Repair and Diagnosis (Single Page)

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• Quick Lookups
  • Common Specs & Procedures
    • Specifications Index
  • DTC Index
    • Air Bag Restraints Systems DTCS
    • Anti-Theft Systems DTCS
      • Anti-Lock Brakes DTCS
      • Stability Assist System DTCS
      • Anti-Theft System - Active DTCS
      • Anti-Theft System - Passive DTCS
    • Automatic Transmission - 4F27E Electronic Controls DTCS
    • Evaporative Emissions DTCS
    • Instrument Panels - Analog DTCS
    • Power Door Locks & Remote Keyless Entry Systems DTCS
    • Self-Diagnostics DTCS
  • Electrical Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
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    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
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      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fluids
  • Technical Bulletins
    • Campaigns
    • Safety Recalls
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C10)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C13)
        • Cental Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C14)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C15)
        • Cental Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C16)
        • Cental Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C17)
        • Cental Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C18)
        • Driver air bag module Connector End View (C30)
        • Passenger air bag module Connector End View (C31)
        • Inline Connector End View (C32)
        • Inline Connector End View (C41)
        • Inline Connector End View (C42)
        • Inline Connector End View (C43)
        • Inline Connector End View (C45)
        • Inline Connector End View (C46)
        • Inline Connector End View (C48)
        • Inline Connector End View (C50)
        • Inline Connector End View (C51a)
        • Inline Connector End View (C51b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C57)
        • Inline Connector End View (C58)
        • Inline Connector End View (C59)
        • Inline Connector End View (C61)
        • Inline Connector End View (C62)
        • Inline Connector End View (C63)
        • Inline Connector End View (C67)
        • Inline Connector End View (C70)
        • Inline Connector End View (C71)
        • Inline Connector End View (C72)
        • Inline Connector End View (C73)
        • Inline Connector End View (C74)
        • Inline Connector End View (C77)
        • Inline Connector End View (C80)
        • Inline Connector End View (C81)
        • Inline Connector End View (C86)
        • Inline Connector End View (C87)
        • Inline Connector End View (C90)
        • Inline Connector End View (C91)
        • Inline Connector End View (C92)
        • Inline Connector End View (C95)
        • Inline Connector End View (C96)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C101)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C102)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C103)
        • Inline Connector End View (C103)
        • Generic Electronic (Module (GEM) Connector End View (C104)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C105)
        • High mounted stop-lamp Connector End View (C107)
        • Starter motor Connector End View (C120)
        • Door lock motor driver side Connector End View (C148)
        • Door lock motor, passenger side Connector End View (C149)
        • Door lock motor driver side rear Connector End View (C150)
        • Door lock motor passenger side rear Connector End View (C151)
        • Data Link Connector (DLC) Connector End View (C200)
        • Engine cooling fan motor Connector End View (C201)
        • Second cooling fan motor Connector End View (C202)
        • Engine cooling fan resistor Connector End View (C203)
        • Fog lamp, left front Connector End View (C303)
        • Fog lamp, right front Connector End View (C305)
        • Inline Connector End View (C320)
        • Inline Connector End View (C376)
        • Heater control module Connector End View (C380)
        • Passive anti-theft transceiver module Connector End View (C390)
        • Powertrain control module PCM) Connector End View (C415)
        • Inline Connector End View (C420)
        • Air bag diagnostic monitor Connector End View (C423)
        • Air bag diagnostic monitor Connector End View (C424)
        • Passenger air bag module Connector End View (C425)
        • Passenger air bag module Connector End View (C426)
        • Lamp assembly, left rear Connector End View (C432)
        • Lamp assembly right rear Connector End View (C433)
        • Turn lamp, left rear Connector End View (C435)
        • Turn lamp, right rear Connector End View (C436)
        • Radio remote control switch Connector End View (C437)
        • Transmission range sensor Connector End View (C438)
        • Transmission hardware unit Connector End View (C439)
        • Wiper/washer switch Connector End View (C441)
        • Radio Connector End View (C442)
        • Radio Connector End View (C443)
        • Stoplamp switch Connector End View (C444)
        • Inline Connector End View (C445)
        • Lamp assembly, left rear Connector End View (C448)
        • Lamp assembly, right rear Connector End View (C449)
        • Ignition switch Connector End View (C456)
        • Hazard flasher switch Connector End View (C458)
        • Multifunction switch Connector End View (C459)
        • Heater blower switch Connector End View (C469)
        • Heater blower series resistor Connector End View (C470)
        • Window operating switch, driver side front (multiple) Connector End View (C486)
        • Window operating switch, driver side front (multiple) Connector End View (C487)
        • Window operating switch, driver side front (multiple) Connector End View (C488)
        • Window operating switch, driver side front (multiple) Connector End View (C489)
        • Window operating switch, left rear; Window operating switch, right rear Connector End View (C490)
        • Heater panel illumination lamp Connector End View (C493)
        • License plate lamp, left Connector End View (C494)
        • License plate lamp, left Connector End View (C495)
        • License plate lamp, right Connector End View (C496)
        • License plate lamp, right Connector End View (C497)
        • Moonroof adjust switch Connector End View (C522)
        • Moonroof unit Connector End View (C525)
        • Recirculation air actuator Connector End View (C538)
        • Inline Connector End View (C555)
        • Inline Connector End View (C556)
        • Power point Connector End View (C602)
        • Tailgate/decklid anti-theft inhibit switch Connector End View (C632)
        • Ignition coil Connector End View (C641)
        • Crankshaft position sensor Connector End View (C642)
        • Crankshaft position sensor Connector End View (C643)
        • Power steering pressure switch Connector End View (C644)
        • Ignition transformer capacitor Connector End View (C647)
        • Evaporative emission (EVAP) canister vent valve Connector End View (C681)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side front Connector End View (C684)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side front Connector End View (C685)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side rear Connector End View (C686)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side rear Connector End View (C687)
        • A/C compressor cycling switch Connector End View (C692)
        • Left front seat heater switch Connector End View (C694)
        • Right front seat heater switch Connector End View (C695)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C703)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C704)
        • Exhaust Pressure Transducer (EPT) sensor Connector End View (C705)
        • Seat adjust switch, driver side front Connector End View (C715)
        • Electronic Stability Program (ESP) switch Connector End View (C717)
        • Fuel pump driver module Connector End View (C731)
        • Fuel tank unit Connector End View (C732)
        • One-touch window relay Connector End View (C738)
        • Power mirror adjust switch Connector End View (C741)
        • Idle speed control valve Connector End View (C755)
        • Idle speed control valve Connector End View (C756)
        • Driver seat height motor Connector End View (C761)
        • Injector 1 Connector End View (C771)
        • Injector 2 Connector End View (C772)
        • Injector 3 Connector End View (C773)
        • Injector 4 Connector End View (C774)
        • Injector 1 Connector End View (C775)
        • Injector 2 Connector End View (C776)
        • Injector 3 Connector End View (C777)
        • Injector 4 Connector End View (C778)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor Connector End View (C779)
        • Electr. Vacuum Regulator (EVR) solenoid valve Connector End View (C780)
        • Window regulator motor, driver side front Connector End View (C782)
        • Window regulator motor, passenger side front Connector End View (C783)
        • Window regulator motor, LH side rear Connector End View (C784)
        • Inline Connector End View (C789)
        • Door lock/unlock switch, driver Connector End View (C794)
        • Door lock/unlock switch, passenger Connector End View (C795)
        • Liftgate/decklid switch Connector End View (C798)
        • Inline Connector End View (C799)
        • Inline Connector End View (C800)
        • Inline Connector End View (C803)
        • Inline Connector End View (C804)
        • Inline Connector End View (C807)
        • Inline Connector End View (C808)
        • Instrument cluster Connector End View (C809)
        • Brake fluid level switch Connector End View (C810)
        • Anti-theft horn Connector End View (C811)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left front Connector End View (C814)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left front Connector End View (C815)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left rear Connector End View (C816)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right rear Connector End View (C817)
        • Steering position sensor Connector End View (C818)
        • Luggage compartment lamp Connector End View (C820)
        • Primary brake pressure sensor Connector End View (C821)
        • Secondary brake pressure sensor Connector End View (C822)
        • Brake pedal position switch Connector End View (C824)
        • Clutch pedal position switch Connector End View (C825)
        • Yaw velocity sensor Connector End View (C826)
        • Two-way washer pump motor Connector End View (C828)
        • Vacuum brake booster Connector End View (C829)
        • Electronic Stability Program (ESP) module Connector End View (C830)
        • Speed control module Connector End View (C831)
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Connector End View (C832)
        • Headlamp, right Connector End View (C834)
        • Headlamp, left Connector End View (C835)
        • High intensity discharge headlamp, LH side Connector End View (C836)
        • Park/turn amp, RH side font Connector End View (C836)
        • High intensity discharge headlamp, RH side Connector End View (C837)
        • Side turn signal lamp, right Connector End View (C838)
        • Side turn signal lamp, left Connector End View (C839)
        • ABS control module Connector End View (C840)
        • Windshield wiper motor Connector End View (C849)
        • Instrument cluster Connector End View (C852)
        • Inline Connector End View (C853)
        • Park/Neutral Position (PNP) switch Connector End View (C864)
        • Generator Connector End View (C870)
        • Dual pressure switch Connector End View (C882)
        • Cargo space lamp Connector End View (C887)
        • Cargo, space lamp Connector End View (C888)
        • Interior lamp, font Connector End View (C890)
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor Connector End View (C894)
        • Clock spring Connector End View (C896)
        • Engine compartment switch Connector End View (C897)
        • Interior lamp, front Connector End View (C899)
        • EVAP canister purge valve Connector End View (C900)
        • Knock sensor Connector End View (C901)
        • Knock sensor Connector End View (C903)
        • Cylinder-head temperature sensor Connector End View (C904)
        • Cigar lighter, front Connector End View (C911)
        • Cigar lighter, front Connector End View (C912)
        • Turbine Shaft Speed (TSS) sensor Connector End View (C928)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) sensor Connector End View (C929)
        • Park brake switch Connector End View (C930)
        • Gearshift lever unit Connector End View (C931)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) switch Connector End View (C933)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 Connector End View (C934)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 Connector End View (C935)
        • Start inhibit switch Connector End View (C936)
        • Speaker, left front Connector End View (C937)
        • Speaker, right front Connector End View (C938)
        • Speaker, left rear Connector End View (C939)
        • Speaker, right rear Connector End View (C940)
        • Rear window defrost grid Connector End View (C946)
        • Rear window defrost grid Connector End View (C947)
        • Rear window defrost grid Connector End View (C949)
        • Rear window defrost grid Connector End View (C950)
        • Rear window defrost grid Connector End View (C951)
        • Oil pressure switch Connector End View (C954)
        • A/C Compressor clutch Connector End View (C957)
        • Inlet Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) module Connector End View (C960)
        • Inlet Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) module Connector End View (C961)
        • Fuel rail pressure transducer sensor Connector End View (C962)
        • Fuel rail pressure transducer sensor Connector End View (C963)
        • Fuel tank pressure transducer sensor Connector End View (C964)
        • Rear window wiper motor Connector End View (C971)
        • A/C compressor clutch diode Connector End View (C972)
        • Ice warning sensor Connector End View (C974)
        • Barometric Absolute Pressure (BAP) sensor Connector End View (C975)
        • Second horn Connector End View (C981)
        • Horn Connector End View (C982)
        • Subwoofer amplifier Connector End View (C990)
        • Ignition relay Connector End View (C1001)
        • High beam relay Connector End View (C1005)
        • Low beam relay Connector End View (C1006)
        • Fuel pump relay Connector End View (C1007)
        • Power hold relay Connector End View (C1008)
        • A/C Wide Open Throttle (WOT) relay Connector End View (C1011)
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) relay Connector End View (C1012)
        • Fog amp relay Connector End View (C1013)
        • Stoplamp relay Connector End View (C1014)
        • Engine cooling fan relay Connector End View (C1015)
        • High speed engine cooling fan relay Connector End View (C1016)
        • Starter relay Connector End View (C1017)
        • Rear wiper relay Connector End View (C1018)
        • Windshield wiper relay Connector End View (C1019)
        • Horn relay Connector End View (C1023)
        • Battery saver relay Connector End View (C1024)
        • Rear window defrost relay Connector End View (C1025)
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Body Control Modules
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cooling Fan
      • Cruise Control
      • Defoggers
      • Engine Performance
        • 2.0L
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Seats
      • Power Top/Sunroof
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlock
      • Starting/Charging
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
      • Trunk, Tailgate, Fuel Door
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Accessories & Equipment
  • Anti-Theft Systems
    • Active Anti-Theft Systems
      • Description
      • Operation
        • Arming System
        • Triggering System
        • Disarming System
      • Component Locations
      • Programming
        • Remote Transmitter
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Self-Diagnostic System
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: No Communication With Generic Electronic Module
        • Test B: Alarm System Does Not Operate Correctly
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Anti-Theft Horn
        • Pin Switches
        • Generic Electronic Module
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Anti-Theft System - Passive
      • Description
      • Operation
        • Theft Indicator Light
        • Encoded Ignition Key
        • Transceiver Module
      • Component Locations
      • Programming
        • Erase All Keys & Program 2 Keys
        • Programming Using 2 Programmed Keys
        • Programming Without Using 2 Programmed Keys
        • Security Access
        • Spare Key Programming Switch
      • Troubleshooting
      • Self-Diagnostic System
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Pats Transceiver Antenna Not Connected (DTC B2103)
        • Test B: No Key Code Received/Damaged Encoded Ignition Key Or Use Of Non-Pats Key (DTC B1600)
        • Test C: Incorrect Key Code From Ignition Key Transponder (DTC B1601)
        • Test D: Invalid Key Code Format From Ignition Key Transponder (DTC B1602)
        • Test E: Anti-Theft Module Transceiver Defective Or Not Connected (DTC B1681)
        • Test F: Theft Indicator Always/Never On (No Indicator Prove Out)
      • Removal & Installation
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) Module
        • Passive Anti-Theft System Transceiver Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • 2000
        • 2001
        • 2002
    • Passive Anti-Theft System Job Aid
      • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) Specifications
        • Ford System (Pats) Specifications
        • LINCOLN System (Pats) Specifications
        • Mercury System (Pats) Specifications
      • Pats Key Types
      • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
      • Non-Pats Issues
      • Things To Do:
      • Things Not To Do:
      • Programming Procedures
        • Notes
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #1
          • Procedure #2
          • Procedure #3
        • Spare Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #4
        • Spare Key Programming Using Programmed Keys
          • Procedure #5
          • Procedure #6
        • Replacing Pats Control Module Or Pcm
          • Procedure #7
          • Procedure #8
    • Power Door Lock & Remote Keyless Entry System
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Programming
        • Remote Transmitter
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Inspection & Verification
      • Self-Diagnostic System
      • Symptom Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: No Communication With Generic Electronic Module
        • Test B: All Door Locks Are Inoperative
        • Test C: Liftgate/Luggage Compartment Lid Inoperative
        • Test D: A Single/More Than One Door Lock Is Inoperative
        • Test E: Single Door Lock Inoperative Using Door Switch Using Driver/Passenger Door Lock Switch
        • Test F: Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using Remote Transmitter
        • Test G: Luggage Compartment Lid Inoperative Using Remote Transmitter/Keyless Entry Keypad
        • Test H: Panic Feature Does Not Operate Properly
      • Removal & Installation
        • Door Latch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Trim Panel
          • Removal & Installation
        • Generic Electronic Module
          • Removal & Installation
        • Hood Latch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Liftgate Latch
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Remote Keyless Entry System [Transmitter Programming Procedures]
      • Programming Methods & Transmitter Types
        • Programming Method And Transmitter Type Application
        • Transmitter Type Identification
        • Programming Methods
          • Programming Method A
          • Programming Method D
          • Programming Method I
          • Programming Method K
          • Programming Method L
          • Programming Method M
          • Programming Method N
          • Programming Method O
      • Helpful Hints
        • Remote Entry Programming Procedure
        • Poor Operating Range Performance
        • Miscellaneous
  • Communication Devices
    • Module Communications Network
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Repairing SCP Bus Wiring
      • Programming
        • Module Configuration
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Notes
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Data Link Diagnostic Test
        • Retrieving & Clearing Diagnostic Trouble Codes
        • Accessing Parameter Identification
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • Parameter Identification & Definitions
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Anti-Lock Brake System Module Does Not Respond To Scan Tool
        • Test B: Powertrain Control Module Does Not Respond To Scan Tool
        • Test C: Instrument Cluster Does Not Respond To Scan Tool
        • Test D: Generic Electronic Module Does Not Respond To Scan Tool
        • Test E: Restraint Control Module Does Not Respond To Scan Tool
        • Test F: Auxiliary Instrument Cluster Does Not Respond To Scan Tool
        • Test G: No Module/Network Communication - ISO 9141 Network
        • Test H: No Module/Network Communication - SCP Network
        • Test I: No Module/Network Communication - All Modules
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Cruise Control Systems
    • Description & Operation
    • Component Locations
    • Adjustments
      • DEACTIVATOR Switch/Clutch Pedal Position Switch
    • Trouble Shooting
    • System Tests
      • Notes
      • Test A: Speed Control Is Inoperative
      • Test B: Speed Control Does Not Disengage With Brakes Applied
      • Test C: Coast Switch Inoperative
      • Test D: Resume Switch Inoperative
      • Test E: Speed Control Does Not Disengage With Clutch Applied
    • Removal & Installation
      • Notes
      • Speed Control Switches
        • Removal & Installation
      • Speed Control Cable
        • Removal & Installation - 2.0L Duratec ST
        • Removal & Installation - All Others
    • Wiring Diagrams
  • Gauges & Instrument Panels
    • Analog Instrument Panels
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Programming
        • Module Configuration
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Self-Diagnostic Test
        • Instrument Cluster Test Mode
        • Symptom Diagnosis
      • Symptom Tests
        • Test A: No Communication With Instrument Cluster
        • Test B: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
        • Test C: Odometer Is Inoperative
        • Test D: Inaccurate Mph Reading
        • Test E: Incorrect Rpm Indication
        • Test F: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
        • Test G: Incorrect Oil Temperature Gauge Indication
        • Test H: Incorrect Oil Pressure Gauge Indication
        • Test I: Air Bag Warning Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test J: Abs Warning Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test K: Brake Warning Indicator Is Never On
        • Test L: Brake Warning Indicator Is Always On
        • Test M: Low Fuel Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
        • Test N: Engine Oil Pressure Warning Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test O: Engine Oil Pressure Warning Indicator Is Always On
        • Test P: Charge System Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
        • Test Q: Malfunction Indicator Light/Powertrain Malfunction Indicator Light Is Inoperative/Always On
        • Test R: Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly (Chime Is Operative)
        • Test S: Turn Signal/Hazard Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test T: High Beam Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test U: Shift Up Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On (Except SVT)
        • Test V: Door Ajar Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On
        • Test W: The Traction Control Indicator Is Never/Always On
        • Test X: Cruise Control Indicator Is Never/Always On
        • Test Y: Check Fuel Cap Indicator Is Never/Always On
      • Removal & Installation
        • Auxiliary Instrument Cluster
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (2.0L Duratec SVT)
          • Removal & Installation (All Others)
        • Instrument Panel
          • Removal & Installation
        • Center Console
          • Removal & Installation (Automatic Transaxle)
          • Removal & Installation (Manual Transaxle)
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Heated Glass/Defoggers
    • Heated Glass System/Defogger System
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Symptom Tests
        • Rear Window Does Not Defog
        • Defogger Does Not Turn Off Automatically
      • Component Tests
        • Defogger Relay
        • Rear Defogger Switch
      • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Mirrors
    • Power Mirror System
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Symptom Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Both Mirrors Inoperative
        • Test B: Single Mirror Inoperative
        • Test C: Single Mirror Inoperative With Switch Logic
        • Test D: Heated Outside Mirror Does Not Defog
      • Component Tests
        • Mirror Control Switch
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Mirror Control Switch & Mirror Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Steering Column Switches
    • Description
    • Trouble Shooting
    • Symptom Tests
      • Notes
      • Test A: Ignition Switch Inoperative
      • Test B: No Power In Acc Position
      • Test C: No Power In Run Position
      • Test D: No Power In Start Position
    • Component Tests
      • Notes
      • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
      • Ignition Switch
      • Relays
        • Ignition & Starter Relays
    • Removal & Installation
      • Notes
      • Ignition Switch
        • Removal & Installation
      • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
      • Steering Wheel
        • Removal & Installation
    • Torque Specifications
    • Wiring Diagrams
      • 2001
      • 2002
  • Window Motors & Regulators
    • Power Window System
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: All Power Windows Inoperative (4-Door)
        • Test B: Driver's Power Window Inoperative (4-Door)
        • Test C: A Single Passenger Power Window Is Inoperative (4-Door)
        • Test D: One-Touch Down Feature Is Inoperative (4-Door)
        • Test E: All Power Windows Inoperative (2-Door)
        • Test F: Driver's Power Window Inoperative (2-Door)
        • Test G: Passenger's Power Window Inoperative (2-Door)
      • Component Tests
        • Driver's Power Window Control Switch (2-Door)
        • Driver's Power Window Control Switch (4-Door)
        • Passenger's Power Window Control Switch
        • Power Window Motor
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Power Window Motor
          • Removal & Installation (Front)
          • Removal & Installation (Rear)
        • One-Touch Window Down Relay (4-Door)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Window Control Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Window Glass
          • Removal & Installation (Front)
          • Removal & Installation (Rear)
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Wiper/Washer Systems
    • Wiper Systems & Washer System
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Adjustments
      • Trouble Shooting
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: No Communication With Generic Electronic Module
        • Test B: Front Wipers Inoperative
        • Test C: Front Wipers Stay On Continuously
        • Test D: Front Wipers High Speed Inoperative (Intermittent Mode Okay)
        • Test E: Front Wiper Wash & Wipe Function Inoperative Or Does Not Operate Correctly
        • Test F: Front Wiper Intermittent Speed Does Not Work Correctly (High/Low Speeds Okay)
        • Test G: Front Wipers Do Not Park Correctly
        • Test H: Rear Wiper Is Inoperative
        • Test I: Rear Wiper Stays On Continuously
        • Test J: Rear Wiper Does Not Park Properly
        • Test K: Washer Pump Inoperative
      • Component Tests
        • Wiper Motors
          • Front Wiper Motor
          • Rear Wiper Motor
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
        • Relays
          • Wiper Motor Relay (Front Or Rear)
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Windshield Washer Pump & Reservoir
          • Removal & Installation
        • Windshield Wiper Motor, Pivot Shafts & Linkage
          • Removal & Installation (Front)
          • Removal & Installation (Rear)
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
• Body & Frame
  • Door Locks
    • Active Anti-Theft Systems
      • Description
      • Operation
        • Arming System
        • Triggering System
        • Disarming System
      • Component Locations
      • Programming
        • Remote Transmitter
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Self-Diagnostic System
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: No Communication With Generic Electronic Module
        • Test B: Alarm System Does Not Operate Correctly
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Anti-Theft Horn
        • Pin Switches
        • Generic Electronic Module
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Anti-Theft System - Passive
      • Description
      • Operation
        • Theft Indicator Light
        • Encoded Ignition Key
        • Transceiver Module
      • Component Locations
      • Programming
        • Erase All Keys & Program 2 Keys
        • Programming Using 2 Programmed Keys
        • Programming Without Using 2 Programmed Keys
        • Security Access
        • Spare Key Programming Switch
      • Troubleshooting
      • Self-Diagnostic System
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Pats Transceiver Antenna Not Connected (DTC B2103)
        • Test B: No Key Code Received/Damaged Encoded Ignition Key Or Use Of Non-Pats Key (DTC B1600)
        • Test C: Incorrect Key Code From Ignition Key Transponder (DTC B1601)
        • Test D: Invalid Key Code Format From Ignition Key Transponder (DTC B1602)
        • Test E: Anti-Theft Module Transceiver Defective Or Not Connected (DTC B1681)
        • Test F: Theft Indicator Always/Never On (No Indicator Prove Out)
      • Removal & Installation
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) Module
        • Passive Anti-Theft System Transceiver Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • 2000
        • 2001
        • 2002
    • Passive Anti-Theft System Job Aid
      • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) Specifications
        • Ford System (Pats) Specifications
        • LINCOLN System (Pats) Specifications
        • Mercury System (Pats) Specifications
      • Pats Key Types
      • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
      • Non-Pats Issues
      • Things To Do:
      • Things Not To Do:
      • Programming Procedures
        • Notes
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #1
          • Procedure #2
          • Procedure #3
        • Spare Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #4
        • Spare Key Programming Using Programmed Keys
          • Procedure #5
          • Procedure #6
        • Replacing Pats Control Module Or Pcm
          • Procedure #7
          • Procedure #8
    • Power Door Lock & Remote Keyless Entry System
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Programming
        • Remote Transmitter
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Inspection & Verification
      • Self-Diagnostic System
      • Symptom Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: No Communication With Generic Electronic Module
        • Test B: All Door Locks Are Inoperative
        • Test C: Liftgate/Luggage Compartment Lid Inoperative
        • Test D: A Single/More Than One Door Lock Is Inoperative
        • Test E: Single Door Lock Inoperative Using Door Switch Using Driver/Passenger Door Lock Switch
        • Test F: Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using Remote Transmitter
        • Test G: Luggage Compartment Lid Inoperative Using Remote Transmitter/Keyless Entry Keypad
        • Test H: Panic Feature Does Not Operate Properly
      • Removal & Installation
        • Door Latch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Trim Panel
          • Removal & Installation
        • Generic Electronic Module
          • Removal & Installation
        • Hood Latch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Liftgate Latch
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Remote Keyless Entry System [Transmitter Programming Procedures]
      • Programming Methods & Transmitter Types
        • Programming Method And Transmitter Type Application
        • Transmitter Type Identification
        • Programming Methods
          • Programming Method A
          • Programming Method D
          • Programming Method I
          • Programming Method K
          • Programming Method L
          • Programming Method M
          • Programming Method N
          • Programming Method O
      • Helpful Hints
        • Remote Entry Programming Procedure
        • Poor Operating Range Performance
        • Miscellaneous
  • Mirrors
    • Power Mirror System
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Symptom Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Both Mirrors Inoperative
        • Test B: Single Mirror Inoperative
        • Test C: Single Mirror Inoperative With Switch Logic
        • Test D: Heated Outside Mirror Does Not Defog
      • Component Tests
        • Mirror Control Switch
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Mirror Control Switch & Mirror Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Windows
    • Power Window System
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: All Power Windows Inoperative (4-Door)
        • Test B: Driver's Power Window Inoperative (4-Door)
        • Test C: A Single Passenger Power Window Is Inoperative (4-Door)
        • Test D: One-Touch Down Feature Is Inoperative (4-Door)
        • Test E: All Power Windows Inoperative (2-Door)
        • Test F: Driver's Power Window Inoperative (2-Door)
        • Test G: Passenger's Power Window Inoperative (2-Door)
      • Component Tests
        • Driver's Power Window Control Switch (2-Door)
        • Driver's Power Window Control Switch (4-Door)
        • Passenger's Power Window Control Switch
        • Power Window Motor
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Power Window Motor
          • Removal & Installation (Front)
          • Removal & Installation (Rear)
        • One-Touch Window Down Relay (4-Door)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Window Control Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Window Glass
          • Removal & Installation (Front)
          • Removal & Installation (Rear)
      • Wiring Diagrams
• Brakes
  • Anti-Lock Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake Control System - Stability Assist
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Lock Control - Stability Assist
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Notes
        • General Equipment
        • Principles of Operation
          • Notes
          • Yaw Rate Sensor
          • Accelerometer
          • Steering Wheel Rotation Sensor
          • Brake Booster
          • Stability Assist Module Calibration
        • Inspection and Verification
          • Notes
          • Stability Assist Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • Notes
            • Stability Assist Module DTC Index
          • Stability Assist Calibration List
            • Notes
            • Stability Assist Calibration List
        • Symptom Chart
          • Notes
          • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Stability Assist Module
          • Pinpoint Test B: Brake Pedal Position Input Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1676 - Battery Voltage Out Of Range
          • Pinpoint Test D: DTC C1937 - Steering Wheel Angle Sensor Offset Failure
          • Pinpoint Test E: DTC C1095 - Abs Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test F: DTC C1145 (RF), DTC C1155 (LF), DTC C1165 (RR), DTC C1175 (LR) - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Input Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test G: DTC C1233 (LF), DTC C1234 (RF), DTC C1235 (RR), DTC C1236 (LR) - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Input Signal Missing
          • Pinpoint Test H: DTC C1267 - Abs Functions Temporarily Disabled
          • Pinpoint Test I: DTC C1279 - Yaw Rate Sensor Circuit Failure, DTC C1280 - Yaw Rate Sensor Signal Fault
          • Pinpoint Test J: DTC C1281 - Accelerometer Circuit Failure, DTC C1282 - Accelerometer Signal Fault
          • Pinpoint Test K: DTC C1285-Brake Booster Solenoid Output Failure
          • Pinpoint Test L: DTC C1286-Booster Mechanical Failure
          • Pinpoint Test M: DTC C1287 - Booster Pedal Force Switch Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test N: DTC C1288-Primary Brake Pressure Sensor Input Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test O: DTC C1289-Secondary Brake Pressure Sensor Input Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test P: DTC C1730 - Reference Voltage Out Of Range (+5 V)
          • Pinpoint Test Q: The Yellow Abs Warning Indicator Does Not Self-Check
          • Pinpoint Test R: The Traction Control Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test S: The Stability Assist/Traction Control Switch Indicator Is Never/Always On
          • Pinpoint Test T: The Stability Assist System Cannot Be Disabled
          • Pinpoint Test U: The Stability Assist Indicator Does Not Self-Check
          • Pinpoint Test V: DTC U1053 - SCP (J1850) Invalid Or Missing Data For Steering / Steering Wheel
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
          • General Equipment
          • Material
          • Removal
            • All vehicles
          • Installation
        • Rear Wheel Speed Sensor
          • Removal
        • Stability Assist Module
          • Removal
        • Yaw Rate Sensor
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Wheel Rotation Sensor
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Accelerometer
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Anti-Lock Control
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Lock Control
          • Notes
          • Hydraulic and Electronic Control Unit (HECU)
          • Wheel Speed Sensors
          • Electronic Brake Distribution
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Lock Control
          • Notes
          • General Equipment
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • ABS Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Abs Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: Unable To Enter Self-Test
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1676 - Battery Voltage Out Of Range
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC C1095 - Abs Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC C1145 (RF), C1155 (LF), C1165 (RR), C1175 (LR) - Wheel Speed Sensor Input Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC 1233 (LF), C1234 (RF), C1235 (RR), C1236 (LR) - Wheel Speed Input Signal Missing
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Yellow Abs Warning Indicator Does Not Self-Check
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Red Brake Warning Indicator Does Not Self-Check
            • Pinpoint Test I: DTC C1267 - Abs Functions Temporarily Disabled
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Module
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Wheel Speed Sensor
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Wheel Speed Sensor
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Mechanical - Hydraulic
    • Disc Brakes & Drum Brakes
      • Description & Operation
      • Bleeding Brake System
        • Manual Bleeding
        • BRAKELINE Bleeding Sequence
        • Pressure Bleeding
      • Adjustments
        • Brake Pedal Free Play
        • Brake Pedal Height
        • Brake Load Sensor Proportioning Valve (2003-04 Models)
        • Parking Brake
        • Rear Brake Shoes
      • Component Tests
        • Brake Booster
        • Check Valve
        • Master Cylinder
          • Notes
          • Bypass Condition Test
          • Compensator Port Check
          • Non-Pressure Leaks
      • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Backing Plate
          • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Drum
          • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Fluid Reservoir
          • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Pedal
          • Removal & Installation (2002 A/T)
          • Removal & Installation (2002 M/T)
          • Removal & Installation (2003-04 A/T)
          • Removal & Installation (2003-04 M/T)
        • Brake Shoes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Floor Console
          • Removal & Installation (A/T)
          • Removal & Installation (M/T)
        • Front Brake Caliper & Pads
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Brake Rotor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Master Cylinder
          • Removal & Installation
        • Parking Brake Cable
        • Parking Brake Control
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Brake Booster
          • Removal & Installation (Except SVT)
          • Removal & Installation (SVT)
        • Rear Brake Caliper & Pads
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear Brake Rotor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Wheel Cylinder
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
      • Overhaul
        • Front Brake Caliper
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Master Cylinder
        • Power Brake Booster
        • Rear Brake Caliper
      • Torque Specifications
      • Disc Brake Specifications
      • Drum Brake Specifications
  • Traction Control
    • Anti-Lock Brake Control System - Stability Assist
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Lock Control - Stability Assist
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Notes
        • General Equipment
        • Principles of Operation
          • Notes
          • Yaw Rate Sensor
          • Accelerometer
          • Steering Wheel Rotation Sensor
          • Brake Booster
          • Stability Assist Module Calibration
        • Inspection and Verification
          • Notes
          • Stability Assist Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • Notes
            • Stability Assist Module DTC Index
          • Stability Assist Calibration List
            • Notes
            • Stability Assist Calibration List
        • Symptom Chart
          • Notes
          • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Stability Assist Module
          • Pinpoint Test B: Brake Pedal Position Input Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1676 - Battery Voltage Out Of Range
          • Pinpoint Test D: DTC C1937 - Steering Wheel Angle Sensor Offset Failure
          • Pinpoint Test E: DTC C1095 - Abs Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test F: DTC C1145 (RF), DTC C1155 (LF), DTC C1165 (RR), DTC C1175 (LR) - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Input Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test G: DTC C1233 (LF), DTC C1234 (RF), DTC C1235 (RR), DTC C1236 (LR) - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Input Signal Missing
          • Pinpoint Test H: DTC C1267 - Abs Functions Temporarily Disabled
          • Pinpoint Test I: DTC C1279 - Yaw Rate Sensor Circuit Failure, DTC C1280 - Yaw Rate Sensor Signal Fault
          • Pinpoint Test J: DTC C1281 - Accelerometer Circuit Failure, DTC C1282 - Accelerometer Signal Fault
          • Pinpoint Test K: DTC C1285-Brake Booster Solenoid Output Failure
          • Pinpoint Test L: DTC C1286-Booster Mechanical Failure
          • Pinpoint Test M: DTC C1287 - Booster Pedal Force Switch Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test N: DTC C1288-Primary Brake Pressure Sensor Input Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test O: DTC C1289-Secondary Brake Pressure Sensor Input Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test P: DTC C1730 - Reference Voltage Out Of Range (+5 V)
          • Pinpoint Test Q: The Yellow Abs Warning Indicator Does Not Self-Check
          • Pinpoint Test R: The Traction Control Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test S: The Stability Assist/Traction Control Switch Indicator Is Never/Always On
          • Pinpoint Test T: The Stability Assist System Cannot Be Disabled
          • Pinpoint Test U: The Stability Assist Indicator Does Not Self-Check
          • Pinpoint Test V: DTC U1053 - SCP (J1850) Invalid Or Missing Data For Steering / Steering Wheel
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
          • General Equipment
          • Material
          • Removal
            • All vehicles
          • Installation
        • Rear Wheel Speed Sensor
          • Removal
        • Stability Assist Module
          • Removal
        • Yaw Rate Sensor
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Wheel Rotation Sensor
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Accelerometer
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Anti-Lock Control
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Lock Control
          • Notes
          • Hydraulic and Electronic Control Unit (HECU)
          • Wheel Speed Sensors
          • Electronic Brake Distribution
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Lock Control
          • Notes
          • General Equipment
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • ABS Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Abs Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: Unable To Enter Self-Test
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1676 - Battery Voltage Out Of Range
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC C1095 - Abs Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC C1145 (RF), C1155 (LF), C1165 (RR), C1175 (LR) - Wheel Speed Sensor Input Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC 1233 (LF), C1234 (RF), C1235 (RR), C1236 (LR) - Wheel Speed Input Signal Missing
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Yellow Abs Warning Indicator Does Not Self-Check
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Red Brake Warning Indicator Does Not Self-Check
            • Pinpoint Test I: DTC C1267 - Abs Functions Temporarily Disabled
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Module
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Wheel Speed Sensor
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Wheel Speed Sensor
          • Removal
          • Installation
• Drivelines & Axles
  • Axle Shafts
    • Description & Operation
    • Lubrication
    • Trouble Shooting
      • Notes
      • Road Test
    • Symptom Diagnosis
      • Clicking, Popping Or Grinding Noises While Turning
        • Inadequate Or Contaminated Lubricant In Outboard/Inboard Axle Shaft CV Joint
        • Another Component Contacting Axle Shaft Assembly
        • Brakes
        • Wheel Bearings, Suspension Or Steering Components
      • Shudder/Vibration At Highway Speeds
        • Out Of Balance Or Out-Of-Round Tires
        • Incorrectly Seated Outboard CV Joint In Front Wheel Hub
      • Shudder Vibration During Acceleration
        • Excessively High CV Joint Operating Angles Caused By Incorrect Ride Height
        • Excessively Worn Or Damaged Inboard Or Outboard CV Joint
      • Axle Shaft Joint Pullout
        • Inboard Axle Shaft Bearing Retainer Circlip Missing Or Not Correctly Seated In Differential Side Gear
        • Engine/Transaxle Assembly Mispositioned
        • Frame Rail Or Strut Tower Out Of Position Or Damaged
        • Front Suspension Components Worn Or Damaged
    • Removal & Installation
      • Notes
      • Axle Shafts
        • Removal (Left Side)
        • Installation
        • Removal (Right Side)
      • Axle Shaft Oil Seals
        • Removal
        • Installation
    • Overhaul
      • Left Axle Shaft
        • Notes
        • Disassembly
        • Reassembly
      • Right Axle Shaft
        • Notes
        • Disassembly
        • Reassembly
    • Torque Specifications
• Electrical
  • Body Electrical
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C10)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C13)
        • Cental Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C14)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C15)
        • Cental Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C16)
        • Cental Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C17)
        • Cental Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C18)
        • Driver air bag module Connector End View (C30)
        • Passenger air bag module Connector End View (C31)
        • Inline Connector End View (C32)
        • Inline Connector End View (C41)
        • Inline Connector End View (C42)
        • Inline Connector End View (C43)
        • Inline Connector End View (C45)
        • Inline Connector End View (C46)
        • Inline Connector End View (C48)
        • Inline Connector End View (C50)
        • Inline Connector End View (C51a)
        • Inline Connector End View (C51b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C57)
        • Inline Connector End View (C58)
        • Inline Connector End View (C59)
        • Inline Connector End View (C61)
        • Inline Connector End View (C62)
        • Inline Connector End View (C63)
        • Inline Connector End View (C67)
        • Inline Connector End View (C70)
        • Inline Connector End View (C71)
        • Inline Connector End View (C72)
        • Inline Connector End View (C73)
        • Inline Connector End View (C74)
        • Inline Connector End View (C77)
        • Inline Connector End View (C80)
        • Inline Connector End View (C81)
        • Inline Connector End View (C86)
        • Inline Connector End View (C87)
        • Inline Connector End View (C90)
        • Inline Connector End View (C91)
        • Inline Connector End View (C92)
        • Inline Connector End View (C95)
        • Inline Connector End View (C96)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C101)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C102)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C103)
        • Inline Connector End View (C103)
        • Generic Electronic (Module (GEM) Connector End View (C104)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C105)
        • High mounted stop-lamp Connector End View (C107)
        • Starter motor Connector End View (C120)
        • Door lock motor driver side Connector End View (C148)
        • Door lock motor, passenger side Connector End View (C149)
        • Door lock motor driver side rear Connector End View (C150)
        • Door lock motor passenger side rear Connector End View (C151)
        • Data Link Connector (DLC) Connector End View (C200)
        • Engine cooling fan motor Connector End View (C201)
        • Second cooling fan motor Connector End View (C202)
        • Engine cooling fan resistor Connector End View (C203)
        • Fog lamp, left front Connector End View (C303)
        • Fog lamp, right front Connector End View (C305)
        • Inline Connector End View (C320)
        • Inline Connector End View (C376)
        • Heater control module Connector End View (C380)
        • Passive anti-theft transceiver module Connector End View (C390)
        • Powertrain control module PCM) Connector End View (C415)
        • Inline Connector End View (C420)
        • Air bag diagnostic monitor Connector End View (C423)
        • Air bag diagnostic monitor Connector End View (C424)
        • Passenger air bag module Connector End View (C425)
        • Passenger air bag module Connector End View (C426)
        • Lamp assembly, left rear Connector End View (C432)
        • Lamp assembly right rear Connector End View (C433)
        • Turn lamp, left rear Connector End View (C435)
        • Turn lamp, right rear Connector End View (C436)
        • Radio remote control switch Connector End View (C437)
        • Transmission range sensor Connector End View (C438)
        • Transmission hardware unit Connector End View (C439)
        • Wiper/washer switch Connector End View (C441)
        • Radio Connector End View (C442)
        • Radio Connector End View (C443)
        • Stoplamp switch Connector End View (C444)
        • Inline Connector End View (C445)
        • Lamp assembly, left rear Connector End View (C448)
        • Lamp assembly, right rear Connector End View (C449)
        • Ignition switch Connector End View (C456)
        • Hazard flasher switch Connector End View (C458)
        • Multifunction switch Connector End View (C459)
        • Heater blower switch Connector End View (C469)
        • Heater blower series resistor Connector End View (C470)
        • Window operating switch, driver side front (multiple) Connector End View (C486)
        • Window operating switch, driver side front (multiple) Connector End View (C487)
        • Window operating switch, driver side front (multiple) Connector End View (C488)
        • Window operating switch, driver side front (multiple) Connector End View (C489)
        • Window operating switch, left rear; Window operating switch, right rear Connector End View (C490)
        • Heater panel illumination lamp Connector End View (C493)
        • License plate lamp, left Connector End View (C494)
        • License plate lamp, left Connector End View (C495)
        • License plate lamp, right Connector End View (C496)
        • License plate lamp, right Connector End View (C497)
        • Moonroof adjust switch Connector End View (C522)
        • Moonroof unit Connector End View (C525)
        • Recirculation air actuator Connector End View (C538)
        • Inline Connector End View (C555)
        • Inline Connector End View (C556)
        • Power point Connector End View (C602)
        • Tailgate/decklid anti-theft inhibit switch Connector End View (C632)
        • Ignition coil Connector End View (C641)
        • Crankshaft position sensor Connector End View (C642)
        • Crankshaft position sensor Connector End View (C643)
        • Power steering pressure switch Connector End View (C644)
        • Ignition transformer capacitor Connector End View (C647)
        • Evaporative emission (EVAP) canister vent valve Connector End View (C681)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side front Connector End View (C684)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side front Connector End View (C685)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side rear Connector End View (C686)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side rear Connector End View (C687)
        • A/C compressor cycling switch Connector End View (C692)
        • Left front seat heater switch Connector End View (C694)
        • Right front seat heater switch Connector End View (C695)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C703)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C704)
        • Exhaust Pressure Transducer (EPT) sensor Connector End View (C705)
        • Seat adjust switch, driver side front Connector End View (C715)
        • Electronic Stability Program (ESP) switch Connector End View (C717)
        • Fuel pump driver module Connector End View (C731)
        • Fuel tank unit Connector End View (C732)
        • One-touch window relay Connector End View (C738)
        • Power mirror adjust switch Connector End View (C741)
        • Idle speed control valve Connector End View (C755)
        • Idle speed control valve Connector End View (C756)
        • Driver seat height motor Connector End View (C761)
        • Injector 1 Connector End View (C771)
        • Injector 2 Connector End View (C772)
        • Injector 3 Connector End View (C773)
        • Injector 4 Connector End View (C774)
        • Injector 1 Connector End View (C775)
        • Injector 2 Connector End View (C776)
        • Injector 3 Connector End View (C777)
        • Injector 4 Connector End View (C778)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor Connector End View (C779)
        • Electr. Vacuum Regulator (EVR) solenoid valve Connector End View (C780)
        • Window regulator motor, driver side front Connector End View (C782)
        • Window regulator motor, passenger side front Connector End View (C783)
        • Window regulator motor, LH side rear Connector End View (C784)
        • Inline Connector End View (C789)
        • Door lock/unlock switch, driver Connector End View (C794)
        • Door lock/unlock switch, passenger Connector End View (C795)
        • Liftgate/decklid switch Connector End View (C798)
        • Inline Connector End View (C799)
        • Inline Connector End View (C800)
        • Inline Connector End View (C803)
        • Inline Connector End View (C804)
        • Inline Connector End View (C807)
        • Inline Connector End View (C808)
        • Instrument cluster Connector End View (C809)
        • Brake fluid level switch Connector End View (C810)
        • Anti-theft horn Connector End View (C811)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left front Connector End View (C814)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left front Connector End View (C815)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left rear Connector End View (C816)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right rear Connector End View (C817)
        • Steering position sensor Connector End View (C818)
        • Luggage compartment lamp Connector End View (C820)
        • Primary brake pressure sensor Connector End View (C821)
        • Secondary brake pressure sensor Connector End View (C822)
        • Brake pedal position switch Connector End View (C824)
        • Clutch pedal position switch Connector End View (C825)
        • Yaw velocity sensor Connector End View (C826)
        • Two-way washer pump motor Connector End View (C828)
        • Vacuum brake booster Connector End View (C829)
        • Electronic Stability Program (ESP) module Connector End View (C830)
        • Speed control module Connector End View (C831)
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Connector End View (C832)
        • Headlamp, right Connector End View (C834)
        • Headlamp, left Connector End View (C835)
        • High intensity discharge headlamp, LH side Connector End View (C836)
        • Park/turn amp, RH side font Connector End View (C836)
        • High intensity discharge headlamp, RH side Connector End View (C837)
        • Side turn signal lamp, right Connector End View (C838)
        • Side turn signal lamp, left Connector End View (C839)
        • ABS control module Connector End View (C840)
        • Windshield wiper motor Connector End View (C849)
        • Instrument cluster Connector End View (C852)
        • Inline Connector End View (C853)
        • Park/Neutral Position (PNP) switch Connector End View (C864)
        • Generator Connector End View (C870)
        • Dual pressure switch Connector End View (C882)
        • Cargo space lamp Connector End View (C887)
        • Cargo, space lamp Connector End View (C888)
        • Interior lamp, font Connector End View (C890)
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor Connector End View (C894)
        • Clock spring Connector End View (C896)
        • Engine compartment switch Connector End View (C897)
        • Interior lamp, front Connector End View (C899)
        • EVAP canister purge valve Connector End View (C900)
        • Knock sensor Connector End View (C901)
        • Knock sensor Connector End View (C903)
        • Cylinder-head temperature sensor Connector End View (C904)
        • Cigar lighter, front Connector End View (C911)
        • Cigar lighter, front Connector End View (C912)
        • Turbine Shaft Speed (TSS) sensor Connector End View (C928)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) sensor Connector End View (C929)
        • Park brake switch Connector End View (C930)
        • Gearshift lever unit Connector End View (C931)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) switch Connector End View (C933)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 Connector End View (C934)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 Connector End View (C935)
        • Start inhibit switch Connector End View (C936)
        • Speaker, left front Connector End View (C937)
        • Speaker, right front Connector End View (C938)
        • Speaker, left rear Connector End View (C939)
        • Speaker, right rear Connector End View (C940)
        • Rear window defrost grid Connector End View (C946)
        • Rear window defrost grid Connector End View (C947)
        • Rear window defrost grid Connector End View (C949)
        • Rear window defrost grid Connector End View (C950)
        • Rear window defrost grid Connector End View (C951)
        • Oil pressure switch Connector End View (C954)
        • A/C Compressor clutch Connector End View (C957)
        • Inlet Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) module Connector End View (C960)
        • Inlet Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) module Connector End View (C961)
        • Fuel rail pressure transducer sensor Connector End View (C962)
        • Fuel rail pressure transducer sensor Connector End View (C963)
        • Fuel tank pressure transducer sensor Connector End View (C964)
        • Rear window wiper motor Connector End View (C971)
        • A/C compressor clutch diode Connector End View (C972)
        • Ice warning sensor Connector End View (C974)
        • Barometric Absolute Pressure (BAP) sensor Connector End View (C975)
        • Second horn Connector End View (C981)
        • Horn Connector End View (C982)
        • Subwoofer amplifier Connector End View (C990)
        • Ignition relay Connector End View (C1001)
        • High beam relay Connector End View (C1005)
        • Low beam relay Connector End View (C1006)
        • Fuel pump relay Connector End View (C1007)
        • Power hold relay Connector End View (C1008)
        • A/C Wide Open Throttle (WOT) relay Connector End View (C1011)
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) relay Connector End View (C1012)
        • Fog amp relay Connector End View (C1013)
        • Stoplamp relay Connector End View (C1014)
        • Engine cooling fan relay Connector End View (C1015)
        • High speed engine cooling fan relay Connector End View (C1016)
        • Starter relay Connector End View (C1017)
        • Rear wiper relay Connector End View (C1018)
        • Windshield wiper relay Connector End View (C1019)
        • Horn relay Connector End View (C1023)
        • Battery saver relay Connector End View (C1024)
        • Rear window defrost relay Connector End View (C1025)
  • Charging Systems
    • Charging System - Generators & Regulators
      • Description
      • Adjustments
        • Belt Tension
      • Trouble Shooting
      • On-Vehicle Testing
        • Generator Load Test
        • Generator No-Load Test
      • Self-Diagnostic System
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Warning Indicator On With Engine Running
        • Test B: Radio Interference
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Generator
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation (2.0L Zetec-E)
          • Removal & Installation (2.0L SPI)
          • Removal & Installation (2.3L PZEV)
      • Generator Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • 2002
        • 2003
        • 2004
  • Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Imported Cars & Trucks
        • ACURA
        • AUDI
        • BENTLEY
        • BMW
        • DAIHATSU
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • FERRARI
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • HONDA
        • HYUNDAI
        • INFINITI
        • ISUZU
        • Jaguar
        • KIA
        • Land Rover
        • LEXUS
        • MAZDA
        • MERCEDES-BENZ
        • MITSUBISHI
        • NISSAN
        • PEUGEOT
        • PORSCHE
        • RENAULT
        • Rolls-ROYCE
        • SAAB
        • SUBARU
        • SUZUKI
        • TOYOTA
        • VOLKSWAGEN
        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
      • Grounds
      • Splices
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fuses & Circuit Breakers
    • Identification
      • Notes
      • Battery Junction Box
      • Central Junction Box
  • Gauges
    • Analog Instrument Panels
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Programming
        • Module Configuration
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Self-Diagnostic Test
        • Instrument Cluster Test Mode
        • Symptom Diagnosis
      • Symptom Tests
        • Test A: No Communication With Instrument Cluster
        • Test B: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
        • Test C: Odometer Is Inoperative
        • Test D: Inaccurate Mph Reading
        • Test E: Incorrect Rpm Indication
        • Test F: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
        • Test G: Incorrect Oil Temperature Gauge Indication
        • Test H: Incorrect Oil Pressure Gauge Indication
        • Test I: Air Bag Warning Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test J: Abs Warning Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test K: Brake Warning Indicator Is Never On
        • Test L: Brake Warning Indicator Is Always On
        • Test M: Low Fuel Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
        • Test N: Engine Oil Pressure Warning Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test O: Engine Oil Pressure Warning Indicator Is Always On
        • Test P: Charge System Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
        • Test Q: Malfunction Indicator Light/Powertrain Malfunction Indicator Light Is Inoperative/Always On
        • Test R: Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly (Chime Is Operative)
        • Test S: Turn Signal/Hazard Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test T: High Beam Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test U: Shift Up Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On (Except SVT)
        • Test V: Door Ajar Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On
        • Test W: The Traction Control Indicator Is Never/Always On
        • Test X: Cruise Control Indicator Is Never/Always On
        • Test Y: Check Fuel Cap Indicator Is Never/Always On
      • Removal & Installation
        • Auxiliary Instrument Cluster
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (2.0L Duratec SVT)
          • Removal & Installation (All Others)
        • Instrument Panel
          • Removal & Installation
        • Center Console
          • Removal & Installation (Automatic Transaxle)
          • Removal & Installation (Manual Transaxle)
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Motors, Switches, Relays
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C10)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C13)
        • Cental Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C14)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C15)
        • Cental Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C16)
        • Cental Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C17)
        • Cental Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C18)
        • Driver air bag module Connector End View (C30)
        • Passenger air bag module Connector End View (C31)
        • Inline Connector End View (C32)
        • Inline Connector End View (C41)
        • Inline Connector End View (C42)
        • Inline Connector End View (C43)
        • Inline Connector End View (C45)
        • Inline Connector End View (C46)
        • Inline Connector End View (C48)
        • Inline Connector End View (C50)
        • Inline Connector End View (C51a)
        • Inline Connector End View (C51b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C57)
        • Inline Connector End View (C58)
        • Inline Connector End View (C59)
        • Inline Connector End View (C61)
        • Inline Connector End View (C62)
        • Inline Connector End View (C63)
        • Inline Connector End View (C67)
        • Inline Connector End View (C70)
        • Inline Connector End View (C71)
        • Inline Connector End View (C72)
        • Inline Connector End View (C73)
        • Inline Connector End View (C74)
        • Inline Connector End View (C77)
        • Inline Connector End View (C80)
        • Inline Connector End View (C81)
        • Inline Connector End View (C86)
        • Inline Connector End View (C87)
        • Inline Connector End View (C90)
        • Inline Connector End View (C91)
        • Inline Connector End View (C92)
        • Inline Connector End View (C95)
        • Inline Connector End View (C96)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C101)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C102)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C103)
        • Inline Connector End View (C103)
        • Generic Electronic (Module (GEM) Connector End View (C104)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C105)
        • High mounted stop-lamp Connector End View (C107)
        • Starter motor Connector End View (C120)
        • Door lock motor driver side Connector End View (C148)
        • Door lock motor, passenger side Connector End View (C149)
        • Door lock motor driver side rear Connector End View (C150)
        • Door lock motor passenger side rear Connector End View (C151)
        • Data Link Connector (DLC) Connector End View (C200)
        • Engine cooling fan motor Connector End View (C201)
        • Second cooling fan motor Connector End View (C202)
        • Engine cooling fan resistor Connector End View (C203)
        • Fog lamp, left front Connector End View (C303)
        • Fog lamp, right front Connector End View (C305)
        • Inline Connector End View (C320)
        • Inline Connector End View (C376)
        • Heater control module Connector End View (C380)
        • Passive anti-theft transceiver module Connector End View (C390)
        • Powertrain control module PCM) Connector End View (C415)
        • Inline Connector End View (C420)
        • Air bag diagnostic monitor Connector End View (C423)
        • Air bag diagnostic monitor Connector End View (C424)
        • Passenger air bag module Connector End View (C425)
        • Passenger air bag module Connector End View (C426)
        • Lamp assembly, left rear Connector End View (C432)
        • Lamp assembly right rear Connector End View (C433)
        • Turn lamp, left rear Connector End View (C435)
        • Turn lamp, right rear Connector End View (C436)
        • Radio remote control switch Connector End View (C437)
        • Transmission range sensor Connector End View (C438)
        • Transmission hardware unit Connector End View (C439)
        • Wiper/washer switch Connector End View (C441)
        • Radio Connector End View (C442)
        • Radio Connector End View (C443)
        • Stoplamp switch Connector End View (C444)
        • Inline Connector End View (C445)
        • Lamp assembly, left rear Connector End View (C448)
        • Lamp assembly, right rear Connector End View (C449)
        • Ignition switch Connector End View (C456)
        • Hazard flasher switch Connector End View (C458)
        • Multifunction switch Connector End View (C459)
        • Heater blower switch Connector End View (C469)
        • Heater blower series resistor Connector End View (C470)
        • Window operating switch, driver side front (multiple) Connector End View (C486)
        • Window operating switch, driver side front (multiple) Connector End View (C487)
        • Window operating switch, driver side front (multiple) Connector End View (C488)
        • Window operating switch, driver side front (multiple) Connector End View (C489)
        • Window operating switch, left rear; Window operating switch, right rear Connector End View (C490)
        • Heater panel illumination lamp Connector End View (C493)
        • License plate lamp, left Connector End View (C494)
        • License plate lamp, left Connector End View (C495)
        • License plate lamp, right Connector End View (C496)
        • License plate lamp, right Connector End View (C497)
        • Moonroof adjust switch Connector End View (C522)
        • Moonroof unit Connector End View (C525)
        • Recirculation air actuator Connector End View (C538)
        • Inline Connector End View (C555)
        • Inline Connector End View (C556)
        • Power point Connector End View (C602)
        • Tailgate/decklid anti-theft inhibit switch Connector End View (C632)
        • Ignition coil Connector End View (C641)
        • Crankshaft position sensor Connector End View (C642)
        • Crankshaft position sensor Connector End View (C643)
        • Power steering pressure switch Connector End View (C644)
        • Ignition transformer capacitor Connector End View (C647)
        • Evaporative emission (EVAP) canister vent valve Connector End View (C681)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side front Connector End View (C684)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side front Connector End View (C685)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side rear Connector End View (C686)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side rear Connector End View (C687)
        • A/C compressor cycling switch Connector End View (C692)
        • Left front seat heater switch Connector End View (C694)
        • Right front seat heater switch Connector End View (C695)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C703)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C704)
        • Exhaust Pressure Transducer (EPT) sensor Connector End View (C705)
        • Seat adjust switch, driver side front Connector End View (C715)
        • Electronic Stability Program (ESP) switch Connector End View (C717)
        • Fuel pump driver module Connector End View (C731)
        • Fuel tank unit Connector End View (C732)
        • One-touch window relay Connector End View (C738)
        • Power mirror adjust switch Connector End View (C741)
        • Idle speed control valve Connector End View (C755)
        • Idle speed control valve Connector End View (C756)
        • Driver seat height motor Connector End View (C761)
        • Injector 1 Connector End View (C771)
        • Injector 2 Connector End View (C772)
        • Injector 3 Connector End View (C773)
        • Injector 4 Connector End View (C774)
        • Injector 1 Connector End View (C775)
        • Injector 2 Connector End View (C776)
        • Injector 3 Connector End View (C777)
        • Injector 4 Connector End View (C778)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor Connector End View (C779)
        • Electr. Vacuum Regulator (EVR) solenoid valve Connector End View (C780)
        • Window regulator motor, driver side front Connector End View (C782)
        • Window regulator motor, passenger side front Connector End View (C783)
        • Window regulator motor, LH side rear Connector End View (C784)
        • Inline Connector End View (C789)
        • Door lock/unlock switch, driver Connector End View (C794)
        • Door lock/unlock switch, passenger Connector End View (C795)
        • Liftgate/decklid switch Connector End View (C798)
        • Inline Connector End View (C799)
        • Inline Connector End View (C800)
        • Inline Connector End View (C803)
        • Inline Connector End View (C804)
        • Inline Connector End View (C807)
        • Inline Connector End View (C808)
        • Instrument cluster Connector End View (C809)
        • Brake fluid level switch Connector End View (C810)
        • Anti-theft horn Connector End View (C811)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left front Connector End View (C814)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left front Connector End View (C815)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left rear Connector End View (C816)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right rear Connector End View (C817)
        • Steering position sensor Connector End View (C818)
        • Luggage compartment lamp Connector End View (C820)
        • Primary brake pressure sensor Connector End View (C821)
        • Secondary brake pressure sensor Connector End View (C822)
        • Brake pedal position switch Connector End View (C824)
        • Clutch pedal position switch Connector End View (C825)
        • Yaw velocity sensor Connector End View (C826)
        • Two-way washer pump motor Connector End View (C828)
        • Vacuum brake booster Connector End View (C829)
        • Electronic Stability Program (ESP) module Connector End View (C830)
        • Speed control module Connector End View (C831)
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Connector End View (C832)
        • Headlamp, right Connector End View (C834)
        • Headlamp, left Connector End View (C835)
        • High intensity discharge headlamp, LH side Connector End View (C836)
        • Park/turn amp, RH side font Connector End View (C836)
        • High intensity discharge headlamp, RH side Connector End View (C837)
        • Side turn signal lamp, right Connector End View (C838)
        • Side turn signal lamp, left Connector End View (C839)
        • ABS control module Connector End View (C840)
        • Windshield wiper motor Connector End View (C849)
        • Instrument cluster Connector End View (C852)
        • Inline Connector End View (C853)
        • Park/Neutral Position (PNP) switch Connector End View (C864)
        • Generator Connector End View (C870)
        • Dual pressure switch Connector End View (C882)
        • Cargo space lamp Connector End View (C887)
        • Cargo, space lamp Connector End View (C888)
        • Interior lamp, font Connector End View (C890)
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor Connector End View (C894)
        • Clock spring Connector End View (C896)
        • Engine compartment switch Connector End View (C897)
        • Interior lamp, front Connector End View (C899)
        • EVAP canister purge valve Connector End View (C900)
        • Knock sensor Connector End View (C901)
        • Knock sensor Connector End View (C903)
        • Cylinder-head temperature sensor Connector End View (C904)
        • Cigar lighter, front Connector End View (C911)
        • Cigar lighter, front Connector End View (C912)
        • Turbine Shaft Speed (TSS) sensor Connector End View (C928)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) sensor Connector End View (C929)
        • Park brake switch Connector End View (C930)
        • Gearshift lever unit Connector End View (C931)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) switch Connector End View (C933)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 Connector End View (C934)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 Connector End View (C935)
        • Start inhibit switch Connector End View (C936)
        • Speaker, left front Connector End View (C937)
        • Speaker, right front Connector End View (C938)
        • Speaker, left rear Connector End View (C939)
        • Speaker, right rear Connector End View (C940)
        • Rear window defrost grid Connector End View (C946)
        • Rear window defrost grid Connector End View (C947)
        • Rear window defrost grid Connector End View (C949)
        • Rear window defrost grid Connector End View (C950)
        • Rear window defrost grid Connector End View (C951)
        • Oil pressure switch Connector End View (C954)
        • A/C Compressor clutch Connector End View (C957)
        • Inlet Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) module Connector End View (C960)
        • Inlet Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) module Connector End View (C961)
        • Fuel rail pressure transducer sensor Connector End View (C962)
        • Fuel rail pressure transducer sensor Connector End View (C963)
        • Fuel tank pressure transducer sensor Connector End View (C964)
        • Rear window wiper motor Connector End View (C971)
        • A/C compressor clutch diode Connector End View (C972)
        • Ice warning sensor Connector End View (C974)
        • Barometric Absolute Pressure (BAP) sensor Connector End View (C975)
        • Second horn Connector End View (C981)
        • Horn Connector End View (C982)
        • Subwoofer amplifier Connector End View (C990)
        • Ignition relay Connector End View (C1001)
        • High beam relay Connector End View (C1005)
        • Low beam relay Connector End View (C1006)
        • Fuel pump relay Connector End View (C1007)
        • Power hold relay Connector End View (C1008)
        • A/C Wide Open Throttle (WOT) relay Connector End View (C1011)
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) relay Connector End View (C1012)
        • Fog amp relay Connector End View (C1013)
        • Stoplamp relay Connector End View (C1014)
        • Engine cooling fan relay Connector End View (C1015)
        • High speed engine cooling fan relay Connector End View (C1016)
        • Starter relay Connector End View (C1017)
        • Rear wiper relay Connector End View (C1018)
        • Windshield wiper relay Connector End View (C1019)
        • Horn relay Connector End View (C1023)
        • Battery saver relay Connector End View (C1024)
        • Rear window defrost relay Connector End View (C1025)
  • Starter
    • Starting System
      • Description
      • Component Locations
      • Adjustments
        • Transmission Range Sensor
      • Trouble Shooting
      • On-Vehicle Testing
        • Voltage Drop Test
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Starter Does Not Crank But Relay Clicks
        • Test B: Starter Does Not Crank & Relay Does Not Click
        • Test C: Starter Cranks Slowly
      • Bench Tests
        • Starter No-Load Test
      • Component Tests
        • Starter Relay
      • Removal & Installation
        • Starter Motor
          • Removal (2.0L Duratec-ST (Zetec))
          • Installation (2.0L Duratec-ST (Zetec))
          • Removal (2.0L Zetec-E (Zetec))
          • Installation (2.0L Zetec-E (Zetec))
          • Removal (2.0L SPI)
          • Installation (2.0L SPI)
      • Starter Motor Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C10)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C13)
        • Cental Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C14)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C15)
        • Cental Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C16)
        • Cental Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C17)
        • Cental Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C18)
        • Driver air bag module Connector End View (C30)
        • Passenger air bag module Connector End View (C31)
        • Inline Connector End View (C32)
        • Inline Connector End View (C41)
        • Inline Connector End View (C42)
        • Inline Connector End View (C43)
        • Inline Connector End View (C45)
        • Inline Connector End View (C46)
        • Inline Connector End View (C48)
        • Inline Connector End View (C50)
        • Inline Connector End View (C51a)
        • Inline Connector End View (C51b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C57)
        • Inline Connector End View (C58)
        • Inline Connector End View (C59)
        • Inline Connector End View (C61)
        • Inline Connector End View (C62)
        • Inline Connector End View (C63)
        • Inline Connector End View (C67)
        • Inline Connector End View (C70)
        • Inline Connector End View (C71)
        • Inline Connector End View (C72)
        • Inline Connector End View (C73)
        • Inline Connector End View (C74)
        • Inline Connector End View (C77)
        • Inline Connector End View (C80)
        • Inline Connector End View (C81)
        • Inline Connector End View (C86)
        • Inline Connector End View (C87)
        • Inline Connector End View (C90)
        • Inline Connector End View (C91)
        • Inline Connector End View (C92)
        • Inline Connector End View (C95)
        • Inline Connector End View (C96)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C101)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C102)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C103)
        • Inline Connector End View (C103)
        • Generic Electronic (Module (GEM) Connector End View (C104)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C105)
        • High mounted stop-lamp Connector End View (C107)
        • Starter motor Connector End View (C120)
        • Door lock motor driver side Connector End View (C148)
        • Door lock motor, passenger side Connector End View (C149)
        • Door lock motor driver side rear Connector End View (C150)
        • Door lock motor passenger side rear Connector End View (C151)
        • Data Link Connector (DLC) Connector End View (C200)
        • Engine cooling fan motor Connector End View (C201)
        • Second cooling fan motor Connector End View (C202)
        • Engine cooling fan resistor Connector End View (C203)
        • Fog lamp, left front Connector End View (C303)
        • Fog lamp, right front Connector End View (C305)
        • Inline Connector End View (C320)
        • Inline Connector End View (C376)
        • Heater control module Connector End View (C380)
        • Passive anti-theft transceiver module Connector End View (C390)
        • Powertrain control module PCM) Connector End View (C415)
        • Inline Connector End View (C420)
        • Air bag diagnostic monitor Connector End View (C423)
        • Air bag diagnostic monitor Connector End View (C424)
        • Passenger air bag module Connector End View (C425)
        • Passenger air bag module Connector End View (C426)
        • Lamp assembly, left rear Connector End View (C432)
        • Lamp assembly right rear Connector End View (C433)
        • Turn lamp, left rear Connector End View (C435)
        • Turn lamp, right rear Connector End View (C436)
        • Radio remote control switch Connector End View (C437)
        • Transmission range sensor Connector End View (C438)
        • Transmission hardware unit Connector End View (C439)
        • Wiper/washer switch Connector End View (C441)
        • Radio Connector End View (C442)
        • Radio Connector End View (C443)
        • Stoplamp switch Connector End View (C444)
        • Inline Connector End View (C445)
        • Lamp assembly, left rear Connector End View (C448)
        • Lamp assembly, right rear Connector End View (C449)
        • Ignition switch Connector End View (C456)
        • Hazard flasher switch Connector End View (C458)
        • Multifunction switch Connector End View (C459)
        • Heater blower switch Connector End View (C469)
        • Heater blower series resistor Connector End View (C470)
        • Window operating switch, driver side front (multiple) Connector End View (C486)
        • Window operating switch, driver side front (multiple) Connector End View (C487)
        • Window operating switch, driver side front (multiple) Connector End View (C488)
        • Window operating switch, driver side front (multiple) Connector End View (C489)
        • Window operating switch, left rear; Window operating switch, right rear Connector End View (C490)
        • Heater panel illumination lamp Connector End View (C493)
        • License plate lamp, left Connector End View (C494)
        • License plate lamp, left Connector End View (C495)
        • License plate lamp, right Connector End View (C496)
        • License plate lamp, right Connector End View (C497)
        • Moonroof adjust switch Connector End View (C522)
        • Moonroof unit Connector End View (C525)
        • Recirculation air actuator Connector End View (C538)
        • Inline Connector End View (C555)
        • Inline Connector End View (C556)
        • Power point Connector End View (C602)
        • Tailgate/decklid anti-theft inhibit switch Connector End View (C632)
        • Ignition coil Connector End View (C641)
        • Crankshaft position sensor Connector End View (C642)
        • Crankshaft position sensor Connector End View (C643)
        • Power steering pressure switch Connector End View (C644)
        • Ignition transformer capacitor Connector End View (C647)
        • Evaporative emission (EVAP) canister vent valve Connector End View (C681)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side front Connector End View (C684)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side front Connector End View (C685)
        • Door ajar switch, passenger side rear Connector End View (C686)
        • Door ajar switch, driver side rear Connector End View (C687)
        • A/C compressor cycling switch Connector End View (C692)
        • Left front seat heater switch Connector End View (C694)
        • Right front seat heater switch Connector End View (C695)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C703)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C704)
        • Exhaust Pressure Transducer (EPT) sensor Connector End View (C705)
        • Seat adjust switch, driver side front Connector End View (C715)
        • Electronic Stability Program (ESP) switch Connector End View (C717)
        • Fuel pump driver module Connector End View (C731)
        • Fuel tank unit Connector End View (C732)
        • One-touch window relay Connector End View (C738)
        • Power mirror adjust switch Connector End View (C741)
        • Idle speed control valve Connector End View (C755)
        • Idle speed control valve Connector End View (C756)
        • Driver seat height motor Connector End View (C761)
        • Injector 1 Connector End View (C771)
        • Injector 2 Connector End View (C772)
        • Injector 3 Connector End View (C773)
        • Injector 4 Connector End View (C774)
        • Injector 1 Connector End View (C775)
        • Injector 2 Connector End View (C776)
        • Injector 3 Connector End View (C777)
        • Injector 4 Connector End View (C778)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor Connector End View (C779)
        • Electr. Vacuum Regulator (EVR) solenoid valve Connector End View (C780)
        • Window regulator motor, driver side front Connector End View (C782)
        • Window regulator motor, passenger side front Connector End View (C783)
        • Window regulator motor, LH side rear Connector End View (C784)
        • Inline Connector End View (C789)
        • Door lock/unlock switch, driver Connector End View (C794)
        • Door lock/unlock switch, passenger Connector End View (C795)
        • Liftgate/decklid switch Connector End View (C798)
        • Inline Connector End View (C799)
        • Inline Connector End View (C800)
        • Inline Connector End View (C803)
        • Inline Connector End View (C804)
        • Inline Connector End View (C807)
        • Inline Connector End View (C808)
        • Instrument cluster Connector End View (C809)
        • Brake fluid level switch Connector End View (C810)
        • Anti-theft horn Connector End View (C811)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left front Connector End View (C814)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left front Connector End View (C815)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left rear Connector End View (C816)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right rear Connector End View (C817)
        • Steering position sensor Connector End View (C818)
        • Luggage compartment lamp Connector End View (C820)
        • Primary brake pressure sensor Connector End View (C821)
        • Secondary brake pressure sensor Connector End View (C822)
        • Brake pedal position switch Connector End View (C824)
        • Clutch pedal position switch Connector End View (C825)
        • Yaw velocity sensor Connector End View (C826)
        • Two-way washer pump motor Connector End View (C828)
        • Vacuum brake booster Connector End View (C829)
        • Electronic Stability Program (ESP) module Connector End View (C830)
        • Speed control module Connector End View (C831)
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Connector End View (C832)
        • Headlamp, right Connector End View (C834)
        • Headlamp, left Connector End View (C835)
        • High intensity discharge headlamp, LH side Connector End View (C836)
        • Park/turn amp, RH side font Connector End View (C836)
        • High intensity discharge headlamp, RH side Connector End View (C837)
        • Side turn signal lamp, right Connector End View (C838)
        • Side turn signal lamp, left Connector End View (C839)
        • ABS control module Connector End View (C840)
        • Windshield wiper motor Connector End View (C849)
        • Instrument cluster Connector End View (C852)
        • Inline Connector End View (C853)
        • Park/Neutral Position (PNP) switch Connector End View (C864)
        • Generator Connector End View (C870)
        • Dual pressure switch Connector End View (C882)
        • Cargo space lamp Connector End View (C887)
        • Cargo, space lamp Connector End View (C888)
        • Interior lamp, font Connector End View (C890)
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor Connector End View (C894)
        • Clock spring Connector End View (C896)
        • Engine compartment switch Connector End View (C897)
        • Interior lamp, front Connector End View (C899)
        • EVAP canister purge valve Connector End View (C900)
        • Knock sensor Connector End View (C901)
        • Knock sensor Connector End View (C903)
        • Cylinder-head temperature sensor Connector End View (C904)
        • Cigar lighter, front Connector End View (C911)
        • Cigar lighter, front Connector End View (C912)
        • Turbine Shaft Speed (TSS) sensor Connector End View (C928)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) sensor Connector End View (C929)
        • Park brake switch Connector End View (C930)
        • Gearshift lever unit Connector End View (C931)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) switch Connector End View (C933)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 Connector End View (C934)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 Connector End View (C935)
        • Start inhibit switch Connector End View (C936)
        • Speaker, left front Connector End View (C937)
        • Speaker, right front Connector End View (C938)
        • Speaker, left rear Connector End View (C939)
        • Speaker, right rear Connector End View (C940)
        • Rear window defrost grid Connector End View (C946)
        • Rear window defrost grid Connector End View (C947)
        • Rear window defrost grid Connector End View (C949)
        • Rear window defrost grid Connector End View (C950)
        • Rear window defrost grid Connector End View (C951)
        • Oil pressure switch Connector End View (C954)
        • A/C Compressor clutch Connector End View (C957)
        • Inlet Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) module Connector End View (C960)
        • Inlet Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) module Connector End View (C961)
        • Fuel rail pressure transducer sensor Connector End View (C962)
        • Fuel rail pressure transducer sensor Connector End View (C963)
        • Fuel tank pressure transducer sensor Connector End View (C964)
        • Rear window wiper motor Connector End View (C971)
        • A/C compressor clutch diode Connector End View (C972)
        • Ice warning sensor Connector End View (C974)
        • Barometric Absolute Pressure (BAP) sensor Connector End View (C975)
        • Second horn Connector End View (C981)
        • Horn Connector End View (C982)
        • Subwoofer amplifier Connector End View (C990)
        • Ignition relay Connector End View (C1001)
        • High beam relay Connector End View (C1005)
        • Low beam relay Connector End View (C1006)
        • Fuel pump relay Connector End View (C1007)
        • Power hold relay Connector End View (C1008)
        • A/C Wide Open Throttle (WOT) relay Connector End View (C1011)
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) relay Connector End View (C1012)
        • Fog amp relay Connector End View (C1013)
        • Stoplamp relay Connector End View (C1014)
        • Engine cooling fan relay Connector End View (C1015)
        • High speed engine cooling fan relay Connector End View (C1016)
        • Starter relay Connector End View (C1017)
        • Rear wiper relay Connector End View (C1018)
        • Windshield wiper relay Connector End View (C1019)
        • Horn relay Connector End View (C1023)
        • Battery saver relay Connector End View (C1024)
        • Rear window defrost relay Connector End View (C1025)
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Body Control Modules
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cooling Fan
      • Cruise Control
      • Defoggers
      • Engine Performance
        • 2.0L
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Seats
      • Power Top/Sunroof
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlock
      • Starting/Charging
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
      • Trunk, Tailgate, Fuel Door
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Engine Mechanical
  • Accessory Drive Belts
    • Accessory Drive Belt
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Accessory Drive Belt Routing And Component Identification
          • 2.0L SPI With Air Conditioning
          • 2.0L SPI Without Air Conditioning
          • 2.0L Zetec-E Engines With Air Conditioning
          • 2.0L Zetec-E Engines Without Air Conditioning
          • Belt Tensioner
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Accessory Drive
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
            • Belt Tensioner - Mechanical
            • Belt Tensioner - Dynamic
      • Removal And Installation
        • Accessory Drive Belt - 2.0L Zetec
          • Removal and Installation
          • Installation
        • Accessory Drive Belt - 2.0L SPI
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Accessory Drive Belt Tensioner - 2.0L Zetec
          • Removal and Installation
          • Installation
        • Accessory Drive Belt Tensioner - 2.0L SPI
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Cooling System Specifications & Drive Belt Routing
      • Bleeding
        • Cooling System
          • Notes
          • Except LS
          • LS
      • Drive Belt Adjustment
      • Drive Belt Routing
        • Notes
        • Continental
        • Cougar
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Cougar - 2.0L VIN 3)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Cougar - 2.5L)
        • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Town Car
        • Escort
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Escort & ZX2 - 2.0L VIN 3)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Escort - 2.0L VIN P)
        • Focus
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Focus - 2.0L VIN 3)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Focus - 2.0L VIN P)
        • LS (3.0L)
        • LS & THUNDERBIRD (3.9L)
        • Mustang
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Mustang - 3.8L)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Mustang - 4.6L)
        • Sable & TAURUS
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Sable & Taurus - 3.0L VIN S)
          • Water Pump Routing (Sable & Taurus - 3.0L VIN S) With Tensioner
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Sable & Taurus - 3.0L VIN U)
      • Coolant Replacement Intervals
      • Cooling System Specifications
        • Continental
        • Cougar
        • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Town Car
        • Escort
        • Focus
        • LS & THUNDERBIRD
        • Mustang
        • Sable & TAURUS
  • Auxiliary Emission Control Systems
    • Emission Control System Visual Inspection Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Emission Control Labels
      • Emission Control Visual Inspection
        • Notes
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV)
        • Thermostatic Air Cleaner (TAC)
        • Fuel Evaporative System (EVAP)
        • Catalytic Converters
          • Oxidation Catalyst (OC)
          • Three-Way Catalyst (TWC)
          • Three-Way Catalyst + Oxidation Catalyst (TWC + OC)
        • Fill Pipe RESTRICTOR (Fr)
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) System
          • Single Diaphragm EGR Valve
          • Dual Diaphragm EGR Valve
          • Positive Backpressure EGR (BP/EGR) Valve
          • Negative Backpressure EGR (BP/EGR) Valve
          • Digital EGR Valve
          • Integrated Electronic EGR Valve
        • Spark Controls (SPK)
        • Air Injection System (AIS)
          • Air Pump Injection System (AP)
          • Pulsed Secondary Air Injection (PAIR) System
        • Oxygen Sensor (O2)
        • Computerized Engine Controls (CEC)
        • Early Fuel Evaporation (EFE)
        • Emission Maintenance Reminder Light (EMR) (If Equipped)
        • Malfunction Indicator Light (Mil)
  • Engine Cooling Fan - Focus
    • Description & Operation
      • Without A/C
      • SVT Or With A/C
    • Component Locations
    • Trouble Shooting
      • Notes
      • Preliminary Inspection
    • Diagnostic System
    • Removal & Installation
      • Fan Assembly
        • Removal & Installation
    • Wiring Diagrams
  • Cooling System (Mechanical)
    • Accessory Drive Belt
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Accessory Drive Belt Routing And Component Identification
          • 2.0L SPI With Air Conditioning
          • 2.0L SPI Without Air Conditioning
          • 2.0L Zetec-E Engines With Air Conditioning
          • 2.0L Zetec-E Engines Without Air Conditioning
          • Belt Tensioner
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Accessory Drive
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
            • Belt Tensioner - Mechanical
            • Belt Tensioner - Dynamic
      • Removal And Installation
        • Accessory Drive Belt - 2.0L Zetec
          • Removal and Installation
          • Installation
        • Accessory Drive Belt - 2.0L SPI
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Accessory Drive Belt Tensioner - 2.0L Zetec
          • Removal and Installation
          • Installation
        • Accessory Drive Belt Tensioner - 2.0L SPI
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Cooling System Specifications & Drive Belt Routing
      • Bleeding
        • Cooling System
          • Notes
          • Except LS
          • LS
      • Drive Belt Adjustment
      • Drive Belt Routing
        • Notes
        • Continental
        • Cougar
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Cougar - 2.0L VIN 3)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Cougar - 2.5L)
        • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Town Car
        • Escort
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Escort & ZX2 - 2.0L VIN 3)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Escort - 2.0L VIN P)
        • Focus
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Focus - 2.0L VIN 3)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Focus - 2.0L VIN P)
        • LS (3.0L)
        • LS & THUNDERBIRD (3.9L)
        • Mustang
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Mustang - 3.8L)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Mustang - 4.6L)
        • Sable & TAURUS
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Sable & Taurus - 3.0L VIN S)
          • Water Pump Routing (Sable & Taurus - 3.0L VIN S) With Tensioner
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Sable & Taurus - 3.0L VIN U)
      • Coolant Replacement Intervals
      • Cooling System Specifications
        • Continental
        • Cougar
        • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Town Car
        • Escort
        • Focus
        • LS & THUNDERBIRD
        • Mustang
        • Sable & TAURUS
    • Engine Cooling System
      • Specifications
        • Lubricants, Fluids, Sealers and Adhesives
        • Antifreeze
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine Cooling
          • 2.0L Zetec-E engine
          • 2.0L SPI engine
          • All vehicles
          • Engine Coolant
          • Changing Coolant
          • Fail - Safe Cooling (Zetec-E only)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine Cooling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • General Equipment
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
            • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Engine Overheats
          • Component Tests
            • Pressure Test
            • Radiator Leak Test, Removed From the Vehicle
            • Coolant Expansion Tank Cap Pressure Test
            • Thermostat, Electrical
            • Thermostat Test
      • General Procedures
        • Cooling System Draining, Filling and Bleeding
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Draining
          • Filling and bleeding using Radkitplus
          • Filling and bleeding without using Radkitplus
            • Notes
            • Vehicles with 2.0L SPI or 2.0L Zetec-E (Zetec) engine
        • Cooling System Flushing
        • Cooling System Backflushing
      • Removal And Installation
        • Thermostat - 2.0L Zetec-E (Zetec)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Thermostat - 2.0L SPI
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Thermostat - 2.0L Duratec-ST (Zetec)
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Thermostat Housing - 2.0L Zetec-E (Zetec)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Thermostat Housing - 2.0L SPI
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Thermostat Housing - 2.0L Duratec-ST (Zetec)
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Water Pump - 2.0L Zetec-E (Zetec)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Water Pump- 2.0L Duratec-ST (Zetec) & 2.0L SPI
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Radiator - 2.0L Zetec-E (Zetec) & 2.0L SPI
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Radiator - 2.0L Duratec-ST (Zetec)
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cooling Fan Motor and Shroud
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Coolant Expansion Tank
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Mechanical
    • Engine - 2.0L ZETEC-E
      • Specifications
        • Engine Data
        • Engine oil
        • Capacities
        • Lubricants, Fluids, Sealers and Adhesives
        • Cylinder Block
        • Pistons
        • Crankshaft
        • Lower Crankshaft Spacer
        • Connecting Rod
        • Piston Pin
        • Camshaft
        • Valves
        • Cylinder Head
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine
          • Notes
          • Zetec-E Engine Design
            • Central timing belt cover/front engine mounting bracket
          • Cylinder Head
            • Valve Train
          • Mechanical bucket tappet
          • Timing Belt
          • Timing Belt Tensioner
            • Notes
            • Automatic Timing Belt Tensioner
          • Cylinder Head Attachments
            • Intake Manifold
            • Intake Manifold Attachments
          • Cylinder Block
            • Crankshaft
          • Connecting (ISC) rod bearings
          • Crankcase Reinforcement
            • Lower crankcase
              • View of Crankcase Reinforcements
              • Crankcase Reinforcement Spacers
          • Oil Pan
          • Engine Control
            • Powertrain Control Module (PCM)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine
      • General Procedures
        • Valve Clearance
          • Material
          • Adjust
      • In-Vehicle Repair
        • Intake Manifold
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Front Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Springs
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Seals
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valves
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Camshafts
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Camshaft Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Timing Belt
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Exhaust Manifold
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cylinder Head
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Pan
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Rear Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Removal
        • Engine - Vehicles With: MTX-75/Manual Transaxle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
        • Engine - Vehicles With: Automatic Transaxle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
      • Disassembly
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
      • Disassembly And Assembly Of Subassemblies
        • Cylinder Head
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
      • Assembly
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Assembly
      • Installation
        • Engine - Vehicles With: MTX-75/Manual Transaxle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Installation
        • Engine - Vehicles With: Automatic Transaxle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Installation
    • Engine System-General Information
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine
          • Engine/Transmission Variants
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
            • Engine Oil Leaks
            • Fluorescent Oil Additive Method
          • Compression Test
            • General Remarks
          • Check the Compression Pressure
          • Check the Compression Pressure (2.0L SPI Engine)
          • Check the Compression Pressure (2.0L Zetec-E Engine)
          • Interpretation of the Results
          • Cylinder Leakage Detection
          • Excessive Engine Oil Consumption
            • Notes
            • Engines need oil to lubricate the following internal components:
          • Oil Consumption Test
          • Check the Oil Pressure
          • Check the Oil Pressure (2.0L SPI-Engine)
          • Check the Oil Pressure (2.0L Zetec E)
          • Intake Manifold Vacuum Test
          • Interpreting Vacuum Gauge Readings
            • Notes
            • Vacuum Gauge Example
          • Check Valve Train-Static (Engine Off)
      • General Procedures
        • Camshaft Bearing Journal Diameter
        • Camshaft Bearing Journal Clearance
        • Camshaft End Play
        • Camshaft Surface Inspection
        • Camshaft Lobe Lift
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal Diameter
        • Crankshaft End Play
        • Cylinder Bore Taper
        • Piston Inspection
        • Piston Pin to Bore Diameter
        • Piston Diameter
        • Piston Ring End Gap
        • Piston Ring-to-Groove Clearance
        • Piston Pin Diameter
        • Connecting Rod Large End Bore
        • Valve Stem Diameter
        • Flywheel Inspection
        • Cylinder Head Distortion
        • Cylinder Block Distortion
        • Exhaust Manifold Cleaning and Inspection
        • Bearing Inspection
        • Valve Seat Inspection
        • Valve Tappet Inspection
  • Starter
    • Starting System
      • Description
      • Component Locations
      • Adjustments
        • Transmission Range Sensor
      • Trouble Shooting
      • On-Vehicle Testing
        • Voltage Drop Test
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Starter Does Not Crank But Relay Clicks
        • Test B: Starter Does Not Crank & Relay Does Not Click
        • Test C: Starter Cranks Slowly
      • Bench Tests
        • Starter No-Load Test
      • Component Tests
        • Starter Relay
      • Removal & Installation
        • Starter Motor
          • Removal (2.0L Duratec-ST (Zetec))
          • Installation (2.0L Duratec-ST (Zetec))
          • Removal (2.0L Zetec-E (Zetec))
          • Installation (2.0L Zetec-E (Zetec))
          • Removal (2.0L SPI)
          • Installation (2.0L SPI)
      • Starter Motor Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
• Engine Performance
  • Engine Controls - On-Vehicle Adjustments
    • Engine Mechanical
    • Valve Clearance
      • Notes
      • 2.0L Engine (VIN 3)
      • 3.0L Engine (VIN S)
      • 3.9L Engine (VIN A)
    • Ignition Timing
    • Idle Speed
  • Application
    • Engine Introduction - Cars
      • Engine Introduction - Cars
        • Notes
        • Vehicle Identification Number Description
          • Notes
          • World Manufacturer Identifier - Position 1
          • Restraint Type Code - Position 2
          • Line, Series & Body Type Code - Position 3
          • Engine Code - Position 4
          • Computer-Generated Check Digit - Position 5
          • Model Year Code - Position 6
          • Assembly Plant Code - Position 7
          • Production Sequence Number - Position 8
        • Model/Year VIN Code Applications
        • Engine Code Location
  • Emissions
    • EGR Function Testing - Ford - Cars
      • EGR Function Testing - Ford - Cars
        • Test 1
          • Ported EGR Valve
        • Test 2
          • Backpressure Transducer EGR System
        • Test 3
          • Integral Backpressure Transducer EGR System
        • Test 4
          • Electronic EGR Valve
        • Test 5
          • 1994-96 All Except 2.5L (VIN B)
        • Test 6
          • EEC-V Equipped Vehicles
        • Test 7
          • 1.8L & 2.5L (EEC Systems)
        • Test 8
          • EGR Valve
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator (EVR) Solenoid
        • Test 9
    • Emission Applications
      • Emission Applications
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
  • Mode 6 - 2002 Ford - Except Diesel
    • Introduction
    • Catalyst Monitor
    • Misfire Monitor
    • Air System Monitor
    • EVAP Monitor
    • Front Ho2S Monitor
    • Rear Ho2S Monitor
    • EGR Monitor
  • Engine Controls - Pin Voltage Charts
    • Introduction
    • Test Equipment
    • Test Procedures
      • Notes
      • Pin Voltage Testing
      • Symptom Testing
      • PID Testing
        • Notes
        • Accessing Ford Specific PIDs
        • Accessing Generic OBD-II PIDs
      • Pcm Connector End Views
      • Powertrain Control Module Locations
    • PID Definitions & Pin Voltage/PID Values
      • Notes
      • PID Definitions
      • Pin Voltage/PID Value Tables
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Continental
        • Cougar
          • Cougar 2.0L M/T
          • Cougar 2.5L A/T
          • Cougar 2.5L M/T
        • Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis
          • Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis 4.6L (Gasoline Vehicle)
          • Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis 4.6L (Natural Gas Vehicle)
        • Escort & ZX2
          • Escort 2.0L 2V A/T
          • ZX2 2.0L 4V A/T
          • ZX2 2.0L 4V M/T
        • Focus
          • Focus 2.0L 2V A/T
          • Focus 2.0L 2V M/T
          • Focus 2.0L 4V A/T
          • Focus 2.0L 4V M/T
        • LS
          • LS 3.0L A/T
          • LS 3.0L M/T
          • LS 3.9L A/T
        • Mustang
          • Mustang 3.8L A/T
          • Mustang 3.8L M/T
          • Mustang 4.6L 2V A/T
          • Mustang 4.6L 2V M/T
        • Sable & Taurus
          • Notes
          • Sable & TAURUS 3.0L 2V (Flexible Fuel & Gasoline)
          • Sable & TAURUS 3.0L 4V
        • Thunderbird
        • Town Car
  • Remove, Overhaul & Install
    • Engine Controls - Removal, Overhaul & Installation
      • Introduction
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Intake Manifold Runner Control
          • Removal & Installation (Focus VIN "5")
        • Throttle Body
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Notes
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Removal & Installation (Escort)
          • Removal & Installation (Focus)
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Camshaft Position Sensor
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor
        • Fuel Pressure Sensor
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Throttle Position Sensor
      • Idle Air Control Valve
        • Removal & Installation (2.0L VIN P)
        • Removal & Installation (2.0L VIN 3 & 5)
        • Removal & Installation (2.3L)
      • Ignition Systems
        • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Removal & Installation (SOHC)
          • Removal & Installation (DOHC)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Removal & Installation (SOHC)
          • Removal & Installation (DOHC)
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
        • Fuel Line Connectors
          • Notes
          • Removal (Spring Lock Coupling)
          • Installation
          • Removal (Hairpin Clip Fitting)
          • Removal & Installation (Duck-Bill Type Fitting)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor
        • Fuel Injection Supply Manifold & Injectors
          • Removal & Installation (Escort SOHC)
          • Removal & Installation (Escort DOHC)
          • Removal & Installation (Focus SOHC)
          • Removal & Installation (Focus DOHC VIN 3)
          • Removal & Installation (Focus DOHC VIN 5)
        • Fuel Pressure Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Filter
          • Removal & Installation (FOCUS)
          • Removal & Installation (ESCORT& ZX2))
        • Fuel Pump Module
          • Notes
          • Removal (Escort)
          • Installation
          • Removal & Installation (Focus)
        • Fuel Tank
          • Removal & Installation (Escort)
          • Removal & Installation (Focus)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Escort)
      • Evaporative Emission Systems
        • Canister - Escort & Focus 4-Door/Wagon
          • Removal & Installation
        • Canister - Focus 3-Door/5-Door
          • Removal & Installation
        • Canister Purge Valve
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Vapor Vent Valve - Escort
          • Removal & Installation
        • After Repair Procedure
      • Emission Systems & Subsystems
        • PCV Hose
      • Torque Specifications
  • Sensor Range Charts
    • Engine Controls - Sensor Operating Range Charts
      • Introduction
  • Specifications
    • Engine Controls - Service & Adjustment Specifications
      • Introduction
      • Capacities
        • Cooling System Capacities
        • Engine Oil Capacity
        • Transmission Capacities
        • Differential Fluid Capacity
      • Quick-Service
        • Service Intervals & Specifications
        • Belt Adjustment
      • Mechanical Checks
        • Engine Compression
        • Valve Clearance
      • Ignition Systems
        • High Tension Wire Resistance
        • Spark Plugs
          • Spark Plug Specifications (4-Cylinder)
          • Spark Plug Specifications (V6)
          • Spark Plug Specifications (V8)
        • Firing Order & Timing Marks
          • 2.0L DOHC
          • 2.0L SOHC
          • 2.5L
          • 3.0L (2V)
          • 3.0L (4V)
          • 3.8L
          • 3.9L
          • 4.6L
        • Ignition Timing
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Pump
        • Idle Speed & Mixture
        • Throttle Position Sensor
    • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
      • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
        • Notes
        • 3 Cylinder Engine
        • 4 Cylinder Engine
        • 5 Cylinder Engine
        • V6 Engine
          • 3.3L (VIN T) Engines
          • 3.0L Villager Engine
          • All Other V6 Engines Except 3.3L (VIN T) & 3.0L Villager Engine
        • V8 Engine
          • 3.9L (VIN A) V8 Engines
          • 5.2L V8 Engines
          • 5.0L (Mustang Only) & 6.2L V8 Engines
          • All Other Gasoline V8 Engines Except 3.9L (VIN A), 5.0L (Mustang Only), 5.2L & 6.2L
          • Diesel V8 Engine (To 2010)
          • 6.7L Diesel V8 Engine (From 2011)
        • V10 Engine
    • Fuel System Pressure Specifications
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Pressure - Cars
        • Fuel Pressure - Trucks
  • System
    • Engine Controls - Basic Diagnostic Procedures
      • Introduction
      • Preliminary Inspection & Adjustments
        • Visual Inspection
        • Mechanical Inspection
          • Compression
          • Exhaust System Backpressure
      • Fuel Systems
        • Preliminary Checks
        • Fuel Pressure Release
        • Fuel System Pressure
          • Natural Gas Engines
          • Gasoline Engines
        • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Injector Resistance
          • Fuel Injector Check
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
      • Ignition Checks
        • Preliminary Checks
        • EDIS (DISTRIBUTORLESS) Ignition System
          • Notes
          • Spark Check
        • Ignition Coil Resistance
      • Idle Speed & Ignition Timing
        • Notes
        • Idle Mixture Adjustment
        • Ignition Timing
      • Throttle Position Sensor Adjustment
      • Summary
    • Engine Controls - Self-Diagnostics Introduction- EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Introduction
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Diagnostic Formats
        • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
          • Notes
          • KOEO & KOER Self-Tests
          • Continuous Memory Codes
        • Retrieving Codes
        • Reading Codes
          • Notes
          • KOEO & KOER On-Demand Self-Test Codes
          • Pass Codes
          • Continuous Memory Codes
        • Clearing Codes
          • Notes
          • PCM Reset Procedure
          • Keep Alive Random Access Memory Reset Procedure
        • Powertrain Control Module Location
      • Quick Test
        • Notes
        • Visual Check
        • Vehicle Preparation & Equipment Hookup
        • KOEO On-Demand Self-Test
          • Description
          • Performing Self-Test
        • KOER On-Demand Self-Test
          • Description
          • BPP, PSP & TCS Test Procedures
          • Performing Self-Test
        • Continuous Memory Self-Test
          • Description
          • Performing Self-Test
      • Additional System Functions
        • Notes
        • Parameter Identification Mode
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Accessing Generic OBD-II PIDs
          • Accessing Ford Specific PIDs
        • On-Board System Readiness Test Mode
          • Description
          • Accessing OSR Test Mode
        • Freeze Frame Data Mode
          • Description
          • Accessing Freeze Frame Data Mode PIDs
        • Diagnosing Adaptive Fuel DTCS
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Obtain Freeze Frame Data
          • Using LONGFT1 & LONGFT2 (Dual Bank Engines) PIDs
          • Resetting Long Term Fuel Trims
          • P0171/P0174 System Too Lean Diagnostic Aids
          • P0172/P0175 System Too Rich Diagnostic Aids
        • Output Test Mode
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Accessing Output Test Mode
        • Failure Mode Effects Management
        • Hardware Limited Operational Strategy
        • Engine Rpm/Vehicle Speed Limiter
      • Diagnostic Monitors
        • Description
        • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor
          • Description
          • Switch Ratio Method (1996-2002)
          • Index Ratio Method (Some 2001-Later)
          • General Catalyst Monitor Operation
        • Comprehensive Component Monitor
        • Evaporative Emission Leak Check Monitor
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION System Monitor - Differential Pressure Feedback EGR
        • Electric Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION System Monitor
        • Fuel System Monitor
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor Monitor
          • Description
          • Testing
        • Misfire Detection Monitoring
        • Secondary Air Injection System Monitor - Electric Secondary Air Injection Pump System
        • Thermostat Monitor
        • Drive Cycle Procedure
          • Notes
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Description
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Vehicle Preparation
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Procedure
      • Programming Pcm
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Flash Vehicle Identification Block Procedure
      • Fuel System Safety Precautions
        • Gasoline System
          • Notes
          • Safe Fuel Handling Practices (Gasoline, Methanol & Methanol Blends)
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Reset Procedure
        • Natural Gas System
          • Notes
          • Safe Fuel Handling Practices (Natural Gas)
      • Summary
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • How To Use System Tests
      • Evaporative Emissions Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • System Tests (Evaporative Emission)
        • Notes
        • Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Procedure
        • Evaporative Emissions System Leak Test
        • Evaporative Emission Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • Test A: DTC P0442: Small Leak Detected In EVAP System
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental & Focus
          • Crown Victoria, Escape, Escort, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Ranger
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
        • Test B: DTC P0455: Major Leak Or No Flow Detected In EVAP System Or DTC P1443: Very Small Or No Purge Flow Detected In EVAP System
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental
          • Focus
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
        • Test C: DTC P1450: Excessive Vacuum Detected In Fuel Tank
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental
          • Escort
          • Focus
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
    • Engine Controls - System & Component Tests - EEC-V - Gasoline
      • Introduction
        • Notes
        • Engine Cover
          • Removal & Installation
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Intake Air Control
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Solenoid
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Ground Circuits
          • Power Circuits
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Switches
          • Brake Pedal Applied/Brake Pedal Position Switch
          • Clutch Pedal Position Switch
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
          • Park/Neutral Position Or Clutch Pedal Position Switch
          • Power Steering Pressure Switch
          • Reverse Switch
          • Transmission Control Switch
        • Sensors
          • Notes
          • Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature Sensor
          • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor
          • Barometric Pressure Sensor
          • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Oil Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
          • Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature 2 Sensor (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC Only)
          • Knock Sensor
          • Mass Airflow Sensor
          • Output Shaft Speed Sensor
          • Power Steering Pressure Sensor
          • Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
          • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Transfer Case Speed Sensor
          • Vehicle Speed Sensor
      • Relays & Solenoids
        • Relays
          • Notes
          • Cooling Fan Control, Fuel Pump & PCM Power Relay
        • Solenoids
          • Air Injection By-Pass Solenoid
          • Air Injection Diverter Solenoid
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
          • Fuel Rail Solenoid
          • Idle Air Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control Solenoid (Ranger 2.3L Only)
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Solenoid
          • Supercharger (Boost) By-Pass Solenoid
          • Variable Cam Timing Solenoid
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Fuel Pressure Regulator
          • Fuel Pump Relay
          • Fuel System Pressure Check
        • Fuel Control
          • Fuel Injector
      • Idle Control System
        • Idle Air Control Solenoid
      • Ignition Systems
      • Emission Systems & Sub-Systems
        • Catalytic Converter
        • Emissions Compliance
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Routines
        • Fuel Evaporation
          • Notes
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • EVAP Canister (All Models)
          • EVAP Canister Purge Valve
        • Secondary Air Injection
        • EGR Systems
          • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation (Ranger 2.3L Only)
          • Exhaust Gas Recirculation
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation
      • Evaporative Emission System Tests
        • Notes
        • Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Procedure
        • Evaporative Emissions System Leak Test
        • Hissing Sound When Removing Fuel Cap
          • Notes
          • Blackwood, Econoline, Escape, Excursion, Expedition, Explorer, F250-550 Super Duty Pickup, Mountaineer, Navigator, Ranger & Windstar
          • Continental
          • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • Escort, Escort ZX2 & Focus
          • F150 Pickup
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
          • Sable & Taurus
        • Excessive Fuel Odor
          • Notes
          • Blackwood, Econoline, Escape, Expedition, Excursion, Explorer, F250-550 Super Duty Pickup, Mountaineer, Navigator, Ranger & Windstar
          • Continental, Escort, Escort ZX2, Focus, Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis, Sable, Taurus & Town Car
          • F150 Pickup
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
        • Unable To Refuel Vehicle
          • Notes
          • Continental, Crown Victoria, Escape, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • Escort, Escort ZX2, Focus, Ranger, Sable & Taurus (With ORVR Only)
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
          • Windstar
    • Engine Controls - System Tests A Through FB - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test A: No-Start
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test B: EEC-V Power Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test C: Reference Voltage
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DA: Temperature Sensor Test (IAT, ECT & EOT)
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Db: Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dc: Mass Airflow Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dd: Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DF: Vehicle Speed Circuit Check
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dg: Knock Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DH: Throttle Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DJ: Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DL: Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dm: Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DP: Vehicle Speed Sensor/Transfer Case Speed Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DQ: Barometric Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dr: Camshaft Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DS: Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DT: Power Steering Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DU: Intake Air Temperature 2
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test FB: Power Take Off
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - System Tests FD Through KA - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test FD: Brake Pedal Position Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ff: Power Steering Pressure Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test FH: Generator Load Input
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test H: Fuel Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ha: Natural Gas Fuel Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HB: Natural Gas Fuel Delivery System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HC: Gasoline Fuel Delivery System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hd: Misfire Detection Monitor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test He: EGR System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hf: Catalyst Efficiency Monitor & Exhaust Systems
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hg: PCV System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HK: Variable Cam Timing
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HM: Secondary Air Injection System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HU: Air Intake System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HX: Evaporative Emission Monitor & System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HY: Generator/Regulator System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JB: Secondary Ignition
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JD: Crankshaft Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JE: Integrated Ignition Coil Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JF: Integrated Ignition Coil On Plug Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JH: Tachometer Output Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KA: Fuel Pump Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - System Tests Kb Through Z - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test Kb: Fuel Pump Driver Module
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kc: Fuel Shutoff Valve Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KD: Electric Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KE: Idle Air Control Valve
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KF: Fan Control Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kg: VISCTRONIC Drive Fan Clutch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KH: Hydraulic Cooling Fan
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KJ: Supercharger By-Pass Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kl: Shift Indicator Light
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Km: Wot A/C Cut-Off
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KP: Charge Air Cooler Pump
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KQ: Thermostat Heater Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test NB: Malfunction Indicator Light
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test NC: Ignition Engine Speed Input Circuit
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test ND: Engine Rpm/Vehicle Speed Limiter
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QA: Unable To Activate Self-Test/SCP Communication Error/DTC Not Listed
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QB: KOEO DTC P0603, P1605 Or KOEO, KOER & Continuous Memory DTC P1633
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QC: OBD-II Monitor Testing Not Complete; DTC P1000
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QD: DTC P1260
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ta: Park/Neutral Position Or Clutch Pedal Position Switches
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Tb: Transmission Control Switch/Transmission Control Indicator Lamp
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • TEST TG: 4x4 LOW RANGE
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Th: Reverse Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test TJ: Output Shaft Speed Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test X: Constant Control Relay Module
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Z: Intermittent
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - Trouble Shooting - No Codes - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Introduction
      • Symptoms
        • Notes
        • Symptom Diagnosis
        • Rough Or Rolling Idle, Stalls, Misses, Hesitation Or Surge
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Engine Runs Rough At Idle
          • Engine Now Starts, But Stalls In Park Or Neutral
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Natural Gas Vehicles With Rough Idle
          • Idle Concerns With A/C On (Continental, LS, Thunderbird & Windstar)
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
          • Additional Checks
        • Hard Start/Long Crank Or Erratic Start/Crank
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • No-Start/Normal Crank
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Engine Will Now Start & Run Normally At Part Throttle
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Slow Return To Idle
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Fast Idle Or Diesels/Runs On
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Engine Idles Fast
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Low Idle (Stalls On Deceleration)
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Stall Or Quit On Deceleration (A/T Models)
          • Low Idle With A/C On (Econoline 4.6L, 5.4L & 6.8L)
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Backfires
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Lack/Loss Of Power
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Lack/Loss Of Power (Mustang Only)
          • Lack/Loss Of Power (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC Only)
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
          • Additional Checks
        • Spark Knock
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Poor Fuel Economy
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Vehicle Fails Emissions/Emissions Compliance
        • Hissing Sound When Removing Fuel Cap
        • Excessive Fuel Odor
        • Unable To Refuel Vehicle
        • Warning Indicator Lights
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Check
          • Pickups With Power Takeoff (PTO) & MIL Concern
          • MIL Always On When Engine Is Running, No DTCs Are Present
          • TCIL Always On When Engine Is Running, No DTCs Are Present
          • MIL Inoperative (Including Bulb Check When Engine Is First Started)
          • Transmission Control Indicator (TCIL) Inoperative
          • Temperature Warning Indicator Light Or Temperature Gauge Inoperative (Models With CHT Sensor Only)
          • SIL Always On Or Inoperative
          • Fuel Cap Indicator Light Always On Or Inoperative
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Automatic Transmission Down Or Upshift, Or Engagement Concern
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Speedometer Or Tachometer Inoperative
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Tachometer Inoperative On Models With Clean Tach Output (CTO) Only
          • Speedometer/Odometer Inoperative On Models With Manual Shift On-The-Fly (MSOF) Only
          • Additional Checks
        • High Oil Consumption
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Electric, Hydraulic Or VISCTRONIC Cooling Fan Inoperative
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Electric, Hydraulic Or VISCTRONIC Cooling Fan(S) Always On
          • Notes
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Exhaust Smoke
          • Notes
          • Black Smoke (Rich Mixture)
          • Blue Smoke (Burning Oil)
          • White Smoke (Water In Combustion)
        • Fuel Odor
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks
        • Engine Noise
          • Notes
          • Symptom Checks
        • Climate Control (Lack Of A/C Cooling, A/C Always On Or A/C Inoperative)
          • Notes
          • Lack Of A/C Cooling Or A/C Inoperative (Mustang)
          • A/C Always On (Mustang)
          • A/C Does Not Turn Off During WOT (Mustang)
          • A/C System Concerns (All Others)
          • WACF PID Displays YES
        • Exhaust Odor (Sulfur Smell)
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks
  • Testing & Diagnosis
    • Engine Controls - Basic Diagnostic Procedures
      • Introduction
      • Preliminary Inspection & Adjustments
        • Visual Inspection
        • Mechanical Inspection
          • Compression
          • Exhaust System Backpressure
      • Fuel Systems
        • Preliminary Checks
        • Fuel Pressure Release
        • Fuel System Pressure
          • Natural Gas Engines
          • Gasoline Engines
        • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Injector Resistance
          • Fuel Injector Check
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
      • Ignition Checks
        • Preliminary Checks
        • EDIS (DISTRIBUTORLESS) Ignition System
          • Notes
          • Spark Check
        • Ignition Coil Resistance
      • Idle Speed & Ignition Timing
        • Notes
        • Idle Mixture Adjustment
        • Ignition Timing
      • Throttle Position Sensor Adjustment
      • Summary
    • Engine Controls - Self-Diagnostics Introduction- EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Introduction
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Diagnostic Formats
        • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
          • Notes
          • KOEO & KOER Self-Tests
          • Continuous Memory Codes
        • Retrieving Codes
        • Reading Codes
          • Notes
          • KOEO & KOER On-Demand Self-Test Codes
          • Pass Codes
          • Continuous Memory Codes
        • Clearing Codes
          • Notes
          • PCM Reset Procedure
          • Keep Alive Random Access Memory Reset Procedure
        • Powertrain Control Module Location
      • Quick Test
        • Notes
        • Visual Check
        • Vehicle Preparation & Equipment Hookup
        • KOEO On-Demand Self-Test
          • Description
          • Performing Self-Test
        • KOER On-Demand Self-Test
          • Description
          • BPP, PSP & TCS Test Procedures
          • Performing Self-Test
        • Continuous Memory Self-Test
          • Description
          • Performing Self-Test
      • Additional System Functions
        • Notes
        • Parameter Identification Mode
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Accessing Generic OBD-II PIDs
          • Accessing Ford Specific PIDs
        • On-Board System Readiness Test Mode
          • Description
          • Accessing OSR Test Mode
        • Freeze Frame Data Mode
          • Description
          • Accessing Freeze Frame Data Mode PIDs
        • Diagnosing Adaptive Fuel DTCS
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Obtain Freeze Frame Data
          • Using LONGFT1 & LONGFT2 (Dual Bank Engines) PIDs
          • Resetting Long Term Fuel Trims
          • P0171/P0174 System Too Lean Diagnostic Aids
          • P0172/P0175 System Too Rich Diagnostic Aids
        • Output Test Mode
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Accessing Output Test Mode
        • Failure Mode Effects Management
        • Hardware Limited Operational Strategy
        • Engine Rpm/Vehicle Speed Limiter
      • Diagnostic Monitors
        • Description
        • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor
          • Description
          • Switch Ratio Method (1996-2002)
          • Index Ratio Method (Some 2001-Later)
          • General Catalyst Monitor Operation
        • Comprehensive Component Monitor
        • Evaporative Emission Leak Check Monitor
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION System Monitor - Differential Pressure Feedback EGR
        • Electric Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION System Monitor
        • Fuel System Monitor
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor Monitor
          • Description
          • Testing
        • Misfire Detection Monitoring
        • Secondary Air Injection System Monitor - Electric Secondary Air Injection Pump System
        • Thermostat Monitor
        • Drive Cycle Procedure
          • Notes
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Description
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Vehicle Preparation
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Procedure
      • Programming Pcm
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Flash Vehicle Identification Block Procedure
      • Fuel System Safety Precautions
        • Gasoline System
          • Notes
          • Safe Fuel Handling Practices (Gasoline, Methanol & Methanol Blends)
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Reset Procedure
        • Natural Gas System
          • Notes
          • Safe Fuel Handling Practices (Natural Gas)
      • Summary
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • How To Use System Tests
      • Evaporative Emissions Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • System Tests (Evaporative Emission)
        • Notes
        • Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Procedure
        • Evaporative Emissions System Leak Test
        • Evaporative Emission Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • Test A: DTC P0442: Small Leak Detected In EVAP System
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental & Focus
          • Crown Victoria, Escape, Escort, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Ranger
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
        • Test B: DTC P0455: Major Leak Or No Flow Detected In EVAP System Or DTC P1443: Very Small Or No Purge Flow Detected In EVAP System
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental
          • Focus
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
        • Test C: DTC P1450: Excessive Vacuum Detected In Fuel Tank
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental
          • Escort
          • Focus
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
    • Engine Controls - System & Component Tests - EEC-V - Gasoline
      • Introduction
        • Notes
        • Engine Cover
          • Removal & Installation
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Intake Air Control
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Solenoid
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Ground Circuits
          • Power Circuits
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Switches
          • Brake Pedal Applied/Brake Pedal Position Switch
          • Clutch Pedal Position Switch
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
          • Park/Neutral Position Or Clutch Pedal Position Switch
          • Power Steering Pressure Switch
          • Reverse Switch
          • Transmission Control Switch
        • Sensors
          • Notes
          • Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature Sensor
          • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor
          • Barometric Pressure Sensor
          • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Oil Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
          • Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature 2 Sensor (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC Only)
          • Knock Sensor
          • Mass Airflow Sensor
          • Output Shaft Speed Sensor
          • Power Steering Pressure Sensor
          • Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
          • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Transfer Case Speed Sensor
          • Vehicle Speed Sensor
      • Relays & Solenoids
        • Relays
          • Notes
          • Cooling Fan Control, Fuel Pump & PCM Power Relay
        • Solenoids
          • Air Injection By-Pass Solenoid
          • Air Injection Diverter Solenoid
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
          • Fuel Rail Solenoid
          • Idle Air Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control Solenoid (Ranger 2.3L Only)
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Solenoid
          • Supercharger (Boost) By-Pass Solenoid
          • Variable Cam Timing Solenoid
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Fuel Pressure Regulator
          • Fuel Pump Relay
          • Fuel System Pressure Check
        • Fuel Control
          • Fuel Injector
      • Idle Control System
        • Idle Air Control Solenoid
      • Ignition Systems
      • Emission Systems & Sub-Systems
        • Catalytic Converter
        • Emissions Compliance
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Routines
        • Fuel Evaporation
          • Notes
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • EVAP Canister (All Models)
          • EVAP Canister Purge Valve
        • Secondary Air Injection
        • EGR Systems
          • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation (Ranger 2.3L Only)
          • Exhaust Gas Recirculation
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation
      • Evaporative Emission System Tests
        • Notes
        • Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Procedure
        • Evaporative Emissions System Leak Test
        • Hissing Sound When Removing Fuel Cap
          • Notes
          • Blackwood, Econoline, Escape, Excursion, Expedition, Explorer, F250-550 Super Duty Pickup, Mountaineer, Navigator, Ranger & Windstar
          • Continental
          • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • Escort, Escort ZX2 & Focus
          • F150 Pickup
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
          • Sable & Taurus
        • Excessive Fuel Odor
          • Notes
          • Blackwood, Econoline, Escape, Expedition, Excursion, Explorer, F250-550 Super Duty Pickup, Mountaineer, Navigator, Ranger & Windstar
          • Continental, Escort, Escort ZX2, Focus, Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis, Sable, Taurus & Town Car
          • F150 Pickup
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
        • Unable To Refuel Vehicle
          • Notes
          • Continental, Crown Victoria, Escape, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • Escort, Escort ZX2, Focus, Ranger, Sable & Taurus (With ORVR Only)
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
          • Windstar
    • Engine Controls - System Tests A Through FB - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test A: No-Start
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test B: EEC-V Power Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test C: Reference Voltage
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DA: Temperature Sensor Test (IAT, ECT & EOT)
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Db: Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dc: Mass Airflow Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dd: Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DF: Vehicle Speed Circuit Check
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dg: Knock Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DH: Throttle Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DJ: Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DL: Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dm: Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DP: Vehicle Speed Sensor/Transfer Case Speed Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DQ: Barometric Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dr: Camshaft Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DS: Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DT: Power Steering Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DU: Intake Air Temperature 2
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test FB: Power Take Off
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - System Tests FD Through KA - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test FD: Brake Pedal Position Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ff: Power Steering Pressure Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test FH: Generator Load Input
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test H: Fuel Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ha: Natural Gas Fuel Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HB: Natural Gas Fuel Delivery System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HC: Gasoline Fuel Delivery System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hd: Misfire Detection Monitor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test He: EGR System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hf: Catalyst Efficiency Monitor & Exhaust Systems
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hg: PCV System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HK: Variable Cam Timing
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HM: Secondary Air Injection System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HU: Air Intake System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HX: Evaporative Emission Monitor & System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HY: Generator/Regulator System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JB: Secondary Ignition
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JD: Crankshaft Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JE: Integrated Ignition Coil Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JF: Integrated Ignition Coil On Plug Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JH: Tachometer Output Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KA: Fuel Pump Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - System Tests Kb Through Z - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test Kb: Fuel Pump Driver Module
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kc: Fuel Shutoff Valve Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KD: Electric Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KE: Idle Air Control Valve
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KF: Fan Control Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kg: VISCTRONIC Drive Fan Clutch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KH: Hydraulic Cooling Fan
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KJ: Supercharger By-Pass Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kl: Shift Indicator Light
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Km: Wot A/C Cut-Off
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KP: Charge Air Cooler Pump
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KQ: Thermostat Heater Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test NB: Malfunction Indicator Light
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test NC: Ignition Engine Speed Input Circuit
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test ND: Engine Rpm/Vehicle Speed Limiter
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QA: Unable To Activate Self-Test/SCP Communication Error/DTC Not Listed
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QB: KOEO DTC P0603, P1605 Or KOEO, KOER & Continuous Memory DTC P1633
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QC: OBD-II Monitor Testing Not Complete; DTC P1000
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QD: DTC P1260
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ta: Park/Neutral Position Or Clutch Pedal Position Switches
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Tb: Transmission Control Switch/Transmission Control Indicator Lamp
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • TEST TG: 4x4 LOW RANGE
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Th: Reverse Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test TJ: Output Shaft Speed Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test X: Constant Control Relay Module
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Z: Intermittent
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - Trouble Shooting - No Codes - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Introduction
      • Symptoms
        • Notes
        • Symptom Diagnosis
        • Rough Or Rolling Idle, Stalls, Misses, Hesitation Or Surge
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Engine Runs Rough At Idle
          • Engine Now Starts, But Stalls In Park Or Neutral
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Natural Gas Vehicles With Rough Idle
          • Idle Concerns With A/C On (Continental, LS, Thunderbird & Windstar)
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
          • Additional Checks
        • Hard Start/Long Crank Or Erratic Start/Crank
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • No-Start/Normal Crank
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Engine Will Now Start & Run Normally At Part Throttle
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Slow Return To Idle
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Fast Idle Or Diesels/Runs On
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Engine Idles Fast
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Low Idle (Stalls On Deceleration)
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Stall Or Quit On Deceleration (A/T Models)
          • Low Idle With A/C On (Econoline 4.6L, 5.4L & 6.8L)
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Backfires
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Lack/Loss Of Power
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Lack/Loss Of Power (Mustang Only)
          • Lack/Loss Of Power (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC Only)
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
          • Additional Checks
        • Spark Knock
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Poor Fuel Economy
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Vehicle Fails Emissions/Emissions Compliance
        • Hissing Sound When Removing Fuel Cap
        • Excessive Fuel Odor
        • Unable To Refuel Vehicle
        • Warning Indicator Lights
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Check
          • Pickups With Power Takeoff (PTO) & MIL Concern
          • MIL Always On When Engine Is Running, No DTCs Are Present
          • TCIL Always On When Engine Is Running, No DTCs Are Present
          • MIL Inoperative (Including Bulb Check When Engine Is First Started)
          • Transmission Control Indicator (TCIL) Inoperative
          • Temperature Warning Indicator Light Or Temperature Gauge Inoperative (Models With CHT Sensor Only)
          • SIL Always On Or Inoperative
          • Fuel Cap Indicator Light Always On Or Inoperative
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Automatic Transmission Down Or Upshift, Or Engagement Concern
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Speedometer Or Tachometer Inoperative
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Tachometer Inoperative On Models With Clean Tach Output (CTO) Only
          • Speedometer/Odometer Inoperative On Models With Manual Shift On-The-Fly (MSOF) Only
          • Additional Checks
        • High Oil Consumption
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Electric, Hydraulic Or VISCTRONIC Cooling Fan Inoperative
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Electric, Hydraulic Or VISCTRONIC Cooling Fan(S) Always On
          • Notes
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Exhaust Smoke
          • Notes
          • Black Smoke (Rich Mixture)
          • Blue Smoke (Burning Oil)
          • White Smoke (Water In Combustion)
        • Fuel Odor
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks
        • Engine Noise
          • Notes
          • Symptom Checks
        • Climate Control (Lack Of A/C Cooling, A/C Always On Or A/C Inoperative)
          • Notes
          • Lack Of A/C Cooling Or A/C Inoperative (Mustang)
          • A/C Always On (Mustang)
          • A/C Does Not Turn Off During WOT (Mustang)
          • A/C System Concerns (All Others)
          • WACF PID Displays YES
        • Exhaust Odor (Sulfur Smell)
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks
  • Theory and Operation
    • Engine Controls - Theory & Operation - Gasoline & NGV
      • Introduction
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Idle Control System
          • Idle Air Control Valve Assembly
        • Supercharger (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC)
          • Supercharger Assembly
          • Supercharger By-Pass System
          • Supercharger Intercooler (Charge Air Cooler) System
        • Variable Induction System
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control - 2.0L (VIN P), 2.5L (VIN L), Windstar 3.8L (VIN 4), & 4.2L (VIN 2)
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control Vacuum Actuated System - 2.3L (VIN D)
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve - 3.0L (VIN S), Econoline & Pickup 4.6L (VIN W), & 5.4L 4V (VIN A)
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Notes
          • Hardware Limited Operation Strategy
          • Integrated Electronic Ignition System
          • Keep Alive Random Access Memory
        • Power & Ground Signals
          • Vehicle Buffered Power
          • Vehicle Power
          • Vehicle Reference Voltage
          • Mass Air Flow Return
          • Signal Return
          • Power Ground
          • Gold Plated Terminals
        • Powertrain Control Module Software
          • Engine RPM/Vehicle Speed Limiter
          • Fail-Safe Cooling Strategy
          • Failure Mode Effects Management
          • Flash Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
          • Fuel Trim
          • Idle Air Trim
          • Idle Speed Control Closed Throttle Determination
          • Multiplexing
          • Standard Corporate Protocol
        • Diagnostic Monitors
          • Notes
          • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor Description
          • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor - Switch Ratio Method (1996-2002)
          • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor - Index Ratio Method (Some 2001-Later)
          • General Catalyst Monitor Operation
          • Comprehensive Component Monitor
          • Evaporative Emission Leak Check Monitor
          • Exhaust Gas Recirculation System Monitor - Differential Pressure Feedback EGR
          • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation System Monitor
          • Fuel System Monitor
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor Monitor
          • Misfire Detection Monitoring
          • Secondary Air Injection System Monitor - Electric Secondary Air Injection Pump System
          • Thermostat Monitor
        • Constant Control Relay Module
        • Fuel Pump Driver Module
        • Generic Electronic Module
        • Natural Gas Vehicle Module
        • Input Devices
          • Notes
          • A/C Cycling Switch
          • A/C Pressure Sensor
          • Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature Sensor
          • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor
          • A/C High Pressure Switch
          • Brake Pressure Applied/Brake Deactivator Switch
          • Brake Pedal Position Switch
          • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Clutch Pedal Position Switch
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
          • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Oil Temperature Sensor
          • Fan Speed Sensor
          • Fuel Level Input
          • Fuel Pump Monitor (With Fuel Pump Driver Module)
          • Fuel Pump Monitor (Without Fuel Pump Driver Module)
          • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor
          • Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
          • Generator Load
          • Generator Monitor
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature Sensor
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve
          • Knock Sensor
          • Mass Airflow Sensor
          • Output Shaft Speed Sensor
          • Power Steering Pressure Sensor
          • Power Steering Pressure Switch
          • Power Take-Off Switch
          • Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
          • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Transmission Control Switch
          • Vehicle Speed Sensor
          • 4x4 Mode Switch
        • Output Devices
          • Notes
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • Coil Pack
          • Coil On Plug
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
          • Electric Secondary Air Injection Pump
          • Evaporative Emission Canister Purge Valve
          • Fan Control
          • Fuel Cap Off Indicator Light
          • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Pump (Applications Using Fuel Pump Relay For Fuel Pump ON/OFF Control)
          • Fuel Pump Driver Module Applications & Applications With Fuel Pump Functions Incorporated In Rear Electronic Module)
          • Generator Communication
          • Hydraulic Cooling Fan Drive (LS & Thunderbird Only)
          • Idle Air Control Valve
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve
          • Malfunction Indicator Light
          • Secondary Air Injection By-Pass Solenoid
          • Solid State Relay
          • Thermostat Heater Control
          • Transmission Control Indicator Light
          • Wide Open Throttle A/C Cut-Off Relay
          • Vapor Management Valve
          • Vehicle Speed Output
          • Visctronic Drive Fan Clutch
      • Fuel Systems (Gasoline)
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Notes
          • Returnable Fuel System
          • Mechanical Returnless Fuel System
          • Electronic Returnless Fuel System
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch (All Fuel Systems)
        • Fuel Control
          • Notes
          • Fuel Injectors
      • Fuel System (Natural Gas)
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Notes
          • Fueling Connector
          • Fuel Lines & Fittings
          • Fuel Rail
          • Fuel Rail Shutoff Valve
          • Fuel Tank Shutoff Valve
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
          • NG Fuel Pressure Regulator
        • Fuel Control
          • Natural Gas Vehicle Module
          • NG Fuel Injectors
      • Ignition Systems
        • Integrated Electronic Ignition System
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Coil Pack System
          • Coil On Plug System
      • Variable Cam Timing System
        • Variable Cam Timing
          • Description
          • Variable Cam Timing Solenoid Valve
          • Variable Cam Timing Unit Assembly
      • Catalyst & Exhaust Systems
        • Catalyst System
          • Notes
          • Catalytic Converter
          • Light Off Catalyst
          • 3-Way Catalytic Converter
          • 3-Way Catalyst Conversion Efficiency
        • Exhaust System
          • Notes
          • Hardware
          • Exhaust Manifold & Runners
          • Exhaust Pipes
          • Upstream & Downstream Heated Oxygen Sensors
          • Muffler
      • Evaporative Emission Systems
        • Fuel Evaporative Systems
        • Enhanced Evaporative Emission System
          • Notes
          • EVAP Canister Purge Valve
        • On-Board Refueling Vapor Recovery EVAP System
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation
      • Secondary Air Injection System
        • Description
        • Electric Secondary Air Injection System
          • Notes
          • AIR By-Pass Solenoid
          • AIR Diverter Valve
          • Electric AIR Pump
      • EGR Systems
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR System
          • Notes
          • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor (Remote Mounted)
          • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor (Tube Mounted)
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
          • EGR Valve
          • Orifice Tube Assembly
        • Electric EGR Motor System
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Notes
        • Malfunction Indicator Light
      • Miscellaneous Controls
        • Pcm Controlled Charging System
          • Description
          • Generator Communication
          • Generator Load
          • Generator Monitor
  • Vacuum Diagrams - Cars
    • Introduction
      • Notes
      • Pcm Calibrations
      • Protocol 3 Code Descriptions
    • Vacuum Hose Diagram(S)
      • Continental
      • Cougar
      • Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis
      • Escort & Escort ZX2
      • Focus
      • LS
      • Mustang
      • Sable & TAURUS
      • THUNDERBIRD
      • Town Car
  • Engine Performance - Wiring Diagrams
    • Wiring Diagrams
      • BLACKWOOD
      • Continental
      • Cougar
      • Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis
      • ECONOLINE
      • Escape
      • Escort
      • Escort ZX2
      • Excursion & Pickup (F250/F550)
      • Expedition & Navigator
      • Explorer & Mountaineer
      • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC
      • Focus
      • LS
      • Mustang
      • Pickup (F150)
      • Ranger
      • Sable & TAURUS
      • THUNDERBIRD
      • Town Car
      • Villager
      • WINDSTAR
• General Information
  • Abbreviations
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
  • Basic Trouble Shooting
    • Basic Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Accessories & Electrical
        • Charging System Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
      • Air Conditioning & Heat
        • Air Conditioning Trouble Shooting
        • Heater System Trouble Shooting
      • Brakes
        • Brake System Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Mechanical
        • Cooling System Trouble Shooting
        • Gasoline Engine - Mechanical Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Performance
        • Carburetor Trouble Shooting:
        • Diesel Engine Trouble Shooting
        • Fuel Injection Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
        • Tune-Up Trouble Shooting - Gas Engine Vehicles
        • Vacuum Pump - Diesel Trouble Shooting
      • Manual Transmission
        • Manual Transmission Trouble Shooting
      • Powertrain
        • Clutch Trouble Shooting
        • Drive Axle - Noise Diagnosis
          • Unrelated Noises
          • Non-Drive Axle Noises
          • Gear Noise
          • Chuckle
          • Knock
          • Clunk
          • Bearing Whine
          • Bearing Rumble
          • Chatter On Turns
          • Axle Shaft Noise
          • Vibration
        • Drive Axle - RWD Trouble Shooting
        • Fwd Axle Shafts & CV Joints Trouble Shooting
      • Steering & Suspension
        • Manual Steering Gear Trouble Shooting
        • Power Steering Trouble Shooting
        • Steering Column Trouble Shooting
        • Suspension Trouble Shooting
        • Wheel Alignment Trouble Shooting
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Engine Performance - Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Engine Performance
  • Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions
    • Map - Brake Systems
      • Brake Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accelerometers
        • Accumulators
        • Anchor Pins
        • Anti-Lock Brake Control Assembly(Module)
        • Anti-Lock Brake Controller
        • Anti-Lock Brake Systems
        • Axle Seal
        • Backing Plates
        • Bleeder Screw
        • Brake Abs Active Light (Blue)
        • Brake Fluid
        • Brake Friction Material
        • Brake On - Off Switch
        • Brake Pads
        • Brake Pedals
        • Brake Shoe Hardware
        • Brake Shoes
        • Brake Stoplight Switches
        • Brake Warning Light (Amber)
        • Brake Warning Light (Red)
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs And LEDS
        • Caliper Hardware
        • Caliper Mounting Pin
        • Caliper Piston
        • Caliper Shim
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt) Dust Boot
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt)
        • Calipers
        • Combination Valve
        • Controllers
        • Digital Ratio Axle Controllers And Buffers (Drab And Dram)
        • Disable Switches
        • Drums
        • Electrical Brake Pumps
        • Electrical Park Motor
        • Electrical Pumps And Motors
        • Electro-Magnetic Interference
        • Electronic Brake Control Modulator
        • Electronic Brake Distribution
        • Electronic Brake Traction Control Module
        • Electronic Controllers
        • Electronic Traction Control
        • External Brake Cable
        • Flow Control Valve
        • Fluid Level Sensor Switches
        • Fluid
        • Four Wheel Drive Switches
        • Friction Material
        • G Sensors
        • Gaskets
        • Gravitational Switches
        • Grease Seal
        • Height Sensing Proportioning Valve
        • High Pressure Accumulator
        • Hoses
        • Hub
        • Hydraulic Control Unit
        • Hydraulic Modulators
        • Hydro-Boosters
        • Hydro-Electric Boosters (POWERMASTER)
        • Ignition Disable Switches
        • Lamp Driver Relay
        • Lateral Acceleration Switches
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Low Pressure Accumulator
        • Lug Nut
        • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
        • Master Cylinders
        • Modulators
        • Motor Pack
        • Motors
        • Pads
        • Parking Brake Cable
        • Parking Brake Mechanism
        • Parking Brake Shoes
        • Parking Brake Switches
        • Parking Brake Systems
        • Pedal Travel Switches
        • Pedals
        • Power Distribution Center
        • POWERMASTER
        • Pressure Differential Switches
        • Pressure Switches
        • Pressure Transducers
        • Proportioning Valve
        • Pumps
        • Relays
        • RELUCTOR (Speed) Ring
        • Rotors
        • Self-Adjusting Systems
        • Shoe Hardware
        • Shoes
        • Sockets
        • Speed Sensor (RELUCTOR) Ring
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Star Wheel
        • Steel Brake Lines
        • Stoplight Switches
        • Stroke Sensor
        • Switches
        • Tires
        • Tone Ring
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Traction Control System (TCS)
        • Transfer Tubes
        • Vacuum Boosters
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Valves
        • Wear Indicator
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheel Cylinders
        • Wiring Harnesses
        • Yaw Rate Sensor
      • Brake System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Map - Routine Inspection Reference Guide
      • Routine Inspection Reference Guide
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Maintenance Overview
          • Antifreeze/Coolant
          • Visual Inspection
          • Radiator Cap Test
          • Engine Fan
          • Cooling System Power Flush And Refill
          • Belts (Except Timing Belts)
          • Belt TENSIONER
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid Exchange & Filter Replacement
          • Engine Oil
          • Air Filters
          • Cabin Air Filter
          • Brake Fluid
          • Battery
          • Battery Cables
          • Power Steering
          • Power Steering Fluid
          • Wiper Blades
        • Routine Inspection CHECKSHEET
        • Routine Inspection - UICS
          • Brake Systems
            • Notes
            • Brake Fluid
            • Bulbs And LEDS
            • Hoses
            • Lenses
            • Lug Nut
            • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
            • Parking Brake Cable
            • Vacuum Hoses
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
          • Drivetrain And Transmission
            • Notes
            • Automatic Transmission Fluid
            • Clutch Master Cylinders
            • Cooler Lines
            • Coolers
            • Differential Fluid
            • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Filters And Screens
            • Fluids And Lubricants
            • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
            • Hydraulic Fluid
            • Lubricants
            • Manual Transmission Fluid
            • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
            • Transfer Case Fluid
            • Vacuum Hoses
          • Electrical Systems
            • Batteries
            • Battery Cables
            • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
            • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
            • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
            • Ground Cables And Straps
            • Ground Straps
            • Lenses
            • Sealed Beams
            • Washer Pumps
            • Wiper Arms And Blades
            • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
            • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
          • Engine Performance And Maintenance
            • Notes
            • Accessory Belts
            • Air Filter Elements
            • Air Filter Gaskets
            • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
            • Air Pump Belts
            • Batteries
            • Battery Connectors
            • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
            • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
            • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
            • Coolant Recovery Tanks
            • Coolant
            • Distributor Caps
            • Distributor Rotors
            • Engine Cooling Systems
            • Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
            • Engine Oil
            • Fuel Filters
            • Fuel Injector Cleaning
            • Fuel Injectors
            • Fuel System Cleaning Service
            • Hose Clamps
            • Hose Connectors
            • Hose Couplers
            • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
            • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
            • Intake Cleaning
            • O2 Sensors
            • PCV Breather Elements
            • PCV Valves
            • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
            • Spark Plugs
            • Thermostats And Housings
            • Throttle Body Cleaning
            • Timing Belts
            • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
          • Exhaust Systems
            • Notes
            • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
          • Heating, Ventilation And Air Conditioning Systems
            • Notes
            • Belts
            • Cabin Air Filters
            • Coolant
            • Evaporator Drain Tubes
            • Evaporator Filters
            • In-Line Filters
            • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
          • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
            • Notes
            • Hydraulic Hoses
            • Power Steering Belts
            • Power Steering Fluid
            • Power Steering Hoses
            • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
            • Strut Rods
            • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
            • Tire Pressure Sensors
            • Tires
            • Valve Stems
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
      • Wheel & Tire Supplement
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
        • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
        • Wheel & Tire - UICS
          • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
          • Tire Pressure Sensors
          • Tires
          • Wheel Alignment
          • Wheel Attachment Hardware
          • Wheels (Rims)
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Check Lists
    • Symptom Check List Worksheet - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose
        • Notes
        • Why Use the Symptom Check List Worksheets?
        • Making the Worksheets a Part of Your Normal Routine
      • Symptom Check List Worksheets
        • Condensed Version - All On One Page
        • Full Version - All On Four Pages
        • Individual System-Based Check Lists
  • Computer Relearn Procedures
    • Introduction
      • Body Controls
      • Engine Controls
    • CHRYSLER Corp.
      • A/C Calibration (Caravan, Town & Country, & Voyager)
        • Description
        • Procedure
      • A/C Calibration (CONCORDE, Intrepid & 300M)
      • Body Control Module (CONCORDE, Intrepid, SEBRING Convertible, SEBRING Sedan, Stratus Sedan & 300M)
      • Drive Learn Procedure (DAKOTA - 4.7L, DURANGO - 4.7L & Ram Pickup 1500 - 4.7L)
        • Notes
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1st Neutral To Drive Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Drive Garage Shift
        • Procedure To Learn The 1st 2-3 Shift After A Restart Or Shift To Reverse
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 2-3 & 3-4 Upshift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-3 Coastdown & Part Throttle 4-3 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1-2 Upshift & 3-2 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Manual 2-1 Pulldown Shift As Well As A Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-5 Upshift for 545RFE
      • Engine Control Module Programming (Diesel)
      • Immobilizer System (SEBRING Coupe & Stratus Coupe)
        • Notes
        • Encrypted Code Registration
        • Key ID Registration
      • Instrument Cluster (Ram Van & Ram Wagon)
      • Pinion Factor Procedure
        • Except Concorde, Durango - With NGC, Intrepid & 300M
        • Concorde, Durango - With NGC, Intrepid & 300M
      • Power Liftgate Learn Cycle (Caravan & Town & Country)
        • Description
        • Procedure
      • Power Sliding Door Learn Cycle (Caravan & Town & Country)
        • Description
        • Procedure
      • Powertrain Control Module Programming (Except Ram Pickup 2500 & 3500 - Gasoline, Ram Van & Ram Wagon)
      • Powertrain Control Module Programming (Ram Pickup 2500 & 3500 - Gasoline, Ram Van & Ram Wagon)
      • Sentry Key Immobilizer Module Programming
      • Programming Ignition Keys To Sentry Key Immobilizer Module
        • Using Scan Tool
        • Programming Ignition Keys Using Customer Learn Method
      • Torque Converter Clutch Break-In Procedure (CONCORDE, Intrepid & 300M)
        • Description
        • Break-In Procedure
      • Transmission Shift Quality Quick Learn Procedure (DAKOTA - 4.7L, DURANGO - 4.7L & Ram Pickup 1500 - 4.7L)
      • Transaxle Shift Quality Quick Learn Procedure
      • Vehicle DRIVEABILITY Computer Relearn Procedure
    • Ford Motor Co.
      • Notes
      • Control Module Programming
        • Notes
        • Programmable Module Installation Procedure
        • Steering Column Lock Actuator Module Parameter Reset (LS - Manual Transmission Only)
      • Customer Preferences
      • Instrument Cluster Programming
        • Notes
        • Instrument Cluster Programming Procedure "A"
        • Instrument Cluster Programming Procedure "B"
        • Security Access Procedure
      • Power Sliding Door Initialization (WINDSTAR Only)
      • Programming Powertrain Control Module (All Models)
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Flash Vehicle Identification (VID) Block Procedure
      • Rear Ride Height Initializing Procedure (BLACKWOOD Only)
        • Calibration Procedure
    • General Motors (Cars)
      • Notes
      • Crankshaft Position Sensor System Variation Learn Procedure
        • Alero, Aurora - 4.0L, Bonneville, Cavalier - 2.2L, Century, Corvette, Deville, Eldorado, Grand Am, Grand Prix, Impala, LeSabre, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Park Avenue, Regal, Seville & Sunfire - 2.2L
        • Camaro & Firebird - 3.8L
        • Camaro & Firebird - 5.7L
        • Cavalier & Sunfire - 2.4L
        • Intrigue - 3.5L
        • Saturn - 1.9L
        • Saturn - 2.2L
      • Engine Control Module
        • Saturn - 3.0L
      • Idle Air Control Valve Learn Procedure
        • Deville, Eldorado & Seville
      • Powertrain Control Module
        • Alero - 2.2L, Cavalier, Grand Am - 2.2L, Saturn - 1.9L & Sunfire
        • Remote Programming (Alero - 3.4L, Aurora, Bonneville, Camaro, Century, Deville, Eldorado, Firebird, Grand Am, Grand Prix, Impala, Intrigue, LeSabre, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Park Avenue, Regal & Seville)
        • Off-Board Programming (Alero - 3.4L, Aurora, Bonneville, Camaro, Century, Deville, Eldorado, Firebird, Grand Am, Grand Prix, Impala, Intrigue, LeSabre, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Park Avenue, Regal & Seville)
        • Remote Programming (Corvette)
        • Off-Board Programming (Corvette)
      • Theft Deterrent System Components
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Alero, Cavalier, Century, Corvette, Grand Am, Impala, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Regal & Sunfire)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Alero, Cavalier, Century, Corvette, Grand Am, Impala, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Regal & Sunfire)
        • Set Up A New Theft Deterrent Control Module (Aurora, Bonneville, Deville, Eldorado, Intrigue, LeSabre, Park Avenue & Seville)
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Aurora, Bonneville, Deville, Eldorado, Intrigue, LeSabre, Park Avenue & Seville)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Aurora, Bonneville, Deville, Eldorado, Intrigue, LeSabre, Park Avenue & Seville)
        • Passlock™ Anti-Theft Seed & Key Method (Saturn - 1.9L)
        • Passlock™ Anti-Theft Auto Learn Method (Saturn - 1.9L)
        • Auto Learn Method (Saturn - 2.2L & 3.0L)
        • Saturn Service Stall Method (Saturn - 2.2L & 3.0L)
      • Throttle Body Relearn Procedure
        • Saturn - 3.0L
      • Throttle Position Sensor Learn Procedure
        • Deville, Eldorado & Seville
    • General Motors (Trucks & Vans)
      • Notes
      • Crankshaft Position Sensor System Variation Learn Procedure
        • Avalanche, Astro, Aztek, Blazer, Bravada, Cab & Chassis - 8.1L, Chevy Express - 4.3L, 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, Montana, Rendezvous, RV Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, S10 Pickup, Safari, Savana - 4.3L, 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Camper Special -5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Sierra - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Silhouette, Silverado - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Sonoma, Suburban, Tahoe, Trailblazer, Venture, Yukon & Yukon XL
        • Vue - 2.2L
      • Engine Control Module Programming
        • Remote Programming (Sierra & Silverado - 6.6L)
        • Off-Board Programming (Sierra & Silverado - 6.6L)
        • Vue - 2.2L
        • Vue - 3.0L
      • Fuel Injection Pump Top Dead Center Offset Adjustment
        • Learning A TDC Offset (Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L)
      • Glow Plug System Relearn Procedure
        • Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L
      • Powertrain Control Module
        • Remote Programming (Avalanche, Astro, Aztek, Blazer, Bravada, Cab & Chassis - 8.1L, Chevy Express - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, Montana, Rendezvous, RV Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, S10 Pickup - 4.3L, Safari, Savana - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Camper Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Sierra - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Silhouette, Silverado - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Sonoma - 4.3L, Suburban, Tahoe, Trailblazer, Venture, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • Off-Board Programming (Avalanche, Astro, Aztek, Blazer, Bravada, Cab & Chassis - 8.1L, Chevy Express - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, Montana, Rendezvous, RV Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, S10 Pickup - 4.3L, Safari, Savana - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Camper Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Sierra - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Silhouette, Silverado - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Sonoma - 4.3L, Suburban, Tahoe, Trailblazer, Venture, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • PCM Programming (Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L)
        • Programming TDC Offset (Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L)
        • PCM Programming (S10 Pickup - 2.2L, Sonoma - 2.2L & Tracker)
      • Theft Deterrent System Components
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Avalanche, Astro, Blazer, Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, RV Cutaway, S10 Pickup, Safari, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special, Sierra, Silverado, Sonoma, Suburban, Tahoe, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Avalanche, Astro, Blazer, Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, RV Cutaway, S10 Pickup, Safari, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special, Sierra, Silverado, Sonoma, Suburban, Tahoe, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • Set Up a New Theft Deterrent Control Module (Aztek, Montana, Rendezvous, Silhouette & Venture)
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Aztek, Montana, Rendezvous, Silhouette & Venture)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Aztek, Montana, Rendezvous, Silhouette & Venture)
        • 10 Minute Learn Procedure With Standard Key (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • 30 Minute Learn Procedure With Standard Key (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • Procedure To Set Up New Theft Deterrent Control Module With Transponder Key (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • 10 Minute Re-Learn Procedure (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • Auto Learn Method (Vue)
        • Saturn Service Stall Method (Vue)
      • Throttle Body Relearn Procedure
        • Vue - 3.0L
    • Jeep
      • Drive Learn Procedure (Grand CHEROKEE & Liberty)
        • Notes
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1st Neutral To Drive Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Drive Garage Shift
        • Procedure To Learn The 1st 2-3 Shift After A Restart Or Shift To Reverse
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 2-3 & 3-4 Upshift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-3 Coastdown & Part Throttle 4-3 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1-2 Upshift & 3-2 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Manual 2-1 Pulldown Shift As Well As A Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-5 Upshift for 545RFE
      • Powertrain Control Module Programming
        • Notes
        • Updating Secret Key Data
      • Sentry Key Immobilizer Module Programming
      • Programming Ignition Keys To Sentry Key Immobilizer Module
        • Using Scan Tool
        • Using Customer Learn Method
      • Shift Quality Quick-Learn Procedure (Grand CHEROKEE & Liberty)
        • Overview
        • Quick-Learn Procedure
  • OBD-II Drive Cycles
    • 1996-99 Gasoline Models (Except Villager)
      • Introduction
      • Vehicle Preparation for OBD-II or Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle
      • Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycles
    • 1996 Villager
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle Test Procedure
      • Misfire Detection Repair Verification Drive Cycle
    • 1997-99 Villager
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle
    • 2000-04 Gasoline Models
      • Introduction
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
      • Drive Cycle Procedures
    • 2005-09 Gasoline Models
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
        • Notes
        • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2010-12 Gasoline Models (Except Fiesta)
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2011-12 Fiesta
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2003-07 6.0L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure:
    • 2008-10 6.4L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure:
    • 2011-12 6.7L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure
    • 1996-03 7.3L Diesel
      • Description
      • Performing Drive Cycle
    • 2005-09 Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2005-12 Escape Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle
    • 2011-12 Fusion Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
  • Driveline/Axles
    • Drive Axle Noise Diagnosis - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Unrelated Noises
      • Non-Drive Axle Noises
      • Gear Noise
      • Chuckle
      • Knock
      • Clunk
      • Bearing Whine
      • Bearing Rumble
      • Chatter On Turns
      • Axle Shaft Noise
      • Vibration
    • Gear Tooth Contact Patterns - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Inspection
        • Notes
        • Gear Tooth Contact Pattern
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Gear Backlash & Pinion Shim Changes
    • Map - Drive Train & Transmission
      • Drive Train & Transmission Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Drivetrain And Transmission
        • Notes
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Automatic Transmission / Transaxle Assemblies/CVTS
        • Automatic Transmission Fluid
        • Axles
        • Bearings And Races
        • Bell Cranks
        • Bell Housings
        • Bushings (External)
        • Cables (Speedometer)
        • Cables (TV, Detent And Shift)
        • Carrier Bearings
        • Clutch Cables And Cable Housings
        • Clutch Discs (Manual Transmissions)
        • Clutch Forks
        • Clutch Linkages (Mechanical)
        • Clutch Master Cylinders
        • Clutch Pedals
        • Clutch Pivots
        • Clutch Pressure Plates
        • Clutch Release Bearings
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Concentric)
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Conventional Or External)
        • Companion Flanges
        • Connectors
        • Cooler Bypass Valves
        • Cooler Lines
        • Coolers
        • CV Joints
        • Differential And Final Drive Assemblies
        • Differential Fluid
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks (Fluid Level Indicators)
        • Dowel Pins, Guides And Pilot Holes
        • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Drive Shaft Flanges
        • Drive Shafts And Half Shafts
        • Dust Boots
        • Engine Mounts
        • Exciter Rings
        • Filler Tubes
        • Filters And Screens
        • Flanges
        • Flex Plates
        • Fluid Level Indicators
        • Fluids And Lubricants
        • Flywheels
        • Force Motors
        • Gaskets
        • Guides
        • Half Shafts
        • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
        • Housings (Bell, Case, Tail(Extension) And Auxiliary)
        • Hydraulic Fluid
        • Intermediate Shaft Support Bearings
        • Key Interlock Systems
        • Limited Slips
        • Lines
        • Linkages (External)
        • Locking Hub Assemblies
        • Locking Hub Control Knobs
        • Lubricants
        • Manual Transmission Fluid
        • Manual Transmission/Transaxle Assemblies
        • Metal Clad Seals
        • METALASTIC Joints
        • Modulator Pins
        • Modulators
        • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
        • Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Oil Pans
        • Pans
        • Pilot Holes
        • Pressure Plates
        • Pressure Switches
        • Races
        • Rubber Joints (METALASTIC)
        • Screens
        • Seals (Metal Clad)
        • Seals
        • Selector Interlock Systems
        • Sensors
        • Servos
        • Shift Interlock Systems (Selector And Key Interlock Systems)
        • Side Covers
        • Slip Yokes
        • Solenoids
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Speedometer- Driven Gear Housing
        • Speedometer/Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Speedometer/Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Speedometers/Odometers (Electronic)
        • Switches
        • Tone Wheels
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Torque Converters
        • Transaxle Mounts
        • Transducers (Transmission)
        • Transfer Case Assemblies
        • Transfer Case Fluid
        • Transmission Coolers
        • Transmission Mounts
        • Transmission Pans
        • Transmission Range Indicators (PRNDL)
        • Tubes
        • Universal Joints (CARDAN Or Cross Type)
        • Vacuum Controls
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Vacuum Motors
        • Vacuum-Operated Switches
        • Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Vents
        • Vibration Dampers
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Speed Sensors
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
        • Yokes And Slip Yokes
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Trouble Shooting - Clutches - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • All Models
  • DTC Index
    • Air Bag Restraints Systems DTCS
    • Anti-Theft Systems DTCS
      • Anti-Lock Brakes DTCS
      • Stability Assist System DTCS
      • Anti-Theft System - Active DTCS
      • Anti-Theft System - Passive DTCS
    • Automatic Transmission - 4F27E Electronic Controls DTCS
    • Evaporative Emissions DTCS
    • Instrument Panels - Analog DTCS
    • Power Door Locks & Remote Keyless Entry Systems DTCS
    • Self-Diagnostics DTCS
  • Electrical
    • Map - Electrical Systems
      • Electrical Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Actuator Motors (Electric)
        • Actuator Motors (Vacuum)
        • Air Bags
        • Alternators And Generators
        • Amplifiers
        • Antennas
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Cables
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belts
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
        • Cd Players
        • Cigarette Lighter Assemblies
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Clutch Switches
        • Connectors
        • Control Modules
        • Cruise Control Brake Switches
        • Cruise Control Cables
        • Cruise Control Clutch Switches
        • Cruise Control Linkages And Cables
        • Cruise Control Reservoirs
        • Cruise Control Tubes
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Dump Release Valves
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And
        • Cruise Control Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Defoggers
        • Defrosters
        • Delays
        • Dimmers
        • Electric Heaters
        • Equalizers
        • Fuse Blocks
        • Fuse Boxes And Blocks
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gauges
        • Generators
        • Ground Cables And Straps
        • Ground Straps
        • Headlight Adjusters
        • Heating Elements (Defrosters, Defoggers, Electric Heaters And Seats)
        • Horns And Sirens
        • Ignition Switches
        • Indicator Lights
        • Keyless Entry Keypads And Transmitters
        • Keyless Entry Transmitters
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Microphones
        • Mirrors (ELECTROCHROMATIC And Heated)
        • Motors
        • Neutral Safety Switches
        • Odometers, Speedometers And Tachometers (Cable Driven)
        • Odometers
        • Power Distribution Center
        • Pulleys
        • Receivers, Amplifiers, Equalizers And Sub-Woofer Volume Controls
        • Relay Boxes
        • Relays
        • Sealed Beams
        • Seat Heaters
        • Security Alarm Sensors
        • Sirens
        • Solenoids
        • Speakers And Microphones
        • Speedometer And Tachometer Linkages And Cables
        • Speedometer Cables
        • Speedometers
        • Starters
        • Sub-Woofer Volume Control
        • Switches
        • Tachometer Cables
        • Tachometers
        • Tape Players And Cd Players
        • TENSIONERS
        • Timers
        • Transceivers
        • Transducers
        • Vacuum Accumulators (Reservoirs)
        • Voltage Regulators
        • Washer Fluid Level Senders
        • Washer Pumps
        • Wiper Arms And Blades
        • Wiper Blades
        • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
        • Wiper Linkages
        • Wiper Nozzles
        • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Battery, Starting & Charging System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
  • Engine
    • Engine Overhaul Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Engine Identification
      • Inspection Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Magnetic Particle Inspection
          • Notes
          • Magnaflux & Magnaglo
        • Penetrant Inspection
          • Notes
          • Zyglo
          • Dye Check
        • Ultrasonic Inspection
        • X-Ray Inspection
        • Pressure Testing
      • Cleaning Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Bead Blasting
        • Chemical Cleaning
      • Component Cleaning
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Sheet Metal Parts
        • Intake & Exhaust Manifolds
      • Cylinder Head Replacement
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Installation
        • Valve Adjustment
      • Cylinder Head Overhaul
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cylinder Head Disassembly
        • Cylinder Head Cleaning & Inspection
        • Valve Springs
        • Valve Guide
          • Notes
          • Measuring Valve Guide Clearance
          • Reaming Valve Guide
          • Replacing Valve Guide
        • Valves & Valve Seats
          • Notes
          • Valve Grinding
          • Valve Lapping
          • Valve Seat Grinding
          • Valve Seat Replacement
          • Valve Seat Concentricity
        • Cylinder Head Reassembly
          • Notes
          • Valve Stem Installed Height
        • Valve Stem Oil Seals
          • Notes
          • Replacement (On-Vehicle)
        • Valve Spring Installed Height
        • Rocker Arms & Assemblies
          • Notes
          • Rocker Studs
          • Rocker Arms & Shafts
        • Push Rods
        • Lifters
          • Notes
          • Hydraulic Lifters
          • Mechanical Lifters
      • Pistons, Connecting Rods & Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Ridge Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Cleaning
          • Inspection
        • Piston & Cylinder Bore Fit
        • Assembling Piston & Connecting Rod
        • Checking Piston Ring Clearances
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Installation
        • Connecting Rod Side Clearance
        • Main & Connecting Rod Bearing Clearance
          • Notes
          • Plastigage Method
          • Micrometer & Telescopic Gauge Method
      • Crankshaft & Main Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Installation
        • Crankshaft End Play
          • Notes
          • Dial Indicator Method
          • Feeler Gauge Method
        • Cylinder Block
          • Notes
          • Block Cleaning
          • Block Inspection
          • Cylinder Bore Inspection
          • Cylinder Honing
          • Deck Warpage
          • Deck Height
          • Main Bearing Bore & Alignment
          • Expansion Plug Removal
          • Expansion Plug Installation
          • Oil Gallery Plug Removal
          • Oil Gallery Plug Installation
      • Camshaft
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Camshaft Bearings
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Camshaft Installation
        • Camshaft End Play
      • Timing Chains & Belts
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Chains
        • Timing Belts
        • Tension Adjustment
      • Timing Gears
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Gear Backlash & RUNOUT
        • Rear Main Oil Seal Installation
          • Notes
          • One-Piece Type Seal
          • Rope Type Seal
          • Split-Rubber Type Seal
      • Oil Pump
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Rotor Type
        • Gear Type
      • Break-In Procedure
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Engine Pre-Oiling
        • Initial Start-Up
        • Camshaft
        • Piston Rings
        • Final Adjustments
    • General Cooling System Service - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Maintenance
        • Draining
        • Flushing
          • Notes
          • Radiator
          • Engine Block
        • Refilling
      • Testing
        • Thermostat
        • Pressure Testing
          • Notes
          • Radiator Cap
          • Cooling System
  • Engine Performance
    • Electrostatic Discharge Warning - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Introduction
      • Handling Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
      • Checking Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
    • Engine Performance Diagnostic Routine Outline - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Where Does DRIVEABILITY Diagnosis Start?
        • Perform Basic Inspection
        • Check For Trouble Codes
        • Diagnose Symptom
        • Test System
    • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
      • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
    • Map - Engine Performance & Maintenance
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance (Including Exhaust Systems)
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Engine Performance & Maintenance CHECKSHEET
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance
        • Notes
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor
        • Accessory Belts
        • Accessory Pulleys
        • Air Conditioning Cycling Switches
        • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensors
        • Air Ducts And Tubes
        • Air Filter Elements
        • Air Filter Gaskets
        • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
        • Air Fuel Ratio Sensors
        • Air Injection Control Solenoids
        • Air Plenums
        • Air Pump Belts
        • Air Pumps (Electric Driven)
        • Air Tubes
        • Aspirator, Check And DECEL Valves
        • Baffles
        • Ballast Primary Supply Resistor Wires
        • Ballast Resistors And Primary Supply Resistors
        • Barometric Pressure Sensors
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Connectors
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
        • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
        • Belt-Driven Air Pumps
        • Boost Control Mechanism
        • Camshaft Position Sensors
        • Carburetors And Chokes
        • Casting Core Plugs And Expansion Plugs
        • Charge Air Coolers ""INTERCOOLERS"" (CAC)
        • Check Valves
        • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Chokes
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switches
        • Cold Start Injectors
        • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
        • Connectors
        • Coolant Recovery Tanks
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Motor Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Relays And Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Resistors
        • Cooling Fan Motor Sensors And Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motor Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Crankshaft Position Sensors
        • Cylinder Deactivation Solenoid
        • Cylinder Head Assemblies
        • DECEL Valves
        • Deflectors
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks And Tubes
        • Distributor Advances And Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Boots And Shields
        • Distributor Caps
        • Distributor Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Rotors
        • Distributor Shields
        • Distributors
        • Early Fuel Evaporation Valves (Heat Riser Assemblies)
        • EGR Coolers
        • EGR Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Intake And Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Plates And Coolers
        • Electronic Spark Control Modules
        • Electronic Transmission Control Devices
        • Electronic Transmission Feedback Devices
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensors
        • Engine Cooling Systems
        • Engine Covers (Oil Pan, Valve Cover, Timing Cover)
        • Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Engine Oil Canisters
        • Engine Oil Coolers (External)
        • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
        • Engine Oil Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Pressure Gauges (Mechanical)
        • Engine Oil
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Filters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Purge Devices
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canisters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Feedback Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Feedback Devices
        • Expansion Plugs
        • Fan Control Sensor
        • Fuel Accumulators And Dampers
        • Fuel And Cold Start Injectors
        • Fuel Caps
        • Fuel Dampers
        • Fuel Delivery Check Valves
        • Fuel Distributors (BOSCH Cis)
        • Fuel Filler Necks And RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel Filters
        • Fuel Injector Cleaning
        • Fuel Injectors
        • Fuel Level Senders
        • Fuel Pressure Regulators
        • Fuel Pumps (In-Tank, External, Electrical Or Mechanical)
        • Fuel Rails
        • Fuel RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel System Cleaning Service
        • Fuel Tanks
        • Fuel
        • Gaskets
        • Grommets (Valve Cover)
        • Harmonic Dampers
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Hose Clamps
        • Hose Connectors
        • Hose Couplers
        • Hoses And Tube Couplers, Connectors And Clamps
        • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
        • Housings
        • Idle Air Controls
        • Idle Speed Control Actuators
        • Ignition Boots
        • Ignition Coil Towers
        • Ignition Coils
        • Ignition Control Modules (ICM)
        • Ignition Switches
        • Ignition Terminals
        • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
        • Inertia Fuel Shut-Off Switches
        • Intake Air Temperature Sensors
        • Intake Cleaning
        • Intake Manifolds
        • In-Tank Fuel Strainers
        • INTERCOOLERS
        • Knock Sensors
        • Liquid Vapor Separators
        • Long Block Assemblies
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensors
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensors
        • Metal Air Manifolds And Pipes
        • Metal Air Pipes
        • Mix Control Solenoids
        • Motor Mounts
        • O2 Sensors
        • Oil Pans
        • Oil Pressure Sending Units
        • Oil Pump Pick-Up Screens
        • Oil Pumps
        • O-Rings, Gaskets, Seals And Spring Locks
        • Park Neutral Position Switches
        • PCV Breather Elements
        • PCV Orifices
        • PCV Valves
        • Pick-Up Assemblies (Includes Magnetic, Hall Effect And Optical)
        • Power Steering Pressure Sensors
        • Powertrain Control Modules (Pcm) And Prom
        • Powertrain Control Prom
        • Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Blades
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiators
        • Roll Over Valves
        • Sealing Compounds
        • Seals
        • Secondary Air Injection System Management Devices
        • Sensors
        • Short Block Assemblies
        • Shrouds, Baffles And Deflectors
        • Spark Plugs
        • Spring Locks
        • Super Chargers
        • Switches
        • Thermal Vacuum Valves
        • Thermostatic Air Door Assemblies
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Throttle Bodies
        • Throttle Body Cleaning
        • Throttle Cables
        • Throttle Linkages And Cables
        • Throttle Position Sensors
        • Throttle Position Switches
        • Timing Belt Sprockets
        • Timing Belts
        • Timing Covers
        • Torque Struts
        • Transmission Range Switches
        • Tube Clamps
        • Tube Connectors
        • Tube Couplers
        • Tubes
        • Turbo Chargers
        • Vacuum Connections
        • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
        • Vacuum Regulator Solenoids
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valve Covers
        • Vehicle Speed Senors
        • Volume Air Flow Sensors
        • Waste Gate And Boost Control Mechanisms
        • Waste Gate Control Solenoids
        • Water Pumps (Electric)
        • Water Pumps (Non-Electric)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Parasitic Load Explanation & Test Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • General Information
      • Testing For Parasitic Load
        • Notes
        • CHRYSLER Ignition Off Draw (IOD) Test
        • Test Procedure Using Test Switch
        • Intermittent Parasitic Load Problems
        • Diode Check & Solenoid Test
        • Quad Driver Test
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
    • Waveforms - Injector Pattern Tutorial - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose Of This Article
        • Notes
        • Scope Of This Article
      • Is A Lab Scope Necessary?
        • Introduction
        • Overview Of NOID Light
          • Notes
          • Use the Right Noid Light
        • Overview Of DVOM
          • Notes
          • Checking Injector Resistance
          • Checking Available Voltage At the Injector
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Built-In Function
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Dwell Or Duty
          • How A Duty Cycle Meter and Dwell Meter Work
          • Strengths of Dwell/Duty Meter
          • Weaknesses of Dwell/Duty Meter
      • The Two Types Of Injector Drivers
        • Notes
        • Overview
        • Voltage Controlled Circuit ("Saturated Switch")
        • Current Controlled Circuit ("Peak & Hold")
      • The Two Ways Injector Circuits Are Wired
      • Interpreting Injector Waveforms
        • Notes
        • Interpreting A Voltage Controlled Pattern
        • Interpreting A Current Controlled Pattern
      • Current Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
      • Voltage Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
  • Map - Exhaust Systems
    • Exhaust Systems
      • Notes
      • Map Standards Of Service
      • The Map Process - Overview
      • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Catalytic Converters
      • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
      • Exhaust Connections
      • Hangers
      • Heat Risers (Mechanical EFE Devices)
      • Heat Shields
      • Manifolds (Cast And Tube Type)
      • Mechanical EFE Devices
      • Muffler Valve
      • Mufflers And Resonators
    • Reason Code Explanation
  • Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
    • Map - Heating, Ventilation, & Air Conditioning
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accumulators
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Air Conditioning Fittings
        • Air Conditioning Hoses
        • Air Conditioning Metal Lines
        • Air Control Doors
        • Air Dams (External)
        • Air Distribution System
        • Belts
        • Blend Doors
        • Blower Fans (Blower Wheel Or Squirrel Cage)
        • Blower Motors
        • Blower Resistors
        • Blower Switches
        • Cabin Air Filters
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Compressor Clutch Assemblies
        • Compressors
        • Condenser Air Seals
        • Condenser Fan Motors
        • Condensers
        • Connectors
        • Control Cables
        • Control Heads (Function Selectors)
        • Control Linkages
        • Control Modules
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Blades
        • Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Evaporator Drain Tubes
        • Evaporator Filters
        • Evaporator Pressure Regulators (EPRS)
        • Evaporators
        • Expansion Valves
        • Function Selectors
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gaskets
        • Heater Cases
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Heater Hoses
        • High Pressure Relief Valves (HPRV)
        • Idlers
        • In-Line Filters
        • Metal Fittings
        • Metal Lines
        • Mix And Air Control Doors (Blend Doors)
        • ORIFACE Tubes
        • O-Rings
        • Pilot-Operated Absolutes (POAS)
        • Plenums
        • Pressure Control Valves
        • Pressure Sensors
        • Pulleys
        • Radiators
        • Receiver-DRIERS
        • Refrigerant Oil
        • Refrigerant
        • Relays
        • Seals
        • Service Ports
        • Spring Lock Couplings
        • Suction Throttling Valves (STVS)
        • Switches (Electrical)
        • TENSIONERS
        • Thermistors And Pressure Sensors
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
        • Vacuum Reservoirs
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valves In Receiver (VIRS)
        • Water Pumps (Electric Auxiliary)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Identification
    • CANADIAN Model Cross-Reference
      • * Please Read This First *
      • ACURA
      • ASUNA
      • AUDI
      • BMW
      • CHRYSLER Corp.
        • CHRYSLER
        • Dodge
        • Eagle
        • PLYMOUTH
      • General Motors
        • BUICK
        • CHEVROLET
        • GMC
        • OLDSMOBILE
        • Optima
        • PONTIAC
      • HYUNDAI
      • Jaguar
      • KIA
      • MAZDA
      • MERCEDES-BENZ
      • Mercury
      • MERKUR
      • MITSUBISHI
      • NISSAN
      • RENAULT
      • SATURN
      • Smart
      • SUBARU
      • SUZUKI
      • TOYOTA
      • VOLKSWAGEN
      • VOLVO
      • All Others
  • Metric Conversions
    • Engine Displacement Conversion Table - ECAT
      • Conversion Table
    • Metric Conversions
      • Metric Conversions
        • Notes
        • Length
        • Volume
        • Torque
        • Pressure
      • Conversion Factors
  • OEM General Information
    • How To Use The Engine Performance Section
      • * Please Read This First *
      • How To Use The Engine Performance Section
      • Application
        • Notes
        • Introduction/Engine/VIN Id
      • Emission Applications
        • Notes
        • Emission Application Tables
      • Specifications
        • Notes
        • Service & Adjustment Specifications
      • Adjustment
        • Notes
        • On-Vehicle Adjustments
      • Theory & Operation
      • Testing & Diagnostics
        • Notes
        • Basic Diagnostic Procedures/Basic Testing
        • Self-Diagnostics/Tests W/Codes
        • Trouble Shooting - No Codes/Tests W/O Codes
        • System & Component Testing
      • Pin Voltage Charts
      • Sensor Range Charts
        • Notes
        • Sensor Operating Range Charts
      • Vacuum Hose Diagram(S)
      • Removal, Overhaul & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams - Engine Performance
        • Notes
        • 2002 & Earlier
        • 2003 & Later
  • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
    • A/C Filter Service Reminder
      • Notes
      • A/C Filter Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder
      • Notes
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Oil Life Reset - Base Instrument Cluster
        • Oil Life Reset - Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
        • Non-Hybrid
        • Hybrid
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
        • Owner's Manual 1
        • Owner's Manual 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 11
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 12
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 13
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 14
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 15
        • Base Message Center
        • Uplevel Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 16
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 17
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 18
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 19
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 20
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 21
        • Notes
        • Without Message Center
        • With Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 22
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 23
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 24
        • Path 1
        • Path 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 25
        • Base Cluster
        • High Series Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 26
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 2.3 Inch Screen/4.2 Inch Screen
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 8 Inch Screen
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 27
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 28
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Overhead Warning Lights)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Sri)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (VMM)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Tire Pressure Monitor System Reminder
      • Notes
      • Tire Pressure Sensor Types
        • Notes
        • Banded Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Bolt-On Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Snap-In Sensor
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
        • Notes
        • Vehicles With Message Center
        • Vehicles Without Message Center
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
        • Notes
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Single Rear Wheel
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Dual Rear Wheel
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
        • Overview
        • Carrying Out the System Reset Procedure
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 2.3" information display, scroll to:
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 4.2" information display, scroll to:
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
  • Specifications Index
    • Common Specs & Procedures
      • Specifications Index
  • Steering
    • Map - Steering, Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels & Tires
      • Steering & Suspension Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Wheel And Tire
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
      • Steering & Suspension CHECKSHEET
      • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
      • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
        • Notes
        • Active Handling
        • Active Suspension Control Modules
        • Active Variable Ratio Steering
        • Active Yaw Control
        • Adaptive Cruise Control
        • Advance TRAC
        • Air Bags
        • Air Ride Control Modules
        • Air Ride Suspension Torsion Springs (Counter Balancing)
        • Air Ride Suspension
        • Air Ride Tubes
        • Air Shocks And Air Struts
        • Air Spring Valves
        • Air Springs
        • Air Suspension Control Valves
        • Air Suspension DRIERS
        • Axle Acceleration Sensor
        • Ball Joints
        • Body Acceleration Sensor
        • Bushings
        • Center Links
        • Compressors
        • Continuous Damping Control
        • Control Arm Shafts
        • Control Arms
        • Control Modules
        • Distance Regulation Control Module
        • Distance Regulation Sensor
        • Drag Links
        • Dynamic Stability Control
        • Dynamic Stability Traction Control
        • Electronic Ride Control Shocks And Struts
        • Electronic Stability Control
        • Electronic Suspension System
        • Flex Couplers
        • Gaskets
        • Height Sensors
        • Hydraulic Hoses
        • Hydraulic Power Steering Pumps
        • Hydraulic Suspension Hoses
        • Hydraulic Suspension Pumps
        • Idler Arms
        • Intermediate Shaft U-Joints
        • King Pins
        • Modules
        • Pitman Arms
        • Power Steering Belts
        • Power Steering Coolers
        • Power Steering Fluid
        • Power Steering Hoses
        • Power Steering Lines (Steel)
        • Power Steering Pumps - Electric
        • Power Steering Pumps
        • Radar Sensor
        • Radius Arms
        • Relay Rods
        • Relays
        • Sensors
        • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
        • Spindles
        • Springs, Coil, Leaf And Torsion Bars
        • STABILITRAC
        • Stability Management System
        • Steering Angle Sensor
        • Steering Arms
        • Steering Couplers
        • Steering Dampers
        • Steering Gears (Except Rack And Pinion)
        • Steering Gears, Rack And Pinion
        • Steering Knuckles
        • Strike Out Bumpers
        • Strut Bearing Plate Assemblies
        • Strut Rods
        • Suspension Pumps (Hydraulic)
        • Sway Bar Links
        • Sway Bar Mounting Bushings
        • Sway Bars
        • Switches
        • Tie Rod Ends (Inner And Outer)
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
        • Tire Pressure Sensors
        • Tires
        • Torque Sensor
        • Torsion Springs
        • Track Bar Bushings
        • Track Bars
        • Trailing Arm Bushings
        • Trailing Arms
        • Valve Stems
        • Vehicle Dynamics Control
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor
        • Vehicle Stability Assist
        • Vehicle Stability/Skid Control
        • Warning Lamps
        • Wheel Alignment
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheels (Rims)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Pre-Alignment Instructions
        • Notes
        • General Alignment Checks
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Camber
        • Caster
        • Toe-In Adjustment
        • Toe-Out On Turns
        • Steering Axis Inclination
  • Trouble Shooting - Manual Transmission - General Information
    • * Please Read This First *
    • Introduction
• Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
  • A/C Compressor
    • HVAC Systems - Compressor Servicing
      • Ford FS-10 10-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch & Clutch Field Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Ford SC115 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • General Motors DELPHI-Thermal (HARRISON) CVC- 6/CVC-7, Hd6/Ht6/HU6, Hd6/Hr-6HE 6, V5 & V7.
        • Compressor Clutch Plate & Hub Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Control Valve (Variable Displacement Compressors Only)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Clutch Rotor/Bearing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • High Pressure Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Identifying Compressor Components
        • Shaft Seal
      • MITSUBISHI ASTT
      • MITSUBISHI Scroll
      • NIPPONDENSO 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • NIPPONDENSO 10S15/10S17/10S20
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • NIPPONDENSO 10PA17 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Removal (Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (Grand Cherokee)
        • Shaft Seal
      • SANDEN Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal & Installation (General Motors)
      • SANDEN SD-7H15 7-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal (All Models)
          • Installation (Cherokee)
          • Installation (Dakota, Durango & Ram Pickup)
      • SANDEN TRS-90 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • SANDEN TRS-105 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • ZEXEL (SATURN - Variable Displacement Type)
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal ("S" Series)
          • Installation ("S" Series)
          • Removal ("L" Series)
          • Installation ("L" Series)
          • Removal (VUE)
          • Installation (VUE)
        • Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • General Servicing
    • Cabin Air Filter
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Cabin Air Filter
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • HVAC Systems - Compressor Servicing
      • Ford FS-10 10-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch & Clutch Field Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Ford SC115 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • General Motors DELPHI-Thermal (HARRISON) CVC- 6/CVC-7, Hd6/Ht6/HU6, Hd6/Hr-6HE 6, V5 & V7.
        • Compressor Clutch Plate & Hub Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Control Valve (Variable Displacement Compressors Only)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Clutch Rotor/Bearing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • High Pressure Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Identifying Compressor Components
        • Shaft Seal
      • MITSUBISHI ASTT
      • MITSUBISHI Scroll
      • NIPPONDENSO 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • NIPPONDENSO 10S15/10S17/10S20
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • NIPPONDENSO 10PA17 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Removal (Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (Grand Cherokee)
        • Shaft Seal
      • SANDEN Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal & Installation (General Motors)
      • SANDEN SD-7H15 7-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal (All Models)
          • Installation (Cherokee)
          • Installation (Dakota, Durango & Ram Pickup)
      • SANDEN TRS-90 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • SANDEN TRS-105 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • ZEXEL (SATURN - Variable Displacement Type)
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal ("S" Series)
          • Installation ("S" Series)
          • Removal ("L" Series)
          • Installation ("L" Series)
          • Removal (VUE)
          • Installation (VUE)
        • Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • HVAC Systems - General Servicing
      • USING R-134a REFRIGERANT
        • Handling/Safety Precautions
        • IDENTIFYING R-134a SYSTEMS & COMPONENTS
          • Notes
          • Fittings & "O" Rings
          • Underhood A/C Specification Labels
        • Refrigerant Oils
      • System Service Valves
        • SCHRADER-Type Valves
        • Special Valve Connectors
        • R-134a SERVICE VALVES/PORTS
        • Service Valve Locations
      • Service Equipment
      • Manifold Gauge Set
        • Notes
        • Connecting Gauge Set
          • Notes
          • Schrader-Type Valves
        • Stabilizing A/C System
      • Pressure-Temperature Relationship
      • Pressure Gauge Readings
      • Recovery/Evacuation & Recharging
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Service Equipment
          • Manifold Gauge Set Connections
          • Refrigerant Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuate
          • Refrigerant System Charge
        • Ford Motor Co.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation
          • Refrigerant System Charging
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Filtering Procedures (Ford)
        • A/C System Filtering (Focus)
        • A/C System Filtering (Villager)
        • A/C System Filtering (Except Focus & Villager)
      • Flushing Procedures
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Leak Testing
        • Notes
        • Types Of Leak Detectors
          • Bubble Solution Detector
          • Dye Solution
          • Fluorescent Leak Detection
          • Electronic Leak Detector
        • Preparation For Leak Testing
        • Bubble Detector Leak Testing Procedure
        • Electronic Leak Testing Procedure
        • Dye Solution Leak Testing Procedures
        • Fluorescent Dye Leak Testing Procedures
  • HVAC Control Systems
    • HVAC System
      • Description
        • Notes
        • Air Distribution & Filtering
      • Operation
        • Control Panel Assembly
          • Temperature Control Knob
          • Function Selector Knob
          • Blower Switch
        • Heating & Ventilation
      • Component Locations
      • Troubleshooting
        • Poor Ventilation
        • Heater Core Housing Whistling Noises
      • Symptom Tests
        • Notes
        • Test D: Blower Motor Does Not Operate
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test E: Blower Motor Is Inoperative At Low Speeds
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test F: Blower Motor Operates Continuously At High Speed
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Air Distribution & Temperature Control Cables
          • Removal & Installation
        • Blower Motor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Control Panel Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
        • Floor Console
          • Removal & Installation (A/T)
          • Removal & Installation (M/T)
        • Heater Core
          • Removal & Installation
        • Heater Core And Evaporator Core Housing
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Passenger Compartment Air Filter
          • Removal & Installation
        • RECIRCULATION Air Actuator
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • HVAC Systems - Compressor Servicing
      • Ford FS-10 10-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch & Clutch Field Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Ford SC115 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • General Motors DELPHI-Thermal (HARRISON) CVC- 6/CVC-7, Hd6/Ht6/HU6, Hd6/Hr-6HE 6, V5 & V7.
        • Compressor Clutch Plate & Hub Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Control Valve (Variable Displacement Compressors Only)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Clutch Rotor/Bearing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • High Pressure Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Identifying Compressor Components
        • Shaft Seal
      • MITSUBISHI ASTT
      • MITSUBISHI Scroll
      • NIPPONDENSO 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • NIPPONDENSO 10S15/10S17/10S20
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • NIPPONDENSO 10PA17 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Removal (Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (Grand Cherokee)
        • Shaft Seal
      • SANDEN Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal & Installation (General Motors)
      • SANDEN SD-7H15 7-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal (All Models)
          • Installation (Cherokee)
          • Installation (Dakota, Durango & Ram Pickup)
      • SANDEN TRS-90 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • SANDEN TRS-105 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • ZEXEL (SATURN - Variable Displacement Type)
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal ("S" Series)
          • Installation ("S" Series)
          • Removal ("L" Series)
          • Installation ("L" Series)
          • Removal (VUE)
          • Installation (VUE)
        • Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • HVAC Systems - General Servicing
      • USING R-134a REFRIGERANT
        • Handling/Safety Precautions
        • IDENTIFYING R-134a SYSTEMS & COMPONENTS
          • Notes
          • Fittings & "O" Rings
          • Underhood A/C Specification Labels
        • Refrigerant Oils
      • System Service Valves
        • SCHRADER-Type Valves
        • Special Valve Connectors
        • R-134a SERVICE VALVES/PORTS
        • Service Valve Locations
      • Service Equipment
      • Manifold Gauge Set
        • Notes
        • Connecting Gauge Set
          • Notes
          • Schrader-Type Valves
        • Stabilizing A/C System
      • Pressure-Temperature Relationship
      • Pressure Gauge Readings
      • Recovery/Evacuation & Recharging
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Service Equipment
          • Manifold Gauge Set Connections
          • Refrigerant Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuate
          • Refrigerant System Charge
        • Ford Motor Co.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation
          • Refrigerant System Charging
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Filtering Procedures (Ford)
        • A/C System Filtering (Focus)
        • A/C System Filtering (Villager)
        • A/C System Filtering (Except Focus & Villager)
      • Flushing Procedures
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Leak Testing
        • Notes
        • Types Of Leak Detectors
          • Bubble Solution Detector
          • Dye Solution
          • Fluorescent Leak Detection
          • Electronic Leak Detector
        • Preparation For Leak Testing
        • Bubble Detector Leak Testing Procedure
        • Electronic Leak Testing Procedure
        • Dye Solution Leak Testing Procedures
        • Fluorescent Dye Leak Testing Procedures
    • Manual HVAC Systems
      • Specifications
      • Description
        • Notes
        • A/C Heater System
      • Operation
        • Accumulator-Drier
        • Compressor
        • Control Panel Assembly
          • Temperature Control Knob
          • Function Selector Knob
          • Blower Switch
        • Dual-Pressure Switch
        • Low-Pressure Switch
        • Orifice Tube
        • THERMO Switch
      • Component Locations
      • Symptom Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: A/C Does Not Operate Or Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test B: A/C Is Always On
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test C: A/C Does Not Operate When Function Selector Knob Is In Defrost Position
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Accumulator-Drier
          • Removal & Installation
        • Compressor
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Condenser Core
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Evaporator Core
          • Removal & Installation
        • Heater Core And Evaporator Core Housing
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Heater Core
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Floor Console
          • Removal & Installation (A/T)
          • Removal & Installation (M/T)
        • High Pressure Cut-Off Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Low Pressure Cut-Off Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Orifice Tube
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
• Maintenance
  • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
    • A/C Filter Service Reminder
      • Notes
      • A/C Filter Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder
      • Notes
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Oil Life Reset - Base Instrument Cluster
        • Oil Life Reset - Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
        • Non-Hybrid
        • Hybrid
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
        • Owner's Manual 1
        • Owner's Manual 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 11
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 12
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 13
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 14
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 15
        • Base Message Center
        • Uplevel Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 16
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 17
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 18
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 19
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 20
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 21
        • Notes
        • Without Message Center
        • With Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 22
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 23
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 24
        • Path 1
        • Path 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 25
        • Base Cluster
        • High Series Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 26
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 2.3 Inch Screen/4.2 Inch Screen
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 8 Inch Screen
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 27
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 28
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Overhead Warning Lights)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Sri)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (VMM)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Tire Pressure Monitor System Reminder
      • Notes
      • Tire Pressure Sensor Types
        • Notes
        • Banded Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Bolt-On Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Snap-In Sensor
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
        • Notes
        • Vehicles With Message Center
        • Vehicles Without Message Center
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
        • Notes
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Single Rear Wheel
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Dual Rear Wheel
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
        • Overview
        • Carrying Out the System Reset Procedure
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 2.3" information display, scroll to:
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 4.2" information display, scroll to:
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
• Restraints
  • Air Bag, SRS
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Back-Up Power Supply
        • CLOCKSPRING
        • Dual-Stage Driver-Side Air Bag Module
        • Dual-Stage Passenger-Side Air Bag Module
        • Front Impact Sensor
        • Left Front Seat Belt Retractor PRETENSIONER
        • Restraints Control Module (RCM)
        • Right Front Seat Belt Buckle PRETENSIONER
        • Seat Track Position Sensor
        • Side Air Bag Module
        • Side Crash Sensor
      • Component Locations
      • System Operation Check
      • Air Bag Safety Precautions
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • CLOCKSPRING Centering
      • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
        • Notes
        • Disabling System
          • Notes
          • For Component Replacement
          • For Diagnostics
        • Activating System
          • For Component Replacement
          • For Diagnostics
        • Air Bag Simulator
      • Disposal Procedures
        • Notes
        • Deployed Unit
        • UNDEPLOYED-Faulty Unit
        • Scrapped Vehicle
          • Notes
          • Remote Deployment Of AIR Bag Or Pretensioner
      • Post-Collision Inspection
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Center Console
          • Removal & Installation (Manual Transmission)
          • Removal & Installation (Automatic Transmission)
        • CLOCKSPRING
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Dual-Stage Driver-Side Air Bag Module
          • Removal & Installation
        • Dual-Stage Passenger-Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Impact Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Seat
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Seat Back
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Removal & Installation
        • Restraints Control Module (RCM)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Seat Belt PRETENSIONER
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Seat Belt Buckle Pretensioner)
          • Removal & Installation (Seat Belt Retractor Pretensioner)
        • Seat Track Position Sensor
        • Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Side Crash Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Column
          • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Wheel
          • Removal & Installation
      • Diagnostics
        • Notes
        • Self-Diagnostics
        • Module Configuration Procedure
        • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Using Scan Tool
        • Retrieving DTCS
        • Clearing DTCS
        • On-Demand Self-Test
        • Active Commands
        • PID/Data Monitor & Record
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Notes
        • RCM Does Not Respond
        • Test A: No Communication With RCM
        • Test B: Air Bag Warning Light On Continuously
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test C: Crash Data Memory Full (DTC B1231)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
          • Check Condition Of RCM Module Mounting Bracket
        • Test D: Driver-Side Air Bag Circuit Short To Battery (DTC B1916)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test E: Driver-Side Air Bag Circuit Open (DTC B1932)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test F: Driver-Side Air Bag Circuit Capacitance Out Of Range (DTC B1915)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test G: Passenger-Side Air Bag Short To Battery (DTC B1925)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test H: Passenger-Side Air Bag Circuit Open (DTC B1933)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test I: Passenger-Side Air Bag Circuit Capacitance Out Of Range (DTC B1920)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test J: Left Side Air Bag Circuit Short To Battery (DTC B1992)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test K: Left Side Air Bag Circuit Open (DTC B1994)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test L: Left Side Air Bag Circuit Capacitance Out Of Range (DTC B2117)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test M: Right Side Air Bag Circuit Short To Battery (DTC B1996)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test N: Right Side Air Bag Circuit Open (DTC B1998)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test O: Right Side Air Bag Circuit Capacitance Out Of Range (DTC B2118)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test P: Left Side Crash Sensor Internal Fault/Short To Ground Or Battery (DTC B2873)
          • Notes
          • Description
        • Test Q: Right Side Crash Sensor Internal Fault/Short To Ground Or Battery (DTC B2874)
          • Notes
          • Description
        • Test R: Left Seat Belt PRETENSIONER Short To Battery (DTC B1878)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test S: Left Seat Belt PRETENSIONER Circuit Open (DTC B1877)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test T: Left Seat Belt PRETENSIONER Circuit Failure (DTC B1876)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test U: Right Seat Belt PRETENSIONER Short To Battery (DTC B1882)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test V: Right Seat Belt PRETENSIONER Circuit Open (DTC B1881)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test W: Right Seat Belt PRETENSIONER Circuit Failure (DTC B1880)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test X: Driver-Side Air Bag Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1936)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Y: Driver-Side Air Bag Inflator Circuit Resistance Low (DTC B1934)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Z: Passenger-Side Air Bag Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1938)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Aa: Passenger-Side Air Bag Inflator Circuit Resistance Low (DTC B1935)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Ab: Left Side Air Bag Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1993)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Ac: Left Side Air Bag Circuit Low Resistance (DTC B1995)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Ad: Right Side Air Bag Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1997)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test AE: Right Side Air Bag Circuit Low Resistance (DTC B1999)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test AF: Left Seat Belt PRETENSIONER Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1879)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Ag: Left Seat Belt PRETENSIONER Circuit Resistance Low (DTC B1885)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Ah: Right Seat Belt PRETENSIONER Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1883)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Ai: Right Seat Belt PRETENSIONER Circuit Resistance Low (DTC B1886)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test AJ: Air Bag Warning Light Circuit Open (DTC B1869)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test AK: Air Bag Warning Light Circuit Short To Battery (DTC B1870)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Al: Driver-Side Air Bag Second Stage IGNITOR Failure (DTCS B2228, B2230 & B2232)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Am: Passenger-Side Air Bag Second Stage IGNITOR Failure (DTCS B2229, B2231, B2233 & B2235)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test An: Seat Belt Switch Circuit Failure (DTC B1462)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test AO: Left Front Seat Belt Switch Failure (DTCS B2433, B2434 & B2435)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test AP: Right Front Seat Belt Switch Failure (DTCS B2437, B2438 & B2439)
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test AQ: Left Front Seat Track Position Sensor Failure (DTC C1947, C1948 & C1982)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Ar: Front Impact Sensor Failure (DTCS B2855, B2226, B2227 & B2856)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
      • Wire Repair
        • Notes
        • Repair Procedure
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System -- Air Bag/SRS Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • Ford Motor Co. (1988-04)
  • Restraints Control Systems
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System -- Air Bag/SRS Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • Ford Motor Co. (1988-04)
  • Seat Belts
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System -- Air Bag/SRS Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • Ford Motor Co. (1988-04)
• Steering
  • Manual Steering
    • Power Steering System
      • Specifications
        • Lubricants, Fluids, Sealers and Adhesives
        • Steering Gear Insulator Bushing
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • 2.0L Zetec-E shown, other variants similar
      • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Removal And Installation
        • Power Steering Pump - 2.0L Zetec-E (Zetec)
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Pump - 2.0L SPI
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Pump - 2.0L Duratec-ST (Zetec)
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Pump Pulley
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Pump to Steering Gear Pressure Line
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Fluid Cooler
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Gear
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Gear Bushing
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Steering Linkage
      • Specifications
        • Lubricants, Fluids, Sealers and Adhesives
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
      • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Removal And Installation
        • Tie-Rod
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Tie-Rod End
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Gear Boot
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Steering System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • Lubricants, Fluids, Sealers and Adhesives
        • Steering Gear Insulator Bushing
        • Turning Effort
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering System
          • Principles of Operations
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
            • Steering Linkage
      • General Procedures
        • Power Steering System Flushing
          • Flushing
        • Power Steering System Bleeding
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Bleeding
        • Power Steering System Filling
          • Material
          • Refill
        • Tie-Rod End Inspection
  • Power Steering
    • Power Steering System
      • Specifications
        • Lubricants, Fluids, Sealers and Adhesives
        • Steering Gear Insulator Bushing
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • 2.0L Zetec-E shown, other variants similar
      • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Removal And Installation
        • Power Steering Pump - 2.0L Zetec-E (Zetec)
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Pump - 2.0L SPI
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Pump - 2.0L Duratec-ST (Zetec)
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Pump Pulley
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Pump to Steering Gear Pressure Line
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Fluid Cooler
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Gear
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Gear Bushing
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Steering Linkage
      • Specifications
        • Lubricants, Fluids, Sealers and Adhesives
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
      • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Removal And Installation
        • Tie-Rod
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Tie-Rod End
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Gear Boot
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Steering System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • Lubricants, Fluids, Sealers and Adhesives
        • Steering Gear Insulator Bushing
        • Turning Effort
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering System
          • Principles of Operations
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
            • Steering Linkage
      • General Procedures
        • Power Steering System Flushing
          • Flushing
        • Power Steering System Bleeding
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Bleeding
        • Power Steering System Filling
          • Material
          • Refill
        • Tie-Rod End Inspection
  • Steering Column
    • Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
    • Diagnosis And Testing
    • Removal And Installation
      • Steering Wheel
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Steering Column
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Installation
    • Disassembly And Assembly
      • Steering Column
        • Material
        • Disassembly
        • Assembly
  • Steering Linkage
    • Specifications
      • Lubricants, Fluids, Sealers and Adhesives
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
    • Diagnosis And Testing
    • Removal And Installation
      • Tie-Rod
        • Material
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Tie-Rod End
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Steering Gear Boot
        • Removal
        • Installation
• Suspension
  • Front Suspension System
    • Description
    • Adjustments & Inspection
      • Lower Ball Joint Checking
      • Front Wheel Bearings
      • Wheel Alignment
    • Removal & Installation
      • Coil Spring & Strut Assembly
        • Removal
        • Disassembly & Reassembly
        • Installation
      • Hub/Steering Knuckle Assembly
        • Removal
        • Disassembly & Reassembly
        • Installation
      • Lower Ball Joint
      • Lower Control Arm
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Stabilizer Bar
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Wheel Bearings
        • Removal & Installation
    • Torque Specifications
  • Rear Suspension System
    • Description & Operation
    • Removal & Installation
      • Wheel Hub
        • Removal
          • All vehicles
          • Vehicles with rear disc brakes
          • Vehicles with rear drum brakes
        • Installation
          • Vehicles with rear drum brakes
          • Vehicles with rear disc brakes
          • All vehicles
      • Wheel Bearing - 2.0L Zetec-E (Zetec)/2.0L SPI, Vehicles With: Rear Drum Brakes
        • Notes
        • Removal
          • All vehicles
          • Vehicles with anti-lock brakes
        • Installation
          • All vehicles
          • Vehicles with anti-lock brakes
      • Wheel Bearing - Vehicles With: Rear Disc Brakes
        • Notes
        • Removal
          • All vehicles
          • Vehicles with anti-lock brakes
        • Installation
          • All vehicles
          • Vehicles with anti-lock brakes
      • Front Lower Arm
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Rear Lower Arm
        • Removal
          • All vehicles
          • Wagon
          • 3-door, 4-door and 5-door
        • Installation
          • All vehicles
          • 3-door, 4-door and 5-door
          • Wagon
      • Upper Arm
        • Removal
          • All vehicles
          • Wagon
        • Installation
          • All vehicles
          • Wagon
      • Stabilizer Bar
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Wheel Knuckle
        • Removal
          • Vehicles with rear disc brakes
          • Vehicles with rear drum brakes
          • All vehicles
          • Wagon
        • Installation
          • All vehicles
          • Wagon
          • 3-door, 4-door and 5-door
          • Vehicles with rear drum brakes
          • Vehicles with rear disc brakes
      • Wheel Spindle
        • Removal
          • All Vehicles
          • Vehicles with anti-lock brakes
        • Installation
          • All Vehicles
          • Vehicles with anti-lock brakes
      • Shock Absorber - Wagon
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Shock Absorber - 3-Door/4-Door/5-Door
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Spring
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Spring - Wagon
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Crossmember
        • Removal
          • All vehicles
          • 3-door, 4-door and 5-door
          • Wagon
        • Installation
          • All vehicles
          • Wagon
          • 3-door, 4-door and 5-door
    • Torque Specifications
  • Wheel Alignment Specifications & Adjustment Procedures
    • Jacking & Hoisting
      • Floor Jack
      • Hoist
    • Riding Height Adjustment
      • Notes
      • Checking Procedure
    • Wheel Alignment Procedures
      • Camber Adjustment
        • Front
        • Rear
      • Caster Adjustment
      • Toe-In Adjustment
        • Front
        • Rear
    • Torque Specifications
    • Wheel Alignment Specifications
• Transmission
  • Clutch
    • Clutch Controls System - Mt285/MTX75 Manual Transmission
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Clutch Controls
          • Clutch mechanism components
          • Reservoir
          • Clutch master cylinder
          • Clutch slave cylinder
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Clutch Controls
      • Removal And Installation
        • Clutch Master Cylinder
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Clutch Slave Cylinder
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Clutch System
      • Application
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Fluid Reservoir
        • Clutch Master Cylinder
        • Clutch Slave Cylinder
      • Bleeding Hydraulic System
        • Notes
        • Bleeding Procedure
          • iB5 & MT285 Transaxles
          • MTX-75 Transaxle
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Clutch
        • Clutch Pedal Travel
        • Gearshift Cables
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Symptom Diagnosis
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Inspection
          • Installation
        • Clutch Master Cylinder
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Clutch Slave Cylinder
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Flywheel
          • Removal & Installation
        • Transaxle
          • Notes
          • Removal (iB5)
          • Installation
          • Removal (MT285)
          • Removal (MTX-75)
      • Overhaul
      • Torque Specifications
    • Clutch System - MTX-75 Manual Transmission
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Clutch
          • Clutch Components
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Clutch
      • Removal And Installation
        • Clutch Disc and Pressure Plate
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Manual Trans
    • Manual Transmission - MTX75
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Manual Transaxle
          • Notes
          • Input and Output Shaft
            • General View of the Input and Output Shaft
            • Differential
          • Power Flow
            • First Gear
            • Second Gear
            • Third Gear
            • Fourth Gear
            • Fifth Gear
            • Reverse Gear
            • Reverse Gear Idler
            • Selector Interlock Mechanism
          • General Illustrations
            • Input Shaft - Vehicles built up to 08/2001
            • Input Shaft - Vehicles built 08/2001 onwards
            • Third, Fourth, Fifth and Reverse Gear Output Shaft - Vehicles built up to 07/2000
            • First and Second Gear Output Shaft - Vehicles built up to 07/2000
            • Output Shaft - Vehicles built 08/2000 onwards
            • Selector Mechanism - Vehicles built up to 01/2000
            • Selector Mechanism Housing - Vehicles built up to 01/2000
            • Selector Gate - Vehicles built up to 01/2000
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Manual Transaxle - Vehicles With: Manual Transaxle
      • General Procedures
        • Drain Procedure
        • Fill Procedure
        • Bearing Check
      • In-Vehicle Repair
        • Halfshaft Seal LH
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
          • Material
      • Removal
        • Transaxle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • General Equipment
          • Removal
      • Disassembly
        • Transaxle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
      • Disassembly And Assembly Of Subassemblies
        • Selector Plate
          • General Equipment
          • Material
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Input Shaft
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Output Shaft
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Differential
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
      • Assembly
        • Transaxle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Assembly
      • Installation
        • Transaxle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • General Equipment
          • Material
          • Installation
    • Manual Transmission And Clutch System - General Information
      • Specifications
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Manual Transaxle and Clutch
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Verify Customer Concern
          • Check Transmission Fluid Level and Condition
          • Evaluation of Clutch Hydraulic System
          • Evaluation Of The Clutch
          • Inspect The Gearshift Mechanism
          • Road Test the Vehicle
          • Symptom Chart - Transaxle
          • Pinpoint Test
            • Pinpoint Test A: Clutch Slippage
            • Pinpoint Test B: Clutch Chatter, Rattle Or Shudder
            • Pinpoint Test C: Clutch Drag
            • Pinpoint Test D: Clutch Pedal Pulsation
            • Pinpoint Test E: Clutch Related Vibrations
            • Pinpoint Test F: Hard Shifting
            • Pinpoint Test G: Excessive Noise
            • Pinpoint Test H: Clutch Fluid Leakage
      • General Procedures
        • Clutch Slave Cylinder Check
        • Clutch System Bleeding - Vehicles With: iB5/Manual Transaxle
        • Clutch System Bleeding - Vehicles With: MTX-75/Manual Transaxle
        • Clutch System Bleeding - Vehicles With: MT285
        • Gearshift Cable Adjustment - Vehicles With: MTX-75/Manual Transaxle
        • Gearshift Linkage Adjustment - Vehicles With: iB5/Manual Transaxle
        • Gearshift Cable Adjustment - Vehicles With: MT285
    • Manual Transmission External Control System - MTX75
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • External Controls
          • Overview of gearshift linkage
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • External Controls
          • Notes
          • Symptom Chart
          • System Testing
            • Pinpoint Test A: Stiff Gearshift
      • Removal And Installation
        • Gearshift Linkage
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Gearshift Lever
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Gearshift Cables
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Gearshift Lever
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Manual Transmission Servicing
      • Application
      • Identification
      • Lubrication
        • Service Intervals
        • Checking Fluid Level
          • Cougar, Focus, LS & Mustang
          • ZX2
        • Recommended Fluids
        • Fluid Capacities
        • Draining & Refilling
      • Adjustments
        • Gearshift Cable
          • Notes
          • Cougar
          • Focus (With MTX-75)
          • Focus (With IB5)
          • Focus (With MT285)
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Gearshift Cable
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
          • Removal & Installation (Focus)
        • Gearshift Linkage
          • Removal & Installation (ZX2)
        • Output Shaft Speed Sensor
          • Removal & Installation (Mustang)
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
          • Removal & Installation (ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Focus - With IB5)
          • Removal & Installation (LS)
      • Torque Specifications
• External Pages