0L)
          • Spark Plug Wire Routing (2.0L)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (2.3L)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (3.0L Ranger)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (3.0L Escape)
          • Firing Order (3.3L)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (3.8L)
          • Spark Plug Wire Routing (3.8L)
          • Firing Order (4.0L - Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Spark Plug Wire Routing (4.0L - Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (4.0L - Ranger)
          • Spark Plug Wire Routing (4.0L - Ranger)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (4.2L - E-Series)
          • Spark Plug Wire Routing (4.2L - E-Series)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (4.2L - F-Series)
          • Spark Plug Wire Routing (4.2L - F-Series)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (4.6L & 5.4L)
          • Spark Plug Coils & Firing Order (4.6L) (Not Coil On Plug)
          • Spark Plug Coils (4.6L & 5.4L)
          • Spark Plug Coils (5.4L)
          • Firing Order (6.8L)
          • Spark Plug Coils (6.8L)
          • Firing Order (7.3L Diesel)
        • Ignition Timing
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Pump
        • Idle Mixture
        • Idle Speed
          • Villager
        • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Notes
          • TP Sensor Output (Villager)
          • TP Sensor Output (Except Villager)
    • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
      • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
        • Notes
        • 3 Cylinder Engine
        • 4 Cylinder Engine
        • 5 Cylinder Engine
        • V6 Engine
          • 3.3L (VIN T) Engines
          • 3.0L Villager Engine
          • All Other V6 Engines Except 3.3L (VIN T) & 3.0L Villager Engine
        • V8 Engine
          • 3.9L (VIN A) V8 Engines
          • 5.2L V8 Engines
          • 5.0L (Mustang Only) & 6.2L V8 Engines
          • All Other Gasoline V8 Engines Except 3.9L (VIN A), 5.0L (Mustang Only), 5.2L & 6.2L
          • Diesel V8 Engine (To 2010)
          • 6.7L Diesel V8 Engine (From 2011)
        • V10 Engine
    • Fuel System Pressure Specifications
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Pressure - Cars
        • Fuel Pressure - Trucks
  • System
    • Engine Controls - Basic Diagnostic Procedures - Except Diesel
      • Introduction
      • Preliminary Inspection & Adjustments
        • Visual Inspection
        • Mechanical Inspection
          • Compression
          • Exhaust System Backpressure
      • Fuel Systems
        • Notes
        • Preliminary Checks
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
          • Notes
          • Gasoline Engines
        • Fuel Pressure
          • Bi-Fuel & Natural Gas Vehicle Engines
          • Gasoline Engines
        • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Injector Resistance
          • Fuel Injector Check
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
      • Ignition Checks
        • Preliminary Checks
        • EDIS (DISTRIBUTORLESS) Ignition System
          • Notes
          • Spark Check
        • Ignition Coil Resistance
      • Idle Speed & Ignition Timing
        • Notes
        • Idle Mixture Adjustment
        • Ignition Timing
      • Throttle Position Sensor Adjustment
      • Summary
    • Engine Controls - Self-Diagnostics Introduction- EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Introduction
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Diagnostic Formats
        • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
          • Notes
          • KOEO & KOER Self-Tests
          • Continuous Memory Codes
        • Retrieving Codes
        • Reading Codes
          • Notes
          • KOEO & KOER On-Demand Self-Test Codes
          • Pass Codes
          • Continuous Memory Codes
        • Clearing Codes
          • Notes
          • PCM Reset Procedure
          • Keep Alive Random Access Memory Reset Procedure
        • Powertrain Control Module Location
      • Quick Test
        • Notes
        • Visual Check
        • Vehicle Preparation & Equipment Hookup
        • KOEO On-Demand Self-Test
          • Description
          • Performing Self-Test
        • KOER On-Demand Self-Test
          • Description
          • BPP, PSP & TCS Test Procedures
          • Performing Self-Test
        • Continuous Memory Self-Test
          • Description
          • Performing Self-Test
      • Additional System Functions
        • Notes
        • Parameter Identification Mode
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Accessing Generic OBD-II PIDs
          • Accessing Ford Specific PIDs
        • On-Board System Readiness Test Mode
          • Description
          • Accessing OSR Test Mode
        • Freeze Frame Data Mode
          • Description
          • Accessing Freeze Frame Data Mode PIDs
        • Diagnosing Adaptive Fuel DTCS
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Obtain Freeze Frame Data
          • Using LONGFT1 & LONGFT2 (Dual Bank Engines) PIDs
          • Resetting Long Term Fuel Trims
          • P0171/P0174 System Too Lean Diagnostic Aids
          • P0172/P0175 System Too Rich Diagnostic Aids
        • Output Test Mode
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Accessing Output Test Mode
        • Failure Mode Effects Management
        • Hardware Limited Operational Strategy
        • Engine Rpm/Vehicle Speed Limiter
      • Diagnostic Monitors
        • Description
        • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor
          • Description
          • Switch Ratio Method (1996-2002)
          • Index Ratio Method (Some 2001-Later)
          • General Catalyst Monitor Operation
        • Comprehensive Component Monitor
        • Evaporative Emission Leak Check Monitor
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION System Monitor - Differential Pressure Feedback EGR
        • Electric Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION System Monitor
        • Fuel System Monitor
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor Monitor
          • Description
          • Testing
        • Misfire Detection Monitoring
        • Secondary Air Injection System Monitor - Electric Secondary Air Injection Pump System
        • Thermostat Monitor
        • Drive Cycle Procedure
          • Notes
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Description
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Vehicle Preparation
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Procedure
      • Programming Pcm
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Flash Vehicle Identification Block Procedure
      • Fuel System Safety Precautions
        • Gasoline System
          • Notes
          • Safe Fuel Handling Practices (Gasoline, Methanol & Methanol Blends)
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Reset Procedure
        • Natural Gas System
          • Notes
          • Safe Fuel Handling Practices (Natural Gas)
      • Summary
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • How To Use System Tests
      • Evaporative Emissions Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • System Tests (Evaporative Emission)
        • Notes
        • Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Procedure
        • Evaporative Emissions System Leak Test
        • Evaporative Emission Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • Test A: DTC P0442: Small Leak Detected In EVAP System
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental & Focus
          • Crown Victoria, Escape, Escort, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Ranger
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
        • Test B: DTC P0455: Major Leak Or No Flow Detected In EVAP System Or DTC P1443: Very Small Or No Purge Flow Detected In EVAP System
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental
          • Focus
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
        • Test C: DTC P1450: Excessive Vacuum Detected In Fuel Tank
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental
          • Escort
          • Focus
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
    • Engine Controls - System & Component Tests - EEC-V - Gasoline
      • Introduction
        • Notes
        • Engine Cover
          • Removal & Installation
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Intake Air Control
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Solenoid
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Ground Circuits
          • Power Circuits
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Switches
          • Brake Pedal Applied/Brake Pedal Position Switch
          • Clutch Pedal Position Switch
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
          • Park/Neutral Position Or Clutch Pedal Position Switch
          • Power Steering Pressure Switch
          • Reverse Switch
          • Transmission Control Switch
        • Sensors
          • Notes
          • Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature Sensor
          • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor
          • Barometric Pressure Sensor
          • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Oil Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
          • Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature 2 Sensor (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC Only)
          • Knock Sensor
          • Mass Airflow Sensor
          • Output Shaft Speed Sensor
          • Power Steering Pressure Sensor
          • Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
          • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Transfer Case Speed Sensor
          • Vehicle Speed Sensor
      • Relays & Solenoids
        • Relays
          • Notes
          • Cooling Fan Control, Fuel Pump & PCM Power Relay
        • Solenoids
          • Air Injection By-Pass Solenoid
          • Air Injection Diverter Solenoid
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
          • Fuel Rail Solenoid
          • Idle Air Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control Solenoid (Ranger 2.3L Only)
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Solenoid
          • Supercharger (Boost) By-Pass Solenoid
          • Variable Cam Timing Solenoid
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Fuel Pressure Regulator
          • Fuel Pump Relay
          • Fuel System Pressure Check
        • Fuel Control
          • Fuel Injector
      • Idle Control System
        • Idle Air Control Solenoid
      • Ignition Systems
      • Emission Systems & Sub-Systems
        • Catalytic Converter
        • Emissions Compliance
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Routines
        • Fuel Evaporation
          • Notes
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • EVAP Canister (All Models)
          • EVAP Canister Purge Valve
        • Secondary Air Injection
        • EGR Systems
          • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation (Ranger 2.3L Only)
          • Exhaust Gas Recirculation
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation
      • Evaporative Emission System Tests
        • Notes
        • Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Procedure
        • Evaporative Emissions System Leak Test
        • Hissing Sound When Removing Fuel Cap
          • Notes
          • Blackwood, Econoline, Escape, Excursion, Expedition, Explorer, F250-550 Super Duty Pickup, Mountaineer, Navigator, Ranger & Windstar
          • Continental
          • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • Escort, Escort ZX2 & Focus
          • F150 Pickup
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
          • Sable & Taurus
        • Excessive Fuel Odor
          • Notes
          • Blackwood, Econoline, Escape, Expedition, Excursion, Explorer, F250-550 Super Duty Pickup, Mountaineer, Navigator, Ranger & Windstar
          • Continental, Escort, Escort ZX2, Focus, Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis, Sable, Taurus & Town Car
          • F150 Pickup
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
        • Unable To Refuel Vehicle
          • Notes
          • Continental, Crown Victoria, Escape, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • Escort, Escort ZX2, Focus, Ranger, Sable & Taurus (With ORVR Only)
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
          • Windstar
    • Engine Controls - System Tests A Through FB - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test A: No-Start
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test B: EEC-V Power Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test C: Reference Voltage
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DA: Temperature Sensor Test (IAT, ECT & EOT)
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Db: Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dc: Mass Airflow Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dd: Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DF: Vehicle Speed Circuit Check
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dg: Knock Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DH: Throttle Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DJ: Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DL: Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dm: Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DP: Vehicle Speed Sensor/Transfer Case Speed Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DQ: Barometric Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dr: Camshaft Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DS: Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DT: Power Steering Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DU: Intake Air Temperature 2
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test FB: Power Take Off
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - System Tests FD Through KA - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test FD: Brake Pedal Position Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ff: Power Steering Pressure Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test FH: Generator Load Input
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test H: Fuel Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ha: Natural Gas Fuel Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HB: Natural Gas Fuel Delivery System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HC: Gasoline Fuel Delivery System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hd: Misfire Detection Monitor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test He: EGR System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hf: Catalyst Efficiency Monitor & Exhaust Systems
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hg: PCV System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HK: Variable Cam Timing
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HM: Secondary Air Injection System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HU: Air Intake System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HX: Evaporative Emission Monitor & System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HY: Generator/Regulator System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JB: Secondary Ignition
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JD: Crankshaft Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JE: Integrated Ignition Coil Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JF: Integrated Ignition Coil On Plug Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JH: Tachometer Output Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KA: Fuel Pump Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - System Tests Kb Through Z - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test Kb: Fuel Pump Driver Module
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kc: Fuel Shutoff Valve Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KD: Electric Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KE: Idle Air Control Valve
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KF: Fan Control Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kg: VISCTRONIC Drive Fan Clutch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KH: Hydraulic Cooling Fan
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KJ: Supercharger By-Pass Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kl: Shift Indicator Light
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Km: Wot A/C Cut-Off
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KP: Charge Air Cooler Pump
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KQ: Thermostat Heater Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test NB: Malfunction Indicator Light
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test NC: Ignition Engine Speed Input Circuit
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test ND: Engine Rpm/Vehicle Speed Limiter
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QA: Unable To Activate Self-Test/SCP Communication Error/DTC Not Listed
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QB: KOEO DTC P0603, P1605 Or KOEO, KOER & Continuous Memory DTC P1633
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QC: OBD-II Monitor Testing Not Complete; DTC P1000
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QD: DTC P1260
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ta: Park/Neutral Position Or Clutch Pedal Position Switches
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Tb: Transmission Control Switch/Transmission Control Indicator Lamp
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • TEST TG: 4x4 LOW RANGE
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Th: Reverse Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test TJ: Output Shaft Speed Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test X: Constant Control Relay Module
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Z: Intermittent
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - Trouble Shooting - No Codes - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Introduction
      • Symptoms
        • Notes
        • Symptom Diagnosis
        • Rough Or Rolling Idle, Stalls, Misses, Hesitation Or Surge
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Engine Runs Rough At Idle
          • Engine Now Starts, But Stalls In Park Or Neutral
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Natural Gas Vehicles With Rough Idle
          • Idle Concerns With A/C On (Continental, LS, Thunderbird & Windstar)
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
          • Additional Checks
        • Hard Start/Long Crank Or Erratic Start/Crank
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • No-Start/Normal Crank
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Engine Will Now Start & Run Normally At Part Throttle
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Slow Return To Idle
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Fast Idle Or Diesels/Runs On
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Engine Idles Fast
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Low Idle (Stalls On Deceleration)
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Stall Or Quit On Deceleration (A/T Models)
          • Low Idle With A/C On (Econoline 4.6L, 5.4L & 6.8L)
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Backfires
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Lack/Loss Of Power
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Lack/Loss Of Power (Mustang Only)
          • Lack/Loss Of Power (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC Only)
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
          • Additional Checks
        • Spark Knock
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Poor Fuel Economy
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Vehicle Fails Emissions/Emissions Compliance
        • Hissing Sound When Removing Fuel Cap
        • Excessive Fuel Odor
        • Unable To Refuel Vehicle
        • Warning Indicator Lights
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Check
          • Pickups With Power Takeoff (PTO) & MIL Concern
          • MIL Always On When Engine Is Running, No DTCs Are Present
          • TCIL Always On When Engine Is Running, No DTCs Are Present
          • MIL Inoperative (Including Bulb Check When Engine Is First Started)
          • Transmission Control Indicator (TCIL) Inoperative
          • Temperature Warning Indicator Light Or Temperature Gauge Inoperative (Models With CHT Sensor Only)
          • SIL Always On Or Inoperative
          • Fuel Cap Indicator Light Always On Or Inoperative
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Automatic Transmission Down Or Upshift, Or Engagement Concern
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Speedometer Or Tachometer Inoperative
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Tachometer Inoperative On Models With Clean Tach Output (CTO) Only
          • Speedometer/Odometer Inoperative On Models With Manual Shift On-The-Fly (MSOF) Only
          • Additional Checks
        • High Oil Consumption
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Electric, Hydraulic Or VISCTRONIC Cooling Fan Inoperative
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Electric, Hydraulic Or VISCTRONIC Cooling Fan(S) Always On
          • Notes
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Exhaust Smoke
          • Notes
          • Black Smoke (Rich Mixture)
          • Blue Smoke (Burning Oil)
          • White Smoke (Water In Combustion)
        • Fuel Odor
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks
        • Engine Noise
          • Notes
          • Symptom Checks
        • Climate Control (Lack Of A/C Cooling, A/C Always On Or A/C Inoperative)
          • Notes
          • Lack Of A/C Cooling Or A/C Inoperative (Mustang)
          • A/C Always On (Mustang)
          • A/C Does Not Turn Off During WOT (Mustang)
          • A/C System Concerns (All Others)
          • WACF PID Displays YES
        • Exhaust Odor (Sulfur Smell)
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks
  • Testing & Diagnosis
    • Engine Controls - Basic Diagnostic Procedures - Except Diesel
      • Introduction
      • Preliminary Inspection & Adjustments
        • Visual Inspection
        • Mechanical Inspection
          • Compression
          • Exhaust System Backpressure
      • Fuel Systems
        • Notes
        • Preliminary Checks
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
          • Notes
          • Gasoline Engines
        • Fuel Pressure
          • Bi-Fuel & Natural Gas Vehicle Engines
          • Gasoline Engines
        • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Injector Resistance
          • Fuel Injector Check
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
      • Ignition Checks
        • Preliminary Checks
        • EDIS (DISTRIBUTORLESS) Ignition System
          • Notes
          • Spark Check
        • Ignition Coil Resistance
      • Idle Speed & Ignition Timing
        • Notes
        • Idle Mixture Adjustment
        • Ignition Timing
      • Throttle Position Sensor Adjustment
      • Summary
    • Engine Controls - Self-Diagnostics Introduction- EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Introduction
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Diagnostic Formats
        • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
          • Notes
          • KOEO & KOER Self-Tests
          • Continuous Memory Codes
        • Retrieving Codes
        • Reading Codes
          • Notes
          • KOEO & KOER On-Demand Self-Test Codes
          • Pass Codes
          • Continuous Memory Codes
        • Clearing Codes
          • Notes
          • PCM Reset Procedure
          • Keep Alive Random Access Memory Reset Procedure
        • Powertrain Control Module Location
      • Quick Test
        • Notes
        • Visual Check
        • Vehicle Preparation & Equipment Hookup
        • KOEO On-Demand Self-Test
          • Description
          • Performing Self-Test
        • KOER On-Demand Self-Test
          • Description
          • BPP, PSP & TCS Test Procedures
          • Performing Self-Test
        • Continuous Memory Self-Test
          • Description
          • Performing Self-Test
      • Additional System Functions
        • Notes
        • Parameter Identification Mode
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Accessing Generic OBD-II PIDs
          • Accessing Ford Specific PIDs
        • On-Board System Readiness Test Mode
          • Description
          • Accessing OSR Test Mode
        • Freeze Frame Data Mode
          • Description
          • Accessing Freeze Frame Data Mode PIDs
        • Diagnosing Adaptive Fuel DTCS
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Obtain Freeze Frame Data
          • Using LONGFT1 & LONGFT2 (Dual Bank Engines) PIDs
          • Resetting Long Term Fuel Trims
          • P0171/P0174 System Too Lean Diagnostic Aids
          • P0172/P0175 System Too Rich Diagnostic Aids
        • Output Test Mode
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Accessing Output Test Mode
        • Failure Mode Effects Management
        • Hardware Limited Operational Strategy
        • Engine Rpm/Vehicle Speed Limiter
      • Diagnostic Monitors
        • Description
        • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor
          • Description
          • Switch Ratio Method (1996-2002)
          • Index Ratio Method (Some 2001-Later)
          • General Catalyst Monitor Operation
        • Comprehensive Component Monitor
        • Evaporative Emission Leak Check Monitor
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION System Monitor - Differential Pressure Feedback EGR
        • Electric Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION System Monitor
        • Fuel System Monitor
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor Monitor
          • Description
          • Testing
        • Misfire Detection Monitoring
        • Secondary Air Injection System Monitor - Electric Secondary Air Injection Pump System
        • Thermostat Monitor
        • Drive Cycle Procedure
          • Notes
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Description
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Vehicle Preparation
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Procedure
      • Programming Pcm
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Flash Vehicle Identification Block Procedure
      • Fuel System Safety Precautions
        • Gasoline System
          • Notes
          • Safe Fuel Handling Practices (Gasoline, Methanol & Methanol Blends)
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Reset Procedure
        • Natural Gas System
          • Notes
          • Safe Fuel Handling Practices (Natural Gas)
      • Summary
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • How To Use System Tests
      • Evaporative Emissions Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • System Tests (Evaporative Emission)
        • Notes
        • Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Procedure
        • Evaporative Emissions System Leak Test
        • Evaporative Emission Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • Test A: DTC P0442: Small Leak Detected In EVAP System
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental & Focus
          • Crown Victoria, Escape, Escort, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Ranger
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
        • Test B: DTC P0455: Major Leak Or No Flow Detected In EVAP System Or DTC P1443: Very Small Or No Purge Flow Detected In EVAP System
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental
          • Focus
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
        • Test C: DTC P1450: Excessive Vacuum Detected In Fuel Tank
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental
          • Escort
          • Focus
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
    • Engine Controls - System & Component Tests - EEC-V - Gasoline
      • Introduction
        • Notes
        • Engine Cover
          • Removal & Installation
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Intake Air Control
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Solenoid
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Ground Circuits
          • Power Circuits
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Switches
          • Brake Pedal Applied/Brake Pedal Position Switch
          • Clutch Pedal Position Switch
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
          • Park/Neutral Position Or Clutch Pedal Position Switch
          • Power Steering Pressure Switch
          • Reverse Switch
          • Transmission Control Switch
        • Sensors
          • Notes
          • Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature Sensor
          • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor
          • Barometric Pressure Sensor
          • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Oil Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
          • Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature 2 Sensor (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC Only)
          • Knock Sensor
          • Mass Airflow Sensor
          • Output Shaft Speed Sensor
          • Power Steering Pressure Sensor
          • Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
          • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Transfer Case Speed Sensor
          • Vehicle Speed Sensor
      • Relays & Solenoids
        • Relays
          • Notes
          • Cooling Fan Control, Fuel Pump & PCM Power Relay
        • Solenoids
          • Air Injection By-Pass Solenoid
          • Air Injection Diverter Solenoid
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
          • Fuel Rail Solenoid
          • Idle Air Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control Solenoid (Ranger 2.3L Only)
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Solenoid
          • Supercharger (Boost) By-Pass Solenoid
          • Variable Cam Timing Solenoid
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Fuel Pressure Regulator
          • Fuel Pump Relay
          • Fuel System Pressure Check
        • Fuel Control
          • Fuel Injector
      • Idle Control System
        • Idle Air Control Solenoid
      • Ignition Systems
      • Emission Systems & Sub-Systems
        • Catalytic Converter
        • Emissions Compliance
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Routines
        • Fuel Evaporation
          • Notes
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • EVAP Canister (All Models)
          • EVAP Canister Purge Valve
        • Secondary Air Injection
        • EGR Systems
          • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation (Ranger 2.3L Only)
          • Exhaust Gas Recirculation
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation
      • Evaporative Emission System Tests
        • Notes
        • Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Procedure
        • Evaporative Emissions System Leak Test
        • Hissing Sound When Removing Fuel Cap
          • Notes
          • Blackwood, Econoline, Escape, Excursion, Expedition, Explorer, F250-550 Super Duty Pickup, Mountaineer, Navigator, Ranger & Windstar
          • Continental
          • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • Escort, Escort ZX2 & Focus
          • F150 Pickup
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
          • Sable & Taurus
        • Excessive Fuel Odor
          • Notes
          • Blackwood, Econoline, Escape, Expedition, Excursion, Explorer, F250-550 Super Duty Pickup, Mountaineer, Navigator, Ranger & Windstar
          • Continental, Escort, Escort ZX2, Focus, Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis, Sable, Taurus & Town Car
          • F150 Pickup
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
        • Unable To Refuel Vehicle
          • Notes
          • Continental, Crown Victoria, Escape, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • Escort, Escort ZX2, Focus, Ranger, Sable & Taurus (With ORVR Only)
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
          • Windstar
    • Engine Controls - System Tests A Through FB - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test A: No-Start
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test B: EEC-V Power Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test C: Reference Voltage
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DA: Temperature Sensor Test (IAT, ECT & EOT)
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Db: Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dc: Mass Airflow Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dd: Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DF: Vehicle Speed Circuit Check
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dg: Knock Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DH: Throttle Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DJ: Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DL: Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dm: Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DP: Vehicle Speed Sensor/Transfer Case Speed Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DQ: Barometric Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dr: Camshaft Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DS: Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DT: Power Steering Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DU: Intake Air Temperature 2
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test FB: Power Take Off
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - System Tests FD Through KA - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test FD: Brake Pedal Position Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ff: Power Steering Pressure Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test FH: Generator Load Input
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test H: Fuel Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ha: Natural Gas Fuel Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HB: Natural Gas Fuel Delivery System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HC: Gasoline Fuel Delivery System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hd: Misfire Detection Monitor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test He: EGR System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hf: Catalyst Efficiency Monitor & Exhaust Systems
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hg: PCV System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HK: Variable Cam Timing
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HM: Secondary Air Injection System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HU: Air Intake System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HX: Evaporative Emission Monitor & System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HY: Generator/Regulator System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JB: Secondary Ignition
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JD: Crankshaft Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JE: Integrated Ignition Coil Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JF: Integrated Ignition Coil On Plug Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JH: Tachometer Output Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KA: Fuel Pump Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - System Tests Kb Through Z - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test Kb: Fuel Pump Driver Module
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kc: Fuel Shutoff Valve Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KD: Electric Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KE: Idle Air Control Valve
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KF: Fan Control Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kg: VISCTRONIC Drive Fan Clutch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KH: Hydraulic Cooling Fan
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KJ: Supercharger By-Pass Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kl: Shift Indicator Light
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Km: Wot A/C Cut-Off
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KP: Charge Air Cooler Pump
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KQ: Thermostat Heater Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test NB: Malfunction Indicator Light
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test NC: Ignition Engine Speed Input Circuit
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test ND: Engine Rpm/Vehicle Speed Limiter
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QA: Unable To Activate Self-Test/SCP Communication Error/DTC Not Listed
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QB: KOEO DTC P0603, P1605 Or KOEO, KOER & Continuous Memory DTC P1633
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QC: OBD-II Monitor Testing Not Complete; DTC P1000
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QD: DTC P1260
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ta: Park/Neutral Position Or Clutch Pedal Position Switches
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Tb: Transmission Control Switch/Transmission Control Indicator Lamp
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • TEST TG: 4x4 LOW RANGE
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Th: Reverse Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test TJ: Output Shaft Speed Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test X: Constant Control Relay Module
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Z: Intermittent
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - Trouble Shooting - No Codes - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Introduction
      • Symptoms
        • Notes
        • Symptom Diagnosis
        • Rough Or Rolling Idle, Stalls, Misses, Hesitation Or Surge
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Engine Runs Rough At Idle
          • Engine Now Starts, But Stalls In Park Or Neutral
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Natural Gas Vehicles With Rough Idle
          • Idle Concerns With A/C On (Continental, LS, Thunderbird & Windstar)
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
          • Additional Checks
        • Hard Start/Long Crank Or Erratic Start/Crank
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • No-Start/Normal Crank
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Engine Will Now Start & Run Normally At Part Throttle
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Slow Return To Idle
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Fast Idle Or Diesels/Runs On
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Engine Idles Fast
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Low Idle (Stalls On Deceleration)
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Stall Or Quit On Deceleration (A/T Models)
          • Low Idle With A/C On (Econoline 4.6L, 5.4L & 6.8L)
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Backfires
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Lack/Loss Of Power
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Lack/Loss Of Power (Mustang Only)
          • Lack/Loss Of Power (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC Only)
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
          • Additional Checks
        • Spark Knock
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Poor Fuel Economy
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Vehicle Fails Emissions/Emissions Compliance
        • Hissing Sound When Removing Fuel Cap
        • Excessive Fuel Odor
        • Unable To Refuel Vehicle
        • Warning Indicator Lights
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Check
          • Pickups With Power Takeoff (PTO) & MIL Concern
          • MIL Always On When Engine Is Running, No DTCs Are Present
          • TCIL Always On When Engine Is Running, No DTCs Are Present
          • MIL Inoperative (Including Bulb Check When Engine Is First Started)
          • Transmission Control Indicator (TCIL) Inoperative
          • Temperature Warning Indicator Light Or Temperature Gauge Inoperative (Models With CHT Sensor Only)
          • SIL Always On Or Inoperative
          • Fuel Cap Indicator Light Always On Or Inoperative
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Automatic Transmission Down Or Upshift, Or Engagement Concern
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Speedometer Or Tachometer Inoperative
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Tachometer Inoperative On Models With Clean Tach Output (CTO) Only
          • Speedometer/Odometer Inoperative On Models With Manual Shift On-The-Fly (MSOF) Only
          • Additional Checks
        • High Oil Consumption
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Electric, Hydraulic Or VISCTRONIC Cooling Fan Inoperative
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Electric, Hydraulic Or VISCTRONIC Cooling Fan(S) Always On
          • Notes
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Exhaust Smoke
          • Notes
          • Black Smoke (Rich Mixture)
          • Blue Smoke (Burning Oil)
          • White Smoke (Water In Combustion)
        • Fuel Odor
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks
        • Engine Noise
          • Notes
          • Symptom Checks
        • Climate Control (Lack Of A/C Cooling, A/C Always On Or A/C Inoperative)
          • Notes
          • Lack Of A/C Cooling Or A/C Inoperative (Mustang)
          • A/C Always On (Mustang)
          • A/C Does Not Turn Off During WOT (Mustang)
          • A/C System Concerns (All Others)
          • WACF PID Displays YES
        • Exhaust Odor (Sulfur Smell)
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks
  • Theory and Operation
    • Engine Controls - Theory & Operation - Gasoline & NGV
      • Introduction
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Idle Control System
          • Idle Air Control Valve Assembly
        • Supercharger (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC)
          • Supercharger Assembly
          • Supercharger By-Pass System
          • Supercharger Intercooler (Charge Air Cooler) System
        • Variable Induction System
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control - 2.0L (VIN P), 2.5L (VIN L), Windstar 3.8L (VIN 4), & 4.2L (VIN 2)
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control Vacuum Actuated System - 2.3L (VIN D)
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve - 3.0L (VIN S), Econoline & Pickup 4.6L (VIN W), & 5.4L 4V (VIN A)
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Notes
          • Hardware Limited Operation Strategy
          • Integrated Electronic Ignition System
          • Keep Alive Random Access Memory
        • Power & Ground Signals
          • Vehicle Buffered Power
          • Vehicle Power
          • Vehicle Reference Voltage
          • Mass Air Flow Return
          • Signal Return
          • Power Ground
          • Gold Plated Terminals
        • Powertrain Control Module Software
          • Engine RPM/Vehicle Speed Limiter
          • Fail-Safe Cooling Strategy
          • Failure Mode Effects Management
          • Flash Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
          • Fuel Trim
          • Idle Air Trim
          • Idle Speed Control Closed Throttle Determination
          • Multiplexing
          • Standard Corporate Protocol
        • Diagnostic Monitors
          • Notes
          • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor Description
          • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor - Switch Ratio Method (1996-2002)
          • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor - Index Ratio Method (Some 2001-Later)
          • General Catalyst Monitor Operation
          • Comprehensive Component Monitor
          • Evaporative Emission Leak Check Monitor
          • Exhaust Gas Recirculation System Monitor - Differential Pressure Feedback EGR
          • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation System Monitor
          • Fuel System Monitor
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor Monitor
          • Misfire Detection Monitoring
          • Secondary Air Injection System Monitor - Electric Secondary Air Injection Pump System
          • Thermostat Monitor
        • Constant Control Relay Module
        • Fuel Pump Driver Module
        • Generic Electronic Module
        • Natural Gas Vehicle Module
        • Input Devices
          • Notes
          • A/C Cycling Switch
          • A/C Pressure Sensor
          • Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature Sensor
          • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor
          • A/C High Pressure Switch
          • Brake Pressure Applied/Brake Deactivator Switch
          • Brake Pedal Position Switch
          • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Clutch Pedal Position Switch
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
          • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Oil Temperature Sensor
          • Fan Speed Sensor
          • Fuel Level Input
          • Fuel Pump Monitor (With Fuel Pump Driver Module)
          • Fuel Pump Monitor (Without Fuel Pump Driver Module)
          • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor
          • Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
          • Generator Load
          • Generator Monitor
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature Sensor
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve
          • Knock Sensor
          • Mass Airflow Sensor
          • Output Shaft Speed Sensor
          • Power Steering Pressure Sensor
          • Power Steering Pressure Switch
          • Power Take-Off Switch
          • Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
          • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Transmission Control Switch
          • Vehicle Speed Sensor
          • 4x4 Mode Switch
        • Output Devices
          • Notes
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • Coil Pack
          • Coil On Plug
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
          • Electric Secondary Air Injection Pump
          • Evaporative Emission Canister Purge Valve
          • Fan Control
          • Fuel Cap Off Indicator Light
          • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Pump (Applications Using Fuel Pump Relay For Fuel Pump ON/OFF Control)
          • Fuel Pump Driver Module Applications & Applications With Fuel Pump Functions Incorporated In Rear Electronic Module)
          • Generator Communication
          • Hydraulic Cooling Fan Drive (LS & Thunderbird Only)
          • Idle Air Control Valve
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve
          • Malfunction Indicator Light
          • Secondary Air Injection By-Pass Solenoid
          • Solid State Relay
          • Thermostat Heater Control
          • Transmission Control Indicator Light
          • Wide Open Throttle A/C Cut-Off Relay
          • Vapor Management Valve
          • Vehicle Speed Output
          • Visctronic Drive Fan Clutch
      • Fuel Systems (Gasoline)
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Notes
          • Returnable Fuel System
          • Mechanical Returnless Fuel System
          • Electronic Returnless Fuel System
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch (All Fuel Systems)
        • Fuel Control
          • Notes
          • Fuel Injectors
      • Fuel System (Natural Gas)
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Notes
          • Fueling Connector
          • Fuel Lines & Fittings
          • Fuel Rail
          • Fuel Rail Shutoff Valve
          • Fuel Tank Shutoff Valve
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
          • NG Fuel Pressure Regulator
        • Fuel Control
          • Natural Gas Vehicle Module
          • NG Fuel Injectors
      • Ignition Systems
        • Integrated Electronic Ignition System
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Coil Pack System
          • Coil On Plug System
      • Variable Cam Timing System
        • Variable Cam Timing
          • Description
          • Variable Cam Timing Solenoid Valve
          • Variable Cam Timing Unit Assembly
      • Catalyst & Exhaust Systems
        • Catalyst System
          • Notes
          • Catalytic Converter
          • Light Off Catalyst
          • 3-Way Catalytic Converter
          • 3-Way Catalyst Conversion Efficiency
        • Exhaust System
          • Notes
          • Hardware
          • Exhaust Manifold & Runners
          • Exhaust Pipes
          • Upstream & Downstream Heated Oxygen Sensors
          • Muffler
      • Evaporative Emission Systems
        • Fuel Evaporative Systems
        • Enhanced Evaporative Emission System
          • Notes
          • EVAP Canister Purge Valve
        • On-Board Refueling Vapor Recovery EVAP System
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation
      • Secondary Air Injection System
        • Description
        • Electric Secondary Air Injection System
          • Notes
          • AIR By-Pass Solenoid
          • AIR Diverter Valve
          • Electric AIR Pump
      • EGR Systems
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR System
          • Notes
          • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor (Remote Mounted)
          • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor (Tube Mounted)
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
          • EGR Valve
          • Orifice Tube Assembly
        • Electric EGR Motor System
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Notes
        • Malfunction Indicator Light
      • Miscellaneous Controls
        • Pcm Controlled Charging System
          • Description
          • Generator Communication
          • Generator Load
          • Generator Monitor
  • Tune-Up
    • Engine Ignition-3.0L (4V)
      • Specification
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine Ignition
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine Ignition
      • Removal And Installation
        • Ignition Coil-On-Plug -LH
          • Removal and Installation
        • Ignition Coil-On-Plug -RH
          • Removal and Installation
        • Spark Plug
          • Removal
  • Vacuum Diagrams - Trucks
    • Introduction
      • Notes
      • Pcm Calibrations
      • Protocol 3 Code Descriptions
    • Vacuum Hose Diagram(S)
      • BLACKWOOD, Expedition, F150 Pickup & Navigator
      • ECONOLINE
      • Escape
      • Excursion & F250-550 Super Duty Pickup
      • Explorer & Mountaineer
      • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC
      • Ranger
      • Villager
      • WINDSTAR
  • Engine Performance - Wiring Diagrams
    • Wiring Diagrams
      • BLACKWOOD
      • Continental
      • Cougar
      • Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis
      • ECONOLINE
      • Escape
      • Escort
      • Escort ZX2
      • Excursion & Pickup (F250/F550)
      • Expedition & Navigator
      • Explorer & Mountaineer
      • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC
      • Focus
      • LS
      • Mustang
      • Pickup (F150)
      • Ranger
      • Sable & TAURUS
      • THUNDERBIRD
      • Town Car
      • Villager
      • WINDSTAR
• General Information
  • Abbreviations
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
  • Basic Trouble Shooting
    • Basic Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Accessories & Electrical
        • Charging System Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
      • Air Conditioning & Heat
        • Air Conditioning Trouble Shooting
        • Heater System Trouble Shooting
      • Brakes
        • Brake System Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Mechanical
        • Cooling System Trouble Shooting
        • Gasoline Engine - Mechanical Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Performance
        • Carburetor Trouble Shooting:
        • Diesel Engine Trouble Shooting
        • Fuel Injection Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
        • Tune-Up Trouble Shooting - Gas Engine Vehicles
        • Vacuum Pump - Diesel Trouble Shooting
      • Manual Transmission
        • Manual Transmission Trouble Shooting
      • Powertrain
        • Clutch Trouble Shooting
        • Drive Axle - Noise Diagnosis
          • Unrelated Noises
          • Non-Drive Axle Noises
          • Gear Noise
          • Chuckle
          • Knock
          • Clunk
          • Bearing Whine
          • Bearing Rumble
          • Chatter On Turns
          • Axle Shaft Noise
          • Vibration
        • Drive Axle - RWD Trouble Shooting
        • Fwd Axle Shafts & CV Joints Trouble Shooting
      • Steering & Suspension
        • Manual Steering Gear Trouble Shooting
        • Power Steering Trouble Shooting
        • Steering Column Trouble Shooting
        • Suspension Trouble Shooting
        • Wheel Alignment Trouble Shooting
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Engine Performance - Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Engine Performance
  • Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions
    • Map - Brake Systems
      • Brake Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accelerometers
        • Accumulators
        • Anchor Pins
        • Anti-Lock Brake Control Assembly(Module)
        • Anti-Lock Brake Controller
        • Anti-Lock Brake Systems
        • Axle Seal
        • Backing Plates
        • Bleeder Screw
        • Brake Abs Active Light (Blue)
        • Brake Fluid
        • Brake Friction Material
        • Brake On - Off Switch
        • Brake Pads
        • Brake Pedals
        • Brake Shoe Hardware
        • Brake Shoes
        • Brake Stoplight Switches
        • Brake Warning Light (Amber)
        • Brake Warning Light (Red)
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs And LEDS
        • Caliper Hardware
        • Caliper Mounting Pin
        • Caliper Piston
        • Caliper Shim
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt) Dust Boot
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt)
        • Calipers
        • Combination Valve
        • Controllers
        • Digital Ratio Axle Controllers And Buffers (Drab And Dram)
        • Disable Switches
        • Drums
        • Electrical Brake Pumps
        • Electrical Park Motor
        • Electrical Pumps And Motors
        • Electro-Magnetic Interference
        • Electronic Brake Control Modulator
        • Electronic Brake Distribution
        • Electronic Brake Traction Control Module
        • Electronic Controllers
        • Electronic Traction Control
        • External Brake Cable
        • Flow Control Valve
        • Fluid Level Sensor Switches
        • Fluid
        • Four Wheel Drive Switches
        • Friction Material
        • G Sensors
        • Gaskets
        • Gravitational Switches
        • Grease Seal
        • Height Sensing Proportioning Valve
        • High Pressure Accumulator
        • Hoses
        • Hub
        • Hydraulic Control Unit
        • Hydraulic Modulators
        • Hydro-Boosters
        • Hydro-Electric Boosters (POWERMASTER)
        • Ignition Disable Switches
        • Lamp Driver Relay
        • Lateral Acceleration Switches
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Low Pressure Accumulator
        • Lug Nut
        • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
        • Master Cylinders
        • Modulators
        • Motor Pack
        • Motors
        • Pads
        • Parking Brake Cable
        • Parking Brake Mechanism
        • Parking Brake Shoes
        • Parking Brake Switches
        • Parking Brake Systems
        • Pedal Travel Switches
        • Pedals
        • Power Distribution Center
        • POWERMASTER
        • Pressure Differential Switches
        • Pressure Switches
        • Pressure Transducers
        • Proportioning Valve
        • Pumps
        • Relays
        • RELUCTOR (Speed) Ring
        • Rotors
        • Self-Adjusting Systems
        • Shoe Hardware
        • Shoes
        • Sockets
        • Speed Sensor (RELUCTOR) Ring
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Star Wheel
        • Steel Brake Lines
        • Stoplight Switches
        • Stroke Sensor
        • Switches
        • Tires
        • Tone Ring
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Traction Control System (TCS)
        • Transfer Tubes
        • Vacuum Boosters
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Valves
        • Wear Indicator
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheel Cylinders
        • Wiring Harnesses
        • Yaw Rate Sensor
      • Brake System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Map - Routine Inspection Reference Guide
      • Routine Inspection Reference Guide
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Maintenance Overview
          • Antifreeze/Coolant
          • Visual Inspection
          • Radiator Cap Test
          • Engine Fan
          • Cooling System Power Flush And Refill
          • Belts (Except Timing Belts)
          • Belt TENSIONER
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid Exchange & Filter Replacement
          • Engine Oil
          • Air Filters
          • Cabin Air Filter
          • Brake Fluid
          • Battery
          • Battery Cables
          • Power Steering
          • Power Steering Fluid
          • Wiper Blades
        • Routine Inspection CHECKSHEET
        • Routine Inspection - UICS
          • Brake Systems
            • Notes
            • Brake Fluid
            • Bulbs And LEDS
            • Hoses
            • Lenses
            • Lug Nut
            • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
            • Parking Brake Cable
            • Vacuum Hoses
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
          • Drivetrain And Transmission
            • Notes
            • Automatic Transmission Fluid
            • Clutch Master Cylinders
            • Cooler Lines
            • Coolers
            • Differential Fluid
            • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Filters And Screens
            • Fluids And Lubricants
            • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
            • Hydraulic Fluid
            • Lubricants
            • Manual Transmission Fluid
            • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
            • Transfer Case Fluid
            • Vacuum Hoses
          • Electrical Systems
            • Batteries
            • Battery Cables
            • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
            • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
            • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
            • Ground Cables And Straps
            • Ground Straps
            • Lenses
            • Sealed Beams
            • Washer Pumps
            • Wiper Arms And Blades
            • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
            • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
          • Engine Performance And Maintenance
            • Notes
            • Accessory Belts
            • Air Filter Elements
            • Air Filter Gaskets
            • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
            • Air Pump Belts
            • Batteries
            • Battery Connectors
            • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
            • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
            • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
            • Coolant Recovery Tanks
            • Coolant
            • Distributor Caps
            • Distributor Rotors
            • Engine Cooling Systems
            • Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
            • Engine Oil
            • Fuel Filters
            • Fuel Injector Cleaning
            • Fuel Injectors
            • Fuel System Cleaning Service
            • Hose Clamps
            • Hose Connectors
            • Hose Couplers
            • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
            • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
            • Intake Cleaning
            • O2 Sensors
            • PCV Breather Elements
            • PCV Valves
            • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
            • Spark Plugs
            • Thermostats And Housings
            • Throttle Body Cleaning
            • Timing Belts
            • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
          • Exhaust Systems
            • Notes
            • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
          • Heating, Ventilation And Air Conditioning Systems
            • Notes
            • Belts
            • Cabin Air Filters
            • Coolant
            • Evaporator Drain Tubes
            • Evaporator Filters
            • In-Line Filters
            • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
          • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
            • Notes
            • Hydraulic Hoses
            • Power Steering Belts
            • Power Steering Fluid
            • Power Steering Hoses
            • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
            • Strut Rods
            • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
            • Tire Pressure Sensors
            • Tires
            • Valve Stems
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
      • Wheel & Tire Supplement
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
        • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
        • Wheel & Tire - UICS
          • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
          • Tire Pressure Sensors
          • Tires
          • Wheel Alignment
          • Wheel Attachment Hardware
          • Wheels (Rims)
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Check Lists
    • Symptom Check List Worksheet - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose
        • Notes
        • Why Use the Symptom Check List Worksheets?
        • Making the Worksheets a Part of Your Normal Routine
      • Symptom Check List Worksheets
        • Condensed Version - All On One Page
        • Full Version - All On Four Pages
        • Individual System-Based Check Lists
  • Computer Relearn Procedures
    • Introduction
      • Body Controls
      • Engine Controls
    • CHRYSLER Corp.
      • A/C Calibration (Caravan, Town & Country, & Voyager)
        • Description
        • Procedure
      • A/C Calibration (CONCORDE, Intrepid & 300M)
      • Body Control Module (CONCORDE, Intrepid, SEBRING Convertible, SEBRING Sedan, Stratus Sedan & 300M)
      • Drive Learn Procedure (DAKOTA - 4.7L, DURANGO - 4.7L & Ram Pickup 1500 - 4.7L)
        • Notes
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1st Neutral To Drive Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Drive Garage Shift
        • Procedure To Learn The 1st 2-3 Shift After A Restart Or Shift To Reverse
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 2-3 & 3-4 Upshift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-3 Coastdown & Part Throttle 4-3 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1-2 Upshift & 3-2 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Manual 2-1 Pulldown Shift As Well As A Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-5 Upshift for 545RFE
      • Engine Control Module Programming (Diesel)
      • Immobilizer System (SEBRING Coupe & Stratus Coupe)
        • Notes
        • Encrypted Code Registration
        • Key ID Registration
      • Instrument Cluster (Ram Van & Ram Wagon)
      • Pinion Factor Procedure
        • Except Concorde, Durango - With NGC, Intrepid & 300M
        • Concorde, Durango - With NGC, Intrepid & 300M
      • Power Liftgate Learn Cycle (Caravan & Town & Country)
        • Description
        • Procedure
      • Power Sliding Door Learn Cycle (Caravan & Town & Country)
        • Description
        • Procedure
      • Powertrain Control Module Programming (Except Ram Pickup 2500 & 3500 - Gasoline, Ram Van & Ram Wagon)
      • Powertrain Control Module Programming (Ram Pickup 2500 & 3500 - Gasoline, Ram Van & Ram Wagon)
      • Sentry Key Immobilizer Module Programming
      • Programming Ignition Keys To Sentry Key Immobilizer Module
        • Using Scan Tool
        • Programming Ignition Keys Using Customer Learn Method
      • Torque Converter Clutch Break-In Procedure (CONCORDE, Intrepid & 300M)
        • Description
        • Break-In Procedure
      • Transmission Shift Quality Quick Learn Procedure (DAKOTA - 4.7L, DURANGO - 4.7L & Ram Pickup 1500 - 4.7L)
      • Transaxle Shift Quality Quick Learn Procedure
      • Vehicle DRIVEABILITY Computer Relearn Procedure
    • Ford Motor Co.
      • Notes
      • Control Module Programming
        • Notes
        • Programmable Module Installation Procedure
        • Steering Column Lock Actuator Module Parameter Reset (LS - Manual Transmission Only)
      • Customer Preferences
      • Instrument Cluster Programming
        • Notes
        • Instrument Cluster Programming Procedure "A"
        • Instrument Cluster Programming Procedure "B"
        • Security Access Procedure
      • Power Sliding Door Initialization (WINDSTAR Only)
      • Programming Powertrain Control Module (All Models)
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Flash Vehicle Identification (VID) Block Procedure
      • Rear Ride Height Initializing Procedure (BLACKWOOD Only)
        • Calibration Procedure
    • General Motors (Cars)
      • Notes
      • Crankshaft Position Sensor System Variation Learn Procedure
        • Alero, Aurora - 4.0L, Bonneville, Cavalier - 2.2L, Century, Corvette, Deville, Eldorado, Grand Am, Grand Prix, Impala, LeSabre, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Park Avenue, Regal, Seville & Sunfire - 2.2L
        • Camaro & Firebird - 3.8L
        • Camaro & Firebird - 5.7L
        • Cavalier & Sunfire - 2.4L
        • Intrigue - 3.5L
        • Saturn - 1.9L
        • Saturn - 2.2L
      • Engine Control Module
        • Saturn - 3.0L
      • Idle Air Control Valve Learn Procedure
        • Deville, Eldorado & Seville
      • Powertrain Control Module
        • Alero - 2.2L, Cavalier, Grand Am - 2.2L, Saturn - 1.9L & Sunfire
        • Remote Programming (Alero - 3.4L, Aurora, Bonneville, Camaro, Century, Deville, Eldorado, Firebird, Grand Am, Grand Prix, Impala, Intrigue, LeSabre, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Park Avenue, Regal & Seville)
        • Off-Board Programming (Alero - 3.4L, Aurora, Bonneville, Camaro, Century, Deville, Eldorado, Firebird, Grand Am, Grand Prix, Impala, Intrigue, LeSabre, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Park Avenue, Regal & Seville)
        • Remote Programming (Corvette)
        • Off-Board Programming (Corvette)
      • Theft Deterrent System Components
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Alero, Cavalier, Century, Corvette, Grand Am, Impala, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Regal & Sunfire)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Alero, Cavalier, Century, Corvette, Grand Am, Impala, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Regal & Sunfire)
        • Set Up A New Theft Deterrent Control Module (Aurora, Bonneville, Deville, Eldorado, Intrigue, LeSabre, Park Avenue & Seville)
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Aurora, Bonneville, Deville, Eldorado, Intrigue, LeSabre, Park Avenue & Seville)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Aurora, Bonneville, Deville, Eldorado, Intrigue, LeSabre, Park Avenue & Seville)
        • Passlock™ Anti-Theft Seed & Key Method (Saturn - 1.9L)
        • Passlock™ Anti-Theft Auto Learn Method (Saturn - 1.9L)
        • Auto Learn Method (Saturn - 2.2L & 3.0L)
        • Saturn Service Stall Method (Saturn - 2.2L & 3.0L)
      • Throttle Body Relearn Procedure
        • Saturn - 3.0L
      • Throttle Position Sensor Learn Procedure
        • Deville, Eldorado & Seville
    • General Motors (Trucks & Vans)
      • Notes
      • Crankshaft Position Sensor System Variation Learn Procedure
        • Avalanche, Astro, Aztek, Blazer, Bravada, Cab & Chassis - 8.1L, Chevy Express - 4.3L, 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, Montana, Rendezvous, RV Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, S10 Pickup, Safari, Savana - 4.3L, 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Camper Special -5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Sierra - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Silhouette, Silverado - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Sonoma, Suburban, Tahoe, Trailblazer, Venture, Yukon & Yukon XL
        • Vue - 2.2L
      • Engine Control Module Programming
        • Remote Programming (Sierra & Silverado - 6.6L)
        • Off-Board Programming (Sierra & Silverado - 6.6L)
        • Vue - 2.2L
        • Vue - 3.0L
      • Fuel Injection Pump Top Dead Center Offset Adjustment
        • Learning A TDC Offset (Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L)
      • Glow Plug System Relearn Procedure
        • Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L
      • Powertrain Control Module
        • Remote Programming (Avalanche, Astro, Aztek, Blazer, Bravada, Cab & Chassis - 8.1L, Chevy Express - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, Montana, Rendezvous, RV Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, S10 Pickup - 4.3L, Safari, Savana - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Camper Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Sierra - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Silhouette, Silverado - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Sonoma - 4.3L, Suburban, Tahoe, Trailblazer, Venture, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • Off-Board Programming (Avalanche, Astro, Aztek, Blazer, Bravada, Cab & Chassis - 8.1L, Chevy Express - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, Montana, Rendezvous, RV Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, S10 Pickup - 4.3L, Safari, Savana - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Camper Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Sierra - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Silhouette, Silverado - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Sonoma - 4.3L, Suburban, Tahoe, Trailblazer, Venture, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • PCM Programming (Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L)
        • Programming TDC Offset (Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L)
        • PCM Programming (S10 Pickup - 2.2L, Sonoma - 2.2L & Tracker)
      • Theft Deterrent System Components
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Avalanche, Astro, Blazer, Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, RV Cutaway, S10 Pickup, Safari, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special, Sierra, Silverado, Sonoma, Suburban, Tahoe, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Avalanche, Astro, Blazer, Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, RV Cutaway, S10 Pickup, Safari, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special, Sierra, Silverado, Sonoma, Suburban, Tahoe, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • Set Up a New Theft Deterrent Control Module (Aztek, Montana, Rendezvous, Silhouette & Venture)
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Aztek, Montana, Rendezvous, Silhouette & Venture)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Aztek, Montana, Rendezvous, Silhouette & Venture)
        • 10 Minute Learn Procedure With Standard Key (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • 30 Minute Learn Procedure With Standard Key (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • Procedure To Set Up New Theft Deterrent Control Module With Transponder Key (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • 10 Minute Re-Learn Procedure (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • Auto Learn Method (Vue)
        • Saturn Service Stall Method (Vue)
      • Throttle Body Relearn Procedure
        • Vue - 3.0L
    • Jeep
      • Drive Learn Procedure (Grand CHEROKEE & Liberty)
        • Notes
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1st Neutral To Drive Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Drive Garage Shift
        • Procedure To Learn The 1st 2-3 Shift After A Restart Or Shift To Reverse
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 2-3 & 3-4 Upshift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-3 Coastdown & Part Throttle 4-3 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1-2 Upshift & 3-2 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Manual 2-1 Pulldown Shift As Well As A Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-5 Upshift for 545RFE
      • Powertrain Control Module Programming
        • Notes
        • Updating Secret Key Data
      • Sentry Key Immobilizer Module Programming
      • Programming Ignition Keys To Sentry Key Immobilizer Module
        • Using Scan Tool
        • Using Customer Learn Method
      • Shift Quality Quick-Learn Procedure (Grand CHEROKEE & Liberty)
        • Overview
        • Quick-Learn Procedure
  • Driveline/Axles
    • Drive Axle Noise Diagnosis - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Unrelated Noises
      • Non-Drive Axle Noises
      • Gear Noise
      • Chuckle
      • Knock
      • Clunk
      • Bearing Whine
      • Bearing Rumble
      • Chatter On Turns
      • Axle Shaft Noise
      • Vibration
    • Gear Tooth Contact Patterns - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Inspection
        • Notes
        • Gear Tooth Contact Pattern
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Gear Backlash & Pinion Shim Changes
    • Map - Drive Train & Transmission
      • Drive Train & Transmission Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Drivetrain And Transmission
        • Notes
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Automatic Transmission / Transaxle Assemblies/CVTS
        • Automatic Transmission Fluid
        • Axles
        • Bearings And Races
        • Bell Cranks
        • Bell Housings
        • Bushings (External)
        • Cables (Speedometer)
        • Cables (TV, Detent And Shift)
        • Carrier Bearings
        • Clutch Cables And Cable Housings
        • Clutch Discs (Manual Transmissions)
        • Clutch Forks
        • Clutch Linkages (Mechanical)
        • Clutch Master Cylinders
        • Clutch Pedals
        • Clutch Pivots
        • Clutch Pressure Plates
        • Clutch Release Bearings
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Concentric)
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Conventional Or External)
        • Companion Flanges
        • Connectors
        • Cooler Bypass Valves
        • Cooler Lines
        • Coolers
        • CV Joints
        • Differential And Final Drive Assemblies
        • Differential Fluid
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks (Fluid Level Indicators)
        • Dowel Pins, Guides And Pilot Holes
        • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Drive Shaft Flanges
        • Drive Shafts And Half Shafts
        • Dust Boots
        • Engine Mounts
        • Exciter Rings
        • Filler Tubes
        • Filters And Screens
        • Flanges
        • Flex Plates
        • Fluid Level Indicators
        • Fluids And Lubricants
        • Flywheels
        • Force Motors
        • Gaskets
        • Guides
        • Half Shafts
        • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
        • Housings (Bell, Case, Tail(Extension) And Auxiliary)
        • Hydraulic Fluid
        • Intermediate Shaft Support Bearings
        • Key Interlock Systems
        • Limited Slips
        • Lines
        • Linkages (External)
        • Locking Hub Assemblies
        • Locking Hub Control Knobs
        • Lubricants
        • Manual Transmission Fluid
        • Manual Transmission/Transaxle Assemblies
        • Metal Clad Seals
        • METALASTIC Joints
        • Modulator Pins
        • Modulators
        • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
        • Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Oil Pans
        • Pans
        • Pilot Holes
        • Pressure Plates
        • Pressure Switches
        • Races
        • Rubber Joints (METALASTIC)
        • Screens
        • Seals (Metal Clad)
        • Seals
        • Selector Interlock Systems
        • Sensors
        • Servos
        • Shift Interlock Systems (Selector And Key Interlock Systems)
        • Side Covers
        • Slip Yokes
        • Solenoids
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Speedometer- Driven Gear Housing
        • Speedometer/Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Speedometer/Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Speedometers/Odometers (Electronic)
        • Switches
        • Tone Wheels
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Torque Converters
        • Transaxle Mounts
        • Transducers (Transmission)
        • Transfer Case Assemblies
        • Transfer Case Fluid
        • Transmission Coolers
        • Transmission Mounts
        • Transmission Pans
        • Transmission Range Indicators (PRNDL)
        • Tubes
        • Universal Joints (CARDAN Or Cross Type)
        • Vacuum Controls
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Vacuum Motors
        • Vacuum-Operated Switches
        • Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Vents
        • Vibration Dampers
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Speed Sensors
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
        • Yokes And Slip Yokes
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Trouble Shooting - Clutches - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • All Models
  • DTC Index
    • Air Bag Restraint Systems DTCS
    • Anti-Lock Brakes DTCS
    • Anti-Theft Systems DTCS
      • Passive Anti-Theft System
      • Perimeter Anti-Theft System
    • Automatic Transmission DTCS
    • Electric Cooling Fans DTCS
    • Evaporative Emissions DTCS
    • Generators & Regulators DTCS
    • Exterior Lighting DTCS
    • Instrument Panels DTCS
      • Instrument Panels
        • Instrument Cluster DTCS
        • Generic Electronic Module (Gem) DTCS
        • Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) DTCS
      • Instrument Cluster & Panel Illumination
    • Interior Lighting DTCS
    • Power Door Locks & Remote Keyless Entry DTCS
    • Power Windows DTCS
    • Self-Diagnostics DTCS
    • Warning Devices DTCS
    • Wiper/Washer Systems DTCS
  • Electrical
    • Map - Electrical Systems
      • Electrical Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Actuator Motors (Electric)
        • Actuator Motors (Vacuum)
        • Air Bags
        • Alternators And Generators
        • Amplifiers
        • Antennas
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Cables
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belts
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
        • Cd Players
        • Cigarette Lighter Assemblies
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Clutch Switches
        • Connectors
        • Control Modules
        • Cruise Control Brake Switches
        • Cruise Control Cables
        • Cruise Control Clutch Switches
        • Cruise Control Linkages And Cables
        • Cruise Control Reservoirs
        • Cruise Control Tubes
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Dump Release Valves
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And
        • Cruise Control Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Defoggers
        • Defrosters
        • Delays
        • Dimmers
        • Electric Heaters
        • Equalizers
        • Fuse Blocks
        • Fuse Boxes And Blocks
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gauges
        • Generators
        • Ground Cables And Straps
        • Ground Straps
        • Headlight Adjusters
        • Heating Elements (Defrosters, Defoggers, Electric Heaters And Seats)
        • Horns And Sirens
        • Ignition Switches
        • Indicator Lights
        • Keyless Entry Keypads And Transmitters
        • Keyless Entry Transmitters
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Microphones
        • Mirrors (ELECTROCHROMATIC And Heated)
        • Motors
        • Neutral Safety Switches
        • Odometers, Speedometers And Tachometers (Cable Driven)
        • Odometers
        • Power Distribution Center
        • Pulleys
        • Receivers, Amplifiers, Equalizers And Sub-Woofer Volume Controls
        • Relay Boxes
        • Relays
        • Sealed Beams
        • Seat Heaters
        • Security Alarm Sensors
        • Sirens
        • Solenoids
        • Speakers And Microphones
        • Speedometer And Tachometer Linkages And Cables
        • Speedometer Cables
        • Speedometers
        • Starters
        • Sub-Woofer Volume Control
        • Switches
        • Tachometer Cables
        • Tachometers
        • Tape Players And Cd Players
        • TENSIONERS
        • Timers
        • Transceivers
        • Transducers
        • Vacuum Accumulators (Reservoirs)
        • Voltage Regulators
        • Washer Fluid Level Senders
        • Washer Pumps
        • Wiper Arms And Blades
        • Wiper Blades
        • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
        • Wiper Linkages
        • Wiper Nozzles
        • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Battery, Starting & Charging System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
  • Engine
    • Engine Overhaul Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Engine Identification
      • Inspection Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Magnetic Particle Inspection
          • Notes
          • Magnaflux & Magnaglo
        • Penetrant Inspection
          • Notes
          • Zyglo
          • Dye Check
        • Ultrasonic Inspection
        • X-Ray Inspection
        • Pressure Testing
      • Cleaning Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Bead Blasting
        • Chemical Cleaning
      • Component Cleaning
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Sheet Metal Parts
        • Intake & Exhaust Manifolds
      • Cylinder Head Replacement
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Installation
        • Valve Adjustment
      • Cylinder Head Overhaul
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cylinder Head Disassembly
        • Cylinder Head Cleaning & Inspection
        • Valve Springs
        • Valve Guide
          • Notes
          • Measuring Valve Guide Clearance
          • Reaming Valve Guide
          • Replacing Valve Guide
        • Valves & Valve Seats
          • Notes
          • Valve Grinding
          • Valve Lapping
          • Valve Seat Grinding
          • Valve Seat Replacement
          • Valve Seat Concentricity
        • Cylinder Head Reassembly
          • Notes
          • Valve Stem Installed Height
        • Valve Stem Oil Seals
          • Notes
          • Replacement (On-Vehicle)
        • Valve Spring Installed Height
        • Rocker Arms & Assemblies
          • Notes
          • Rocker Studs
          • Rocker Arms & Shafts
        • Push Rods
        • Lifters
          • Notes
          • Hydraulic Lifters
          • Mechanical Lifters
      • Pistons, Connecting Rods & Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Ridge Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Cleaning
          • Inspection
        • Piston & Cylinder Bore Fit
        • Assembling Piston & Connecting Rod
        • Checking Piston Ring Clearances
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Installation
        • Connecting Rod Side Clearance
        • Main & Connecting Rod Bearing Clearance
          • Notes
          • Plastigage Method
          • Micrometer & Telescopic Gauge Method
      • Crankshaft & Main Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Installation
        • Crankshaft End Play
          • Notes
          • Dial Indicator Method
          • Feeler Gauge Method
        • Cylinder Block
          • Notes
          • Block Cleaning
          • Block Inspection
          • Cylinder Bore Inspection
          • Cylinder Honing
          • Deck Warpage
          • Deck Height
          • Main Bearing Bore & Alignment
          • Expansion Plug Removal
          • Expansion Plug Installation
          • Oil Gallery Plug Removal
          • Oil Gallery Plug Installation
      • Camshaft
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Camshaft Bearings
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Camshaft Installation
        • Camshaft End Play
      • Timing Chains & Belts
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Chains
        • Timing Belts
        • Tension Adjustment
      • Timing Gears
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Gear Backlash & RUNOUT
        • Rear Main Oil Seal Installation
          • Notes
          • One-Piece Type Seal
          • Rope Type Seal
          • Split-Rubber Type Seal
      • Oil Pump
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Rotor Type
        • Gear Type
      • Break-In Procedure
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Engine Pre-Oiling
        • Initial Start-Up
        • Camshaft
        • Piston Rings
        • Final Adjustments
    • General Cooling System Service - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Maintenance
        • Draining
        • Flushing
          • Notes
          • Radiator
          • Engine Block
        • Refilling
      • Testing
        • Thermostat
        • Pressure Testing
          • Notes
          • Radiator Cap
          • Cooling System
  • Engine Performance
    • Electrostatic Discharge Warning - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Introduction
      • Handling Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
      • Checking Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
    • Engine Performance Diagnostic Routine Outline - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Where Does DRIVEABILITY Diagnosis Start?
        • Perform Basic Inspection
        • Check For Trouble Codes
        • Diagnose Symptom
        • Test System
    • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
      • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
    • Map - Engine Performance & Maintenance
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance (Including Exhaust Systems)
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Engine Performance & Maintenance CHECKSHEET
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance
        • Notes
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor
        • Accessory Belts
        • Accessory Pulleys
        • Air Conditioning Cycling Switches
        • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensors
        • Air Ducts And Tubes
        • Air Filter Elements
        • Air Filter Gaskets
        • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
        • Air Fuel Ratio Sensors
        • Air Injection Control Solenoids
        • Air Plenums
        • Air Pump Belts
        • Air Pumps (Electric Driven)
        • Air Tubes
        • Aspirator, Check And DECEL Valves
        • Baffles
        • Ballast Primary Supply Resistor Wires
        • Ballast Resistors And Primary Supply Resistors
        • Barometric Pressure Sensors
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Connectors
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
        • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
        • Belt-Driven Air Pumps
        • Boost Control Mechanism
        • Camshaft Position Sensors
        • Carburetors And Chokes
        • Casting Core Plugs And Expansion Plugs
        • Charge Air Coolers ""INTERCOOLERS"" (CAC)
        • Check Valves
        • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Chokes
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switches
        • Cold Start Injectors
        • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
        • Connectors
        • Coolant Recovery Tanks
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Motor Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Relays And Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Resistors
        • Cooling Fan Motor Sensors And Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motor Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Crankshaft Position Sensors
        • Cylinder Deactivation Solenoid
        • Cylinder Head Assemblies
        • DECEL Valves
        • Deflectors
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks And Tubes
        • Distributor Advances And Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Boots And Shields
        • Distributor Caps
        • Distributor Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Rotors
        • Distributor Shields
        • Distributors
        • Early Fuel Evaporation Valves (Heat Riser Assemblies)
        • EGR Coolers
        • EGR Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Intake And Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Plates And Coolers
        • Electronic Spark Control Modules
        • Electronic Transmission Control Devices
        • Electronic Transmission Feedback Devices
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensors
        • Engine Cooling Systems
        • Engine Covers (Oil Pan, Valve Cover, Timing Cover)
        • Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Engine Oil Canisters
        • Engine Oil Coolers (External)
        • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
        • Engine Oil Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Pressure Gauges (Mechanical)
        • Engine Oil
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Filters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Purge Devices
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canisters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Feedback Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Feedback Devices
        • Expansion Plugs
        • Fan Control Sensor
        • Fuel Accumulators And Dampers
        • Fuel And Cold Start Injectors
        • Fuel Caps
        • Fuel Dampers
        • Fuel Delivery Check Valves
        • Fuel Distributors (BOSCH Cis)
        • Fuel Filler Necks And RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel Filters
        • Fuel Injector Cleaning
        • Fuel Injectors
        • Fuel Level Senders
        • Fuel Pressure Regulators
        • Fuel Pumps (In-Tank, External, Electrical Or Mechanical)
        • Fuel Rails
        • Fuel RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel System Cleaning Service
        • Fuel Tanks
        • Fuel
        • Gaskets
        • Grommets (Valve Cover)
        • Harmonic Dampers
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Hose Clamps
        • Hose Connectors
        • Hose Couplers
        • Hoses And Tube Couplers, Connectors And Clamps
        • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
        • Housings
        • Idle Air Controls
        • Idle Speed Control Actuators
        • Ignition Boots
        • Ignition Coil Towers
        • Ignition Coils
        • Ignition Control Modules (ICM)
        • Ignition Switches
        • Ignition Terminals
        • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
        • Inertia Fuel Shut-Off Switches
        • Intake Air Temperature Sensors
        • Intake Cleaning
        • Intake Manifolds
        • In-Tank Fuel Strainers
        • INTERCOOLERS
        • Knock Sensors
        • Liquid Vapor Separators
        • Long Block Assemblies
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensors
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensors
        • Metal Air Manifolds And Pipes
        • Metal Air Pipes
        • Mix Control Solenoids
        • Motor Mounts
        • O2 Sensors
        • Oil Pans
        • Oil Pressure Sending Units
        • Oil Pump Pick-Up Screens
        • Oil Pumps
        • O-Rings, Gaskets, Seals And Spring Locks
        • Park Neutral Position Switches
        • PCV Breather Elements
        • PCV Orifices
        • PCV Valves
        • Pick-Up Assemblies (Includes Magnetic, Hall Effect And Optical)
        • Power Steering Pressure Sensors
        • Powertrain Control Modules (Pcm) And Prom
        • Powertrain Control Prom
        • Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Blades
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiators
        • Roll Over Valves
        • Sealing Compounds
        • Seals
        • Secondary Air Injection System Management Devices
        • Sensors
        • Short Block Assemblies
        • Shrouds, Baffles And Deflectors
        • Spark Plugs
        • Spring Locks
        • Super Chargers
        • Switches
        • Thermal Vacuum Valves
        • Thermostatic Air Door Assemblies
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Throttle Bodies
        • Throttle Body Cleaning
        • Throttle Cables
        • Throttle Linkages And Cables
        • Throttle Position Sensors
        • Throttle Position Switches
        • Timing Belt Sprockets
        • Timing Belts
        • Timing Covers
        • Torque Struts
        • Transmission Range Switches
        • Tube Clamps
        • Tube Connectors
        • Tube Couplers
        • Tubes
        • Turbo Chargers
        • Vacuum Connections
        • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
        • Vacuum Regulator Solenoids
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valve Covers
        • Vehicle Speed Senors
        • Volume Air Flow Sensors
        • Waste Gate And Boost Control Mechanisms
        • Waste Gate Control Solenoids
        • Water Pumps (Electric)
        • Water Pumps (Non-Electric)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Parasitic Load Explanation & Test Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • General Information
      • Testing For Parasitic Load
        • Notes
        • CHRYSLER Ignition Off Draw (IOD) Test
        • Test Procedure Using Test Switch
        • Intermittent Parasitic Load Problems
        • Diode Check & Solenoid Test
        • Quad Driver Test
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
    • Waveforms - Injector Pattern Tutorial - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose Of This Article
        • Notes
        • Scope Of This Article
      • Is A Lab Scope Necessary?
        • Introduction
        • Overview Of NOID Light
          • Notes
          • Use the Right Noid Light
        • Overview Of DVOM
          • Notes
          • Checking Injector Resistance
          • Checking Available Voltage At the Injector
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Built-In Function
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Dwell Or Duty
          • How A Duty Cycle Meter and Dwell Meter Work
          • Strengths of Dwell/Duty Meter
          • Weaknesses of Dwell/Duty Meter
      • The Two Types Of Injector Drivers
        • Notes
        • Overview
        • Voltage Controlled Circuit ("Saturated Switch")
        • Current Controlled Circuit ("Peak & Hold")
      • The Two Ways Injector Circuits Are Wired
      • Interpreting Injector Waveforms
        • Notes
        • Interpreting A Voltage Controlled Pattern
        • Interpreting A Current Controlled Pattern
      • Current Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
      • Voltage Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
  • Map - Exhaust Systems
    • Exhaust Systems
      • Notes
      • Map Standards Of Service
      • The Map Process - Overview
      • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Catalytic Converters
      • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
      • Exhaust Connections
      • Hangers
      • Heat Risers (Mechanical EFE Devices)
      • Heat Shields
      • Manifolds (Cast And Tube Type)
      • Mechanical EFE Devices
      • Muffler Valve
      • Mufflers And Resonators
    • Reason Code Explanation
  • Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
    • Map - Heating, Ventilation, & Air Conditioning
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accumulators
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Air Conditioning Fittings
        • Air Conditioning Hoses
        • Air Conditioning Metal Lines
        • Air Control Doors
        • Air Dams (External)
        • Air Distribution System
        • Belts
        • Blend Doors
        • Blower Fans (Blower Wheel Or Squirrel Cage)
        • Blower Motors
        • Blower Resistors
        • Blower Switches
        • Cabin Air Filters
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Compressor Clutch Assemblies
        • Compressors
        • Condenser Air Seals
        • Condenser Fan Motors
        • Condensers
        • Connectors
        • Control Cables
        • Control Heads (Function Selectors)
        • Control Linkages
        • Control Modules
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Blades
        • Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Evaporator Drain Tubes
        • Evaporator Filters
        • Evaporator Pressure Regulators (EPRS)
        • Evaporators
        • Expansion Valves
        • Function Selectors
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gaskets
        • Heater Cases
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Heater Hoses
        • High Pressure Relief Valves (HPRV)
        • Idlers
        • In-Line Filters
        • Metal Fittings
        • Metal Lines
        • Mix And Air Control Doors (Blend Doors)
        • ORIFACE Tubes
        • O-Rings
        • Pilot-Operated Absolutes (POAS)
        • Plenums
        • Pressure Control Valves
        • Pressure Sensors
        • Pulleys
        • Radiators
        • Receiver-DRIERS
        • Refrigerant Oil
        • Refrigerant
        • Relays
        • Seals
        • Service Ports
        • Spring Lock Couplings
        • Suction Throttling Valves (STVS)
        • Switches (Electrical)
        • TENSIONERS
        • Thermistors And Pressure Sensors
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
        • Vacuum Reservoirs
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valves In Receiver (VIRS)
        • Water Pumps (Electric Auxiliary)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Identification
    • CANADIAN Model Cross-Reference
      • * Please Read This First *
      • ACURA
      • ASUNA
      • AUDI
      • BMW
      • CHRYSLER Corp.
        • CHRYSLER
        • Dodge
        • Eagle
        • PLYMOUTH
      • General Motors
        • BUICK
        • CHEVROLET
        • GMC
        • OLDSMOBILE
        • Optima
        • PONTIAC
      • HYUNDAI
      • Jaguar
      • KIA
      • MAZDA
      • MERCEDES-BENZ
      • Mercury
      • MERKUR
      • MITSUBISHI
      • NISSAN
      • RENAULT
      • SATURN
      • Smart
      • SUBARU
      • SUZUKI
      • TOYOTA
      • VOLKSWAGEN
      • VOLVO
      • All Others
    • Engine Introduction - Trucks
      • Engine Introduction - Trucks
        • Notes
        • Vehicle Identification Number Description
          • Notes
          • World Manufacturer Identifier - Position 1
          • Brake Type & Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) - Position 2
          • Line, Series & Body Type Code - Position 3
          • Engine Code - Position 4
          • Computer-Generated Check Digit - Position 5
          • Model Year Code - Position 6
          • Assembly Plant Code - Position 7
          • Production Sequence Number - Position 8
        • Model/Year VIN Code Applications
        • Engine Code Location
  • Metric Conversions
    • Engine Displacement Conversion Table - ECAT
      • Conversion Table
    • Metric Conversions
      • Metric Conversions
        • Notes
        • Length
        • Volume
        • Torque
        • Pressure
      • Conversion Factors
  • OEM General Information
    • Engine Introduction - Trucks
      • Engine Introduction - Trucks
        • Notes
        • Vehicle Identification Number Description
          • Notes
          • World Manufacturer Identifier - Position 1
          • Brake Type & Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) - Position 2
          • Line, Series & Body Type Code - Position 3
          • Engine Code - Position 4
          • Computer-Generated Check Digit - Position 5
          • Model Year Code - Position 6
          • Assembly Plant Code - Position 7
          • Production Sequence Number - Position 8
        • Model/Year VIN Code Applications
        • Engine Code Location
    • How To Use The Engine Performance Section
      • * Please Read This First *
      • How To Use The Engine Performance Section
      • Application
        • Notes
        • Introduction/Engine/VIN Id
      • Emission Applications
        • Notes
        • Emission Application Tables
      • Specifications
        • Notes
        • Service & Adjustment Specifications
      • Adjustment
        • Notes
        • On-Vehicle Adjustments
      • Theory & Operation
      • Testing & Diagnostics
        • Notes
        • Basic Diagnostic Procedures/Basic Testing
        • Self-Diagnostics/Tests W/Codes
        • Trouble Shooting - No Codes/Tests W/O Codes
        • System & Component Testing
      • Pin Voltage Charts
      • Sensor Range Charts
        • Notes
        • Sensor Operating Range Charts
      • Vacuum Hose Diagram(S)
      • Removal, Overhaul & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams - Engine Performance
        • Notes
        • 2002 & Earlier
        • 2003 & Later
  • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
    • A/C Filter Service Reminder
      • Notes
      • A/C Filter Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder
      • Notes
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Oil Life Reset - Base Instrument Cluster
        • Oil Life Reset - Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
        • Non-Hybrid
        • Hybrid
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
        • Owner's Manual 1
        • Owner's Manual 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 11
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 12
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 13
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 14
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 15
        • Base Message Center
        • Uplevel Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 16
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 17
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 18
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 19
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 20
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 21
        • Notes
        • Without Message Center
        • With Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 22
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 23
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 24
        • Path 1
        • Path 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 25
        • Base Cluster
        • High Series Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 26
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 2.3 Inch Screen/4.2 Inch Screen
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 8 Inch Screen
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 27
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 28
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Overhead Warning Lights)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Sri)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (VMM)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Tire Pressure Monitor System Reminder
      • Notes
      • Tire Pressure Sensor Types
        • Notes
        • Banded Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Bolt-On Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Snap-In Sensor
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
        • Notes
        • Vehicles With Message Center
        • Vehicles Without Message Center
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
        • Notes
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Single Rear Wheel
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Dual Rear Wheel
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
        • Overview
        • Carrying Out the System Reset Procedure
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 2.3" information display, scroll to:
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 4.2" information display, scroll to:
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
  • Specifications Index
    • Common Specs & Procedures
      • Specifications Index
  • Steering
    • Map - Steering, Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels & Tires
      • Steering & Suspension Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Wheel And Tire
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
      • Steering & Suspension CHECKSHEET
      • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
      • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
        • Notes
        • Active Handling
        • Active Suspension Control Modules
        • Active Variable Ratio Steering
        • Active Yaw Control
        • Adaptive Cruise Control
        • Advance TRAC
        • Air Bags
        • Air Ride Control Modules
        • Air Ride Suspension Torsion Springs (Counter Balancing)
        • Air Ride Suspension
        • Air Ride Tubes
        • Air Shocks And Air Struts
        • Air Spring Valves
        • Air Springs
        • Air Suspension Control Valves
        • Air Suspension DRIERS
        • Axle Acceleration Sensor
        • Ball Joints
        • Body Acceleration Sensor
        • Bushings
        • Center Links
        • Compressors
        • Continuous Damping Control
        • Control Arm Shafts
        • Control Arms
        • Control Modules
        • Distance Regulation Control Module
        • Distance Regulation Sensor
        • Drag Links
        • Dynamic Stability Control
        • Dynamic Stability Traction Control
        • Electronic Ride Control Shocks And Struts
        • Electronic Stability Control
        • Electronic Suspension System
        • Flex Couplers
        • Gaskets
        • Height Sensors
        • Hydraulic Hoses
        • Hydraulic Power Steering Pumps
        • Hydraulic Suspension Hoses
        • Hydraulic Suspension Pumps
        • Idler Arms
        • Intermediate Shaft U-Joints
        • King Pins
        • Modules
        • Pitman Arms
        • Power Steering Belts
        • Power Steering Coolers
        • Power Steering Fluid
        • Power Steering Hoses
        • Power Steering Lines (Steel)
        • Power Steering Pumps - Electric
        • Power Steering Pumps
        • Radar Sensor
        • Radius Arms
        • Relay Rods
        • Relays
        • Sensors
        • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
        • Spindles
        • Springs, Coil, Leaf And Torsion Bars
        • STABILITRAC
        • Stability Management System
        • Steering Angle Sensor
        • Steering Arms
        • Steering Couplers
        • Steering Dampers
        • Steering Gears (Except Rack And Pinion)
        • Steering Gears, Rack And Pinion
        • Steering Knuckles
        • Strike Out Bumpers
        • Strut Bearing Plate Assemblies
        • Strut Rods
        • Suspension Pumps (Hydraulic)
        • Sway Bar Links
        • Sway Bar Mounting Bushings
        • Sway Bars
        • Switches
        • Tie Rod Ends (Inner And Outer)
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
        • Tire Pressure Sensors
        • Tires
        • Torque Sensor
        • Torsion Springs
        • Track Bar Bushings
        • Track Bars
        • Trailing Arm Bushings
        • Trailing Arms
        • Valve Stems
        • Vehicle Dynamics Control
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor
        • Vehicle Stability Assist
        • Vehicle Stability/Skid Control
        • Warning Lamps
        • Wheel Alignment
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheels (Rims)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Pre-Alignment Instructions
        • Notes
        • General Alignment Checks
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Camber
        • Caster
        • Toe-In Adjustment
        • Toe-Out On Turns
        • Steering Axis Inclination
  • Traction Control Disable Procedures
    • Traction Control Disable
  • Trouble Shooting - Manual Transmission - General Information
    • * Please Read This First *
    • Introduction
• Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
  • A/C Compressor
    • HVAC Systems - Compressor Servicing
      • Ford FS-10 10-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch & Clutch Field Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Ford SC115 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • General Motors DELPHI-Thermal (HARRISON) CVC- 6/CVC-7, Hd6/Ht6/HU6, Hd6/Hr-6HE 6, V5 & V7.
        • Compressor Clutch Plate & Hub Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Control Valve (Variable Displacement Compressors Only)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Clutch Rotor/Bearing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • High Pressure Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Identifying Compressor Components
        • Shaft Seal
      • MITSUBISHI ASTT
      • MITSUBISHI Scroll
      • NIPPONDENSO 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • NIPPONDENSO 10S15/10S17/10S20
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • NIPPONDENSO 10PA17 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Removal (Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (Grand Cherokee)
        • Shaft Seal
      • SANDEN Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal & Installation (General Motors)
      • SANDEN SD-7H15 7-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal (All Models)
          • Installation (Cherokee)
          • Installation (Dakota, Durango & Ram Pickup)
      • SANDEN TRS-90 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • SANDEN TRS-105 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • ZEXEL (SATURN - Variable Displacement Type)
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal ("S" Series)
          • Installation ("S" Series)
          • Removal ("L" Series)
          • Installation ("L" Series)
          • Removal (VUE)
          • Installation (VUE)
        • Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • General Servicing
    • Cabin Air Filter
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Cabin Air Filter
          • Removal & Installation
    • HVAC Systems - Compressor Servicing
      • Ford FS-10 10-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch & Clutch Field Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Ford SC115 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • General Motors DELPHI-Thermal (HARRISON) CVC- 6/CVC-7, Hd6/Ht6/HU6, Hd6/Hr-6HE 6, V5 & V7.
        • Compressor Clutch Plate & Hub Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Control Valve (Variable Displacement Compressors Only)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Clutch Rotor/Bearing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • High Pressure Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Identifying Compressor Components
        • Shaft Seal
      • MITSUBISHI ASTT
      • MITSUBISHI Scroll
      • NIPPONDENSO 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • NIPPONDENSO 10S15/10S17/10S20
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • NIPPONDENSO 10PA17 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Removal (Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (Grand Cherokee)
        • Shaft Seal
      • SANDEN Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal & Installation (General Motors)
      • SANDEN SD-7H15 7-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal (All Models)
          • Installation (Cherokee)
          • Installation (Dakota, Durango & Ram Pickup)
      • SANDEN TRS-90 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • SANDEN TRS-105 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • ZEXEL (SATURN - Variable Displacement Type)
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal ("S" Series)
          • Installation ("S" Series)
          • Removal ("L" Series)
          • Installation ("L" Series)
          • Removal (VUE)
          • Installation (VUE)
        • Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • HVAC Systems - General Servicing
      • USING R-134a REFRIGERANT
        • Handling/Safety Precautions
        • IDENTIFYING R-134a SYSTEMS & COMPONENTS
          • Notes
          • Fittings & "O" Rings
          • Underhood A/C Specification Labels
        • Refrigerant Oils
      • System Service Valves
        • SCHRADER-Type Valves
        • Special Valve Connectors
        • R-134a SERVICE VALVES/PORTS
        • Service Valve Locations
      • Service Equipment
      • Manifold Gauge Set
        • Notes
        • Connecting Gauge Set
          • Notes
          • Schrader-Type Valves
        • Stabilizing A/C System
      • Pressure-Temperature Relationship
      • Pressure Gauge Readings
      • Recovery/Evacuation & Recharging
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Service Equipment
          • Manifold Gauge Set Connections
          • Refrigerant Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuate
          • Refrigerant System Charge
        • Ford Motor Co.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation
          • Refrigerant System Charging
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Filtering Procedures (Ford)
        • A/C System Filtering (Focus)
        • A/C System Filtering (Villager)
        • A/C System Filtering (Except Focus & Villager)
      • Flushing Procedures
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Leak Testing
        • Notes
        • Types Of Leak Detectors
          • Bubble Solution Detector
          • Dye Solution
          • Fluorescent Leak Detection
          • Electronic Leak Detector
        • Preparation For Leak Testing
        • Bubble Detector Leak Testing Procedure
        • Electronic Leak Testing Procedure
        • Dye Solution Leak Testing Procedures
        • Fluorescent Dye Leak Testing Procedures
  • HVAC Control Systems
    • HVAC System
      • Specifications
      • Description
      • Operation
        • Compressor Relief Valve
        • Clutch Cycling Switch
        • High-Pressure Cut-Off Switch
        • Blower Motor Resistor & Thermal Limiter
        • Control Panel Assembly
          • Temperature Control
          • Function Selector Switch
          • Blower Motor Switch
        • Evaporator Core Orifice Tube
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Preliminary Inspection
      • Performance Tests
        • A/C System Performance
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Retrieving Diagnostic Trouble Codes
        • Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
        • Clearing Diagnostic Trouble Codes
        • Summary
      • Symptom Tests
        • Notes
        • Test C: A/C Inoperative Or Does Not Operate Properly
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test D: A/C Always On
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test E: Insufficient A/C Cooling
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
      • Component Tests
        • Notes
        • A/C Evaporator/Condenser Core, On-Vehicle Leak Test
        • A/C Compressor, External Leak Test
        • Function Control Switch
      • On Vehicle Service
        • Notes
        • Cleaning Spring Lock Couplings
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Accumulator-Drier
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Clutch Cycling Switch & High-Pressure Cut-Off Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Compressor
          • Notes
          • Removal (2.0L Engine)
          • Installation
          • Removal (3.0L Engine)
        • Compressor Manifold & Tube Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
        • Condenser
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Evaporator Core & Housing
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Orifice Tube
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Pressure Relief Valve
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Vacuum Hose Diagram(S)
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • HVAC System - Heating & Ventilation
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Control Panel Assembly
          • Temperature Control Knob
          • Function Selector Knob
          • Blower Switch
        • Blower Motor
        • Blower Motor Relay
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Symptom Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Incorrect/Erratic Direction Of Airflow From Outlet
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test B: Insufficient, Erratic, Or No Heat
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test F: No Operation In All Temperature Settings
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test G: Blower Motor Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test H: Blower Motor Operates Continuously In High Speed
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test I: No Operation In High Blower Setting
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test J: No Operation In Lower Blower Setting
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
      • Component Tests
        • Heater Core
          • Notes
          • Plug Test
          • Pressure Test (On Vehicle)
          • Pressure Test (Bench)
        • Function Selector Switch
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Blower Motor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Blower Motor Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Control Panel Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
        • Function Selector Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Heater Core
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Heater Core Housing
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Panel Center Finish Panel
          • Removal & Installation
        • Temperature Blend Door Control Cable
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Temperature Control Switch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motors
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Vacuum Hose Diagram(S)
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • HVAC Systems - Compressor Servicing
      • Ford FS-10 10-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch & Clutch Field Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Ford SC115 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • General Motors DELPHI-Thermal (HARRISON) CVC- 6/CVC-7, Hd6/Ht6/HU6, Hd6/Hr-6HE 6, V5 & V7.
        • Compressor Clutch Plate & Hub Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Control Valve (Variable Displacement Compressors Only)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Clutch Rotor/Bearing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • High Pressure Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Identifying Compressor Components
        • Shaft Seal
      • MITSUBISHI ASTT
      • MITSUBISHI Scroll
      • NIPPONDENSO 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • NIPPONDENSO 10S15/10S17/10S20
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • NIPPONDENSO 10PA17 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Removal (Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (Grand Cherokee)
        • Shaft Seal
      • SANDEN Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal & Installation (General Motors)
      • SANDEN SD-7H15 7-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal (All Models)
          • Installation (Cherokee)
          • Installation (Dakota, Durango & Ram Pickup)
      • SANDEN TRS-90 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • SANDEN TRS-105 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • ZEXEL (SATURN - Variable Displacement Type)
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal ("S" Series)
          • Installation ("S" Series)
          • Removal ("L" Series)
          • Installation ("L" Series)
          • Removal (VUE)
          • Installation (VUE)
        • Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • HVAC Systems - General Servicing
      • USING R-134a REFRIGERANT
        • Handling/Safety Precautions
        • IDENTIFYING R-134a SYSTEMS & COMPONENTS
          • Notes
          • Fittings & "O" Rings
          • Underhood A/C Specification Labels
        • Refrigerant Oils
      • System Service Valves
        • SCHRADER-Type Valves
        • Special Valve Connectors
        • R-134a SERVICE VALVES/PORTS
        • Service Valve Locations
      • Service Equipment
      • Manifold Gauge Set
        • Notes
        • Connecting Gauge Set
          • Notes
          • Schrader-Type Valves
        • Stabilizing A/C System
      • Pressure-Temperature Relationship
      • Pressure Gauge Readings
      • Recovery/Evacuation & Recharging
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Service Equipment
          • Manifold Gauge Set Connections
          • Refrigerant Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuate
          • Refrigerant System Charge
        • Ford Motor Co.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation
          • Refrigerant System Charging
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Filtering Procedures (Ford)
        • A/C System Filtering (Focus)
        • A/C System Filtering (Villager)
        • A/C System Filtering (Except Focus & Villager)
      • Flushing Procedures
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Leak Testing
        • Notes
        • Types Of Leak Detectors
          • Bubble Solution Detector
          • Dye Solution
          • Fluorescent Leak Detection
          • Electronic Leak Detector
        • Preparation For Leak Testing
        • Bubble Detector Leak Testing Procedure
        • Electronic Leak Testing Procedure
        • Dye Solution Leak Testing Procedures
        • Fluorescent Dye Leak Testing Procedures
• Maintenance
  • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
    • A/C Filter Service Reminder
      • Notes
      • A/C Filter Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder
      • Notes
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Oil Life Reset - Base Instrument Cluster
        • Oil Life Reset - Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
        • Non-Hybrid
        • Hybrid
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
        • Owner's Manual 1
        • Owner's Manual 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 11
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 12
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 13
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 14
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 15
        • Base Message Center
        • Uplevel Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 16
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 17
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 18
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 19
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 20
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 21
        • Notes
        • Without Message Center
        • With Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 22
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 23
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 24
        • Path 1
        • Path 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 25
        • Base Cluster
        • High Series Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 26
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 2.3 Inch Screen/4.2 Inch Screen
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 8 Inch Screen
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 27
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 28
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Overhead Warning Lights)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Sri)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (VMM)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Tire Pressure Monitor System Reminder
      • Notes
      • Tire Pressure Sensor Types
        • Notes
        • Banded Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Bolt-On Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Snap-In Sensor
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
        • Notes
        • Vehicles With Message Center
        • Vehicles Without Message Center
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
        • Notes
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Single Rear Wheel
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Dual Rear Wheel
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
        • Overview
        • Carrying Out the System Reset Procedure
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 2.3" information display, scroll to:
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 4.2" information display, scroll to:
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
• Restraints
  • Air Bag, SRS
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Back-Up Power Supply
        • CLOCKSPRING
        • Driver-Side Air Bag Module
        • Passenger-Side Air Bag Module
        • Restraints Control Module (RCM)
        • Seat Belt PRETENSIONERS
        • Side Air Bag Module
        • Side Crash Sensor
      • Component Locations
      • System Operation Check
      • Air Bag Safety Precautions
      • Adjustments
        • CLOCKSPRING Centering
      • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
        • Notes
        • Disabling System
          • Notes
          • Component Replacement Disabling Procedure
          • Diagnostics Disabling Procedure (Seats Removed)
          • General Disabling Procedure (Seats Installed)
        • Activating System
          • Component Replacement Activating Procedure (Seats Installed)
          • Diagnostics Activating Procedure (Seats Removed)
          • General Activating Procedure (Seats Installed)
        • Air Bag Simulator (Seats Installed)
      • Disposal Procedures
        • Notes
        • Deployed Air Bag Or PRETENSIONER (Seats Installed)
        • UNDEPLOYED Air Bag Or PRETENSIONER-Faulty Unit (Seats Installed)
        • Scrapped Vehicle (Seats Installed)
          • Notes
          • Remote Deployment Of AIR Bag (Seats Installed)
          • Remote Deployment Of Seat Belt Pretensioners (Seats Installed)
      • Post-Collision Inspection
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • CLOCKSPRING
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Driver-Side Air Bag Module
        • Front Seat
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Passenger-Side Air Bag Module
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Restraints Control Module (RCM)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Belt PRETENSIONERS
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Side Air Bag Crash Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Wheel
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Diagnostics
        • Notes
        • Self-Diagnostics
        • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Using Scan Tool
        • Retrieving Fault Codes
        • Clearing Fault Codes
        • On-Demand Self-Test
        • Active Commands
        • PID/Data Monitor & Record
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Test A: Air Bag Warning Light On Continuously-RCM Disconnected, Inoperative Or Lost/Low Ignition Feed
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test B: Driver Air Bag Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1887)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test C: Driver Air Bag Circuit Short To Battery Or Ignition (DTC B1916)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test D: Passenger Air Bag Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1888)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test E: Passenger Air Bag Circuit Short To Battery Or Ignition (DTC B1925)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test F: Left PRETENSIONER Circuit Short To Battery Or Ignition (DTC B1878)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test G: Left PRETENSIONER Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1879)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test H: Right PRETENSIONER Circuit Short To Battery Or Ignition (DTC B1882)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test I: Right PRETENSIONER Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1883)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test J: RCM Bracket Ground Resistance High (DTC B1921)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test K: Incorrect Vehicle Identification Code (DTC C1414)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test L: Driver Air Bag Resistance High (DTC B1932)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test M: Passenger Air Bag Resistance High (DTC B1933)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test N: Driver Air Bag Low Resistance (DTC B1934)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test O: Passenger Air Bag Resistance Low (DTC B1935)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test P: Left Side Air Bag Circuit Short To Battery Or Ignition (DTC B1992)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Q: Left Side Air Bag Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1993)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test R: Left Side Air Bag Circuit Resistance High (DTC B1994)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test S: Left Side Air Bag Circuit Resistance Low (DTC B1995)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test T: Right Side Air Bag Circuit Short To Battery Or Ignition (DTC B1996)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test U: Right Side Air Bag Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1997)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test V: Right Side Air Bag Circuit Resistance High (DTC B1998)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test W: Right Side Air Bag Circuit Resistance Low (DTC B1999)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test X: Left Side Crash Sensor Mounting Failure (DTC B2441)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Y: Right Side Crash Sensor Mounting Failure (DTC B2440)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Z: Left Side Crash Sensor Communication Fault (DTC U2017)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Aa: Right Side Crash Sensor Communication Fault (DTC U2018)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Ab: Left PRETENSIONER Circuit Resistance Low Or High (DTC B1885/B1877)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Ac: Right PRETENSIONER Circuit Resistance Low Or High (DTC B1881/B1886)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Ad: Left Side Crash Sensor Internal Fault (DTC B2444)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test AE: Right Side Crash Sensor Internal Fault (DTC B2445)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test AF: Air Bag Warning Light Inoperative (DTC B1869)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Ag: Air Bag Warning Light Short To Battery (DTC B1870)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Ah: Air Bag Tone Warning Indicator Circuit Short To Battery Or Ignition (B1891)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Ai: Air Bag Tone Warning Indicator Circuit Short To Ground Or Open (DTC B1892)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test AJ: No Communication With RCM
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
      • Wire Repair
        • Notes
        • Repair Procedure
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System -- Air Bag/SRS Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • Ford Motor Co. (1988-04)
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System Deactivation Procedures
      • Special Care During Mechanical Repairs
      • CHRYSLER
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Caravan, Concord, Intrepid, Neon, Prowler, PT Cruiser, Sebring Convertible, Sebring Sedan, Stratus Sedan, Town & Country, Viper, Voyager & 300M
          • Dakota, Durango, Ram Pickup, Ram Van & Ram Wagon
          • Sebring Coupe & Stratus Coupe
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
      • Ford Motor Co.
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Blackwood)
          • Activating System (Blackwood)
          • Disabling System (Continental)
          • Activating System (Continental)
          • Disabling System (Cougar)
          • Activating System (Cougar)
          • Disabling System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Activating System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Disabling System (Econoline)
          • Activating System (Econoline)
          • Disabling System (Escape)
          • Activating System (Escape)
          • Disabling System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Activating System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Disabling System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Activating System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Disabling System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Activating System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Disabling System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Activating System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Disabling System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Activating System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Disabling System (Focus)
          • Activating System (Focus)
          • Disabling System (F150)
          • Activating System (F150)
          • Disabling System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Activating System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Disabling System (Mustang)
          • Activating System (Mustang)
          • Disabling System (Ranger)
          • Activating System (Ranger)
          • Disabling System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Activating System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Disabling System (Town Car)
          • Activating System (Town Car)
          • Disabling System (Villager)
          • Activating System (Villager)
          • Disabling System (Windstar)
          • Activating System (Windstar)
        • Air Bag Simulator
        • Driver Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Blackwood, Econoline, Excursion, Expedition, Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac, F150, F250/350 Super Duty, Mountaineer & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Continental, Cougar, Escort, Focus, LS, Mustang, Ranger, Thunderbird, Town Car & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Removal & Installation (Escort & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac & Ranger)
          • Removal & Installation (Sable & Taurus)
          • Removal & Installation (Town Car)
        • Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
        • Torque Specifications
      • General Motors
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Prizm
          • Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
          • All Models Except Prizm & Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Activating System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Disabling System (Astro & Safari)
          • Activating System (Astro & Safari)
          • Disabling System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Activating System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Disabling System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Activating System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Disabling System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Activating System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Disabling System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Activating System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Disabling System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Activating System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Disabling System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Activating System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Disabling System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Activating System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Disabling System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Activating System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Disabling System (Corvette)
          • Activating System (Corvette)
          • Disabling System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Activating System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Disabling System (Eldorado)
          • Activating System (Eldorado)
          • Disabling System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Activating System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Disabling System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Activating System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Disabling System (Prizm)
          • Activating System (Prizm)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn Vue)
          • Activating System (Saturn Vue)
          • Disabling System (Tracker)
          • Activating System (Tracker)
      • Jeep
        • System Operation Check
          • Grand Cherokee, Liberty & Wrangler
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
  • Restraints Control Systems
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System -- Air Bag/SRS Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • Ford Motor Co. (1988-04)
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System Deactivation Procedures
      • Special Care During Mechanical Repairs
      • CHRYSLER
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Caravan, Concord, Intrepid, Neon, Prowler, PT Cruiser, Sebring Convertible, Sebring Sedan, Stratus Sedan, Town & Country, Viper, Voyager & 300M
          • Dakota, Durango, Ram Pickup, Ram Van & Ram Wagon
          • Sebring Coupe & Stratus Coupe
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
      • Ford Motor Co.
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Blackwood)
          • Activating System (Blackwood)
          • Disabling System (Continental)
          • Activating System (Continental)
          • Disabling System (Cougar)
          • Activating System (Cougar)
          • Disabling System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Activating System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Disabling System (Econoline)
          • Activating System (Econoline)
          • Disabling System (Escape)
          • Activating System (Escape)
          • Disabling System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Activating System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Disabling System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Activating System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Disabling System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Activating System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Disabling System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Activating System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Disabling System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Activating System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Disabling System (Focus)
          • Activating System (Focus)
          • Disabling System (F150)
          • Activating System (F150)
          • Disabling System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Activating System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Disabling System (Mustang)
          • Activating System (Mustang)
          • Disabling System (Ranger)
          • Activating System (Ranger)
          • Disabling System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Activating System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Disabling System (Town Car)
          • Activating System (Town Car)
          • Disabling System (Villager)
          • Activating System (Villager)
          • Disabling System (Windstar)
          • Activating System (Windstar)
        • Air Bag Simulator
        • Driver Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Blackwood, Econoline, Excursion, Expedition, Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac, F150, F250/350 Super Duty, Mountaineer & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Continental, Cougar, Escort, Focus, LS, Mustang, Ranger, Thunderbird, Town Car & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Removal & Installation (Escort & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac & Ranger)
          • Removal & Installation (Sable & Taurus)
          • Removal & Installation (Town Car)
        • Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
        • Torque Specifications
      • General Motors
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Prizm
          • Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
          • All Models Except Prizm & Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Activating System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Disabling System (Astro & Safari)
          • Activating System (Astro & Safari)
          • Disabling System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Activating System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Disabling System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Activating System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Disabling System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Activating System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Disabling System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Activating System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Disabling System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Activating System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Disabling System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Activating System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Disabling System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Activating System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Disabling System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Activating System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Disabling System (Corvette)
          • Activating System (Corvette)
          • Disabling System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Activating System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Disabling System (Eldorado)
          • Activating System (Eldorado)
          • Disabling System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Activating System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Disabling System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Activating System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Disabling System (Prizm)
          • Activating System (Prizm)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn Vue)
          • Activating System (Saturn Vue)
          • Disabling System (Tracker)
          • Activating System (Tracker)
      • Jeep
        • System Operation Check
          • Grand Cherokee, Liberty & Wrangler
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
  • Seat Belts
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System -- Air Bag/SRS Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • Ford Motor Co. (1988-04)
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System Deactivation Procedures
      • Special Care During Mechanical Repairs
      • CHRYSLER
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Caravan, Concord, Intrepid, Neon, Prowler, PT Cruiser, Sebring Convertible, Sebring Sedan, Stratus Sedan, Town & Country, Viper, Voyager & 300M
          • Dakota, Durango, Ram Pickup, Ram Van & Ram Wagon
          • Sebring Coupe & Stratus Coupe
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
      • Ford Motor Co.
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Blackwood)
          • Activating System (Blackwood)
          • Disabling System (Continental)
          • Activating System (Continental)
          • Disabling System (Cougar)
          • Activating System (Cougar)
          • Disabling System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Activating System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Disabling System (Econoline)
          • Activating System (Econoline)
          • Disabling System (Escape)
          • Activating System (Escape)
          • Disabling System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Activating System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Disabling System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Activating System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Disabling System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Activating System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Disabling System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Activating System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Disabling System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Activating System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Disabling System (Focus)
          • Activating System (Focus)
          • Disabling System (F150)
          • Activating System (F150)
          • Disabling System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Activating System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Disabling System (Mustang)
          • Activating System (Mustang)
          • Disabling System (Ranger)
          • Activating System (Ranger)
          • Disabling System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Activating System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Disabling System (Town Car)
          • Activating System (Town Car)
          • Disabling System (Villager)
          • Activating System (Villager)
          • Disabling System (Windstar)
          • Activating System (Windstar)
        • Air Bag Simulator
        • Driver Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Blackwood, Econoline, Excursion, Expedition, Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac, F150, F250/350 Super Duty, Mountaineer & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Continental, Cougar, Escort, Focus, LS, Mustang, Ranger, Thunderbird, Town Car & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Removal & Installation (Escort & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac & Ranger)
          • Removal & Installation (Sable & Taurus)
          • Removal & Installation (Town Car)
        • Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
        • Torque Specifications
      • General Motors
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Prizm
          • Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
          • All Models Except Prizm & Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Activating System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Disabling System (Astro & Safari)
          • Activating System (Astro & Safari)
          • Disabling System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Activating System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Disabling System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Activating System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Disabling System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Activating System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Disabling System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Activating System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Disabling System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Activating System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Disabling System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Activating System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Disabling System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Activating System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Disabling System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Activating System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Disabling System (Corvette)
          • Activating System (Corvette)
          • Disabling System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Activating System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Disabling System (Eldorado)
          • Activating System (Eldorado)
          • Disabling System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Activating System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Disabling System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Activating System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Disabling System (Prizm)
          • Activating System (Prizm)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn Vue)
          • Activating System (Saturn Vue)
          • Disabling System (Tracker)
          • Activating System (Tracker)
      • Jeep
        • System Operation Check
          • Grand Cherokee, Liberty & Wrangler
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
• Steering
  • Manual Steering
    • Power Steering System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Power Steering
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Power Steering
      • Removal And Installation
        • Power Steering Fluid Reservoir
          • Removal and Installation
        • Power Steering Pump - 2.0L Zetec
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Pump - 3.0L (4V)
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Pump Pulley
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Pump to Steering Gear Pressure Line - 2.0L Zetec
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Pump to Steering Gear Pressure Line - 3.0L (4V)
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Gear to Fluid Cooler Return Hose
          • Removal and Installation
        • Power Steering Fluid Cooler
          • Removal and Installation
        • Steering Gear
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Steering Linkage
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering Linkage
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering Linkage
      • Removal And Installation
        • Tie Rod End
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Steering Gear Boot
          • Removal and Installation
    • Steering System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Steering System Symptom Definitions
            • Drift/Pull
            • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Feedback
            • Hard Steering or Lack of Assist
            • Nibble
            • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
            • Shimmy
            • Wander
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Steering System Noise
            • Pinpoint Test B: Steering Is Very Difficult/Very Easy
            • Pinpoint Test C: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Pinpoint Test D: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
          • Component Tests
            • Steering Linkage
            • Turning Effort Test
            • Pump Flow and Pressure Test
            • Tie-Rod Articulation Torque
            • Steering Gear Valve
      • General Procedures
        • Power Steering System Flushing
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Purging
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Power Steering System Purging Procedure
        • Power Steering System Filling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Power Steering System Filling Procedure
  • Power Steering
    • Power Steering System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Power Steering
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Power Steering
      • Removal And Installation
        • Power Steering Fluid Reservoir
          • Removal and Installation
        • Power Steering Pump - 2.0L Zetec
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Pump - 3.0L (4V)
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Pump Pulley
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Pump to Steering Gear Pressure Line - 2.0L Zetec
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Pump to Steering Gear Pressure Line - 3.0L (4V)
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Gear to Fluid Cooler Return Hose
          • Removal and Installation
        • Power Steering Fluid Cooler
          • Removal and Installation
        • Steering Gear
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Steering Linkage
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering Linkage
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering Linkage
      • Removal And Installation
        • Tie Rod End
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Steering Gear Boot
          • Removal and Installation
    • Steering System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Steering System Symptom Definitions
            • Drift/Pull
            • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Feedback
            • Hard Steering or Lack of Assist
            • Nibble
            • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
            • Shimmy
            • Wander
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Steering System Noise
            • Pinpoint Test B: Steering Is Very Difficult/Very Easy
            • Pinpoint Test C: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Pinpoint Test D: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
          • Component Tests
            • Steering Linkage
            • Turning Effort Test
            • Pump Flow and Pressure Test
            • Tie-Rod Articulation Torque
            • Steering Gear Valve
      • General Procedures
        • Power Steering System Flushing
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Purging
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Power Steering System Purging Procedure
        • Power Steering System Filling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Power Steering System Filling Procedure
  • Steering Column
    • Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Steering Column
        • Notes
        • Tilt Columns
        • Steering Column Air Bag
        • Steering Column Lock
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Steering Column
    • Removal And Installation
      • Ignition Switch Lock Cylinder
        • Removal and Installation
      • Steering Wheel
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Steering Column
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Steering Column Shaft
        • Removal and Installation
      • Steering Column Coupling
        • Removal and Installation
    • Disassembly And Assembly
      • Steering Column
        • Disassembly and Assembly
  • Steering Linkage
    • Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Steering Linkage
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Steering Linkage
    • Removal And Installation
      • Tie Rod End
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Steering Gear Boot
        • Removal and Installation
• Suspension
  • Front Suspension System
    • Description
    • Adjustments & Inspection
      • Lower Ball Joint Checking
      • Front Wheel Bearings
      • Wheel Alignment
    • Removal & Installation
      • Coil Spring & Strut Assembly
        • Removal
        • Disassembly & Reassembly
        • Installation
      • Hub/Steering Knuckle Assembly
        • Removal
        • Disassembly & Reassembly
        • Installation
      • Lower Ball Joint
      • Lower Control Arm
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Stabilizer Bar & Links
        • Removal & Installation
      • Wheel Bearings
        • Removal & Installation
    • Torque Specifications
  • Rear Suspension System
    • Torque Specifications
    • Description
    • Adjustments & Inspections
      • Notes
      • Wheel Bearing Inspection
    • Removal & Installation
      • Wheel Bearing - 2WD
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Wheel Bearing - 4WD
        • Notes
        • Removal
          • All vehicles
          • Vehicles with ABS
        • Installation
          • All vehicles
          • Vehicles with ABS
      • Wheel Studs
      • Upper Arm
        • Removal and Installation
      • Lower Arm
        • Removal and Installation
      • Wheel Knuckle - 2WD
        • Notes
        • Removal
          • All vehicles
          • Vehicles with ABS
        • Installation
          • All vehicles
          • Vehicles with ABS
      • Wheel Knuckle - 4WD
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
          • All vehicles
          • Vehicles with ABS
        • Installation
          • All vehicles
          • Vehicles with ABS
      • Shock Absorber
        • Removal and Installation
      • Spring
        • Removal and Installation
          • Notes
          • All vehicles
          • Vehicles with ABS
  • Wheel Alignment
    • Specification & Procedures
      • Jacking & Hoisting
        • Floor Jack
        • Frame Contact Hoist
      • Riding Height
        • Checking Procedures
        • Adjustment Procedures
          • Lean Correction
      • Wheel Alignment Procedures
        • Camber & Caster Adjustment
        • Toe-In Adjustment
          • Notes
          • Front
          • Rear
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wheel Alignment Specifications
• Transmission
  • Automatic Trans
    • Automatic Transmission - Removal & Installation
      • Application
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Transaxle
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Special Tools
      • Torque Specifications
    • Automatic Transmission Servicing
      • Application
      • Identification
        • Transaxle
        • Oil Pan Gasket
      • Lubrication
        • Service Intervals
          • Transaxle
          • Transfer Case
        • Checking Fluid Level
          • Transaxle
          • Transfer Case
        • Recommended Fluids
        • Fluid Capacities
        • Draining & Refilling
          • Notes
          • Transaxle
          • Transfer Case
        • Oil Cooler Flushing
      • On-Vehicle Repairs
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Gearshift Lever Indicator (Cougar)
        • Shift Cable
          • Cougar
          • Escape
        • Transmission Range Sensor (Cougar)
        • Transmission Range Sensor (Escape)
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Control Valve Body
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Intermediate & Overdrive Servo
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Cooler Tubes (Cougar)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Cooler Tubes (Escape)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Transfer Case Companion Flange
          • Removal & Installation
        • Transfer Case Rear Oil Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Transmission Range Sensor
          • Escape
        • Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
    • Diagnosis - Automatic Transmission
      • Application
      • Identification
        • Transaxle
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Electronic Control System
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Formats
          • Retrieving DTCs
          • Key On, Engine Off (KOEO) Self-Test
          • Key On, Engine Running (KOER) Self-Test
          • BPP, PSP & TCS Test Procedures
          • Continuous Memory Self-Test
        • Powertrain Control Module
        • Input Devices
          • Air Conditioning Clutch Switch
          • Brake Pedal Position Switch
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor & Electronic Ignition
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • Mass Air Flow Sensor
          • Output Shaft Speed Sensor
          • Power Steering Pressure Switch
          • Transmission Control Switch
          • Transmission Control Indicator Light
          • Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor
          • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Transmission Range Sensor
          • Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor
        • Output Devices
          • Check Transaxle Light
          • Electronic Pressure Control Solenoid
          • Solenoid Valve Body Assembly
          • Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid
        • Shift Interlock System
      • Component Locations
      • Programming
        • Notes
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Notes
          • Flash Vehicle Identification Block Procedure
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Notes
        • Preliminary Inspection
        • Symptom Diagnosis (Electronic)
          • Notes
          • No Reverse Engagement
          • Harsh Reverse Or Forward Engagement
          • Some Or All Shifts Missing
          • Some Or All Shifts Early Or Late
          • Erratic Or Hunting Shifts
          • Soft Or Slipping Shifts
          • Harsh Shifts
          • No 1st Gear In Drive, Engages In Higher Gear ("D" Position)
          • No Manual 1st Gear (1st Gear Is Okay In "D")
          • No 1-2 Upshift In "D" Position
          • No 2-3 Upshift In "D" Position
          • No 3-4 Upshift In "D" Position
          • No TCC Engagement
          • TCC Always Engaged
          • No Engine Braking In Manual 1st, Manual 2nd Or Drive (TCS On)
          • Poor Vehicle Performance
          • Engine Will Not Crank
          • Transaxle Overheating
        • Symptom Diagnosis (Mechanical)
          • No Forward Gears
          • No Reverse
          • Harsh Reverse &/Or Forward Engagement
          • Delayed/Soft Reverse &/Or Forward Engagement
          • No Forward Or Reverse
          • All Or Some Shifts Not Present
          • Early Or Late Shifting
          • Erratic/Hunting Shift Timing
          • Soft/Slipping Shift Feel
          • Harsh Shift Feel
          • No First Gear (In "D" Position)
          • No Low Gear
          • No Torque Converter Clutch
          • Torque Converter Clutch Always Engaged
          • Stiff Shift Lever Operation
          • Poor Vehicle Performance
          • No Engine Braking In Manual Low Position
          • No Engine Braking In Manual 2nd Position
          • Vehicle Movement In Neutral Position
        • Clutch & Band Applications
      • Performance Tests
        • Notes
        • Road Test
        • Hydraulic Pressure Tests
          • Notes
          • Test Procedure
          • Line Pressure Low At Idle In All Ranges
          • Line Pressure High In All Ranges
        • Stall Speed Test
          • Torque Converter
        • Air Pressure Tests
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Retrieving Diagnostic Trouble Codes (Quick Test)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Visual Check
          • Vehicle Preparation & Equipment Hook-Up
          • Key On Engine Off (KOEO) Self-Test
          • Key On Engine Running (KOER) Self-Test
          • Continuous Memory Self-Test
        • Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
        • Clearing Diagnostic Trouble Codes
          • Notes
          • PCM Reset
        • Scan Tool Unable To Communicate
        • Additional System Functions
        • Torque CONVERTOR Engagement Test
        • Transaxle Drive Cycle Test
          • Notes
          • Test Procedure
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Notes
        • How To Use Diagnostic Tests
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
        • Test A: Shift Solenoids
        • Test B: Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor
        • Test C: Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid
        • Test D: Transmission Range Sensor
        • Test E: Electronic Pressure Control Solenoid
        • Test F: Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor & Output Shaft Speed Sensor
        • Test G: 3-2 Timing/Coast Clutch Solenoid
        • Test H: Solenoid Mechanical Failure
      • Symptom Tests
        • Transmission Control Switch/Transmission Control Indicator Lamp Does Not Function
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Removal & Installation
      • Connector Identification
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Hydraulic Diagrams - Cd4E, La4A-El
      • Hydraulic Diagrams - Cd4E, La4A-El
    • Overhaul- Automatic Transmission
      • Disassembly
        • Transaxle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
      • Disassembly & Assembly Of Subassemblies
        • Chain Sprockets
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Torque Converter Housing
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Final Drive Carrier And Differential Assembly
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Forward One-Way Clutch
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Forward/Coast/Direct Clutch Cylinder and Reverse Clutch Drum - Disassembly
          • Disassembly
        • Forward/Coast/Direct Clutches
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Forward/Coast/Direct Clutch Cylinder and Reverse Clutch Drum - Assembly
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Assembly
        • Low One-Way Clutch Assembly
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Low/Reverse Piston
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Main Control Valve Body
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Transaxle Case
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Pump Assembly
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Reverse Clutch
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Planetary Gearsets & Chain Drive Parts
          • Disassembly
        • Torque Converter
        • Torque Converter Cleaning And Inspection
        • Torque Converter Flushing
        • Torque Converter Leak Check
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Check
        • Torque Converter End Play Check
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Check
        • Torque Converter Insert Check
          • Check
        • Torque Converter Turbine Torque Check
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Check
      • Assembly
        • Transaxle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Assembly
            • All Applications
    • Shift Interlock System
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Shift Interlock Actuator
          • All Models (Except Escort, LS, Villager & ZX2)
          • Escort, LS, Villager & ZX2
        • Emergency Override Function
          • Notes
          • Cougar
          • Escort, Focus & ZX2
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Preliminary Inspection
        • Symptom Diagnosis
      • System Tests
        • Pinpoint Test A (Cougar)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (ECONOLINE)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (Escape)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (Escort & ZX2)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (Focus)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (F150 Pickup)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (LS)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (Sable & TAURUS)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (Town Car)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (Villager)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
      • Component Tests
        • Shift Interlock & Ignition Relay
          • Notes
          • Component Testing Procedure (No Voltage Applied)
          • Component Testing Procedure (Voltage Applied)
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch
          • Villager
        • Selector Dial Bezel
          • Escort & ZX2
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis, Sable & Taurus)
          • Removal & Installation (Econoline, F150 Pickup & Town Car)
          • Removal & Installation (Escape & LS)
          • Removal & Installation (Escort & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Removal & Installation (Focus)
          • Removal & Installation (Villager)
        • Center Console
          • Removal & Installation (Sable, Taurus & Town Car - Floor Shift)
          • Removal & Installation (LS)
        • Front End Module
          • Removal & Installation (LS)
        • Gearshift Lever Unit
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
          • Removal & Installation (Escort & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Focus)
        • Selector Dial Bezel
          • Removal & Installation (Escort & ZX2)
        • Shift Interlock Actuator
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Town Car - Floor Shift)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Removal & Installation (Econoline)
          • Removal & Installation (Escape)
          • Removal & Installation (Escort & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (F150)
          • Removal & Installation (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Removal & Installation (LS)
          • Removal & Installation (Sable & Taurus)
          • Removal & Installation (Villager)
        • Transmission Range Sensor
          • Removal & Installation (Escape)
      • Connector Identification
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Hydraulic Diagrams - Cd4E, La4A-El
    • Hydraulic Diagrams - Cd4E, La4A-El
• External Pages