Repair and Diagnosis (Single Page)

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• Quick Lookups
  • Common Specs & Procedures
    • Specifications Index
  • DTC Index
    • A/C-Heater Systems DTCS
    • Air Bag Restraint Systems DTCS
    • Anti-Lock Brakes DTCS
    • Anti-Theft Systems (Active) DTCS
    • Anti-Theft Systems (Passive) DTCS
    • AUTOLAMP Systems DTCS
    • Automatic Transmission Electronic Controls Diagnosis (Ax4S) DTCS
    • Automatic Transmission Electronic Controls Diagnosis (4F50N) DTCS
    • Electric Cooling Fans DTCS
    • Evaporative Emissions DTCS
    • Instrument Panels DTCS
    • Power Door Locks & Remote Keyless Entry Systems DTCS
    • Power Windows DTCS
    • Rear Window Defoggers DTCS
    • Self-Diagnostics DTCS
    • Steering Column Switches DTCS
    • Wiper/Washer Systems DTCS
  • Electrical Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Imported Cars & Trucks
        • ACURA
        • AUDI
        • BENTLEY
        • BMW
        • DAIHATSU
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • FERRARI
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • HONDA
        • HYUNDAI
        • INFINITI
        • ISUZU
        • Jaguar
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        • Land Rover
        • LEXUS
        • MAZDA
        • MERCEDES-BENZ
        • MITSUBISHI
        • NISSAN
        • PEUGEOT
        • PORSCHE
        • RENAULT
        • Rolls-ROYCE
        • SAAB
        • SUBARU
        • SUZUKI
        • TOYOTA
        • VOLKSWAGEN
        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
      • Grounds
      • Splices
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fluids
  • Technical Bulletins
    • Campaigns
    • Safety Recalls
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Tire Fitment
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C clutch solenoid connector end view (C100)
        • Crankshaft position sensor connector end view (C101)
        • Generator connector end view (C102)
        • Oil pressure switch connector end view (C103)
        • Knock sensor connector end view (C108)
        • Knock sensor connector end view (C109)
        • Inline Connector end view (C110)
        • Speed control servo connector end view (C122)
        • EVAP canister purge valve connector end view (C123)
        • Brake fluid level switch connector end view (C124)
        • Windshield wiper motor connector end view (C125)
        • Anti... theft hood switch connector end view (C127)
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor connector end view (C128)
        • Low charge protection switch connector end view (C130)
        • Horn connector end view (C131)
        • Inline Connector end view (C133)
        • ABS control module connector end view (C135)
        • Windshield washer pump motor connector end view (C137)
        • Inline Connector end view (C139)
        • Inline Connector end view (C140)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #22 connector end view (C141)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 connector end view (C142)
        • Turbine shaft speed sensor connector end view (C143)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left front connector end view (C150)
        • Fog lamp, left front connector end view (C152)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right front connector end view (C160)
        • Fog lamp, right front connector end view (C162)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) sensor connector end view (C167)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 connector end view (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #21 connector end view (C172)
        • Ignition transformer capacitor 1 connector end view (C174)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) connector end view (C175)
        • Non... Speed control jumper connector end view (C176)
        • Forward crash sensor connector end view (C177)
        • Camshaft position sensor connector end view (C180)
        • Injector 1 connector end view (C181)
        • Injector 2 connector end view (C182)
        • Injector 3 connector end view (C183)
        • Injector 4 connector end view (C184)
        • Injector 5 connector end view (C185)
        • Injector 6 connector end view (C186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) connector end view (C189)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) sensor connector end view (C193)
        • Daytime running lamps resistor connector end view (C196)
        • Ambient air temperature sensor connector end view (C198)
        • AX4S/AX4N Transmission connector end view (C199)
        • Generator Electronic Module (GEM) connector end view (C201a)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) connector end view (C201b)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) connector end view (C201c)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) connector end view (C201d)
        • Multifunction switch connector end view (C202a)
        • Multifunction switch connector end view (C202b)
        • Main light switch connector end view (C205a)
        • Main light switch connector end view (C205b)
        • Luggage compartment lid release switch connector end view (C207)
        • Inline Connector end view (C211)
        • Inline Connector end view (C212)
        • Inline Connector end view (C214)
        • Driver air bag unit connector end view (C216)
        • Air bag sliding contact connector end view (C218a)
        • Air bag sliding contact connector end view (C218b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C219)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C220a)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C220b)
        • Remote Climate Control (RCC) module connector end view (C228)
        • In... vehicle temperature sensor connector end view (C233)
        • CD changer connector end view (C243)
        • Ignition switch connector end view (C250)
        • Data Link Connector (DLC) connector end view (C251)
        • Passive anti... theft transceiver module connector end view (C252)
        • Glove box lamp connector end view (C254)
        • Passenger air bag module connector end view (C256)
        • Inline Connector end view (C260)
        • Inline Connector end view (C263)
        • Inline Connector end view (C264)
        • Inline Connector end view (C265)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) connector end view (C270a)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) connector end view (C270b)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) connector end view (C270c)
        • Front blower motor speed controller connector end view (C271a)
        • Front blower motor speed controller connector end view (C271b)
        • Deactivator Switch connector end view (C277)
        • Brake pedal position switch connector end view (C278)
        • Traction control switch connector end view (C280)
        • Photocell and amplifier connector end view (C287)
        • Temperature blend door actuator connector end view (C289)
        • Inline Connector end view (C291)
        • Front blower motor resistor assembly connector end view (C293)
        • Function selector switch assembly connector end view (C294a)
        • Function selector switch assembly connector end view (C294b)
        • Function selector switch assembly connector end view (C294c)
        • Evaporator discharge air temperature sensor connector end view (C296)
        • High mounted stoplamp connector end view (C302a)
        • High mounted stoplamp connector end view (C302b)
        • Side air bag sensor, right connector end view (C304)
        • Side air bag sensor, left connector end view (C305)
        • Parking brake switch connector end view (C306)
        • Restraints control module connector end view (C310a)
        • Restraints control module connector end view (C310b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C313)
        • Inline Connector end view (C314)
        • Inline Connector end view (C315)
        • Inline Connector end view (C316)
        • Cigar lighter, front connector end view (C319)
        • Inline Connector end view (C327)
        • Inline Connector end view (C328)
        • Seat adjust switch, driver side front connector end view (C330)
        • Power seat motor assembly, right connector end view (C332)
        • Side air bag module, right connector end view (C337)
        • Inline Connector end view (C339)
        • Inline Connector end view (C340)
        • Seat track position sensor, left connector end view (C356)
        • Power seat motor assembly, left connector end view (C357)
        • Seat track position sensor, left connector end view (C358)
        • Seat adjust switch, driver side front connector end view (C360)
        • Side air bag module, left connector end view (C367)
        • Ashtray illumination lamp connector end view (C370)
        • In... line fuse connector end view (C375)
        • Power point connector end view (C380)
        • Safety belt assembly, left connector end view (C381)
        • Power antenna module connector end view (C387)
        • Rear Control Unit (RCU) connector end view (C388a)
        • Rear Control Unit (RCU) connector end view (C388b)
        • Rear Control Unit (RCU) connector end view (C388c)
        • Safety belt assembly, right connector end view (C389)
        • Docking station connector end view (C390)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) switch connector end view (C392)
        • Adjustable pedal switch connector end view (C393)
        • Rear window defrost grid connector end view (C402a)
        • Rear window defrost grid connector end view (C402b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C406)
        • Inline Connector end view (C408)
        • Inline Connector end view (C410)
        • Inline Connector end view (C411)
        • Park/turn lamp, left rear connector end view (C412)
        • Turn lamp, left rear connector end view (C413)
        • Park/turn lamp, right rear connector end view (C415)
        • Turn lamp, right rear connector end view (C416)
        • Park/stop lamp, right rear connector end view (C418)
        • Park/stop lamp, left rear connector end view (C419)
        • Inline Connector end view (C423)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right rear connector end view (C426)
        • Luggage compartment lamp connector end view (C428)
        • Luggage compartment lid release solenoid connector end view (C430)
        • Inline Connector end view (C431)
        • Inline Connector end view (C432)
        • Fuel pump driver module connector end view (C433)
        • Fuel sender connector end view (C434)
        • Fuel tank pressure transducer sensor connector end view (C435)
        • Inline Connector end view (C438)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left rear connector end view (C440)
        • Evaporative emission (EVAP) canister vent valve connector end view (C450)
        • Reversing lamp, left connector end view (C451)
        • License plate lamp, left connector end view (C452)
        • Reversing lamp, right connector end view (C461)
        • License plate lamp, right connector end view (C462)
        • Fuel pump connector end view (C463)
        • Inline Connector end view (C465)
        • High mounted stoplamp connector end view (C475)
        • Rear wiper motor assembly connector end view (C476)
        • Rear window washer pump motor connector end view (C477)
        • Liftgate glass ajar switch connector end view (C478)
        • Liftgate ajar switch connector end view (C479)
        • Liftgate lock actuator connector end view (C480)
        • Side lamp, left rear connector end view (C481)
        • Side lamp, right rear connector end view (C482)
        • Anti... theft luggage compartment switch connector end view (C483)
        • Speaker, left rear connector end view (C484)
        • Speaker, left rear connector end view (C485)
        • Wiper run/park relay connector end view (C1002)
        • Fog lamp relay connector end view (C1007)
        • A/C clutch relay connector end view (C1008)
        • PCM power relay connector end view (C1016)
        • Starter relay connector end view (C1017)
        • Headlamp, left connector end view (C1021)
        • Park/turn lamp, left front connector end view (C1023)
        • Engine cooling fan resistor connector end view (C1027)
        • Engine cooling fan brake relay connector end view (C1028)
        • Headlamp, right connector end view (C1041)
        • Park/turn lamp, right front connector end view (C1043)
        • Fuel pump relay connector end view (C1051)
        • Engine cooling fan relay connector end view (C1055)
        • High speed fan control relay connector end view (C1056)
        • Low speed fan control relay connector end view (C1058)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sender connector end view (C1061)
        • Dual pressure switch connector end view (C1062)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor connector end view (C1064)
        • Ignition coil connector end view (C1065)
        • Idle air control valve (IAC) connector end view (C1066)
        • Differential pressure feedback EGR (DPFE) sensor connector end view (C1067)
        • Differential pressure feedback EGR (DPFE) sensor connector end view (C1068)
        • Low coolant level switch connector end view (C1069)
        • EGR vacuum regulator solenoid connector end view (C1072)
        • Injector pressure sensor connector end view (C1073)
        • Engine cooling fan motor 1 connector end view (C1074)
        • Engine cooling fan motor 2 connector end view (C1077)
        • Generator connector end view (C1104)
        • Power steering pressure sensor connector end view (C1311)
        • Rear window wiper/washer switch connector end view (C2000)
        • PRNDL illumination lamp connector end view (C2002)
        • Adjustable pedal motor connector end view (C2003)
        • Front blower motor connector end view (C2004)
        • Flexible fuel sensor module connector end view (C2005)
        • Front blower motor connector end view (C2006)
        • Brake shift interlock connector end view (C2008)
        • Integrated control panel connector end view (C2009)
        • Blower motor relay connector end view (C2017)
        • Rear window defrost relay connector end view (C2021)
        • Electronic flasher module connector end view (C2027)
        • Accessory relay connector end view (C2050)
        • One... touch window relay connector end view (C2051)
        • Liftgate unlock relay connector end view (C2052)
        • Luggage compartment lid release relay connector end view (C2053)
        • In... line fuse connector end view (C3171)
        • High mounted stoplamp connector end view (C3175)
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Body Control Modules
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cooling Fan
      • Cruise Control
      • Defoggers
      • Engine Performance
        • 3.0L 12-Valve
        • 3.0L 24-Valve
        • 3.0L Flex Fuel
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Power Antenna
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Seats
      • Power Top/Sunroof
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlock
      • Starting/Charging
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
        • 3.0L 12-Valve
        • 3.0L 24-Valve
        • 3.0L Flex Fuel
      • Trunk, Tailgate, Fuel Door
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Accessories & Equipment
  • Accessories Control Systems
    • Component Tests
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp Switch
          • Exterior Lamps
          • Interior Lamps
        • Ignition Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
          • Wiper/Washer Portion
          • Lamp Portion
        • Master Window Adjust Switch
        • Window Adjust Switches
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch
        • Door Lock Switch
        • Seat Adjust Switch
        • Relays
  • Anti-Theft Systems
    • Anti-Theft Systems - Active
      • Description
      • Operation
        • Notes
        • Arming System
        • Disarming An UNTRIGGERED System
        • Triggering System
        • Disarming A Triggered System
      • Component Locations
      • Programming
        • Keyless Entry Keypad
        • Remote Transmitter
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Inspection & Verification
      • Self-Diagnostic System
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Alarm System Does Not Arm Or Disarm From Driver's Or Passenger's Door Lock Cylinder
        • Test B: Alarm System Does Not Arm/Disarm With Remote Transmitter
        • Test C: Alarm System Does Not Operate Correctly
        • Test D: No Communication With Generic Electronic Module
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Anti-Theft Hood Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Trim Panel
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Lock Cylinder Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Generic Electronic Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Keyless Entry Remote Transmitter - Battery Replace
          • Removal & Installation
        • Liftgate Pulse Stretcher Module
          • Removal & Installation
        • Luggage Compartment Switch
          • Removal & Installation (Sedan & Wagon)
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Sable
        • TAURUS
    • Anti-Theft Systems - Passive
      • Description
      • Operation
        • Notes
        • Theft Indicator Light
        • Encoded Ignition Key
        • Transceiver Module
      • Component Locations
      • Programming
        • Notes
        • Security Access Procedure
        • Key Programming - Using 2 Programmed Keys
        • Key Programming - Using Diagnostic Equipment
        • Key Programming - Switch State Control
        • Spare Key Programming - Using Diagnostic Equipment
        • Key Programming - Unlimited Key Mode
          • Notes
          • Enabling Unlimited Key Mode
          • Disabling Unlimited Key Mode
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Self-Diagnostic System
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Antenna Not Connected (DTC B2103)
        • Test B: No Key Code Received, Damaged Encoded Ignition Key Or Use Of Non-Pats Key (DTC B1600)
        • Test C: Unprogrammed Encoded Ignition Key (DTC B1601)
        • Test D: Invalid Key Code Format From Ignition Key Transponder (DTC B1602)
        • Test E: Transceiver Defective Or Not Connected (DTC B1681)
        • Test F: Anti-Theft Number Of Programmed Keys Is Below Minimum (DTC B1213)
        • Test G: Theft Indicator Always/Never On - No 3-Second Prove Out
        • Test H: Theft Indicator Proves Out For 3 Seconds But Starter Does Not Engage
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Removal & Installation
        • Passive Anti-Theft System Transceiver Module
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Removal & Installation (Floor Shift)
          • Removal & Installation (Column Shift)
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Sable
        • TAURUS
    • Component Tests
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp Switch
          • Exterior Lamps
          • Interior Lamps
        • Ignition Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
          • Wiper/Washer Portion
          • Lamp Portion
        • Master Window Adjust Switch
        • Window Adjust Switches
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch
        • Door Lock Switch
        • Seat Adjust Switch
        • Relays
    • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems
      • Specifications
        • Notes
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Handles, Locks, Latches and Entry Systems
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Locks, Latches and Entry Systems
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Power Door Locks
            • Smart Locks
            • Autolocking
            • Luggage Compartment Release
            • Keyless Entry
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From One Switch
            • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Door Lock Is Inoperative - Passenger
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Door Lock Is Inoperative - Driver
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Luggage Compartment Lid Is Inoperative - From Release Switch
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Doors Do Not Lock Or Unlock Using The Keyless Entry Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Luggage Compartment Lid Is Inoperative Using The Keyless Entry Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Doors Do Not Lock Or Unlock Using The Keyless Entry Keypad
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Panic Feature Is Inoperative Using The Keyless Entry Remote Transmitter
      • General Procedures
        • Keyless Entry Keypad Code Programming
        • Remote Transmitter Programming
      • Removal And Installation
        • Front Door Latch
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Door Latch
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Liftgate Latch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Latch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Front Door Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Rear Door Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Interior Door Handle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Lock Cylinder
          • Removal and Installation
            • All
        • Liftgate Lock Cylinder
          • Removal and Installation
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Lock Cylinder
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Liftgate Latch Actuator
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Lock Actuator
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Lock Control Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Ajar Switch - Rear Door
        • Door Ajar Switch - Front Door
          • Removal and Installation
        • Keyless Entry Keypad
          • Removal and Installation
    • Passive Anti-Theft System Job Aid
      • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) Specifications
        • Ford System (Pats) Specifications
        • LINCOLN System (Pats) Specifications
        • Mercury System (Pats) Specifications
      • Pats Key Types
      • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
      • Non-Pats Issues
      • Things To Do:
      • Things Not To Do:
      • Programming Procedures
        • Notes
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #1
          • Procedure #2
          • Procedure #3
        • Spare Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #4
        • Spare Key Programming Using Programmed Keys
          • Procedure #5
          • Procedure #6
        • Replacing Pats Control Module Or Pcm
          • Procedure #7
          • Procedure #8
    • Remote Keyless Entry System [Transmitter Programming Procedures]
      • Programming Methods & Transmitter Types
        • Programming Method And Transmitter Type Application
        • Transmitter Type Identification
        • Programming Methods
          • Programming Method A
          • Programming Method D
          • Programming Method I
          • Programming Method K
          • Programming Method L
          • Programming Method M
          • Programming Method N
          • Programming Method O
      • Helpful Hints
        • Remote Entry Programming Procedure
        • Poor Operating Range Performance
        • Miscellaneous
  • Communication Devices
    • Module Communications Network System
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Repairing Bus Wiring
      • Programming
        • Module Configuration
          • Notes
          • Principals of Operation
          • Vehicle Identification Block Description
          • As-Built Data Center Description
        • Module Programming
          • Programmable Module Installation
          • Calibration Update
          • Programmable Parameters
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Notes
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Data Link Diagnostic Test
        • Retrieving & Clearing Diagnostic Trouble Codes
        • Accessing Parameter Identification
        • Wiggle Test
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Anti-Lock Brake System Module Does Not Respond To WDS Or NGS Tester
        • Test B: Remote Climate Control Module Does Not Respond To WDS Or NGS Tester
        • Test C: Generic Electronic Module Does Not Respond To NGS Tester
        • Test D: Restraint Control Module Does Not Respond To WDS Or NGS Tester
        • Test E: Powertrain Control Module Does Not Respond To WDS Or NGS Tester
        • Test F: No Module/Network Communication - SCP Bus Link
        • Test G: No Module/Network Communication - ISO 9141 Link
        • Test H: No Module/Network Communication
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module
          • Removal & Installation
        • Generic Electronic Module
          • Removal & Installation
        • Remote Climate Control Module
          • Removal & Installation
        • Restraint Control Module
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Sable
        • TAURUS
  • Cruise Control Systems
    • Description & Operation
    • Component Locations
    • Trouble Shooting
    • Self-Diagnostic System
    • System Tests
      • Notes
      • Test A: No Dynamic Pull At Servo/Actuator (Flash Code 1)
      • Test B: Brake Pedal Position Switch Circuit (Flash Code 2)
      • Test C: DEACTIVATOR Switch Circuit (Flash Code 3)
      • Test D: Dynamic Pull Occurs/Speed Control Inoperative (Flash Code 1)
      • Test E: Speed Control Inoperative (No Flash Codes)
      • Test F: Speed Control Switch Inoperative
      • Test G: Speed Control Indicator Always On
      • Test H: Set Speed Fluctuates
    • Removal & Installation
      • Notes
      • DEACTIVATOR Switch
        • Removal & Installation
      • Speed Control Switches
        • Removal & Installation
      • Speed Control Servo/Actuator Cable
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Speed Control Servo/Actuator
        • Removal & Installation
    • Torque Specifications
    • Wiring Diagrams
      • Sable
      • TAURUS
  • Exterior Lights
    • AUTOLAMP System
      • Description
      • Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Notes
        • Inspection & Verification
          • Notes
          • Mechanical Components
          • Electrical Components
      • Self-Diagnostic System
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: No Communication With Generic Electronic Module
        • Test B: AUTOLAMPS, Headlights & Parking Lights Inoperative
        • Test C: Headlights Inoperative With AUTOLAMPS On
        • Test D: Parking Lights Inoperative With AUTOLAMPS On
        • Test E: Headlights Always On
      • Component Tests
        • Headlight Switch
          • Notes
          • Headlight Switch
      • Removal & Installation
        • Generic Electronic Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Headlight Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Photocell/Amplifier
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Sable
        • TAURUS
    • Component Tests
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp Switch
          • Exterior Lamps
          • Interior Lamps
        • Ignition Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
          • Wiper/Washer Portion
          • Lamp Portion
        • Master Window Adjust Switch
        • Window Adjust Switches
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch
        • Door Lock Switch
        • Seat Adjust Switch
        • Relays
  • Gauges & Instrument Panels
    • Instrument Panel - Analog
      • Description
      • Operation
        • Gauges
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Gauge
          • Fuel Gauge
          • Flex-Fuel Module
          • Speedometer/Odometer
        • Warning Indicators
          • Air Bag
          • Anti-Lock Brakes
          • Brake System
          • Charging System
          • Low Fuel
          • Check Transmission
          • Safety Belt
          • Check Fuel Cap
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Self-Diagnostic System
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Instrument Cluster Is Inoperative
        • Test B: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication (Without Flex Fuel)
        • Test C: Fuel Gauge Inaccurate (With Flex Fuel)
        • Test D: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
        • Test E: The Low Oil Pressure Warning Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test F: Speedometer/Odometer Inoperative
        • Test G: Tachometer Is Inoperative
        • Test H: Low Fuel Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
        • Test I: Charging System Indicator Inoperative
        • Test J: Brake Warning Indicator Is Never On
        • Test K: Brake Warning Light Is Never On (With Parking Brake Engaged)
        • Test L: Check Engine Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test M: Safety Belt Warning Indicator Does Not Operate Correctly
        • Test N: Door Ajar Indicator Does Not Operate Correctly
        • Test O: Left Hand Turn Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test P: Right Hand Turn Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test Q: High Beam Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test R: Traction Control Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test S: Check Transmission Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test T: Abs Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test U: Low Coolant Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test V: Cruise Control Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test W: Check Fuel Cap Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On
        • Test X: No Communication With Generic Electronic Module
      • Component Tests
        • Headlight Switch
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Fuel Pressure Relief
        • Fuel Gauge Sending Unit
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Gauge/Temperature Gauge
          • Removal & Installation
        • Generic Electronic Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Indicator/Warning Bulbs
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Removal & Installation (Floor Shift)
          • Removal & Installation (Column Shift)
        • Oil Pressure Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Printed Circuit
          • Removal & Installation
        • Speedometer/Odometer
          • Removal & Installation
        • Tachometer
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Sable
        • TAURUS
  • Headlights
    • Component Tests
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp Switch
          • Exterior Lamps
          • Interior Lamps
        • Ignition Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
          • Wiper/Washer Portion
          • Lamp Portion
        • Master Window Adjust Switch
        • Window Adjust Switches
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch
        • Door Lock Switch
        • Seat Adjust Switch
        • Relays
  • Heated Glass/Defoggers
    • Rear Window Defogger System
      • Description
      • Operation
      • Component Locations
      • On-Vehicle Service
        • Notes
        • Grid Filament Repair
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Self-Diagnostic System
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Rear Window Defogger Inoperative
        • Test B: Rear Window Defogger Will Not Turn Off Automatically
        • Test C: No Communication With Generic Electronic Module
      • Component Tests
        • Grid Filament Test
        • Rear Window Defogger Relay
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Generic Electronic Module
          • Removal & Installation
        • Integrated Control Panel
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear Defogger Switch
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Sable
        • TAURUS
  • Ignition Switch/Steering Lock
    • Component Tests
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp Switch
          • Exterior Lamps
          • Interior Lamps
        • Ignition Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
          • Wiper/Washer Portion
          • Lamp Portion
        • Master Window Adjust Switch
        • Window Adjust Switches
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch
        • Door Lock Switch
        • Seat Adjust Switch
        • Relays
  • Infotainment
    • Power Antenna System
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Power Antenna Inoperative
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Power Antenna Module Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Sable
        • TAURUS
  • Interior/Exterior Trim
    • Exterior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Exterior Trim
      • Removal And Installation
        • License Plate Housing - Wagon
          • Removal and Installation
    • Interior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Specifications
        • Notes
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Interior Trim
      • Removal And Installation
        • B-Pillar Trim Panel
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Door Trim Panel
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Door Trim Panel
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Quarter Trim Panel - Wagon
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
            • LH and RH
        • Parcel Shelf
          • Removal and Installation
        • Liftgate Trim Panel
          • Removal and Installation
        • Loadspace Trim Panel
          • Removal and Installation
        • Headliner
          • Removal and Installation
  • Interior/Illumination Lights
    • Component Tests
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp Switch
          • Exterior Lamps
          • Interior Lamps
        • Ignition Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
          • Wiper/Washer Portion
          • Lamp Portion
        • Master Window Adjust Switch
        • Window Adjust Switches
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch
        • Door Lock Switch
        • Seat Adjust Switch
        • Relays
  • Mirrors
    • Component Tests
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp Switch
          • Exterior Lamps
          • Interior Lamps
        • Ignition Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
          • Wiper/Washer Portion
          • Lamp Portion
        • Master Window Adjust Switch
        • Window Adjust Switches
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch
        • Door Lock Switch
        • Seat Adjust Switch
        • Relays
    • Power Mirror System
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Inspection & Verification
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Both Mirrors Inoperative
        • Test B: Single Mirror Inoperative
        • Test C: Single Mirror Does Not Operate With Switch Logic
        • Test D: One Or Both Heated Mirrors Inoperative
        • Test E: Interior Mirror Auto Dimming Does Not Operate Correctly
      • Component Tests
        • Power Mirror Control Switch
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Door Trim Panel
          • Removal & Installation (Front)
        • Interior Rear View Mirror
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Mirror Control Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Mirror Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Mirror Glass & Motor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Sable
        • TAURUS
  • Seats
    • Component Tests
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp Switch
          • Exterior Lamps
          • Interior Lamps
        • Ignition Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
          • Wiper/Washer Portion
          • Lamp Portion
        • Master Window Adjust Switch
        • Window Adjust Switches
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch
        • Door Lock Switch
        • Seat Adjust Switch
        • Relays
    • Power Seat System
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Driver's Power Seat Inoperative
        • Test B: Passenger's Power Seat Inoperative
        • Test C: Power Seat Moves But Is Noisy
        • Test D: Power Seat Move But Is Loose
        • Test E: Power Seat Does Not Make Full Travel
        • Test F: Driver's Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally
        • Test G: Passenger's Seat Does Not Move Horizontally
        • Test H: Driver's Power Seat Does Not Move Vertically (Front Height)
        • Test I: Passenger's Power Seat Does Not Move Vertically (Front Height)
        • Test J: Driver's Power Seat Does Not Move Vertically (Rear Height)
        • Test K: Passenger's Power Seat Does Not Move Vertically (Rear Height)
      • Component Tests
        • Power Seat Control Switch
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Seat Assembly
          • Removal (Driver's)
          • Installation
          • Removal (Passenger's)
        • Seat Backrest
          • Removal & Installation
        • Seat Cushion
          • Removal & Installation
        • Seat Track/Motor Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Seat Control Switch
          • Removal & Installation (Driver's)
          • Removal & Installation (Passenger's)
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Sable
        • TAURUS
  • Steering Column Switches
    • Component Tests
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp Switch
          • Exterior Lamps
          • Interior Lamps
        • Ignition Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
          • Wiper/Washer Portion
          • Lamp Portion
        • Master Window Adjust Switch
        • Window Adjust Switches
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch
        • Door Lock Switch
        • Seat Adjust Switch
        • Relays
    • Steering Column Switches
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Self-Diagnostic System
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: No Communication With Generic Electronic Module
        • Test B: Horn Relay Coil Circuit Failure (DTC B1217)
        • Test C: Horn Relay Coil Circuit Short To Power (DTC B1218)
        • Test D: Ignition Run/Acc Failure (DTC B1359)
        • Test E: Ignition Run/Start Failure (DTC B1555)
        • Test F: Ignition Switch Inoperative
        • Test G: No Power In Acc Position
        • Test H: No Power In Run Position
        • Test I: No Power In Start Position
      • Component Tests
        • Notes
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
        • Horn Switch
        • Ignition Switch
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Generic Electronic Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Horn Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Ignition Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Lock Cylinder
          • Removal & Installation (Functional)
          • Removal & Installation (Non-Functional)
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Wheel
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Sable
        • TAURUS
  • Window Motors & Regulators
    • Component Tests
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp Switch
          • Exterior Lamps
          • Interior Lamps
        • Ignition Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
          • Wiper/Washer Portion
          • Lamp Portion
        • Master Window Adjust Switch
        • Window Adjust Switches
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch
        • Door Lock Switch
        • Seat Adjust Switch
        • Relays
    • Power Window System
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Principles Of Operation
          • Power Window Control
          • Delayed Accessory Power
      • Component Locations
      • Adjustments
        • Front Door Window Glass
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Self-Diagnostic System
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: No Communication With Generic Electronic Module
        • Test B: One Power Window Inoperative (Driver's Window)
        • Test C: One-Touch Down Inoperative
        • Test D: Delayed Accessory Does Not Turn Off
        • Test E: Delayed Accessory Inoperative
        • Test F: One Power Window Inoperative (Passenger's Front, Left Or Right Rear)
      • Component Tests
        • Master Power Window Control Switch
        • Single Power Window Control Switch
        • Relays
          • Mini ISO Relay
          • Micro ISO Relay
        • Power Window Motor
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Door Trim Panel
          • Removal & Installation
        • Generic Electronic Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Window Motor
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Window Switch
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Sable
        • TAURUS
  • Wiper/Washer Systems
    • Component Tests
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp Switch
          • Exterior Lamps
          • Interior Lamps
        • Ignition Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
          • Wiper/Washer Portion
          • Lamp Portion
        • Master Window Adjust Switch
        • Window Adjust Switches
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch
        • Door Lock Switch
        • Seat Adjust Switch
        • Relays
    • Wiper System And Washer System
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Front Wipers/Washer
        • Intermittent Wipers
        • Rear Wiper/Washer
      • Component Locations
      • Adjustments
        • Front Wiper Arm
          • Front Wipers
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Front Wiper/Washer
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Front Wipers Inoperative
        • Test B: Front Wipers Run Continuously
        • Test C: Front Wipers Do Not Operate Correctly
        • Test D: Front Washer Pump Inoperative
        • Test E: Front Washer Pump Stays On Continuously
        • Test F: Rear Wiper Inoperative
        • Test G: Rear Wiper Runs Continuously
        • Test H: Rear Washer Inoperative
        • Test I: Rear Washer Pump Runs Continuously
        • Test J: No Communication With Generic Electronic Module
      • Component Tests
        • Notes
        • Relays
        • Front Wiper Motor
        • Front Wiper/Washer Switch
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Generic Electronic Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Washer Pump & Reservoir
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Front)
          • Removal & Installation (Rear)
        • Wiper Motor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Front)
          • Removal & Installation (Rear)
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Sable
        • TAURUS
• Body & Frame
  • Door Locks
    • Anti-Theft Systems - Active
      • Description
      • Operation
        • Notes
        • Arming System
        • Disarming An UNTRIGGERED System
        • Triggering System
        • Disarming A Triggered System
      • Component Locations
      • Programming
        • Keyless Entry Keypad
        • Remote Transmitter
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Inspection & Verification
      • Self-Diagnostic System
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Alarm System Does Not Arm Or Disarm From Driver's Or Passenger's Door Lock Cylinder
        • Test B: Alarm System Does Not Arm/Disarm With Remote Transmitter
        • Test C: Alarm System Does Not Operate Correctly
        • Test D: No Communication With Generic Electronic Module
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Anti-Theft Hood Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Trim Panel
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Lock Cylinder Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Generic Electronic Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Keyless Entry Remote Transmitter - Battery Replace
          • Removal & Installation
        • Liftgate Pulse Stretcher Module
          • Removal & Installation
        • Luggage Compartment Switch
          • Removal & Installation (Sedan & Wagon)
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Sable
        • TAURUS
    • Anti-Theft Systems - Passive
      • Description
      • Operation
        • Notes
        • Theft Indicator Light
        • Encoded Ignition Key
        • Transceiver Module
      • Component Locations
      • Programming
        • Notes
        • Security Access Procedure
        • Key Programming - Using 2 Programmed Keys
        • Key Programming - Using Diagnostic Equipment
        • Key Programming - Switch State Control
        • Spare Key Programming - Using Diagnostic Equipment
        • Key Programming - Unlimited Key Mode
          • Notes
          • Enabling Unlimited Key Mode
          • Disabling Unlimited Key Mode
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Self-Diagnostic System
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Antenna Not Connected (DTC B2103)
        • Test B: No Key Code Received, Damaged Encoded Ignition Key Or Use Of Non-Pats Key (DTC B1600)
        • Test C: Unprogrammed Encoded Ignition Key (DTC B1601)
        • Test D: Invalid Key Code Format From Ignition Key Transponder (DTC B1602)
        • Test E: Transceiver Defective Or Not Connected (DTC B1681)
        • Test F: Anti-Theft Number Of Programmed Keys Is Below Minimum (DTC B1213)
        • Test G: Theft Indicator Always/Never On - No 3-Second Prove Out
        • Test H: Theft Indicator Proves Out For 3 Seconds But Starter Does Not Engage
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Removal & Installation
        • Passive Anti-Theft System Transceiver Module
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Removal & Installation (Floor Shift)
          • Removal & Installation (Column Shift)
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Sable
        • TAURUS
    • Component Tests
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp Switch
          • Exterior Lamps
          • Interior Lamps
        • Ignition Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
          • Wiper/Washer Portion
          • Lamp Portion
        • Master Window Adjust Switch
        • Window Adjust Switches
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch
        • Door Lock Switch
        • Seat Adjust Switch
        • Relays
    • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems
      • Specifications
        • Notes
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Handles, Locks, Latches and Entry Systems
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Locks, Latches and Entry Systems
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Power Door Locks
            • Smart Locks
            • Autolocking
            • Luggage Compartment Release
            • Keyless Entry
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From One Switch
            • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Door Lock Is Inoperative - Passenger
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Door Lock Is Inoperative - Driver
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Luggage Compartment Lid Is Inoperative - From Release Switch
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Doors Do Not Lock Or Unlock Using The Keyless Entry Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Luggage Compartment Lid Is Inoperative Using The Keyless Entry Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Doors Do Not Lock Or Unlock Using The Keyless Entry Keypad
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Panic Feature Is Inoperative Using The Keyless Entry Remote Transmitter
      • General Procedures
        • Keyless Entry Keypad Code Programming
        • Remote Transmitter Programming
      • Removal And Installation
        • Front Door Latch
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Door Latch
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Liftgate Latch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Latch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Front Door Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Rear Door Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Interior Door Handle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Lock Cylinder
          • Removal and Installation
            • All
        • Liftgate Lock Cylinder
          • Removal and Installation
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Lock Cylinder
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Liftgate Latch Actuator
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Lock Actuator
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Lock Control Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Ajar Switch - Rear Door
        • Door Ajar Switch - Front Door
          • Removal and Installation
        • Keyless Entry Keypad
          • Removal and Installation
    • Passive Anti-Theft System Job Aid
      • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) Specifications
        • Ford System (Pats) Specifications
        • LINCOLN System (Pats) Specifications
        • Mercury System (Pats) Specifications
      • Pats Key Types
      • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
      • Non-Pats Issues
      • Things To Do:
      • Things Not To Do:
      • Programming Procedures
        • Notes
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #1
          • Procedure #2
          • Procedure #3
        • Spare Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #4
        • Spare Key Programming Using Programmed Keys
          • Procedure #5
          • Procedure #6
        • Replacing Pats Control Module Or Pcm
          • Procedure #7
          • Procedure #8
    • Remote Keyless Entry System [Transmitter Programming Procedures]
      • Programming Methods & Transmitter Types
        • Programming Method And Transmitter Type Application
        • Transmitter Type Identification
        • Programming Methods
          • Programming Method A
          • Programming Method D
          • Programming Method I
          • Programming Method K
          • Programming Method L
          • Programming Method M
          • Programming Method N
          • Programming Method O
      • Helpful Hints
        • Remote Entry Programming Procedure
        • Poor Operating Range Performance
        • Miscellaneous
  • Exterior/Interior Trim
    • Exterior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Exterior Trim
      • Removal And Installation
        • License Plate Housing - Wagon
          • Removal and Installation
    • Interior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Specifications
        • Notes
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Interior Trim
      • Removal And Installation
        • B-Pillar Trim Panel
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Door Trim Panel
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Door Trim Panel
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Quarter Trim Panel - Wagon
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
            • LH and RH
        • Parcel Shelf
          • Removal and Installation
        • Liftgate Trim Panel
          • Removal and Installation
        • Loadspace Trim Panel
          • Removal and Installation
        • Headliner
          • Removal and Installation
  • Ignition Switch/Steering Lock
    • Component Tests
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp Switch
          • Exterior Lamps
          • Interior Lamps
        • Ignition Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
          • Wiper/Washer Portion
          • Lamp Portion
        • Master Window Adjust Switch
        • Window Adjust Switches
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch
        • Door Lock Switch
        • Seat Adjust Switch
        • Relays
  • Mirrors
    • Component Tests
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp Switch
          • Exterior Lamps
          • Interior Lamps
        • Ignition Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
          • Wiper/Washer Portion
          • Lamp Portion
        • Master Window Adjust Switch
        • Window Adjust Switches
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch
        • Door Lock Switch
        • Seat Adjust Switch
        • Relays
    • Power Mirror System
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Inspection & Verification
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Both Mirrors Inoperative
        • Test B: Single Mirror Inoperative
        • Test C: Single Mirror Does Not Operate With Switch Logic
        • Test D: One Or Both Heated Mirrors Inoperative
        • Test E: Interior Mirror Auto Dimming Does Not Operate Correctly
      • Component Tests
        • Power Mirror Control Switch
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Door Trim Panel
          • Removal & Installation (Front)
        • Interior Rear View Mirror
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Mirror Control Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Mirror Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Mirror Glass & Motor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Sable
        • TAURUS
  • Seats
    • Component Tests
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp Switch
          • Exterior Lamps
          • Interior Lamps
        • Ignition Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
          • Wiper/Washer Portion
          • Lamp Portion
        • Master Window Adjust Switch
        • Window Adjust Switches
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch
        • Door Lock Switch
        • Seat Adjust Switch
        • Relays
    • Power Seat System
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Driver's Power Seat Inoperative
        • Test B: Passenger's Power Seat Inoperative
        • Test C: Power Seat Moves But Is Noisy
        • Test D: Power Seat Move But Is Loose
        • Test E: Power Seat Does Not Make Full Travel
        • Test F: Driver's Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally
        • Test G: Passenger's Seat Does Not Move Horizontally
        • Test H: Driver's Power Seat Does Not Move Vertically (Front Height)
        • Test I: Passenger's Power Seat Does Not Move Vertically (Front Height)
        • Test J: Driver's Power Seat Does Not Move Vertically (Rear Height)
        • Test K: Passenger's Power Seat Does Not Move Vertically (Rear Height)
      • Component Tests
        • Power Seat Control Switch
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Seat Assembly
          • Removal (Driver's)
          • Installation
          • Removal (Passenger's)
        • Seat Backrest
          • Removal & Installation
        • Seat Cushion
          • Removal & Installation
        • Seat Track/Motor Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Seat Control Switch
          • Removal & Installation (Driver's)
          • Removal & Installation (Passenger's)
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Sable
        • TAURUS
  • Sun Roof/T-Top/Convertible Top
    • Sunroof
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • On-Vehicle Service
        • Drain Hoses
      • Adjustments
        • Moon Roof Glass Panel Height & Alignment
        • Moon Roof Motor Assembly Synchronization
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Notes
        • Moon Roof Leaks
        • Excessive Wind Noise
        • Moon Roof Noisy During Operation
        • Moon Roof Inoperative
        • No Operation In Vent Position
        • Moon Roof Does Not Stop Flush In Any Position
        • Moon Roof Will Not Slide Open Or Close From Vent Position
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Excessive Wind Noise
        • Test B: Moon Roof Leaks
        • Test C: Moon Roof Noisy During Operation
        • Test D: Moon Roof Inoperative
        • Test E: No Operation In Vent Position
        • Test F: Glass Roof Panel Does Not Stop In Flush Position
      • Component Tests
        • Moon Roof Control Switch
        • Accessory Delay Relay
      • Removal & Installation
        • Lifter Arms
          • Removal & Installation
        • Moon Roof Motor Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
        • Moon Roof Glass Panel
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Sable
        • TAURUS
  • Windows
    • Component Tests
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp Switch
          • Exterior Lamps
          • Interior Lamps
        • Ignition Switch
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
          • Wiper/Washer Portion
          • Lamp Portion
        • Master Window Adjust Switch
        • Window Adjust Switches
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch
        • Door Lock Switch
        • Seat Adjust Switch
        • Relays
    • Power Window System
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Principles Of Operation
          • Power Window Control
          • Delayed Accessory Power
      • Component Locations
      • Adjustments
        • Front Door Window Glass
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Self-Diagnostic System
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: No Communication With Generic Electronic Module
        • Test B: One Power Window Inoperative (Driver's Window)
        • Test C: One-Touch Down Inoperative
        • Test D: Delayed Accessory Does Not Turn Off
        • Test E: Delayed Accessory Inoperative
        • Test F: One Power Window Inoperative (Passenger's Front, Left Or Right Rear)
      • Component Tests
        • Master Power Window Control Switch
        • Single Power Window Control Switch
        • Relays
          • Mini ISO Relay
          • Micro ISO Relay
        • Power Window Motor
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Door Trim Panel
          • Removal & Installation
        • Generic Electronic Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Window Motor
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Window Switch
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Sable
        • TAURUS
• Brakes
  • Anti-Lock Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake System Control
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Lock Control
          • Brake Fluid
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Lock Control
          • Notes
          • Special Tools
          • Principles of Operations
            • Anti-Lock Control
          • Inspection and Verification
          • ABS Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • ABS Control Module Parameter Identification (PID) Index
          • ABS Control Module Active Command Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Notes
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Anti-Lock Brake Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: Unable To Enter Self-Test - Communication OK
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1318, Battery Voltage Low
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1484 - Brake Pedal Input Open Circuit
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC C1095 - Abs Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC C1145 (RF), C1155 (LF), C1165 (RR), C1175 (LR) - Wheel Speed Sensor Input Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTC C1222 - Wheel Speed Signal Mismatch
            • Pinpoint Test H: DTC C1233 (LF), C1234 (RF), C1235 (RR), C1236 (LR), Wheel Speed Input Signal Missing
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Abs Indicator Light Is Always On, No DTCS
            • Pinpoint Test J: Spongy Brake Pedal With No Warning Indicator
            • Pinpoint Test K: Poor Vehicle Tracking During Anti-Lock Function
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Traction Control Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Traction Control Switch Indicator Is Inoperative - TAURUS Only
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Traction Control Cannot Be Disabled
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
        • Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Module
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Wheel Speed Sensor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Wheel Speed Sensor
          • Removal and Installation
  • Mechanical - Hydraulic
    • Disc Brakes & Drum Brakes
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Brake Master Cylinder
          • Notes
          • Brake Master Cylinder Reservoir
        • Brake Tubes & Hoses
        • Brake Booster
          • Notes
          • Hose & Check Valve
        • Parking Brake
      • Bleeding Brake System
        • Notes
        • Manual Bleeding
          • Notes
          • Without-ABS
        • BRAKELINE Bleeding Sequence
        • Pressure Bleeding
        • Component Bleeding
          • Master Cylinder Priming - In Vehicle Or Bench
          • Four Wheel Anti-Lock Brake System Hydraulic Control Unit
          • Caliper
      • Adjustments
        • Brake Pressure Control Valve
          • Notes
          • Four-Door Sedan
        • Master Cylinder Push Rod
        • Brake Pedal Height
        • Parking Brake Cable
        • Rear Brake Shoes
          • Drums Installed
          • Drums Removed
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Brake Backing Plate
          • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Pedal & Bracket
          • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Pedal Control Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Pedal - Adjustable
          • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Pedal - Fixed
          • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Pedal Motor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Pedal Motor Cable
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Brake Caliper & Pads
          • Removal & Installation
        • Master Cylinder
          • Removal & Installation
        • Master Cylinder Reservoir
          • Removal & Installation
        • Parking Brake Control
          • Removal & Installation
        • Parking Brake Cable - Front
          • Removal & Installation
        • Parking Brake Cable - Rear
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear Brake Caliper & Pads
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear Brake Rotor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear Brake Shoes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Wheel Cylinder
          • Removal & Installation
      • Overhaul
        • Front Brake Caliper
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Master Cylinder
        • Rear Brake Caliper
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
      • Disc Brake Specifications
        • Disc Brake Specifications
      • Drum Brake Specifications
        • Drum Brake Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
    • Power Brake Actuation - Brake Booster
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Brake Booster
          • Notes
          • Hose and Check Valve
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Power Brake System
      • General Procedures
        • Brake Booster Push Rod Adjustment
      • Removal And Installation
        • Brake Booster
          • Removal and Installation
  • Traction Control
    • Anti-Lock Brake System Control
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Lock Control
          • Brake Fluid
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Lock Control
          • Notes
          • Special Tools
          • Principles of Operations
            • Anti-Lock Control
          • Inspection and Verification
          • ABS Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • ABS Control Module Parameter Identification (PID) Index
          • ABS Control Module Active Command Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Notes
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Anti-Lock Brake Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: Unable To Enter Self-Test - Communication OK
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1318, Battery Voltage Low
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1484 - Brake Pedal Input Open Circuit
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC C1095 - Abs Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC C1145 (RF), C1155 (LF), C1165 (RR), C1175 (LR) - Wheel Speed Sensor Input Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTC C1222 - Wheel Speed Signal Mismatch
            • Pinpoint Test H: DTC C1233 (LF), C1234 (RF), C1235 (RR), C1236 (LR), Wheel Speed Input Signal Missing
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Abs Indicator Light Is Always On, No DTCS
            • Pinpoint Test J: Spongy Brake Pedal With No Warning Indicator
            • Pinpoint Test K: Poor Vehicle Tracking During Anti-Lock Function
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Traction Control Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Traction Control Switch Indicator Is Inoperative - TAURUS Only
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Traction Control Cannot Be Disabled
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
        • Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Module
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Wheel Speed Sensor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Wheel Speed Sensor
          • Removal and Installation
• Drivelines & Axles
  • Axle Shafts
    • Description & Operation
    • Lubrication
    • Trouble Shooting
      • Clicking, Popping Or Grinding Noises While Turning
        • Inadequate Or Contaminated Lubricant In Inner/Outer Axle Shaft CV Joint
        • Another Component Contacting Axle Shaft Assembly
        • Brakes
        • Wheel Bearings, Suspension Or Steering Components
      • Shudder Vibration During Acceleration
        • High CV Joint Operating Angles Caused By Incorrect Ride Height
        • Front Suspension Components
        • Excessively Worn Or Damaged Inboard Or Outboard CV Joint
      • Vibration At Speeds Greater Than 35 Mph
        • Out Of Balance Or Out-Of-Round Tires
        • Incorrectly Seated Outboard CV Joint In Front Wheel Hub
        • Lateral & Radial Tire & Wheel Runout
        • Worn CV Joint
    • Removal & Installation
      • Axle Shafts
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Hub Bearings
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Installation
    • Overhaul
      • Axle Shafts
        • Disassembly (Inboard Joint - Ford)
        • Reassembly
        • Disassembly (Inboard Joint - GKN)
        • Disassembly (Outboard Joint)
        • Reassembly (Outboard Joint)
    • Torque Specifications
• Electrical
  • Body Electrical
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C clutch solenoid connector end view (C100)
        • Crankshaft position sensor connector end view (C101)
        • Generator connector end view (C102)
        • Oil pressure switch connector end view (C103)
        • Knock sensor connector end view (C108)
        • Knock sensor connector end view (C109)
        • Inline Connector end view (C110)
        • Speed control servo connector end view (C122)
        • EVAP canister purge valve connector end view (C123)
        • Brake fluid level switch connector end view (C124)
        • Windshield wiper motor connector end view (C125)
        • Anti... theft hood switch connector end view (C127)
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor connector end view (C128)
        • Low charge protection switch connector end view (C130)
        • Horn connector end view (C131)
        • Inline Connector end view (C133)
        • ABS control module connector end view (C135)
        • Windshield washer pump motor connector end view (C137)
        • Inline Connector end view (C139)
        • Inline Connector end view (C140)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #22 connector end view (C141)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 connector end view (C142)
        • Turbine shaft speed sensor connector end view (C143)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left front connector end view (C150)
        • Fog lamp, left front connector end view (C152)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right front connector end view (C160)
        • Fog lamp, right front connector end view (C162)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) sensor connector end view (C167)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 connector end view (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #21 connector end view (C172)
        • Ignition transformer capacitor 1 connector end view (C174)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) connector end view (C175)
        • Non... Speed control jumper connector end view (C176)
        • Forward crash sensor connector end view (C177)
        • Camshaft position sensor connector end view (C180)
        • Injector 1 connector end view (C181)
        • Injector 2 connector end view (C182)
        • Injector 3 connector end view (C183)
        • Injector 4 connector end view (C184)
        • Injector 5 connector end view (C185)
        • Injector 6 connector end view (C186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) connector end view (C189)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) sensor connector end view (C193)
        • Daytime running lamps resistor connector end view (C196)
        • Ambient air temperature sensor connector end view (C198)
        • AX4S/AX4N Transmission connector end view (C199)
        • Generator Electronic Module (GEM) connector end view (C201a)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) connector end view (C201b)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) connector end view (C201c)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) connector end view (C201d)
        • Multifunction switch connector end view (C202a)
        • Multifunction switch connector end view (C202b)
        • Main light switch connector end view (C205a)
        • Main light switch connector end view (C205b)
        • Luggage compartment lid release switch connector end view (C207)
        • Inline Connector end view (C211)
        • Inline Connector end view (C212)
        • Inline Connector end view (C214)
        • Driver air bag unit connector end view (C216)
        • Air bag sliding contact connector end view (C218a)
        • Air bag sliding contact connector end view (C218b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C219)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C220a)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C220b)
        • Remote Climate Control (RCC) module connector end view (C228)
        • In... vehicle temperature sensor connector end view (C233)
        • CD changer connector end view (C243)
        • Ignition switch connector end view (C250)
        • Data Link Connector (DLC) connector end view (C251)
        • Passive anti... theft transceiver module connector end view (C252)
        • Glove box lamp connector end view (C254)
        • Passenger air bag module connector end view (C256)
        • Inline Connector end view (C260)
        • Inline Connector end view (C263)
        • Inline Connector end view (C264)
        • Inline Connector end view (C265)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) connector end view (C270a)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) connector end view (C270b)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) connector end view (C270c)
        • Front blower motor speed controller connector end view (C271a)
        • Front blower motor speed controller connector end view (C271b)
        • Deactivator Switch connector end view (C277)
        • Brake pedal position switch connector end view (C278)
        • Traction control switch connector end view (C280)
        • Photocell and amplifier connector end view (C287)
        • Temperature blend door actuator connector end view (C289)
        • Inline Connector end view (C291)
        • Front blower motor resistor assembly connector end view (C293)
        • Function selector switch assembly connector end view (C294a)
        • Function selector switch assembly connector end view (C294b)
        • Function selector switch assembly connector end view (C294c)
        • Evaporator discharge air temperature sensor connector end view (C296)
        • High mounted stoplamp connector end view (C302a)
        • High mounted stoplamp connector end view (C302b)
        • Side air bag sensor, right connector end view (C304)
        • Side air bag sensor, left connector end view (C305)
        • Parking brake switch connector end view (C306)
        • Restraints control module connector end view (C310a)
        • Restraints control module connector end view (C310b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C313)
        • Inline Connector end view (C314)
        • Inline Connector end view (C315)
        • Inline Connector end view (C316)
        • Cigar lighter, front connector end view (C319)
        • Inline Connector end view (C327)
        • Inline Connector end view (C328)
        • Seat adjust switch, driver side front connector end view (C330)
        • Power seat motor assembly, right connector end view (C332)
        • Side air bag module, right connector end view (C337)
        • Inline Connector end view (C339)
        • Inline Connector end view (C340)
        • Seat track position sensor, left connector end view (C356)
        • Power seat motor assembly, left connector end view (C357)
        • Seat track position sensor, left connector end view (C358)
        • Seat adjust switch, driver side front connector end view (C360)
        • Side air bag module, left connector end view (C367)
        • Ashtray illumination lamp connector end view (C370)
        • In... line fuse connector end view (C375)
        • Power point connector end view (C380)
        • Safety belt assembly, left connector end view (C381)
        • Power antenna module connector end view (C387)
        • Rear Control Unit (RCU) connector end view (C388a)
        • Rear Control Unit (RCU) connector end view (C388b)
        • Rear Control Unit (RCU) connector end view (C388c)
        • Safety belt assembly, right connector end view (C389)
        • Docking station connector end view (C390)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) switch connector end view (C392)
        • Adjustable pedal switch connector end view (C393)
        • Rear window defrost grid connector end view (C402a)
        • Rear window defrost grid connector end view (C402b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C406)
        • Inline Connector end view (C408)
        • Inline Connector end view (C410)
        • Inline Connector end view (C411)
        • Park/turn lamp, left rear connector end view (C412)
        • Turn lamp, left rear connector end view (C413)
        • Park/turn lamp, right rear connector end view (C415)
        • Turn lamp, right rear connector end view (C416)
        • Park/stop lamp, right rear connector end view (C418)
        • Park/stop lamp, left rear connector end view (C419)
        • Inline Connector end view (C423)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right rear connector end view (C426)
        • Luggage compartment lamp connector end view (C428)
        • Luggage compartment lid release solenoid connector end view (C430)
        • Inline Connector end view (C431)
        • Inline Connector end view (C432)
        • Fuel pump driver module connector end view (C433)
        • Fuel sender connector end view (C434)
        • Fuel tank pressure transducer sensor connector end view (C435)
        • Inline Connector end view (C438)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left rear connector end view (C440)
        • Evaporative emission (EVAP) canister vent valve connector end view (C450)
        • Reversing lamp, left connector end view (C451)
        • License plate lamp, left connector end view (C452)
        • Reversing lamp, right connector end view (C461)
        • License plate lamp, right connector end view (C462)
        • Fuel pump connector end view (C463)
        • Inline Connector end view (C465)
        • High mounted stoplamp connector end view (C475)
        • Rear wiper motor assembly connector end view (C476)
        • Rear window washer pump motor connector end view (C477)
        • Liftgate glass ajar switch connector end view (C478)
        • Liftgate ajar switch connector end view (C479)
        • Liftgate lock actuator connector end view (C480)
        • Side lamp, left rear connector end view (C481)
        • Side lamp, right rear connector end view (C482)
        • Anti... theft luggage compartment switch connector end view (C483)
        • Speaker, left rear connector end view (C484)
        • Speaker, left rear connector end view (C485)
        • Wiper run/park relay connector end view (C1002)
        • Fog lamp relay connector end view (C1007)
        • A/C clutch relay connector end view (C1008)
        • PCM power relay connector end view (C1016)
        • Starter relay connector end view (C1017)
        • Headlamp, left connector end view (C1021)
        • Park/turn lamp, left front connector end view (C1023)
        • Engine cooling fan resistor connector end view (C1027)
        • Engine cooling fan brake relay connector end view (C1028)
        • Headlamp, right connector end view (C1041)
        • Park/turn lamp, right front connector end view (C1043)
        • Fuel pump relay connector end view (C1051)
        • Engine cooling fan relay connector end view (C1055)
        • High speed fan control relay connector end view (C1056)
        • Low speed fan control relay connector end view (C1058)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sender connector end view (C1061)
        • Dual pressure switch connector end view (C1062)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor connector end view (C1064)
        • Ignition coil connector end view (C1065)
        • Idle air control valve (IAC) connector end view (C1066)
        • Differential pressure feedback EGR (DPFE) sensor connector end view (C1067)
        • Differential pressure feedback EGR (DPFE) sensor connector end view (C1068)
        • Low coolant level switch connector end view (C1069)
        • EGR vacuum regulator solenoid connector end view (C1072)
        • Injector pressure sensor connector end view (C1073)
        • Engine cooling fan motor 1 connector end view (C1074)
        • Engine cooling fan motor 2 connector end view (C1077)
        • Generator connector end view (C1104)
        • Power steering pressure sensor connector end view (C1311)
        • Rear window wiper/washer switch connector end view (C2000)
        • PRNDL illumination lamp connector end view (C2002)
        • Adjustable pedal motor connector end view (C2003)
        • Front blower motor connector end view (C2004)
        • Flexible fuel sensor module connector end view (C2005)
        • Front blower motor connector end view (C2006)
        • Brake shift interlock connector end view (C2008)
        • Integrated control panel connector end view (C2009)
        • Blower motor relay connector end view (C2017)
        • Rear window defrost relay connector end view (C2021)
        • Electronic flasher module connector end view (C2027)
        • Accessory relay connector end view (C2050)
        • One... touch window relay connector end view (C2051)
        • Liftgate unlock relay connector end view (C2052)
        • Luggage compartment lid release relay connector end view (C2053)
        • In... line fuse connector end view (C3171)
        • High mounted stoplamp connector end view (C3175)
  • Charging Systems
    • Charging System - Generators & Regulators
      • Description
      • Component Locations
      • Adjustments
        • Belt Tension
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Notes
        • Preliminary Checks
      • On-Vehicle Testing
        • Battery Drain Test
        • Battery Drains That Shut Off When Battery Cable Is Disconnected Test
        • Generator Load Test
        • Generator No-Load Test
      • Self-Diagnostic System
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Battery Is Discharged Or Voltage Is Low
        • Test B: Warning Indicator On With Engine Running, System Not Charging
        • Test C: System Overcharges (More Than 15 Volts)
        • Test D: Warning Indicator On With Engine Running, System Is Charging
        • Test E: Warning Indicator Off With Ignition On
        • Test F: Charge Warning Indicator Flickers Or Is Intermittent
        • Test G: Generator Noisy
        • Test H: Radio Interference
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Generator
          • Removal & Installation (3.0L 2-Valve)
          • Removal & Installation (3.0L 4-Valve)
      • Battery Specifications
      • Generator Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • 2002
          • Sable
          • TAURUS
        • 2003
          • Sable
          • TAURUS
  • Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Imported Cars & Trucks
        • ACURA
        • AUDI
        • BENTLEY
        • BMW
        • DAIHATSU
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • FERRARI
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • HONDA
        • HYUNDAI
        • INFINITI
        • ISUZU
        • Jaguar
        • KIA
        • Land Rover
        • LEXUS
        • MAZDA
        • MERCEDES-BENZ
        • MITSUBISHI
        • NISSAN
        • PEUGEOT
        • PORSCHE
        • RENAULT
        • Rolls-ROYCE
        • SAAB
        • SUBARU
        • SUZUKI
        • TOYOTA
        • VOLKSWAGEN
        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
      • Grounds
      • Splices
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fuses & Circuit Breakers
    • Identification
      • Notes
      • Battery Junction Box
      • Central Junction Box
      • In-Line Fuse (Sedan)
      • In-Line Fuse (Wagon)
      • Liftgate Unlock Relay (Wagon)
      • Relay Center Box 1
      • Relay Center Box 2
  • Gauges
    • Instrument Panel - Analog
      • Description
      • Operation
        • Gauges
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Gauge
          • Fuel Gauge
          • Flex-Fuel Module
          • Speedometer/Odometer
        • Warning Indicators
          • Air Bag
          • Anti-Lock Brakes
          • Brake System
          • Charging System
          • Low Fuel
          • Check Transmission
          • Safety Belt
          • Check Fuel Cap
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Self-Diagnostic System
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Instrument Cluster Is Inoperative
        • Test B: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication (Without Flex Fuel)
        • Test C: Fuel Gauge Inaccurate (With Flex Fuel)
        • Test D: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
        • Test E: The Low Oil Pressure Warning Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test F: Speedometer/Odometer Inoperative
        • Test G: Tachometer Is Inoperative
        • Test H: Low Fuel Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
        • Test I: Charging System Indicator Inoperative
        • Test J: Brake Warning Indicator Is Never On
        • Test K: Brake Warning Light Is Never On (With Parking Brake Engaged)
        • Test L: Check Engine Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test M: Safety Belt Warning Indicator Does Not Operate Correctly
        • Test N: Door Ajar Indicator Does Not Operate Correctly
        • Test O: Left Hand Turn Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test P: Right Hand Turn Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test Q: High Beam Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test R: Traction Control Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test S: Check Transmission Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test T: Abs Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test U: Low Coolant Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test V: Cruise Control Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Test W: Check Fuel Cap Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On
        • Test X: No Communication With Generic Electronic Module
      • Component Tests
        • Headlight Switch
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Fuel Pressure Relief
        • Fuel Gauge Sending Unit
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Gauge/Temperature Gauge
          • Removal & Installation
        • Generic Electronic Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Indicator/Warning Bulbs
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Removal & Installation (Floor Shift)
          • Removal & Installation (Column Shift)
        • Oil Pressure Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Printed Circuit
          • Removal & Installation
        • Speedometer/Odometer
          • Removal & Installation
        • Tachometer
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Sable
        • TAURUS
  • Motors, Switches, Relays
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C clutch solenoid connector end view (C100)
        • Crankshaft position sensor connector end view (C101)
        • Generator connector end view (C102)
        • Oil pressure switch connector end view (C103)
        • Knock sensor connector end view (C108)
        • Knock sensor connector end view (C109)
        • Inline Connector end view (C110)
        • Speed control servo connector end view (C122)
        • EVAP canister purge valve connector end view (C123)
        • Brake fluid level switch connector end view (C124)
        • Windshield wiper motor connector end view (C125)
        • Anti... theft hood switch connector end view (C127)
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor connector end view (C128)
        • Low charge protection switch connector end view (C130)
        • Horn connector end view (C131)
        • Inline Connector end view (C133)
        • ABS control module connector end view (C135)
        • Windshield washer pump motor connector end view (C137)
        • Inline Connector end view (C139)
        • Inline Connector end view (C140)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #22 connector end view (C141)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 connector end view (C142)
        • Turbine shaft speed sensor connector end view (C143)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left front connector end view (C150)
        • Fog lamp, left front connector end view (C152)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right front connector end view (C160)
        • Fog lamp, right front connector end view (C162)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) sensor connector end view (C167)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 connector end view (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #21 connector end view (C172)
        • Ignition transformer capacitor 1 connector end view (C174)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) connector end view (C175)
        • Non... Speed control jumper connector end view (C176)
        • Forward crash sensor connector end view (C177)
        • Camshaft position sensor connector end view (C180)
        • Injector 1 connector end view (C181)
        • Injector 2 connector end view (C182)
        • Injector 3 connector end view (C183)
        • Injector 4 connector end view (C184)
        • Injector 5 connector end view (C185)
        • Injector 6 connector end view (C186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) connector end view (C189)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) sensor connector end view (C193)
        • Daytime running lamps resistor connector end view (C196)
        • Ambient air temperature sensor connector end view (C198)
        • AX4S/AX4N Transmission connector end view (C199)
        • Generator Electronic Module (GEM) connector end view (C201a)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) connector end view (C201b)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) connector end view (C201c)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) connector end view (C201d)
        • Multifunction switch connector end view (C202a)
        • Multifunction switch connector end view (C202b)
        • Main light switch connector end view (C205a)
        • Main light switch connector end view (C205b)
        • Luggage compartment lid release switch connector end view (C207)
        • Inline Connector end view (C211)
        • Inline Connector end view (C212)
        • Inline Connector end view (C214)
        • Driver air bag unit connector end view (C216)
        • Air bag sliding contact connector end view (C218a)
        • Air bag sliding contact connector end view (C218b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C219)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C220a)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C220b)
        • Remote Climate Control (RCC) module connector end view (C228)
        • In... vehicle temperature sensor connector end view (C233)
        • CD changer connector end view (C243)
        • Ignition switch connector end view (C250)
        • Data Link Connector (DLC) connector end view (C251)
        • Passive anti... theft transceiver module connector end view (C252)
        • Glove box lamp connector end view (C254)
        • Passenger air bag module connector end view (C256)
        • Inline Connector end view (C260)
        • Inline Connector end view (C263)
        • Inline Connector end view (C264)
        • Inline Connector end view (C265)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) connector end view (C270a)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) connector end view (C270b)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) connector end view (C270c)
        • Front blower motor speed controller connector end view (C271a)
        • Front blower motor speed controller connector end view (C271b)
        • Deactivator Switch connector end view (C277)
        • Brake pedal position switch connector end view (C278)
        • Traction control switch connector end view (C280)
        • Photocell and amplifier connector end view (C287)
        • Temperature blend door actuator connector end view (C289)
        • Inline Connector end view (C291)
        • Front blower motor resistor assembly connector end view (C293)
        • Function selector switch assembly connector end view (C294a)
        • Function selector switch assembly connector end view (C294b)
        • Function selector switch assembly connector end view (C294c)
        • Evaporator discharge air temperature sensor connector end view (C296)
        • High mounted stoplamp connector end view (C302a)
        • High mounted stoplamp connector end view (C302b)
        • Side air bag sensor, right connector end view (C304)
        • Side air bag sensor, left connector end view (C305)
        • Parking brake switch connector end view (C306)
        • Restraints control module connector end view (C310a)
        • Restraints control module connector end view (C310b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C313)
        • Inline Connector end view (C314)
        • Inline Connector end view (C315)
        • Inline Connector end view (C316)
        • Cigar lighter, front connector end view (C319)
        • Inline Connector end view (C327)
        • Inline Connector end view (C328)
        • Seat adjust switch, driver side front connector end view (C330)
        • Power seat motor assembly, right connector end view (C332)
        • Side air bag module, right connector end view (C337)
        • Inline Connector end view (C339)
        • Inline Connector end view (C340)
        • Seat track position sensor, left connector end view (C356)
        • Power seat motor assembly, left connector end view (C357)
        • Seat track position sensor, left connector end view (C358)
        • Seat adjust switch, driver side front connector end view (C360)
        • Side air bag module, left connector end view (C367)
        • Ashtray illumination lamp connector end view (C370)
        • In... line fuse connector end view (C375)
        • Power point connector end view (C380)
        • Safety belt assembly, left connector end view (C381)
        • Power antenna module connector end view (C387)
        • Rear Control Unit (RCU) connector end view (C388a)
        • Rear Control Unit (RCU) connector end view (C388b)
        • Rear Control Unit (RCU) connector end view (C388c)
        • Safety belt assembly, right connector end view (C389)
        • Docking station connector end view (C390)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) switch connector end view (C392)
        • Adjustable pedal switch connector end view (C393)
        • Rear window defrost grid connector end view (C402a)
        • Rear window defrost grid connector end view (C402b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C406)
        • Inline Connector end view (C408)
        • Inline Connector end view (C410)
        • Inline Connector end view (C411)
        • Park/turn lamp, left rear connector end view (C412)
        • Turn lamp, left rear connector end view (C413)
        • Park/turn lamp, right rear connector end view (C415)
        • Turn lamp, right rear connector end view (C416)
        • Park/stop lamp, right rear connector end view (C418)
        • Park/stop lamp, left rear connector end view (C419)
        • Inline Connector end view (C423)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right rear connector end view (C426)
        • Luggage compartment lamp connector end view (C428)
        • Luggage compartment lid release solenoid connector end view (C430)
        • Inline Connector end view (C431)
        • Inline Connector end view (C432)
        • Fuel pump driver module connector end view (C433)
        • Fuel sender connector end view (C434)
        • Fuel tank pressure transducer sensor connector end view (C435)
        • Inline Connector end view (C438)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left rear connector end view (C440)
        • Evaporative emission (EVAP) canister vent valve connector end view (C450)
        • Reversing lamp, left connector end view (C451)
        • License plate lamp, left connector end view (C452)
        • Reversing lamp, right connector end view (C461)
        • License plate lamp, right connector end view (C462)
        • Fuel pump connector end view (C463)
        • Inline Connector end view (C465)
        • High mounted stoplamp connector end view (C475)
        • Rear wiper motor assembly connector end view (C476)
        • Rear window washer pump motor connector end view (C477)
        • Liftgate glass ajar switch connector end view (C478)
        • Liftgate ajar switch connector end view (C479)
        • Liftgate lock actuator connector end view (C480)
        • Side lamp, left rear connector end view (C481)
        • Side lamp, right rear connector end view (C482)
        • Anti... theft luggage compartment switch connector end view (C483)
        • Speaker, left rear connector end view (C484)
        • Speaker, left rear connector end view (C485)
        • Wiper run/park relay connector end view (C1002)
        • Fog lamp relay connector end view (C1007)
        • A/C clutch relay connector end view (C1008)
        • PCM power relay connector end view (C1016)
        • Starter relay connector end view (C1017)
        • Headlamp, left connector end view (C1021)
        • Park/turn lamp, left front connector end view (C1023)
        • Engine cooling fan resistor connector end view (C1027)
        • Engine cooling fan brake relay connector end view (C1028)
        • Headlamp, right connector end view (C1041)
        • Park/turn lamp, right front connector end view (C1043)
        • Fuel pump relay connector end view (C1051)
        • Engine cooling fan relay connector end view (C1055)
        • High speed fan control relay connector end view (C1056)
        • Low speed fan control relay connector end view (C1058)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sender connector end view (C1061)
        • Dual pressure switch connector end view (C1062)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor connector end view (C1064)
        • Ignition coil connector end view (C1065)
        • Idle air control valve (IAC) connector end view (C1066)
        • Differential pressure feedback EGR (DPFE) sensor connector end view (C1067)
        • Differential pressure feedback EGR (DPFE) sensor connector end view (C1068)
        • Low coolant level switch connector end view (C1069)
        • EGR vacuum regulator solenoid connector end view (C1072)
        • Injector pressure sensor connector end view (C1073)
        • Engine cooling fan motor 1 connector end view (C1074)
        • Engine cooling fan motor 2 connector end view (C1077)
        • Generator connector end view (C1104)
        • Power steering pressure sensor connector end view (C1311)
        • Rear window wiper/washer switch connector end view (C2000)
        • PRNDL illumination lamp connector end view (C2002)
        • Adjustable pedal motor connector end view (C2003)
        • Front blower motor connector end view (C2004)
        • Flexible fuel sensor module connector end view (C2005)
        • Front blower motor connector end view (C2006)
        • Brake shift interlock connector end view (C2008)
        • Integrated control panel connector end view (C2009)
        • Blower motor relay connector end view (C2017)
        • Rear window defrost relay connector end view (C2021)
        • Electronic flasher module connector end view (C2027)
        • Accessory relay connector end view (C2050)
        • One... touch window relay connector end view (C2051)
        • Liftgate unlock relay connector end view (C2052)
        • Luggage compartment lid release relay connector end view (C2053)
        • In... line fuse connector end view (C3171)
        • High mounted stoplamp connector end view (C3175)
  • Starter
    • Starting System
      • Description
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Starter Does Not Crank
        • Test B: Unusual Starter Noise
      • On-Vehicle Testing
        • Notes
        • Voltage Drop Test
        • Starter Ground Circuit Test
      • Removal & Installation
        • Starter Motor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Starter Motor Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Sable
        • TAURUS
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C clutch solenoid connector end view (C100)
        • Crankshaft position sensor connector end view (C101)
        • Generator connector end view (C102)
        • Oil pressure switch connector end view (C103)
        • Knock sensor connector end view (C108)
        • Knock sensor connector end view (C109)
        • Inline Connector end view (C110)
        • Speed control servo connector end view (C122)
        • EVAP canister purge valve connector end view (C123)
        • Brake fluid level switch connector end view (C124)
        • Windshield wiper motor connector end view (C125)
        • Anti... theft hood switch connector end view (C127)
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor connector end view (C128)
        • Low charge protection switch connector end view (C130)
        • Horn connector end view (C131)
        • Inline Connector end view (C133)
        • ABS control module connector end view (C135)
        • Windshield washer pump motor connector end view (C137)
        • Inline Connector end view (C139)
        • Inline Connector end view (C140)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #22 connector end view (C141)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 connector end view (C142)
        • Turbine shaft speed sensor connector end view (C143)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left front connector end view (C150)
        • Fog lamp, left front connector end view (C152)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right front connector end view (C160)
        • Fog lamp, right front connector end view (C162)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) sensor connector end view (C167)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 connector end view (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #21 connector end view (C172)
        • Ignition transformer capacitor 1 connector end view (C174)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) connector end view (C175)
        • Non... Speed control jumper connector end view (C176)
        • Forward crash sensor connector end view (C177)
        • Camshaft position sensor connector end view (C180)
        • Injector 1 connector end view (C181)
        • Injector 2 connector end view (C182)
        • Injector 3 connector end view (C183)
        • Injector 4 connector end view (C184)
        • Injector 5 connector end view (C185)
        • Injector 6 connector end view (C186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) connector end view (C189)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) sensor connector end view (C193)
        • Daytime running lamps resistor connector end view (C196)
        • Ambient air temperature sensor connector end view (C198)
        • AX4S/AX4N Transmission connector end view (C199)
        • Generator Electronic Module (GEM) connector end view (C201a)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) connector end view (C201b)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) connector end view (C201c)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) connector end view (C201d)
        • Multifunction switch connector end view (C202a)
        • Multifunction switch connector end view (C202b)
        • Main light switch connector end view (C205a)
        • Main light switch connector end view (C205b)
        • Luggage compartment lid release switch connector end view (C207)
        • Inline Connector end view (C211)
        • Inline Connector end view (C212)
        • Inline Connector end view (C214)
        • Driver air bag unit connector end view (C216)
        • Air bag sliding contact connector end view (C218a)
        • Air bag sliding contact connector end view (C218b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C219)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C220a)
        • Instrument cluster connector end view (C220b)
        • Remote Climate Control (RCC) module connector end view (C228)
        • In... vehicle temperature sensor connector end view (C233)
        • CD changer connector end view (C243)
        • Ignition switch connector end view (C250)
        • Data Link Connector (DLC) connector end view (C251)
        • Passive anti... theft transceiver module connector end view (C252)
        • Glove box lamp connector end view (C254)
        • Passenger air bag module connector end view (C256)
        • Inline Connector end view (C260)
        • Inline Connector end view (C263)
        • Inline Connector end view (C264)
        • Inline Connector end view (C265)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) connector end view (C270a)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) connector end view (C270b)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) connector end view (C270c)
        • Front blower motor speed controller connector end view (C271a)
        • Front blower motor speed controller connector end view (C271b)
        • Deactivator Switch connector end view (C277)
        • Brake pedal position switch connector end view (C278)
        • Traction control switch connector end view (C280)
        • Photocell and amplifier connector end view (C287)
        • Temperature blend door actuator connector end view (C289)
        • Inline Connector end view (C291)
        • Front blower motor resistor assembly connector end view (C293)
        • Function selector switch assembly connector end view (C294a)
        • Function selector switch assembly connector end view (C294b)
        • Function selector switch assembly connector end view (C294c)
        • Evaporator discharge air temperature sensor connector end view (C296)
        • High mounted stoplamp connector end view (C302a)
        • High mounted stoplamp connector end view (C302b)
        • Side air bag sensor, right connector end view (C304)
        • Side air bag sensor, left connector end view (C305)
        • Parking brake switch connector end view (C306)
        • Restraints control module connector end view (C310a)
        • Restraints control module connector end view (C310b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C313)
        • Inline Connector end view (C314)
        • Inline Connector end view (C315)
        • Inline Connector end view (C316)
        • Cigar lighter, front connector end view (C319)
        • Inline Connector end view (C327)
        • Inline Connector end view (C328)
        • Seat adjust switch, driver side front connector end view (C330)
        • Power seat motor assembly, right connector end view (C332)
        • Side air bag module, right connector end view (C337)
        • Inline Connector end view (C339)
        • Inline Connector end view (C340)
        • Seat track position sensor, left connector end view (C356)
        • Power seat motor assembly, left connector end view (C357)
        • Seat track position sensor, left connector end view (C358)
        • Seat adjust switch, driver side front connector end view (C360)
        • Side air bag module, left connector end view (C367)
        • Ashtray illumination lamp connector end view (C370)
        • In... line fuse connector end view (C375)
        • Power point connector end view (C380)
        • Safety belt assembly, left connector end view (C381)
        • Power antenna module connector end view (C387)
        • Rear Control Unit (RCU) connector end view (C388a)
        • Rear Control Unit (RCU) connector end view (C388b)
        • Rear Control Unit (RCU) connector end view (C388c)
        • Safety belt assembly, right connector end view (C389)
        • Docking station connector end view (C390)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) switch connector end view (C392)
        • Adjustable pedal switch connector end view (C393)
        • Rear window defrost grid connector end view (C402a)
        • Rear window defrost grid connector end view (C402b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C406)
        • Inline Connector end view (C408)
        • Inline Connector end view (C410)
        • Inline Connector end view (C411)
        • Park/turn lamp, left rear connector end view (C412)
        • Turn lamp, left rear connector end view (C413)
        • Park/turn lamp, right rear connector end view (C415)
        • Turn lamp, right rear connector end view (C416)
        • Park/stop lamp, right rear connector end view (C418)
        • Park/stop lamp, left rear connector end view (C419)
        • Inline Connector end view (C423)
        • Wheel speed sensor, right rear connector end view (C426)
        • Luggage compartment lamp connector end view (C428)
        • Luggage compartment lid release solenoid connector end view (C430)
        • Inline Connector end view (C431)
        • Inline Connector end view (C432)
        • Fuel pump driver module connector end view (C433)
        • Fuel sender connector end view (C434)
        • Fuel tank pressure transducer sensor connector end view (C435)
        • Inline Connector end view (C438)
        • Wheel speed sensor, left rear connector end view (C440)
        • Evaporative emission (EVAP) canister vent valve connector end view (C450)
        • Reversing lamp, left connector end view (C451)
        • License plate lamp, left connector end view (C452)
        • Reversing lamp, right connector end view (C461)
        • License plate lamp, right connector end view (C462)
        • Fuel pump connector end view (C463)
        • Inline Connector end view (C465)
        • High mounted stoplamp connector end view (C475)
        • Rear wiper motor assembly connector end view (C476)
        • Rear window washer pump motor connector end view (C477)
        • Liftgate glass ajar switch connector end view (C478)
        • Liftgate ajar switch connector end view (C479)
        • Liftgate lock actuator connector end view (C480)
        • Side lamp, left rear connector end view (C481)
        • Side lamp, right rear connector end view (C482)
        • Anti... theft luggage compartment switch connector end view (C483)
        • Speaker, left rear connector end view (C484)
        • Speaker, left rear connector end view (C485)
        • Wiper run/park relay connector end view (C1002)
        • Fog lamp relay connector end view (C1007)
        • A/C clutch relay connector end view (C1008)
        • PCM power relay connector end view (C1016)
        • Starter relay connector end view (C1017)
        • Headlamp, left connector end view (C1021)
        • Park/turn lamp, left front connector end view (C1023)
        • Engine cooling fan resistor connector end view (C1027)
        • Engine cooling fan brake relay connector end view (C1028)
        • Headlamp, right connector end view (C1041)
        • Park/turn lamp, right front connector end view (C1043)
        • Fuel pump relay connector end view (C1051)
        • Engine cooling fan relay connector end view (C1055)
        • High speed fan control relay connector end view (C1056)
        • Low speed fan control relay connector end view (C1058)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sender connector end view (C1061)
        • Dual pressure switch connector end view (C1062)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor connector end view (C1064)
        • Ignition coil connector end view (C1065)
        • Idle air control valve (IAC) connector end view (C1066)
        • Differential pressure feedback EGR (DPFE) sensor connector end view (C1067)
        • Differential pressure feedback EGR (DPFE) sensor connector end view (C1068)
        • Low coolant level switch connector end view (C1069)
        • EGR vacuum regulator solenoid connector end view (C1072)
        • Injector pressure sensor connector end view (C1073)
        • Engine cooling fan motor 1 connector end view (C1074)
        • Engine cooling fan motor 2 connector end view (C1077)
        • Generator connector end view (C1104)
        • Power steering pressure sensor connector end view (C1311)
        • Rear window wiper/washer switch connector end view (C2000)
        • PRNDL illumination lamp connector end view (C2002)
        • Adjustable pedal motor connector end view (C2003)
        • Front blower motor connector end view (C2004)
        • Flexible fuel sensor module connector end view (C2005)
        • Front blower motor connector end view (C2006)
        • Brake shift interlock connector end view (C2008)
        • Integrated control panel connector end view (C2009)
        • Blower motor relay connector end view (C2017)
        • Rear window defrost relay connector end view (C2021)
        • Electronic flasher module connector end view (C2027)
        • Accessory relay connector end view (C2050)
        • One... touch window relay connector end view (C2051)
        • Liftgate unlock relay connector end view (C2052)
        • Luggage compartment lid release relay connector end view (C2053)
        • In... line fuse connector end view (C3171)
        • High mounted stoplamp connector end view (C3175)
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Body Control Modules
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cooling Fan
      • Cruise Control
      • Defoggers
      • Engine Performance
        • 3.0L 12-Valve
        • 3.0L 24-Valve
        • 3.0L Flex Fuel
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Power Antenna
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Seats
      • Power Top/Sunroof
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlock
      • Starting/Charging
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
        • 3.0L 12-Valve
        • 3.0L 24-Valve
        • 3.0L Flex Fuel
      • Trunk, Tailgate, Fuel Door
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Engine Mechanical
  • Accessory Drive Belts
    • Cooling System Specifications & Drive Belt Routing
      • Bleeding
        • Cooling System
          • Notes
          • Except LS
          • LS
      • Drive Belt Adjustment
      • Drive Belt Routing
        • Notes
        • Continental
        • Cougar
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Cougar - 2.0L VIN 3)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Cougar - 2.5L)
        • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Town Car
        • Escort
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Escort & ZX2 - 2.0L VIN 3)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Escort - 2.0L VIN P)
        • Focus
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Focus - 2.0L VIN 3)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Focus - 2.0L VIN P)
        • LS (3.0L)
        • LS & THUNDERBIRD (3.9L)
        • Mustang
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Mustang - 3.8L)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Mustang - 4.6L)
        • Sable & TAURUS
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Sable & Taurus - 3.0L VIN S)
          • Water Pump Routing (Sable & Taurus - 3.0L VIN S) With Tensioner
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Sable & Taurus - 3.0L VIN U)
      • Coolant Replacement Intervals
      • Cooling System Specifications
        • Continental
        • Cougar
        • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Town Car
        • Escort
        • Focus
        • LS & THUNDERBIRD
        • Mustang
        • Sable & TAURUS
  • Auxiliary Emission Control Systems
    • Emission Control System Visual Inspection Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Emission Control Labels
      • Emission Control Visual Inspection
        • Notes
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV)
        • Thermostatic Air Cleaner (TAC)
        • Fuel Evaporative System (EVAP)
        • Catalytic Converters
          • Oxidation Catalyst (OC)
          • Three-Way Catalyst (TWC)
          • Three-Way Catalyst + Oxidation Catalyst (TWC + OC)
        • Fill Pipe RESTRICTOR (Fr)
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) System
          • Single Diaphragm EGR Valve
          • Dual Diaphragm EGR Valve
          • Positive Backpressure EGR (BP/EGR) Valve
          • Negative Backpressure EGR (BP/EGR) Valve
          • Digital EGR Valve
          • Integrated Electronic EGR Valve
        • Spark Controls (SPK)
        • Air Injection System (AIS)
          • Air Pump Injection System (AP)
          • Pulsed Secondary Air Injection (PAIR) System
        • Oxygen Sensor (O2)
        • Computerized Engine Controls (CEC)
        • Early Fuel Evaporation (EFE)
        • Emission Maintenance Reminder Light (EMR) (If Equipped)
        • Malfunction Indicator Light (Mil)
  • Cooling Fan
    • Electric Cooling Fans
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Notes
        • Preliminary Inspection
      • Diagnostic System
      • Removal & Installation
        • Fan Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Sable
          • 2002
          • 2003
          • 2004
        • TAURUS
          • 2002
          • 2003
          • 2004
    • Engine Cooling System
      • Specifications
        • Notes
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine Cooling
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine Cooling
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Cooling Fans
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Loss Of Coolant
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Engine Overheats
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Engine Does Not Reach Normal Operating Temperature
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Cooling Fans Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Cooling Fans Stay On All The Time
        • Component Tests
          • Pressure Test
          • Cap
          • Thermostat-Water
          • Thermostat-Electrical Test
          • Thermostat-Mechanical Test
          • Radiator Leak Test, Removed From the Vehicle
      • General Procedures
        • Cooling System Draining, Filling and Bleeding
          • Notes
          • Draining
          • Filling and Bleeding With RADKITPLUS
          • Filling Without RADKITPLUS
          • Bleeding Without RADKITPLUS
        • Cooling System Flushing
      • Removal And Installation
        • Block Heater
          • Removal and Installation
        • Thermostat - 3.0L (2V)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Thermostat - 3.0L (4V)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Radiator Hose - Tube Assembly, 3.0L (4V)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Bypass Tube - 3.0L (4V)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Water Pump - 3.0L (2V)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Water Pump - 3.0L (4V)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Radiator
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Cooling Fan
          • Removal and Installation
        • Degas Bottle
          • Removal and Installation
  • Cooling System (Mechanical)
    • Cooling System Specifications & Drive Belt Routing
      • Bleeding
        • Cooling System
          • Notes
          • Except LS
          • LS
      • Drive Belt Adjustment
      • Drive Belt Routing
        • Notes
        • Continental
        • Cougar
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Cougar - 2.0L VIN 3)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Cougar - 2.5L)
        • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Town Car
        • Escort
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Escort & ZX2 - 2.0L VIN 3)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Escort - 2.0L VIN P)
        • Focus
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Focus - 2.0L VIN 3)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Focus - 2.0L VIN P)
        • LS (3.0L)
        • LS & THUNDERBIRD (3.9L)
        • Mustang
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Mustang - 3.8L)
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Mustang - 4.6L)
        • Sable & TAURUS
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Sable & Taurus - 3.0L VIN S)
          • Water Pump Routing (Sable & Taurus - 3.0L VIN S) With Tensioner
          • Serpentine Belt Routing (Sable & Taurus - 3.0L VIN U)
      • Coolant Replacement Intervals
      • Cooling System Specifications
        • Continental
        • Cougar
        • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Town Car
        • Escort
        • Focus
        • LS & THUNDERBIRD
        • Mustang
        • Sable & TAURUS
    • Engine Cooling System
      • Specifications
        • Notes
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine Cooling
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine Cooling
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Cooling Fans
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Loss Of Coolant
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Engine Overheats
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Engine Does Not Reach Normal Operating Temperature
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Cooling Fans Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Cooling Fans Stay On All The Time
        • Component Tests
          • Pressure Test
          • Cap
          • Thermostat-Water
          • Thermostat-Electrical Test
          • Thermostat-Mechanical Test
          • Radiator Leak Test, Removed From the Vehicle
      • General Procedures
        • Cooling System Draining, Filling and Bleeding
          • Notes
          • Draining
          • Filling and Bleeding With RADKITPLUS
          • Filling Without RADKITPLUS
          • Bleeding Without RADKITPLUS
        • Cooling System Flushing
      • Removal And Installation
        • Block Heater
          • Removal and Installation
        • Thermostat - 3.0L (2V)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Thermostat - 3.0L (4V)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Radiator Hose - Tube Assembly, 3.0L (4V)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Bypass Tube - 3.0L (4V)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Water Pump - 3.0L (2V)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Water Pump - 3.0L (4V)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Radiator
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Cooling Fan
          • Removal and Installation
        • Degas Bottle
          • Removal and Installation
  • Fuel System
    • Fuel Tank & Fuel Lines
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Fuel Tank and Lines
      • Removal And Installation
        • Fuel Tank
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Tank Support Straps
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Pump Module
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Tank Filler Pipe
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Filter
          • Removal and Installation
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch
          • Removal and Installation
            • All vehicles
  • Mechanical
    • Engine - 3.0L 4V
      • Specifications
        • Engine Compression
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifiations
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine
      • In-Vehicle Repair
        • Upper Intake Manifold
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lower Intake Manifold
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Engine Front Cover
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Cover LH
          • Materials
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Cover RH
          • Materials
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Camshafts LH
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Camshafts RH
          • Materials
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Timing Drive Components
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Roller Followers
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials
          • Removal and Installation
        • Hydraulic Lash Adjuster
          • Materials
          • Removal and Installation
        • Crankshaft Pulley
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Crankshaft Vibration Damper
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Front Oil Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Spring
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Valve Seals
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Exhaust Manifold LH
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Exhaust Manifold RH
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cylinder Head LH
          • Materials
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cylinder Head RH
          • Materials
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Pressure Sender
          • Removal and Installation
        • Oil Level Indicator and Tube
          • Materials
          • Removal and Installation
        • Oil Pan
          • Materials
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Pump Screen and Pickup Tube
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Pan Baffle
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Pump
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Flexplate
          • Removal and Installation
        • Crankshaft Rear Oil Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Engine Support Insulators - Front, LH
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Engine Support Insulators - Front, RH
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
      • Removal
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
      • Disassembly
        • Engine
      • Disassembly And Assembly Of Subassemblies
        • Cylinder Head
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Piston
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
      • Assembly
        • Engine
      • Installation
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials
          • Installation
    • Engine System General Information
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine
          • Special Tools
          • Materials
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
            • Engine Oil Leaks
            • Engine Oil Leaks-Fluorescent Oil Additive Method
            • Leakage Points-Underhood
            • Leakage Points-Under Engine-With Vehicle on Hoist
            • Leakage Points-With Transmission and Flywheel Removed
          • Compression Test-Compression Gauge Check
            • Notes
            • Compression Test - Test Results
            • Compression Test-Interpreting Compression Readings
          • Cylinder Leakage Detection
          • Oil Consumption Test
          • Intake Manifold Vacuum Test
            • Notes
            • Intake Manifold Vacuum Test-Interpreting Vacuum Gauge Readings
          • Excessive Engine Oil Consumption
            • Notes
            • Oil Pressure Test
          • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off-Valve Cover Removed
            • Notes
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off, Rocker Arm
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off, Camshaft Roller Followers and Hydraulic Lash Adjusters, Overhead Camshaft
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off, Camshaft-Engines
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off, Push Rods
            • Valve Train Analysis-Valve Springs
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off, Valve Spring Retainer and Valve Spring Retainer Keys
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off, Valves and Cylinder Head
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off, Camshaft Lobe Lift-OHC Engines
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Running, Camshaft Lobe Lift-Push Rod Engine
          • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Running
            • Notes
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Running, Valves and Cylinder Head
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Running, Valve Tappet
      • General Procedures
        • Sprockets
        • Rocker Arms - Cleaning
        • Rocker Arms - Inspection
        • Push Rods - Cleaning
        • Push Rods - Inspection
        • Camshaft Journal - Diameter
        • Camshaft Journal - Clearance, Push Rod Engines, Micrometer Method
        • Camshaft Journal - Clearance, Plastigage Method
        • Camshaft - End Play, Push Rod Engines
        • Camshaft - End Play, OHC Engines
        • Camshaft - Lobe Surface
        • Camshaft - Lobe Lift
        • Camshaft - Runout
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Diameter
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Taper
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Clearance
        • Crankshaft - End Play
        • Crankshaft - Runout
        • Crankshaft - Connecting Rod Journal Taper, Out of Round
        • Cylinder Bore - Taper
        • Cylinder Bore - Out-of-Round
        • Piston - Inspection
        • Piston - Pin to Bore Diameter
        • Piston - Diameter
        • Piston - to Cylinder Bore Clearance
        • Piston - Selection
        • Piston - Ring End Gap
        • Piston - Ring-to-Groove Clearance
        • Piston - Pin Diameter
        • Connecting Rod - Cleaning
        • Connecting Rod - Large End Bore
        • Connecting Rod - Bushing Diameter
        • Connecting Rod - Bend
        • Connecting Rod - Twist
        • Connecting Rod - Piston Pin Side Clearance
        • Connecting Rod - Bearing Journal Clearance
        • Roller Follower - Inspection
          • Push rod engines
          • OHC engines
        • Valve Tappet - Inspection
          • Push rod engines
          • OHC engines
        • Valve - Stem Diameter
        • Valve - Stem to Valve Guide Clearance
        • Valve - Inspection
        • Valve - Guide Inner Diameter
        • Valve - Guide Reaming
        • Valve - Spring Installed Length
        • Valve - Spring Free Length
        • Valve - Spring Squareness
        • Valve - Spring Strength
        • Valve - Seat Inspection
          • Valve and Seat Refacing Measurements
        • Valve - Seat Width
        • Valve - Seat Runout
        • Cylinder Head - Distortion
        • Cylinder Bore - Cleaning
        • Cylinder Block - Core Plug Replacement
          • Notes
          • Cup-Type
          • Expansion-Type
        • Spark Plug - Inspection
        • Exhaust Manifold - Inspection
        • Bearing - Inspection
  • Starter
    • Starting System
      • Description
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Starter Does Not Crank
        • Test B: Unusual Starter Noise
      • On-Vehicle Testing
        • Notes
        • Voltage Drop Test
        • Starter Ground Circuit Test
      • Removal & Installation
        • Starter Motor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Starter Motor Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • Sable
        • TAURUS
• Engine Performance
  • Engine Controls - On-Vehicle Adjustments
    • Engine Mechanical
    • Valve Clearance
      • Notes
      • 2.0L Engine (VIN 3)
      • 3.0L Engine (VIN S)
      • 3.9L Engine (VIN A)
    • Ignition Timing
    • Idle Speed
  • Application
    • Engine Introduction - Cars
      • Engine Introduction - Cars
        • Notes
        • Vehicle Identification Number Description
          • Notes
          • World Manufacturer Identifier - Position 1
          • Restraint Type Code - Position 2
          • Line, Series & Body Type Code - Position 3
          • Engine Code - Position 4
          • Computer-Generated Check Digit - Position 5
          • Model Year Code - Position 6
          • Assembly Plant Code - Position 7
          • Production Sequence Number - Position 8
        • Model/Year VIN Code Applications
        • Engine Code Location
  • Emissions
    • EGR Function Testing - Ford - Cars
      • EGR Function Testing - Ford - Cars
        • Test 1
          • Ported EGR Valve
        • Test 2
          • Backpressure Transducer EGR System
        • Test 3
          • Integral Backpressure Transducer EGR System
        • Test 4
          • Electronic EGR Valve
        • Test 5
          • 1994-96 All Except 2.5L (VIN B)
        • Test 6
          • EEC-V Equipped Vehicles
        • Test 7
          • 1.8L & 2.5L (EEC Systems)
        • Test 8
          • EGR Valve
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator (EVR) Solenoid
        • Test 9
    • Emission Applications
      • Emission Applications
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
  • Fuel Delivery
    • Fuel Tank & Fuel Lines
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Fuel Tank and Lines
      • Removal And Installation
        • Fuel Tank
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Tank Support Straps
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Pump Module
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Tank Filler Pipe
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Filter
          • Removal and Installation
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch
          • Removal and Installation
            • All vehicles
  • Mode 6 - 2002 Ford - Except Diesel
    • Introduction
    • Catalyst Monitor
    • Misfire Monitor
    • Air System Monitor
    • EVAP Monitor
    • Front Ho2S Monitor
    • Rear Ho2S Monitor
    • EGR Monitor
  • Engine Controls - Pin Voltage Charts
    • Introduction
    • Test Equipment
    • Test Procedures
      • Notes
      • Pin Voltage Testing
      • Symptom Testing
      • PID Testing
        • Notes
        • Accessing Ford Specific PIDs
        • Accessing Generic OBD-II PIDs
      • Pcm Connector End Views
      • Powertrain Control Module Locations
    • PID Definitions & Pin Voltage/PID Values
      • Notes
      • PID Definitions
      • Pin Voltage/PID Value Tables
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Continental
        • Cougar
          • Cougar 2.0L M/T
          • Cougar 2.5L A/T
          • Cougar 2.5L M/T
        • Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis
          • Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis 4.6L (Gasoline Vehicle)
          • Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis 4.6L (Natural Gas Vehicle)
        • Escort & ZX2
          • Escort 2.0L 2V A/T
          • ZX2 2.0L 4V A/T
          • ZX2 2.0L 4V M/T
        • Focus
          • Focus 2.0L 2V A/T
          • Focus 2.0L 2V M/T
          • Focus 2.0L 4V A/T
          • Focus 2.0L 4V M/T
        • LS
          • LS 3.0L A/T
          • LS 3.0L M/T
          • LS 3.9L A/T
        • Mustang
          • Mustang 3.8L A/T
          • Mustang 3.8L M/T
          • Mustang 4.6L 2V A/T
          • Mustang 4.6L 2V M/T
        • Sable & Taurus
          • Notes
          • Sable & TAURUS 3.0L 2V (Flexible Fuel & Gasoline)
          • Sable & TAURUS 3.0L 4V
        • Thunderbird
        • Town Car
  • Remove, Overhaul & Install
    • Engine Controls - Remove/Install/Overhaul
      • Introduction
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Intake Manifold
          • Removal & Installation (3.0L DOHC - Lower)
          • Removal & Installation (3.0L DOHC - Upper)
          • Removal (3.0L OHV - Lower)
          • Installation (3.0L OHV - Lower)
          • Removal & Installation (3.0L OHV - Upper)
        • Throttle Body
          • Removal & Installation
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Notes
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Removal & Installation
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Camshaft Position Sensor
        • Camshaft Synchronizer (3.0L OHV)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor
        • Knock Sensor
        • Mass Airflow Sensor
        • Throttle Position Sensor
      • Motors, Relays & Solenoids
        • Canister Vent Solenoid
        • Idle Air Control Valve
      • Cooling Systems
        • Cooling System Precautions
        • Cooling System Draining
        • Cooling System Filling & Bleeding
      • Ignition Systems
        • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Removal & Installation (3.0L DOHC)
          • Removal & Installation (3.0L OHV)
        • Camshaft Synchronizer (3.0L OHV)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Removal & Installation (3.0L 2V)
          • Removal (3.0L 4V)
          • Installation (3.0L 4V)
        • Ignition Coil
          • Removal & Installation
        • Knock Sensor
        • Spark Plug
          • Removal & Installation
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel System Safety Precautions
          • Safe Fuel Handling Practices (Gasoline, Methanol & Methanol Blends)
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Reset Procedure
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
        • Fuel Line Connector
          • Notes
          • Removal (Spring Lock Coupling)
          • Installation
          • Removal ("R" Clip Fitting)
          • Removal & Installation (Push-Connect Type Fitting)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Injection Supply Manifold & Injectors
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (3.0L DOHC)
          • Removal & Installation (3.0L OHV)
        • Fuel Filter
          • Removal & Installation (SABLE & TAURUS)
        • Fuel Pump Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Injection Pressure Regulator Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Intake Manifold
        • Mass Airflow Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Idle Control Systems
        • Idle Air Control Valve
          • Removal & Installation
      • Emission Systems & Subsystems
        • Exhaust Manifold-To-Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Valve Tube
          • Removal & Installation
        • Secondary Air Pump (3.0L OHV - Flex-Fuel)
          • Removal & Installation
      • Evaporative Emissions System
        • Evaporative Emission System Safety Precautions
        • Vapor Tube Fittings
          • Removal & Installation (External Squeeze Fitting)
          • Removal & Installation (Internal Squeeze Fitting)
          • Removal & Installation (Push Release Fitting)
        • Canister Purge Valve
          • Removal & Installation
        • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • Removal & Installation
        • Charcoal Canister
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Vapor Control Tube Assembly Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Vapor Vent Valve
        • After Repair Procedure
      • Torque Specifications
        • 3.0L DOHC
        • 3.0L OHV
  • Sensor Range Charts
    • Engine Controls - Sensor Operating Range Charts
      • Introduction
  • Specifications
    • Engine Controls - Service & Adjustment Specifications
      • Introduction
      • Capacities
        • Cooling System Capacities
        • Engine Oil Capacity
        • Transmission Capacities
        • Differential Fluid Capacity
      • Quick-Service
        • Service Intervals & Specifications
        • Belt Adjustment
      • Mechanical Checks
        • Engine Compression
        • Valve Clearance
      • Ignition Systems
        • High Tension Wire Resistance
        • Spark Plugs
          • Spark Plug Specifications (4-Cylinder)
          • Spark Plug Specifications (V6)
          • Spark Plug Specifications (V8)
        • Firing Order & Timing Marks
          • 2.0L DOHC
          • 2.0L SOHC
          • 2.5L
          • 3.0L (2V)
          • 3.0L (4V)
          • 3.8L
          • 3.9L
          • 4.6L
        • Ignition Timing
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Pump
        • Idle Speed & Mixture
        • Throttle Position Sensor
    • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
      • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
        • Notes
        • 3 Cylinder Engine
        • 4 Cylinder Engine
        • 5 Cylinder Engine
        • V6 Engine
          • 3.3L (VIN T) Engines
          • 3.0L Villager Engine
          • All Other V6 Engines Except 3.3L (VIN T) & 3.0L Villager Engine
        • V8 Engine
          • 3.9L (VIN A) V8 Engines
          • 5.2L V8 Engines
          • 5.0L (Mustang Only) & 6.2L V8 Engines
          • All Other Gasoline V8 Engines Except 3.9L (VIN A), 5.0L (Mustang Only), 5.2L & 6.2L
          • Diesel V8 Engine (To 2010)
          • 6.7L Diesel V8 Engine (From 2011)
        • V10 Engine
    • Fuel System Pressure Specifications
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Pressure - Cars
        • Fuel Pressure - Trucks
  • System
    • Engine Controls - Basic Diagnostic Procedures
      • Introduction
      • Preliminary Inspection & Adjustments
        • Visual Inspection
        • Mechanical Inspection
          • Compression
          • Exhaust System Backpressure
      • Fuel Systems
        • Preliminary Checks
        • Fuel Pressure Release
        • Fuel System Pressure
          • Natural Gas Engines
          • Gasoline Engines
        • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Injector Resistance
          • Fuel Injector Check
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
      • Ignition Checks
        • Preliminary Checks
        • EDIS (DISTRIBUTORLESS) Ignition System
          • Notes
          • Spark Check
        • Ignition Coil Resistance
      • Idle Speed & Ignition Timing
        • Notes
        • Idle Mixture Adjustment
        • Ignition Timing
      • Throttle Position Sensor Adjustment
      • Summary
    • Engine Controls - Self-Diagnostics Introduction- EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Introduction
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Diagnostic Formats
        • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
          • Notes
          • KOEO & KOER Self-Tests
          • Continuous Memory Codes
        • Retrieving Codes
        • Reading Codes
          • Notes
          • KOEO & KOER On-Demand Self-Test Codes
          • Pass Codes
          • Continuous Memory Codes
        • Clearing Codes
          • Notes
          • PCM Reset Procedure
          • Keep Alive Random Access Memory Reset Procedure
        • Powertrain Control Module Location
      • Quick Test
        • Notes
        • Visual Check
        • Vehicle Preparation & Equipment Hookup
        • KOEO On-Demand Self-Test
          • Description
          • Performing Self-Test
        • KOER On-Demand Self-Test
          • Description
          • BPP, PSP & TCS Test Procedures
          • Performing Self-Test
        • Continuous Memory Self-Test
          • Description
          • Performing Self-Test
      • Additional System Functions
        • Notes
        • Parameter Identification Mode
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Accessing Generic OBD-II PIDs
          • Accessing Ford Specific PIDs
        • On-Board System Readiness Test Mode
          • Description
          • Accessing OSR Test Mode
        • Freeze Frame Data Mode
          • Description
          • Accessing Freeze Frame Data Mode PIDs
        • Diagnosing Adaptive Fuel DTCS
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Obtain Freeze Frame Data
          • Using LONGFT1 & LONGFT2 (Dual Bank Engines) PIDs
          • Resetting Long Term Fuel Trims
          • P0171/P0174 System Too Lean Diagnostic Aids
          • P0172/P0175 System Too Rich Diagnostic Aids
        • Output Test Mode
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Accessing Output Test Mode
        • Failure Mode Effects Management
        • Hardware Limited Operational Strategy
        • Engine Rpm/Vehicle Speed Limiter
      • Diagnostic Monitors
        • Description
        • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor
          • Description
          • Switch Ratio Method (1996-2002)
          • Index Ratio Method (Some 2001-Later)
          • General Catalyst Monitor Operation
        • Comprehensive Component Monitor
        • Evaporative Emission Leak Check Monitor
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION System Monitor - Differential Pressure Feedback EGR
        • Electric Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION System Monitor
        • Fuel System Monitor
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor Monitor
          • Description
          • Testing
        • Misfire Detection Monitoring
        • Secondary Air Injection System Monitor - Electric Secondary Air Injection Pump System
        • Thermostat Monitor
        • Drive Cycle Procedure
          • Notes
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Description
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Vehicle Preparation
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Procedure
      • Programming Pcm
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Flash Vehicle Identification Block Procedure
      • Fuel System Safety Precautions
        • Gasoline System
          • Notes
          • Safe Fuel Handling Practices (Gasoline, Methanol & Methanol Blends)
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Reset Procedure
        • Natural Gas System
          • Notes
          • Safe Fuel Handling Practices (Natural Gas)
      • Summary
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • How To Use System Tests
      • Evaporative Emissions Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • System Tests (Evaporative Emission)
        • Notes
        • Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Procedure
        • Evaporative Emissions System Leak Test
        • Evaporative Emission Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • Test A: DTC P0442: Small Leak Detected In EVAP System
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental & Focus
          • Crown Victoria, Escape, Escort, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Ranger
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
        • Test B: DTC P0455: Major Leak Or No Flow Detected In EVAP System Or DTC P1443: Very Small Or No Purge Flow Detected In EVAP System
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental
          • Focus
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
        • Test C: DTC P1450: Excessive Vacuum Detected In Fuel Tank
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental
          • Escort
          • Focus
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
    • Engine Controls - System & Component Tests - EEC-V - Gasoline
      • Introduction
        • Notes
        • Engine Cover
          • Removal & Installation
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Intake Air Control
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Solenoid
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Ground Circuits
          • Power Circuits
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Switches
          • Brake Pedal Applied/Brake Pedal Position Switch
          • Clutch Pedal Position Switch
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
          • Park/Neutral Position Or Clutch Pedal Position Switch
          • Power Steering Pressure Switch
          • Reverse Switch
          • Transmission Control Switch
        • Sensors
          • Notes
          • Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature Sensor
          • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor
          • Barometric Pressure Sensor
          • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Oil Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
          • Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature 2 Sensor (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC Only)
          • Knock Sensor
          • Mass Airflow Sensor
          • Output Shaft Speed Sensor
          • Power Steering Pressure Sensor
          • Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
          • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Transfer Case Speed Sensor
          • Vehicle Speed Sensor
      • Relays & Solenoids
        • Relays
          • Notes
          • Cooling Fan Control, Fuel Pump & PCM Power Relay
        • Solenoids
          • Air Injection By-Pass Solenoid
          • Air Injection Diverter Solenoid
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
          • Fuel Rail Solenoid
          • Idle Air Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control Solenoid (Ranger 2.3L Only)
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Solenoid
          • Supercharger (Boost) By-Pass Solenoid
          • Variable Cam Timing Solenoid
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Fuel Pressure Regulator
          • Fuel Pump Relay
          • Fuel System Pressure Check
        • Fuel Control
          • Fuel Injector
      • Idle Control System
        • Idle Air Control Solenoid
      • Ignition Systems
      • Emission Systems & Sub-Systems
        • Catalytic Converter
        • Emissions Compliance
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Routines
        • Fuel Evaporation
          • Notes
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • EVAP Canister (All Models)
          • EVAP Canister Purge Valve
        • Secondary Air Injection
        • EGR Systems
          • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation (Ranger 2.3L Only)
          • Exhaust Gas Recirculation
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation
      • Evaporative Emission System Tests
        • Notes
        • Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Procedure
        • Evaporative Emissions System Leak Test
        • Hissing Sound When Removing Fuel Cap
          • Notes
          • Blackwood, Econoline, Escape, Excursion, Expedition, Explorer, F250-550 Super Duty Pickup, Mountaineer, Navigator, Ranger & Windstar
          • Continental
          • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • Escort, Escort ZX2 & Focus
          • F150 Pickup
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
          • Sable & Taurus
        • Excessive Fuel Odor
          • Notes
          • Blackwood, Econoline, Escape, Expedition, Excursion, Explorer, F250-550 Super Duty Pickup, Mountaineer, Navigator, Ranger & Windstar
          • Continental, Escort, Escort ZX2, Focus, Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis, Sable, Taurus & Town Car
          • F150 Pickup
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
        • Unable To Refuel Vehicle
          • Notes
          • Continental, Crown Victoria, Escape, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • Escort, Escort ZX2, Focus, Ranger, Sable & Taurus (With ORVR Only)
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
          • Windstar
    • Engine Controls - System Tests A Through FB - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test A: No-Start
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test B: EEC-V Power Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test C: Reference Voltage
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DA: Temperature Sensor Test (IAT, ECT & EOT)
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Db: Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dc: Mass Airflow Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dd: Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DF: Vehicle Speed Circuit Check
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dg: Knock Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DH: Throttle Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DJ: Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DL: Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dm: Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DP: Vehicle Speed Sensor/Transfer Case Speed Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DQ: Barometric Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dr: Camshaft Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DS: Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DT: Power Steering Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DU: Intake Air Temperature 2
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test FB: Power Take Off
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - System Tests FD Through KA - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test FD: Brake Pedal Position Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ff: Power Steering Pressure Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test FH: Generator Load Input
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test H: Fuel Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ha: Natural Gas Fuel Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HB: Natural Gas Fuel Delivery System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HC: Gasoline Fuel Delivery System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hd: Misfire Detection Monitor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test He: EGR System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hf: Catalyst Efficiency Monitor & Exhaust Systems
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hg: PCV System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HK: Variable Cam Timing
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HM: Secondary Air Injection System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HU: Air Intake System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HX: Evaporative Emission Monitor & System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HY: Generator/Regulator System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JB: Secondary Ignition
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JD: Crankshaft Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JE: Integrated Ignition Coil Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JF: Integrated Ignition Coil On Plug Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JH: Tachometer Output Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KA: Fuel Pump Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - System Tests Kb Through Z - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test Kb: Fuel Pump Driver Module
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kc: Fuel Shutoff Valve Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KD: Electric Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KE: Idle Air Control Valve
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KF: Fan Control Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kg: VISCTRONIC Drive Fan Clutch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KH: Hydraulic Cooling Fan
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KJ: Supercharger By-Pass Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kl: Shift Indicator Light
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Km: Wot A/C Cut-Off
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KP: Charge Air Cooler Pump
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KQ: Thermostat Heater Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test NB: Malfunction Indicator Light
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test NC: Ignition Engine Speed Input Circuit
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test ND: Engine Rpm/Vehicle Speed Limiter
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QA: Unable To Activate Self-Test/SCP Communication Error/DTC Not Listed
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QB: KOEO DTC P0603, P1605 Or KOEO, KOER & Continuous Memory DTC P1633
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QC: OBD-II Monitor Testing Not Complete; DTC P1000
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QD: DTC P1260
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ta: Park/Neutral Position Or Clutch Pedal Position Switches
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Tb: Transmission Control Switch/Transmission Control Indicator Lamp
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • TEST TG: 4x4 LOW RANGE
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Th: Reverse Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test TJ: Output Shaft Speed Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test X: Constant Control Relay Module
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Z: Intermittent
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - Trouble Shooting - No Codes - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Introduction
      • Symptoms
        • Notes
        • Symptom Diagnosis
        • Rough Or Rolling Idle, Stalls, Misses, Hesitation Or Surge
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Engine Runs Rough At Idle
          • Engine Now Starts, But Stalls In Park Or Neutral
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Natural Gas Vehicles With Rough Idle
          • Idle Concerns With A/C On (Continental, LS, Thunderbird & Windstar)
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
          • Additional Checks
        • Hard Start/Long Crank Or Erratic Start/Crank
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • No-Start/Normal Crank
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Engine Will Now Start & Run Normally At Part Throttle
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Slow Return To Idle
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Fast Idle Or Diesels/Runs On
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Engine Idles Fast
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Low Idle (Stalls On Deceleration)
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Stall Or Quit On Deceleration (A/T Models)
          • Low Idle With A/C On (Econoline 4.6L, 5.4L & 6.8L)
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Backfires
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Lack/Loss Of Power
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Lack/Loss Of Power (Mustang Only)
          • Lack/Loss Of Power (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC Only)
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
          • Additional Checks
        • Spark Knock
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Poor Fuel Economy
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Vehicle Fails Emissions/Emissions Compliance
        • Hissing Sound When Removing Fuel Cap
        • Excessive Fuel Odor
        • Unable To Refuel Vehicle
        • Warning Indicator Lights
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Check
          • Pickups With Power Takeoff (PTO) & MIL Concern
          • MIL Always On When Engine Is Running, No DTCs Are Present
          • TCIL Always On When Engine Is Running, No DTCs Are Present
          • MIL Inoperative (Including Bulb Check When Engine Is First Started)
          • Transmission Control Indicator (TCIL) Inoperative
          • Temperature Warning Indicator Light Or Temperature Gauge Inoperative (Models With CHT Sensor Only)
          • SIL Always On Or Inoperative
          • Fuel Cap Indicator Light Always On Or Inoperative
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Automatic Transmission Down Or Upshift, Or Engagement Concern
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Speedometer Or Tachometer Inoperative
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Tachometer Inoperative On Models With Clean Tach Output (CTO) Only
          • Speedometer/Odometer Inoperative On Models With Manual Shift On-The-Fly (MSOF) Only
          • Additional Checks
        • High Oil Consumption
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Electric, Hydraulic Or VISCTRONIC Cooling Fan Inoperative
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Electric, Hydraulic Or VISCTRONIC Cooling Fan(S) Always On
          • Notes
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Exhaust Smoke
          • Notes
          • Black Smoke (Rich Mixture)
          • Blue Smoke (Burning Oil)
          • White Smoke (Water In Combustion)
        • Fuel Odor
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks
        • Engine Noise
          • Notes
          • Symptom Checks
        • Climate Control (Lack Of A/C Cooling, A/C Always On Or A/C Inoperative)
          • Notes
          • Lack Of A/C Cooling Or A/C Inoperative (Mustang)
          • A/C Always On (Mustang)
          • A/C Does Not Turn Off During WOT (Mustang)
          • A/C System Concerns (All Others)
          • WACF PID Displays YES
        • Exhaust Odor (Sulfur Smell)
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks
  • Testing & Diagnosis
    • Engine Controls - Basic Diagnostic Procedures
      • Introduction
      • Preliminary Inspection & Adjustments
        • Visual Inspection
        • Mechanical Inspection
          • Compression
          • Exhaust System Backpressure
      • Fuel Systems
        • Preliminary Checks
        • Fuel Pressure Release
        • Fuel System Pressure
          • Natural Gas Engines
          • Gasoline Engines
        • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Injector Resistance
          • Fuel Injector Check
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
      • Ignition Checks
        • Preliminary Checks
        • EDIS (DISTRIBUTORLESS) Ignition System
          • Notes
          • Spark Check
        • Ignition Coil Resistance
      • Idle Speed & Ignition Timing
        • Notes
        • Idle Mixture Adjustment
        • Ignition Timing
      • Throttle Position Sensor Adjustment
      • Summary
    • Engine Controls - Self-Diagnostics Introduction- EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Introduction
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Diagnostic Formats
        • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
          • Notes
          • KOEO & KOER Self-Tests
          • Continuous Memory Codes
        • Retrieving Codes
        • Reading Codes
          • Notes
          • KOEO & KOER On-Demand Self-Test Codes
          • Pass Codes
          • Continuous Memory Codes
        • Clearing Codes
          • Notes
          • PCM Reset Procedure
          • Keep Alive Random Access Memory Reset Procedure
        • Powertrain Control Module Location
      • Quick Test
        • Notes
        • Visual Check
        • Vehicle Preparation & Equipment Hookup
        • KOEO On-Demand Self-Test
          • Description
          • Performing Self-Test
        • KOER On-Demand Self-Test
          • Description
          • BPP, PSP & TCS Test Procedures
          • Performing Self-Test
        • Continuous Memory Self-Test
          • Description
          • Performing Self-Test
      • Additional System Functions
        • Notes
        • Parameter Identification Mode
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Accessing Generic OBD-II PIDs
          • Accessing Ford Specific PIDs
        • On-Board System Readiness Test Mode
          • Description
          • Accessing OSR Test Mode
        • Freeze Frame Data Mode
          • Description
          • Accessing Freeze Frame Data Mode PIDs
        • Diagnosing Adaptive Fuel DTCS
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Obtain Freeze Frame Data
          • Using LONGFT1 & LONGFT2 (Dual Bank Engines) PIDs
          • Resetting Long Term Fuel Trims
          • P0171/P0174 System Too Lean Diagnostic Aids
          • P0172/P0175 System Too Rich Diagnostic Aids
        • Output Test Mode
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Accessing Output Test Mode
        • Failure Mode Effects Management
        • Hardware Limited Operational Strategy
        • Engine Rpm/Vehicle Speed Limiter
      • Diagnostic Monitors
        • Description
        • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor
          • Description
          • Switch Ratio Method (1996-2002)
          • Index Ratio Method (Some 2001-Later)
          • General Catalyst Monitor Operation
        • Comprehensive Component Monitor
        • Evaporative Emission Leak Check Monitor
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION System Monitor - Differential Pressure Feedback EGR
        • Electric Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION System Monitor
        • Fuel System Monitor
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor Monitor
          • Description
          • Testing
        • Misfire Detection Monitoring
        • Secondary Air Injection System Monitor - Electric Secondary Air Injection Pump System
        • Thermostat Monitor
        • Drive Cycle Procedure
          • Notes
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Description
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Vehicle Preparation
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Procedure
      • Programming Pcm
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Flash Vehicle Identification Block Procedure
      • Fuel System Safety Precautions
        • Gasoline System
          • Notes
          • Safe Fuel Handling Practices (Gasoline, Methanol & Methanol Blends)
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Reset Procedure
        • Natural Gas System
          • Notes
          • Safe Fuel Handling Practices (Natural Gas)
      • Summary
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • How To Use System Tests
      • Evaporative Emissions Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • System Tests (Evaporative Emission)
        • Notes
        • Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Procedure
        • Evaporative Emissions System Leak Test
        • Evaporative Emission Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • Test A: DTC P0442: Small Leak Detected In EVAP System
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental & Focus
          • Crown Victoria, Escape, Escort, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Ranger
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
        • Test B: DTC P0455: Major Leak Or No Flow Detected In EVAP System Or DTC P1443: Very Small Or No Purge Flow Detected In EVAP System
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental
          • Focus
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
        • Test C: DTC P1450: Excessive Vacuum Detected In Fuel Tank
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental
          • Escort
          • Focus
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
    • Engine Controls - System & Component Tests - EEC-V - Gasoline
      • Introduction
        • Notes
        • Engine Cover
          • Removal & Installation
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Intake Air Control
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Solenoid
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Ground Circuits
          • Power Circuits
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Switches
          • Brake Pedal Applied/Brake Pedal Position Switch
          • Clutch Pedal Position Switch
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
          • Park/Neutral Position Or Clutch Pedal Position Switch
          • Power Steering Pressure Switch
          • Reverse Switch
          • Transmission Control Switch
        • Sensors
          • Notes
          • Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature Sensor
          • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor
          • Barometric Pressure Sensor
          • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Oil Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
          • Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature 2 Sensor (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC Only)
          • Knock Sensor
          • Mass Airflow Sensor
          • Output Shaft Speed Sensor
          • Power Steering Pressure Sensor
          • Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
          • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Transfer Case Speed Sensor
          • Vehicle Speed Sensor
      • Relays & Solenoids
        • Relays
          • Notes
          • Cooling Fan Control, Fuel Pump & PCM Power Relay
        • Solenoids
          • Air Injection By-Pass Solenoid
          • Air Injection Diverter Solenoid
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
          • Fuel Rail Solenoid
          • Idle Air Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control Solenoid (Ranger 2.3L Only)
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Solenoid
          • Supercharger (Boost) By-Pass Solenoid
          • Variable Cam Timing Solenoid
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Fuel Pressure Regulator
          • Fuel Pump Relay
          • Fuel System Pressure Check
        • Fuel Control
          • Fuel Injector
      • Idle Control System
        • Idle Air Control Solenoid
      • Ignition Systems
      • Emission Systems & Sub-Systems
        • Catalytic Converter
        • Emissions Compliance
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Routines
        • Fuel Evaporation
          • Notes
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • EVAP Canister (All Models)
          • EVAP Canister Purge Valve
        • Secondary Air Injection
        • EGR Systems
          • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation (Ranger 2.3L Only)
          • Exhaust Gas Recirculation
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation
      • Evaporative Emission System Tests
        • Notes
        • Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Procedure
        • Evaporative Emissions System Leak Test
        • Hissing Sound When Removing Fuel Cap
          • Notes
          • Blackwood, Econoline, Escape, Excursion, Expedition, Explorer, F250-550 Super Duty Pickup, Mountaineer, Navigator, Ranger & Windstar
          • Continental
          • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • Escort, Escort ZX2 & Focus
          • F150 Pickup
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
          • Sable & Taurus
        • Excessive Fuel Odor
          • Notes
          • Blackwood, Econoline, Escape, Expedition, Excursion, Explorer, F250-550 Super Duty Pickup, Mountaineer, Navigator, Ranger & Windstar
          • Continental, Escort, Escort ZX2, Focus, Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis, Sable, Taurus & Town Car
          • F150 Pickup
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
        • Unable To Refuel Vehicle
          • Notes
          • Continental, Crown Victoria, Escape, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • Escort, Escort ZX2, Focus, Ranger, Sable & Taurus (With ORVR Only)
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
          • Windstar
    • Engine Controls - System Tests A Through FB - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test A: No-Start
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test B: EEC-V Power Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test C: Reference Voltage
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DA: Temperature Sensor Test (IAT, ECT & EOT)
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Db: Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dc: Mass Airflow Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dd: Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DF: Vehicle Speed Circuit Check
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dg: Knock Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DH: Throttle Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DJ: Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DL: Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dm: Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DP: Vehicle Speed Sensor/Transfer Case Speed Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DQ: Barometric Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dr: Camshaft Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DS: Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DT: Power Steering Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DU: Intake Air Temperature 2
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test FB: Power Take Off
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - System Tests FD Through KA - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test FD: Brake Pedal Position Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ff: Power Steering Pressure Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test FH: Generator Load Input
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test H: Fuel Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ha: Natural Gas Fuel Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HB: Natural Gas Fuel Delivery System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HC: Gasoline Fuel Delivery System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hd: Misfire Detection Monitor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test He: EGR System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hf: Catalyst Efficiency Monitor & Exhaust Systems
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hg: PCV System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HK: Variable Cam Timing
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HM: Secondary Air Injection System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HU: Air Intake System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HX: Evaporative Emission Monitor & System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HY: Generator/Regulator System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JB: Secondary Ignition
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JD: Crankshaft Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JE: Integrated Ignition Coil Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JF: Integrated Ignition Coil On Plug Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JH: Tachometer Output Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KA: Fuel Pump Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - System Tests Kb Through Z - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test Kb: Fuel Pump Driver Module
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kc: Fuel Shutoff Valve Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KD: Electric Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KE: Idle Air Control Valve
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KF: Fan Control Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kg: VISCTRONIC Drive Fan Clutch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KH: Hydraulic Cooling Fan
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KJ: Supercharger By-Pass Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kl: Shift Indicator Light
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Km: Wot A/C Cut-Off
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KP: Charge Air Cooler Pump
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KQ: Thermostat Heater Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test NB: Malfunction Indicator Light
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test NC: Ignition Engine Speed Input Circuit
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test ND: Engine Rpm/Vehicle Speed Limiter
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QA: Unable To Activate Self-Test/SCP Communication Error/DTC Not Listed
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QB: KOEO DTC P0603, P1605 Or KOEO, KOER & Continuous Memory DTC P1633
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QC: OBD-II Monitor Testing Not Complete; DTC P1000
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QD: DTC P1260
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ta: Park/Neutral Position Or Clutch Pedal Position Switches
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Tb: Transmission Control Switch/Transmission Control Indicator Lamp
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • TEST TG: 4x4 LOW RANGE
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Th: Reverse Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test TJ: Output Shaft Speed Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test X: Constant Control Relay Module
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Z: Intermittent
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - Trouble Shooting - No Codes - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Introduction
      • Symptoms
        • Notes
        • Symptom Diagnosis
        • Rough Or Rolling Idle, Stalls, Misses, Hesitation Or Surge
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Engine Runs Rough At Idle
          • Engine Now Starts, But Stalls In Park Or Neutral
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Natural Gas Vehicles With Rough Idle
          • Idle Concerns With A/C On (Continental, LS, Thunderbird & Windstar)
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
          • Additional Checks
        • Hard Start/Long Crank Or Erratic Start/Crank
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • No-Start/Normal Crank
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Engine Will Now Start & Run Normally At Part Throttle
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Slow Return To Idle
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Fast Idle Or Diesels/Runs On
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Engine Idles Fast
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Low Idle (Stalls On Deceleration)
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Stall Or Quit On Deceleration (A/T Models)
          • Low Idle With A/C On (Econoline 4.6L, 5.4L & 6.8L)
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Backfires
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Lack/Loss Of Power
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Lack/Loss Of Power (Mustang Only)
          • Lack/Loss Of Power (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC Only)
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
          • Additional Checks
        • Spark Knock
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Poor Fuel Economy
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Vehicle Fails Emissions/Emissions Compliance
        • Hissing Sound When Removing Fuel Cap
        • Excessive Fuel Odor
        • Unable To Refuel Vehicle
        • Warning Indicator Lights
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Check
          • Pickups With Power Takeoff (PTO) & MIL Concern
          • MIL Always On When Engine Is Running, No DTCs Are Present
          • TCIL Always On When Engine Is Running, No DTCs Are Present
          • MIL Inoperative (Including Bulb Check When Engine Is First Started)
          • Transmission Control Indicator (TCIL) Inoperative
          • Temperature Warning Indicator Light Or Temperature Gauge Inoperative (Models With CHT Sensor Only)
          • SIL Always On Or Inoperative
          • Fuel Cap Indicator Light Always On Or Inoperative
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Automatic Transmission Down Or Upshift, Or Engagement Concern
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Speedometer Or Tachometer Inoperative
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Tachometer Inoperative On Models With Clean Tach Output (CTO) Only
          • Speedometer/Odometer Inoperative On Models With Manual Shift On-The-Fly (MSOF) Only
          • Additional Checks
        • High Oil Consumption
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Electric, Hydraulic Or VISCTRONIC Cooling Fan Inoperative
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Electric, Hydraulic Or VISCTRONIC Cooling Fan(S) Always On
          • Notes
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Exhaust Smoke
          • Notes
          • Black Smoke (Rich Mixture)
          • Blue Smoke (Burning Oil)
          • White Smoke (Water In Combustion)
        • Fuel Odor
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks
        • Engine Noise
          • Notes
          • Symptom Checks
        • Climate Control (Lack Of A/C Cooling, A/C Always On Or A/C Inoperative)
          • Notes
          • Lack Of A/C Cooling Or A/C Inoperative (Mustang)
          • A/C Always On (Mustang)
          • A/C Does Not Turn Off During WOT (Mustang)
          • A/C System Concerns (All Others)
          • WACF PID Displays YES
        • Exhaust Odor (Sulfur Smell)
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks
  • Theory and Operation
    • Engine Controls - Theory & Operation - Gasoline & NGV
      • Introduction
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Idle Control System
          • Idle Air Control Valve Assembly
        • Supercharger (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC)
          • Supercharger Assembly
          • Supercharger By-Pass System
          • Supercharger Intercooler (Charge Air Cooler) System
        • Variable Induction System
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control - 2.0L (VIN P), 2.5L (VIN L), Windstar 3.8L (VIN 4), & 4.2L (VIN 2)
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control Vacuum Actuated System - 2.3L (VIN D)
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve - 3.0L (VIN S), Econoline & Pickup 4.6L (VIN W), & 5.4L 4V (VIN A)
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Notes
          • Hardware Limited Operation Strategy
          • Integrated Electronic Ignition System
          • Keep Alive Random Access Memory
        • Power & Ground Signals
          • Vehicle Buffered Power
          • Vehicle Power
          • Vehicle Reference Voltage
          • Mass Air Flow Return
          • Signal Return
          • Power Ground
          • Gold Plated Terminals
        • Powertrain Control Module Software
          • Engine RPM/Vehicle Speed Limiter
          • Fail-Safe Cooling Strategy
          • Failure Mode Effects Management
          • Flash Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
          • Fuel Trim
          • Idle Air Trim
          • Idle Speed Control Closed Throttle Determination
          • Multiplexing
          • Standard Corporate Protocol
        • Diagnostic Monitors
          • Notes
          • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor Description
          • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor - Switch Ratio Method (1996-2002)
          • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor - Index Ratio Method (Some 2001-Later)
          • General Catalyst Monitor Operation
          • Comprehensive Component Monitor
          • Evaporative Emission Leak Check Monitor
          • Exhaust Gas Recirculation System Monitor - Differential Pressure Feedback EGR
          • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation System Monitor
          • Fuel System Monitor
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor Monitor
          • Misfire Detection Monitoring
          • Secondary Air Injection System Monitor - Electric Secondary Air Injection Pump System
          • Thermostat Monitor
        • Constant Control Relay Module
        • Fuel Pump Driver Module
        • Generic Electronic Module
        • Natural Gas Vehicle Module
        • Input Devices
          • Notes
          • A/C Cycling Switch
          • A/C Pressure Sensor
          • Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature Sensor
          • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor
          • A/C High Pressure Switch
          • Brake Pressure Applied/Brake Deactivator Switch
          • Brake Pedal Position Switch
          • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Clutch Pedal Position Switch
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
          • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Oil Temperature Sensor
          • Fan Speed Sensor
          • Fuel Level Input
          • Fuel Pump Monitor (With Fuel Pump Driver Module)
          • Fuel Pump Monitor (Without Fuel Pump Driver Module)
          • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor
          • Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
          • Generator Load
          • Generator Monitor
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature Sensor
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve
          • Knock Sensor
          • Mass Airflow Sensor
          • Output Shaft Speed Sensor
          • Power Steering Pressure Sensor
          • Power Steering Pressure Switch
          • Power Take-Off Switch
          • Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
          • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Transmission Control Switch
          • Vehicle Speed Sensor
          • 4x4 Mode Switch
        • Output Devices
          • Notes
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • Coil Pack
          • Coil On Plug
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
          • Electric Secondary Air Injection Pump
          • Evaporative Emission Canister Purge Valve
          • Fan Control
          • Fuel Cap Off Indicator Light
          • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Pump (Applications Using Fuel Pump Relay For Fuel Pump ON/OFF Control)
          • Fuel Pump Driver Module Applications & Applications With Fuel Pump Functions Incorporated In Rear Electronic Module)
          • Generator Communication
          • Hydraulic Cooling Fan Drive (LS & Thunderbird Only)
          • Idle Air Control Valve
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve
          • Malfunction Indicator Light
          • Secondary Air Injection By-Pass Solenoid
          • Solid State Relay
          • Thermostat Heater Control
          • Transmission Control Indicator Light
          • Wide Open Throttle A/C Cut-Off Relay
          • Vapor Management Valve
          • Vehicle Speed Output
          • Visctronic Drive Fan Clutch
      • Fuel Systems (Gasoline)
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Notes
          • Returnable Fuel System
          • Mechanical Returnless Fuel System
          • Electronic Returnless Fuel System
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch (All Fuel Systems)
        • Fuel Control
          • Notes
          • Fuel Injectors
      • Fuel System (Natural Gas)
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Notes
          • Fueling Connector
          • Fuel Lines & Fittings
          • Fuel Rail
          • Fuel Rail Shutoff Valve
          • Fuel Tank Shutoff Valve
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
          • NG Fuel Pressure Regulator
        • Fuel Control
          • Natural Gas Vehicle Module
          • NG Fuel Injectors
      • Ignition Systems
        • Integrated Electronic Ignition System
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Coil Pack System
          • Coil On Plug System
      • Variable Cam Timing System
        • Variable Cam Timing
          • Description
          • Variable Cam Timing Solenoid Valve
          • Variable Cam Timing Unit Assembly
      • Catalyst & Exhaust Systems
        • Catalyst System
          • Notes
          • Catalytic Converter
          • Light Off Catalyst
          • 3-Way Catalytic Converter
          • 3-Way Catalyst Conversion Efficiency
        • Exhaust System
          • Notes
          • Hardware
          • Exhaust Manifold & Runners
          • Exhaust Pipes
          • Upstream & Downstream Heated Oxygen Sensors
          • Muffler
      • Evaporative Emission Systems
        • Fuel Evaporative Systems
        • Enhanced Evaporative Emission System
          • Notes
          • EVAP Canister Purge Valve
        • On-Board Refueling Vapor Recovery EVAP System
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation
      • Secondary Air Injection System
        • Description
        • Electric Secondary Air Injection System
          • Notes
          • AIR By-Pass Solenoid
          • AIR Diverter Valve
          • Electric AIR Pump
      • EGR Systems
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR System
          • Notes
          • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor (Remote Mounted)
          • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor (Tube Mounted)
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
          • EGR Valve
          • Orifice Tube Assembly
        • Electric EGR Motor System
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Notes
        • Malfunction Indicator Light
      • Miscellaneous Controls
        • Pcm Controlled Charging System
          • Description
          • Generator Communication
          • Generator Load
          • Generator Monitor
  • Vacuum Diagrams - Cars
    • Introduction
      • Notes
      • Pcm Calibrations
      • Protocol 3 Code Descriptions
    • Vacuum Hose Diagram(S)
      • Continental
      • Cougar
      • Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis
      • Escort & Escort ZX2
      • Focus
      • LS
      • Mustang
      • Sable & TAURUS
      • THUNDERBIRD
      • Town Car
  • Engine Performance - Wiring Diagrams
    • Wiring Diagrams
      • BLACKWOOD
      • Continental
      • Cougar
      • Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis
      • ECONOLINE
      • Escape
      • Escort
      • Escort ZX2
      • Excursion & Pickup (F250/F550)
      • Expedition & Navigator
      • Explorer & Mountaineer
      • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC
      • Focus
      • LS
      • Mustang
      • Pickup (F150)
      • Ranger
      • Sable & TAURUS
      • THUNDERBIRD
      • Town Car
      • Villager
      • WINDSTAR
• General Information
  • Abbreviations
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
  • Basic Trouble Shooting
    • Basic Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Accessories & Electrical
        • Charging System Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
      • Air Conditioning & Heat
        • Air Conditioning Trouble Shooting
        • Heater System Trouble Shooting
      • Brakes
        • Brake System Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Mechanical
        • Cooling System Trouble Shooting
        • Gasoline Engine - Mechanical Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Performance
        • Carburetor Trouble Shooting:
        • Diesel Engine Trouble Shooting
        • Fuel Injection Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
        • Tune-Up Trouble Shooting - Gas Engine Vehicles
        • Vacuum Pump - Diesel Trouble Shooting
      • Manual Transmission
        • Manual Transmission Trouble Shooting
      • Powertrain
        • Clutch Trouble Shooting
        • Drive Axle - Noise Diagnosis
          • Unrelated Noises
          • Non-Drive Axle Noises
          • Gear Noise
          • Chuckle
          • Knock
          • Clunk
          • Bearing Whine
          • Bearing Rumble
          • Chatter On Turns
          • Axle Shaft Noise
          • Vibration
        • Drive Axle - RWD Trouble Shooting
        • Fwd Axle Shafts & CV Joints Trouble Shooting
      • Steering & Suspension
        • Manual Steering Gear Trouble Shooting
        • Power Steering Trouble Shooting
        • Steering Column Trouble Shooting
        • Suspension Trouble Shooting
        • Wheel Alignment Trouble Shooting
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Engine Performance - Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Engine Performance
  • Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions
    • Map - Brake Systems
      • Brake Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accelerometers
        • Accumulators
        • Anchor Pins
        • Anti-Lock Brake Control Assembly(Module)
        • Anti-Lock Brake Controller
        • Anti-Lock Brake Systems
        • Axle Seal
        • Backing Plates
        • Bleeder Screw
        • Brake Abs Active Light (Blue)
        • Brake Fluid
        • Brake Friction Material
        • Brake On - Off Switch
        • Brake Pads
        • Brake Pedals
        • Brake Shoe Hardware
        • Brake Shoes
        • Brake Stoplight Switches
        • Brake Warning Light (Amber)
        • Brake Warning Light (Red)
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs And LEDS
        • Caliper Hardware
        • Caliper Mounting Pin
        • Caliper Piston
        • Caliper Shim
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt) Dust Boot
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt)
        • Calipers
        • Combination Valve
        • Controllers
        • Digital Ratio Axle Controllers And Buffers (Drab And Dram)
        • Disable Switches
        • Drums
        • Electrical Brake Pumps
        • Electrical Park Motor
        • Electrical Pumps And Motors
        • Electro-Magnetic Interference
        • Electronic Brake Control Modulator
        • Electronic Brake Distribution
        • Electronic Brake Traction Control Module
        • Electronic Controllers
        • Electronic Traction Control
        • External Brake Cable
        • Flow Control Valve
        • Fluid Level Sensor Switches
        • Fluid
        • Four Wheel Drive Switches
        • Friction Material
        • G Sensors
        • Gaskets
        • Gravitational Switches
        • Grease Seal
        • Height Sensing Proportioning Valve
        • High Pressure Accumulator
        • Hoses
        • Hub
        • Hydraulic Control Unit
        • Hydraulic Modulators
        • Hydro-Boosters
        • Hydro-Electric Boosters (POWERMASTER)
        • Ignition Disable Switches
        • Lamp Driver Relay
        • Lateral Acceleration Switches
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Low Pressure Accumulator
        • Lug Nut
        • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
        • Master Cylinders
        • Modulators
        • Motor Pack
        • Motors
        • Pads
        • Parking Brake Cable
        • Parking Brake Mechanism
        • Parking Brake Shoes
        • Parking Brake Switches
        • Parking Brake Systems
        • Pedal Travel Switches
        • Pedals
        • Power Distribution Center
        • POWERMASTER
        • Pressure Differential Switches
        • Pressure Switches
        • Pressure Transducers
        • Proportioning Valve
        • Pumps
        • Relays
        • RELUCTOR (Speed) Ring
        • Rotors
        • Self-Adjusting Systems
        • Shoe Hardware
        • Shoes
        • Sockets
        • Speed Sensor (RELUCTOR) Ring
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Star Wheel
        • Steel Brake Lines
        • Stoplight Switches
        • Stroke Sensor
        • Switches
        • Tires
        • Tone Ring
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Traction Control System (TCS)
        • Transfer Tubes
        • Vacuum Boosters
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Valves
        • Wear Indicator
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheel Cylinders
        • Wiring Harnesses
        • Yaw Rate Sensor
      • Brake System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Map - Routine Inspection Reference Guide
      • Routine Inspection Reference Guide
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Maintenance Overview
          • Antifreeze/Coolant
          • Visual Inspection
          • Radiator Cap Test
          • Engine Fan
          • Cooling System Power Flush And Refill
          • Belts (Except Timing Belts)
          • Belt TENSIONER
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid Exchange & Filter Replacement
          • Engine Oil
          • Air Filters
          • Cabin Air Filter
          • Brake Fluid
          • Battery
          • Battery Cables
          • Power Steering
          • Power Steering Fluid
          • Wiper Blades
        • Routine Inspection CHECKSHEET
        • Routine Inspection - UICS
          • Brake Systems
            • Notes
            • Brake Fluid
            • Bulbs And LEDS
            • Hoses
            • Lenses
            • Lug Nut
            • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
            • Parking Brake Cable
            • Vacuum Hoses
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
          • Drivetrain And Transmission
            • Notes
            • Automatic Transmission Fluid
            • Clutch Master Cylinders
            • Cooler Lines
            • Coolers
            • Differential Fluid
            • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Filters And Screens
            • Fluids And Lubricants
            • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
            • Hydraulic Fluid
            • Lubricants
            • Manual Transmission Fluid
            • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
            • Transfer Case Fluid
            • Vacuum Hoses
          • Electrical Systems
            • Batteries
            • Battery Cables
            • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
            • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
            • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
            • Ground Cables And Straps
            • Ground Straps
            • Lenses
            • Sealed Beams
            • Washer Pumps
            • Wiper Arms And Blades
            • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
            • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
          • Engine Performance And Maintenance
            • Notes
            • Accessory Belts
            • Air Filter Elements
            • Air Filter Gaskets
            • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
            • Air Pump Belts
            • Batteries
            • Battery Connectors
            • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
            • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
            • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
            • Coolant Recovery Tanks
            • Coolant
            • Distributor Caps
            • Distributor Rotors
            • Engine Cooling Systems
            • Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
            • Engine Oil
            • Fuel Filters
            • Fuel Injector Cleaning
            • Fuel Injectors
            • Fuel System Cleaning Service
            • Hose Clamps
            • Hose Connectors
            • Hose Couplers
            • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
            • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
            • Intake Cleaning
            • O2 Sensors
            • PCV Breather Elements
            • PCV Valves
            • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
            • Spark Plugs
            • Thermostats And Housings
            • Throttle Body Cleaning
            • Timing Belts
            • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
          • Exhaust Systems
            • Notes
            • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
          • Heating, Ventilation And Air Conditioning Systems
            • Notes
            • Belts
            • Cabin Air Filters
            • Coolant
            • Evaporator Drain Tubes
            • Evaporator Filters
            • In-Line Filters
            • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
          • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
            • Notes
            • Hydraulic Hoses
            • Power Steering Belts
            • Power Steering Fluid
            • Power Steering Hoses
            • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
            • Strut Rods
            • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
            • Tire Pressure Sensors
            • Tires
            • Valve Stems
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
      • Wheel & Tire Supplement
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
        • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
        • Wheel & Tire - UICS
          • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
          • Tire Pressure Sensors
          • Tires
          • Wheel Alignment
          • Wheel Attachment Hardware
          • Wheels (Rims)
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Check Lists
    • Symptom Check List Worksheet - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose
        • Notes
        • Why Use the Symptom Check List Worksheets?
        • Making the Worksheets a Part of Your Normal Routine
      • Symptom Check List Worksheets
        • Condensed Version - All On One Page
        • Full Version - All On Four Pages
        • Individual System-Based Check Lists
  • Computer Relearn Procedures
    • Introduction
      • Body Controls
      • Engine Controls
    • CHRYSLER Corp.
      • A/C Calibration (Caravan, Town & Country, & Voyager)
        • Description
        • Procedure
      • A/C Calibration (CONCORDE, Intrepid & 300M)
      • Body Control Module (CONCORDE, Intrepid, SEBRING Convertible, SEBRING Sedan, Stratus Sedan & 300M)
      • Drive Learn Procedure (DAKOTA - 4.7L, DURANGO - 4.7L & Ram Pickup 1500 - 4.7L)
        • Notes
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1st Neutral To Drive Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Drive Garage Shift
        • Procedure To Learn The 1st 2-3 Shift After A Restart Or Shift To Reverse
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 2-3 & 3-4 Upshift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-3 Coastdown & Part Throttle 4-3 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1-2 Upshift & 3-2 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Manual 2-1 Pulldown Shift As Well As A Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-5 Upshift for 545RFE
      • Engine Control Module Programming (Diesel)
      • Immobilizer System (SEBRING Coupe & Stratus Coupe)
        • Notes
        • Encrypted Code Registration
        • Key ID Registration
      • Instrument Cluster (Ram Van & Ram Wagon)
      • Pinion Factor Procedure
        • Except Concorde, Durango - With NGC, Intrepid & 300M
        • Concorde, Durango - With NGC, Intrepid & 300M
      • Power Liftgate Learn Cycle (Caravan & Town & Country)
        • Description
        • Procedure
      • Power Sliding Door Learn Cycle (Caravan & Town & Country)
        • Description
        • Procedure
      • Powertrain Control Module Programming (Except Ram Pickup 2500 & 3500 - Gasoline, Ram Van & Ram Wagon)
      • Powertrain Control Module Programming (Ram Pickup 2500 & 3500 - Gasoline, Ram Van & Ram Wagon)
      • Sentry Key Immobilizer Module Programming
      • Programming Ignition Keys To Sentry Key Immobilizer Module
        • Using Scan Tool
        • Programming Ignition Keys Using Customer Learn Method
      • Torque Converter Clutch Break-In Procedure (CONCORDE, Intrepid & 300M)
        • Description
        • Break-In Procedure
      • Transmission Shift Quality Quick Learn Procedure (DAKOTA - 4.7L, DURANGO - 4.7L & Ram Pickup 1500 - 4.7L)
      • Transaxle Shift Quality Quick Learn Procedure
      • Vehicle DRIVEABILITY Computer Relearn Procedure
    • Ford Motor Co.
      • Notes
      • Control Module Programming
        • Notes
        • Programmable Module Installation Procedure
        • Steering Column Lock Actuator Module Parameter Reset (LS - Manual Transmission Only)
      • Customer Preferences
      • Instrument Cluster Programming
        • Notes
        • Instrument Cluster Programming Procedure "A"
        • Instrument Cluster Programming Procedure "B"
        • Security Access Procedure
      • Power Sliding Door Initialization (WINDSTAR Only)
      • Programming Powertrain Control Module (All Models)
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Flash Vehicle Identification (VID) Block Procedure
      • Rear Ride Height Initializing Procedure (BLACKWOOD Only)
        • Calibration Procedure
    • General Motors (Cars)
      • Notes
      • Crankshaft Position Sensor System Variation Learn Procedure
        • Alero, Aurora - 4.0L, Bonneville, Cavalier - 2.2L, Century, Corvette, Deville, Eldorado, Grand Am, Grand Prix, Impala, LeSabre, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Park Avenue, Regal, Seville & Sunfire - 2.2L
        • Camaro & Firebird - 3.8L
        • Camaro & Firebird - 5.7L
        • Cavalier & Sunfire - 2.4L
        • Intrigue - 3.5L
        • Saturn - 1.9L
        • Saturn - 2.2L
      • Engine Control Module
        • Saturn - 3.0L
      • Idle Air Control Valve Learn Procedure
        • Deville, Eldorado & Seville
      • Powertrain Control Module
        • Alero - 2.2L, Cavalier, Grand Am - 2.2L, Saturn - 1.9L & Sunfire
        • Remote Programming (Alero - 3.4L, Aurora, Bonneville, Camaro, Century, Deville, Eldorado, Firebird, Grand Am, Grand Prix, Impala, Intrigue, LeSabre, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Park Avenue, Regal & Seville)
        • Off-Board Programming (Alero - 3.4L, Aurora, Bonneville, Camaro, Century, Deville, Eldorado, Firebird, Grand Am, Grand Prix, Impala, Intrigue, LeSabre, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Park Avenue, Regal & Seville)
        • Remote Programming (Corvette)
        • Off-Board Programming (Corvette)
      • Theft Deterrent System Components
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Alero, Cavalier, Century, Corvette, Grand Am, Impala, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Regal & Sunfire)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Alero, Cavalier, Century, Corvette, Grand Am, Impala, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Regal & Sunfire)
        • Set Up A New Theft Deterrent Control Module (Aurora, Bonneville, Deville, Eldorado, Intrigue, LeSabre, Park Avenue & Seville)
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Aurora, Bonneville, Deville, Eldorado, Intrigue, LeSabre, Park Avenue & Seville)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Aurora, Bonneville, Deville, Eldorado, Intrigue, LeSabre, Park Avenue & Seville)
        • Passlock™ Anti-Theft Seed & Key Method (Saturn - 1.9L)
        • Passlock™ Anti-Theft Auto Learn Method (Saturn - 1.9L)
        • Auto Learn Method (Saturn - 2.2L & 3.0L)
        • Saturn Service Stall Method (Saturn - 2.2L & 3.0L)
      • Throttle Body Relearn Procedure
        • Saturn - 3.0L
      • Throttle Position Sensor Learn Procedure
        • Deville, Eldorado & Seville
    • General Motors (Trucks & Vans)
      • Notes
      • Crankshaft Position Sensor System Variation Learn Procedure
        • Avalanche, Astro, Aztek, Blazer, Bravada, Cab & Chassis - 8.1L, Chevy Express - 4.3L, 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, Montana, Rendezvous, RV Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, S10 Pickup, Safari, Savana - 4.3L, 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Camper Special -5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Sierra - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Silhouette, Silverado - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Sonoma, Suburban, Tahoe, Trailblazer, Venture, Yukon & Yukon XL
        • Vue - 2.2L
      • Engine Control Module Programming
        • Remote Programming (Sierra & Silverado - 6.6L)
        • Off-Board Programming (Sierra & Silverado - 6.6L)
        • Vue - 2.2L
        • Vue - 3.0L
      • Fuel Injection Pump Top Dead Center Offset Adjustment
        • Learning A TDC Offset (Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L)
      • Glow Plug System Relearn Procedure
        • Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L
      • Powertrain Control Module
        • Remote Programming (Avalanche, Astro, Aztek, Blazer, Bravada, Cab & Chassis - 8.1L, Chevy Express - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, Montana, Rendezvous, RV Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, S10 Pickup - 4.3L, Safari, Savana - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Camper Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Sierra - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Silhouette, Silverado - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Sonoma - 4.3L, Suburban, Tahoe, Trailblazer, Venture, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • Off-Board Programming (Avalanche, Astro, Aztek, Blazer, Bravada, Cab & Chassis - 8.1L, Chevy Express - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, Montana, Rendezvous, RV Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, S10 Pickup - 4.3L, Safari, Savana - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Camper Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Sierra - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Silhouette, Silverado - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Sonoma - 4.3L, Suburban, Tahoe, Trailblazer, Venture, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • PCM Programming (Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L)
        • Programming TDC Offset (Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L)
        • PCM Programming (S10 Pickup - 2.2L, Sonoma - 2.2L & Tracker)
      • Theft Deterrent System Components
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Avalanche, Astro, Blazer, Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, RV Cutaway, S10 Pickup, Safari, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special, Sierra, Silverado, Sonoma, Suburban, Tahoe, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Avalanche, Astro, Blazer, Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, RV Cutaway, S10 Pickup, Safari, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special, Sierra, Silverado, Sonoma, Suburban, Tahoe, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • Set Up a New Theft Deterrent Control Module (Aztek, Montana, Rendezvous, Silhouette & Venture)
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Aztek, Montana, Rendezvous, Silhouette & Venture)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Aztek, Montana, Rendezvous, Silhouette & Venture)
        • 10 Minute Learn Procedure With Standard Key (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • 30 Minute Learn Procedure With Standard Key (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • Procedure To Set Up New Theft Deterrent Control Module With Transponder Key (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • 10 Minute Re-Learn Procedure (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • Auto Learn Method (Vue)
        • Saturn Service Stall Method (Vue)
      • Throttle Body Relearn Procedure
        • Vue - 3.0L
    • Jeep
      • Drive Learn Procedure (Grand CHEROKEE & Liberty)
        • Notes
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1st Neutral To Drive Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Drive Garage Shift
        • Procedure To Learn The 1st 2-3 Shift After A Restart Or Shift To Reverse
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 2-3 & 3-4 Upshift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-3 Coastdown & Part Throttle 4-3 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1-2 Upshift & 3-2 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Manual 2-1 Pulldown Shift As Well As A Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-5 Upshift for 545RFE
      • Powertrain Control Module Programming
        • Notes
        • Updating Secret Key Data
      • Sentry Key Immobilizer Module Programming
      • Programming Ignition Keys To Sentry Key Immobilizer Module
        • Using Scan Tool
        • Using Customer Learn Method
      • Shift Quality Quick-Learn Procedure (Grand CHEROKEE & Liberty)
        • Overview
        • Quick-Learn Procedure
  • OBD-II Drive Cycles
    • 1996-99 Gasoline Models (Except Villager)
      • Introduction
      • Vehicle Preparation for OBD-II or Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle
      • Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycles
    • 1996 Villager
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle Test Procedure
      • Misfire Detection Repair Verification Drive Cycle
    • 1997-99 Villager
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle
    • 2000-04 Gasoline Models
      • Introduction
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
      • Drive Cycle Procedures
    • 2005-09 Gasoline Models
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
        • Notes
        • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2010-12 Gasoline Models (Except Fiesta)
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2011-12 Fiesta
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2003-07 6.0L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure:
    • 2008-10 6.4L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure:
    • 2011-12 6.7L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure
    • 1996-03 7.3L Diesel
      • Description
      • Performing Drive Cycle
    • 2005-09 Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2005-12 Escape Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle
    • 2011-12 Fusion Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
  • Driveline/Axles
    • Drive Axle Noise Diagnosis - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Unrelated Noises
      • Non-Drive Axle Noises
      • Gear Noise
      • Chuckle
      • Knock
      • Clunk
      • Bearing Whine
      • Bearing Rumble
      • Chatter On Turns
      • Axle Shaft Noise
      • Vibration
    • Gear Tooth Contact Patterns - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Inspection
        • Notes
        • Gear Tooth Contact Pattern
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Gear Backlash & Pinion Shim Changes
    • Map - Drive Train & Transmission
      • Drive Train & Transmission Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Drivetrain And Transmission
        • Notes
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Automatic Transmission / Transaxle Assemblies/CVTS
        • Automatic Transmission Fluid
        • Axles
        • Bearings And Races
        • Bell Cranks
        • Bell Housings
        • Bushings (External)
        • Cables (Speedometer)
        • Cables (TV, Detent And Shift)
        • Carrier Bearings
        • Clutch Cables And Cable Housings
        • Clutch Discs (Manual Transmissions)
        • Clutch Forks
        • Clutch Linkages (Mechanical)
        • Clutch Master Cylinders
        • Clutch Pedals
        • Clutch Pivots
        • Clutch Pressure Plates
        • Clutch Release Bearings
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Concentric)
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Conventional Or External)
        • Companion Flanges
        • Connectors
        • Cooler Bypass Valves
        • Cooler Lines
        • Coolers
        • CV Joints
        • Differential And Final Drive Assemblies
        • Differential Fluid
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks (Fluid Level Indicators)
        • Dowel Pins, Guides And Pilot Holes
        • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Drive Shaft Flanges
        • Drive Shafts And Half Shafts
        • Dust Boots
        • Engine Mounts
        • Exciter Rings
        • Filler Tubes
        • Filters And Screens
        • Flanges
        • Flex Plates
        • Fluid Level Indicators
        • Fluids And Lubricants
        • Flywheels
        • Force Motors
        • Gaskets
        • Guides
        • Half Shafts
        • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
        • Housings (Bell, Case, Tail(Extension) And Auxiliary)
        • Hydraulic Fluid
        • Intermediate Shaft Support Bearings
        • Key Interlock Systems
        • Limited Slips
        • Lines
        • Linkages (External)
        • Locking Hub Assemblies
        • Locking Hub Control Knobs
        • Lubricants
        • Manual Transmission Fluid
        • Manual Transmission/Transaxle Assemblies
        • Metal Clad Seals
        • METALASTIC Joints
        • Modulator Pins
        • Modulators
        • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
        • Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Oil Pans
        • Pans
        • Pilot Holes
        • Pressure Plates
        • Pressure Switches
        • Races
        • Rubber Joints (METALASTIC)
        • Screens
        • Seals (Metal Clad)
        • Seals
        • Selector Interlock Systems
        • Sensors
        • Servos
        • Shift Interlock Systems (Selector And Key Interlock Systems)
        • Side Covers
        • Slip Yokes
        • Solenoids
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Speedometer- Driven Gear Housing
        • Speedometer/Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Speedometer/Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Speedometers/Odometers (Electronic)
        • Switches
        • Tone Wheels
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Torque Converters
        • Transaxle Mounts
        • Transducers (Transmission)
        • Transfer Case Assemblies
        • Transfer Case Fluid
        • Transmission Coolers
        • Transmission Mounts
        • Transmission Pans
        • Transmission Range Indicators (PRNDL)
        • Tubes
        • Universal Joints (CARDAN Or Cross Type)
        • Vacuum Controls
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Vacuum Motors
        • Vacuum-Operated Switches
        • Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Vents
        • Vibration Dampers
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Speed Sensors
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
        • Yokes And Slip Yokes
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Trouble Shooting - Clutches - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • All Models
  • DTC Index
    • A/C-Heater Systems DTCS
    • Air Bag Restraint Systems DTCS
    • Anti-Lock Brakes DTCS
    • Anti-Theft Systems (Active) DTCS
    • Anti-Theft Systems (Passive) DTCS
    • AUTOLAMP Systems DTCS
    • Automatic Transmission Electronic Controls Diagnosis (Ax4S) DTCS
    • Automatic Transmission Electronic Controls Diagnosis (4F50N) DTCS
    • Electric Cooling Fans DTCS
    • Evaporative Emissions DTCS
    • Instrument Panels DTCS
    • Power Door Locks & Remote Keyless Entry Systems DTCS
    • Power Windows DTCS
    • Rear Window Defoggers DTCS
    • Self-Diagnostics DTCS
    • Steering Column Switches DTCS
    • Wiper/Washer Systems DTCS
  • Electrical
    • Map - Electrical Systems
      • Electrical Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Actuator Motors (Electric)
        • Actuator Motors (Vacuum)
        • Air Bags
        • Alternators And Generators
        • Amplifiers
        • Antennas
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Cables
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belts
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
        • Cd Players
        • Cigarette Lighter Assemblies
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Clutch Switches
        • Connectors
        • Control Modules
        • Cruise Control Brake Switches
        • Cruise Control Cables
        • Cruise Control Clutch Switches
        • Cruise Control Linkages And Cables
        • Cruise Control Reservoirs
        • Cruise Control Tubes
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Dump Release Valves
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And
        • Cruise Control Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Defoggers
        • Defrosters
        • Delays
        • Dimmers
        • Electric Heaters
        • Equalizers
        • Fuse Blocks
        • Fuse Boxes And Blocks
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gauges
        • Generators
        • Ground Cables And Straps
        • Ground Straps
        • Headlight Adjusters
        • Heating Elements (Defrosters, Defoggers, Electric Heaters And Seats)
        • Horns And Sirens
        • Ignition Switches
        • Indicator Lights
        • Keyless Entry Keypads And Transmitters
        • Keyless Entry Transmitters
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Microphones
        • Mirrors (ELECTROCHROMATIC And Heated)
        • Motors
        • Neutral Safety Switches
        • Odometers, Speedometers And Tachometers (Cable Driven)
        • Odometers
        • Power Distribution Center
        • Pulleys
        • Receivers, Amplifiers, Equalizers And Sub-Woofer Volume Controls
        • Relay Boxes
        • Relays
        • Sealed Beams
        • Seat Heaters
        • Security Alarm Sensors
        • Sirens
        • Solenoids
        • Speakers And Microphones
        • Speedometer And Tachometer Linkages And Cables
        • Speedometer Cables
        • Speedometers
        • Starters
        • Sub-Woofer Volume Control
        • Switches
        • Tachometer Cables
        • Tachometers
        • Tape Players And Cd Players
        • TENSIONERS
        • Timers
        • Transceivers
        • Transducers
        • Vacuum Accumulators (Reservoirs)
        • Voltage Regulators
        • Washer Fluid Level Senders
        • Washer Pumps
        • Wiper Arms And Blades
        • Wiper Blades
        • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
        • Wiper Linkages
        • Wiper Nozzles
        • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Battery, Starting & Charging System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
  • Engine
    • Engine Overhaul Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Engine Identification
      • Inspection Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Magnetic Particle Inspection
          • Notes
          • Magnaflux & Magnaglo
        • Penetrant Inspection
          • Notes
          • Zyglo
          • Dye Check
        • Ultrasonic Inspection
        • X-Ray Inspection
        • Pressure Testing
      • Cleaning Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Bead Blasting
        • Chemical Cleaning
      • Component Cleaning
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Sheet Metal Parts
        • Intake & Exhaust Manifolds
      • Cylinder Head Replacement
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Installation
        • Valve Adjustment
      • Cylinder Head Overhaul
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cylinder Head Disassembly
        • Cylinder Head Cleaning & Inspection
        • Valve Springs
        • Valve Guide
          • Notes
          • Measuring Valve Guide Clearance
          • Reaming Valve Guide
          • Replacing Valve Guide
        • Valves & Valve Seats
          • Notes
          • Valve Grinding
          • Valve Lapping
          • Valve Seat Grinding
          • Valve Seat Replacement
          • Valve Seat Concentricity
        • Cylinder Head Reassembly
          • Notes
          • Valve Stem Installed Height
        • Valve Stem Oil Seals
          • Notes
          • Replacement (On-Vehicle)
        • Valve Spring Installed Height
        • Rocker Arms & Assemblies
          • Notes
          • Rocker Studs
          • Rocker Arms & Shafts
        • Push Rods
        • Lifters
          • Notes
          • Hydraulic Lifters
          • Mechanical Lifters
      • Pistons, Connecting Rods & Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Ridge Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Cleaning
          • Inspection
        • Piston & Cylinder Bore Fit
        • Assembling Piston & Connecting Rod
        • Checking Piston Ring Clearances
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Installation
        • Connecting Rod Side Clearance
        • Main & Connecting Rod Bearing Clearance
          • Notes
          • Plastigage Method
          • Micrometer & Telescopic Gauge Method
      • Crankshaft & Main Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Installation
        • Crankshaft End Play
          • Notes
          • Dial Indicator Method
          • Feeler Gauge Method
        • Cylinder Block
          • Notes
          • Block Cleaning
          • Block Inspection
          • Cylinder Bore Inspection
          • Cylinder Honing
          • Deck Warpage
          • Deck Height
          • Main Bearing Bore & Alignment
          • Expansion Plug Removal
          • Expansion Plug Installation
          • Oil Gallery Plug Removal
          • Oil Gallery Plug Installation
      • Camshaft
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Camshaft Bearings
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Camshaft Installation
        • Camshaft End Play
      • Timing Chains & Belts
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Chains
        • Timing Belts
        • Tension Adjustment
      • Timing Gears
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Gear Backlash & RUNOUT
        • Rear Main Oil Seal Installation
          • Notes
          • One-Piece Type Seal
          • Rope Type Seal
          • Split-Rubber Type Seal
      • Oil Pump
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Rotor Type
        • Gear Type
      • Break-In Procedure
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Engine Pre-Oiling
        • Initial Start-Up
        • Camshaft
        • Piston Rings
        • Final Adjustments
    • Engine System General Information
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine
          • Special Tools
          • Materials
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
            • Engine Oil Leaks
            • Engine Oil Leaks-Fluorescent Oil Additive Method
            • Leakage Points-Underhood
            • Leakage Points-Under Engine-With Vehicle on Hoist
            • Leakage Points-With Transmission and Flywheel Removed
          • Compression Test-Compression Gauge Check
            • Notes
            • Compression Test - Test Results
            • Compression Test-Interpreting Compression Readings
          • Cylinder Leakage Detection
          • Oil Consumption Test
          • Intake Manifold Vacuum Test
            • Notes
            • Intake Manifold Vacuum Test-Interpreting Vacuum Gauge Readings
          • Excessive Engine Oil Consumption
            • Notes
            • Oil Pressure Test
          • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off-Valve Cover Removed
            • Notes
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off, Rocker Arm
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off, Camshaft Roller Followers and Hydraulic Lash Adjusters, Overhead Camshaft
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off, Camshaft-Engines
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off, Push Rods
            • Valve Train Analysis-Valve Springs
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off, Valve Spring Retainer and Valve Spring Retainer Keys
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off, Valves and Cylinder Head
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off, Camshaft Lobe Lift-OHC Engines
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Running, Camshaft Lobe Lift-Push Rod Engine
          • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Running
            • Notes
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Running, Valves and Cylinder Head
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Running, Valve Tappet
      • General Procedures
        • Sprockets
        • Rocker Arms - Cleaning
        • Rocker Arms - Inspection
        • Push Rods - Cleaning
        • Push Rods - Inspection
        • Camshaft Journal - Diameter
        • Camshaft Journal - Clearance, Push Rod Engines, Micrometer Method
        • Camshaft Journal - Clearance, Plastigage Method
        • Camshaft - End Play, Push Rod Engines
        • Camshaft - End Play, OHC Engines
        • Camshaft - Lobe Surface
        • Camshaft - Lobe Lift
        • Camshaft - Runout
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Diameter
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Taper
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Clearance
        • Crankshaft - End Play
        • Crankshaft - Runout
        • Crankshaft - Connecting Rod Journal Taper, Out of Round
        • Cylinder Bore - Taper
        • Cylinder Bore - Out-of-Round
        • Piston - Inspection
        • Piston - Pin to Bore Diameter
        • Piston - Diameter
        • Piston - to Cylinder Bore Clearance
        • Piston - Selection
        • Piston - Ring End Gap
        • Piston - Ring-to-Groove Clearance
        • Piston - Pin Diameter
        • Connecting Rod - Cleaning
        • Connecting Rod - Large End Bore
        • Connecting Rod - Bushing Diameter
        • Connecting Rod - Bend
        • Connecting Rod - Twist
        • Connecting Rod - Piston Pin Side Clearance
        • Connecting Rod - Bearing Journal Clearance
        • Roller Follower - Inspection
          • Push rod engines
          • OHC engines
        • Valve Tappet - Inspection
          • Push rod engines
          • OHC engines
        • Valve - Stem Diameter
        • Valve - Stem to Valve Guide Clearance
        • Valve - Inspection
        • Valve - Guide Inner Diameter
        • Valve - Guide Reaming
        • Valve - Spring Installed Length
        • Valve - Spring Free Length
        • Valve - Spring Squareness
        • Valve - Spring Strength
        • Valve - Seat Inspection
          • Valve and Seat Refacing Measurements
        • Valve - Seat Width
        • Valve - Seat Runout
        • Cylinder Head - Distortion
        • Cylinder Bore - Cleaning
        • Cylinder Block - Core Plug Replacement
          • Notes
          • Cup-Type
          • Expansion-Type
        • Spark Plug - Inspection
        • Exhaust Manifold - Inspection
        • Bearing - Inspection
    • General Cooling System Service - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Maintenance
        • Draining
        • Flushing
          • Notes
          • Radiator
          • Engine Block
        • Refilling
      • Testing
        • Thermostat
        • Pressure Testing
          • Notes
          • Radiator Cap
          • Cooling System
  • Engine Performance
    • Electrostatic Discharge Warning - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Introduction
      • Handling Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
      • Checking Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
    • Engine Performance Diagnostic Routine Outline - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Where Does DRIVEABILITY Diagnosis Start?
        • Perform Basic Inspection
        • Check For Trouble Codes
        • Diagnose Symptom
        • Test System
    • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
      • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
    • Map - Engine Performance & Maintenance
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance (Including Exhaust Systems)
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Engine Performance & Maintenance CHECKSHEET
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance
        • Notes
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor
        • Accessory Belts
        • Accessory Pulleys
        • Air Conditioning Cycling Switches
        • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensors
        • Air Ducts And Tubes
        • Air Filter Elements
        • Air Filter Gaskets
        • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
        • Air Fuel Ratio Sensors
        • Air Injection Control Solenoids
        • Air Plenums
        • Air Pump Belts
        • Air Pumps (Electric Driven)
        • Air Tubes
        • Aspirator, Check And DECEL Valves
        • Baffles
        • Ballast Primary Supply Resistor Wires
        • Ballast Resistors And Primary Supply Resistors
        • Barometric Pressure Sensors
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Connectors
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
        • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
        • Belt-Driven Air Pumps
        • Boost Control Mechanism
        • Camshaft Position Sensors
        • Carburetors And Chokes
        • Casting Core Plugs And Expansion Plugs
        • Charge Air Coolers ""INTERCOOLERS"" (CAC)
        • Check Valves
        • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Chokes
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switches
        • Cold Start Injectors
        • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
        • Connectors
        • Coolant Recovery Tanks
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Motor Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Relays And Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Resistors
        • Cooling Fan Motor Sensors And Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motor Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Crankshaft Position Sensors
        • Cylinder Deactivation Solenoid
        • Cylinder Head Assemblies
        • DECEL Valves
        • Deflectors
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks And Tubes
        • Distributor Advances And Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Boots And Shields
        • Distributor Caps
        • Distributor Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Rotors
        • Distributor Shields
        • Distributors
        • Early Fuel Evaporation Valves (Heat Riser Assemblies)
        • EGR Coolers
        • EGR Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Intake And Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Plates And Coolers
        • Electronic Spark Control Modules
        • Electronic Transmission Control Devices
        • Electronic Transmission Feedback Devices
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensors
        • Engine Cooling Systems
        • Engine Covers (Oil Pan, Valve Cover, Timing Cover)
        • Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Engine Oil Canisters
        • Engine Oil Coolers (External)
        • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
        • Engine Oil Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Pressure Gauges (Mechanical)
        • Engine Oil
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Filters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Purge Devices
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canisters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Feedback Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Feedback Devices
        • Expansion Plugs
        • Fan Control Sensor
        • Fuel Accumulators And Dampers
        • Fuel And Cold Start Injectors
        • Fuel Caps
        • Fuel Dampers
        • Fuel Delivery Check Valves
        • Fuel Distributors (BOSCH Cis)
        • Fuel Filler Necks And RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel Filters
        • Fuel Injector Cleaning
        • Fuel Injectors
        • Fuel Level Senders
        • Fuel Pressure Regulators
        • Fuel Pumps (In-Tank, External, Electrical Or Mechanical)
        • Fuel Rails
        • Fuel RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel System Cleaning Service
        • Fuel Tanks
        • Fuel
        • Gaskets
        • Grommets (Valve Cover)
        • Harmonic Dampers
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Hose Clamps
        • Hose Connectors
        • Hose Couplers
        • Hoses And Tube Couplers, Connectors And Clamps
        • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
        • Housings
        • Idle Air Controls
        • Idle Speed Control Actuators
        • Ignition Boots
        • Ignition Coil Towers
        • Ignition Coils
        • Ignition Control Modules (ICM)
        • Ignition Switches
        • Ignition Terminals
        • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
        • Inertia Fuel Shut-Off Switches
        • Intake Air Temperature Sensors
        • Intake Cleaning
        • Intake Manifolds
        • In-Tank Fuel Strainers
        • INTERCOOLERS
        • Knock Sensors
        • Liquid Vapor Separators
        • Long Block Assemblies
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensors
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensors
        • Metal Air Manifolds And Pipes
        • Metal Air Pipes
        • Mix Control Solenoids
        • Motor Mounts
        • O2 Sensors
        • Oil Pans
        • Oil Pressure Sending Units
        • Oil Pump Pick-Up Screens
        • Oil Pumps
        • O-Rings, Gaskets, Seals And Spring Locks
        • Park Neutral Position Switches
        • PCV Breather Elements
        • PCV Orifices
        • PCV Valves
        • Pick-Up Assemblies (Includes Magnetic, Hall Effect And Optical)
        • Power Steering Pressure Sensors
        • Powertrain Control Modules (Pcm) And Prom
        • Powertrain Control Prom
        • Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Blades
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiators
        • Roll Over Valves
        • Sealing Compounds
        • Seals
        • Secondary Air Injection System Management Devices
        • Sensors
        • Short Block Assemblies
        • Shrouds, Baffles And Deflectors
        • Spark Plugs
        • Spring Locks
        • Super Chargers
        • Switches
        • Thermal Vacuum Valves
        • Thermostatic Air Door Assemblies
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Throttle Bodies
        • Throttle Body Cleaning
        • Throttle Cables
        • Throttle Linkages And Cables
        • Throttle Position Sensors
        • Throttle Position Switches
        • Timing Belt Sprockets
        • Timing Belts
        • Timing Covers
        • Torque Struts
        • Transmission Range Switches
        • Tube Clamps
        • Tube Connectors
        • Tube Couplers
        • Tubes
        • Turbo Chargers
        • Vacuum Connections
        • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
        • Vacuum Regulator Solenoids
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valve Covers
        • Vehicle Speed Senors
        • Volume Air Flow Sensors
        • Waste Gate And Boost Control Mechanisms
        • Waste Gate Control Solenoids
        • Water Pumps (Electric)
        • Water Pumps (Non-Electric)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Parasitic Load Explanation & Test Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • General Information
      • Testing For Parasitic Load
        • Notes
        • CHRYSLER Ignition Off Draw (IOD) Test
        • Test Procedure Using Test Switch
        • Intermittent Parasitic Load Problems
        • Diode Check & Solenoid Test
        • Quad Driver Test
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
    • Waveforms - Injector Pattern Tutorial - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose Of This Article
        • Notes
        • Scope Of This Article
      • Is A Lab Scope Necessary?
        • Introduction
        • Overview Of NOID Light
          • Notes
          • Use the Right Noid Light
        • Overview Of DVOM
          • Notes
          • Checking Injector Resistance
          • Checking Available Voltage At the Injector
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Built-In Function
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Dwell Or Duty
          • How A Duty Cycle Meter and Dwell Meter Work
          • Strengths of Dwell/Duty Meter
          • Weaknesses of Dwell/Duty Meter
      • The Two Types Of Injector Drivers
        • Notes
        • Overview
        • Voltage Controlled Circuit ("Saturated Switch")
        • Current Controlled Circuit ("Peak & Hold")
      • The Two Ways Injector Circuits Are Wired
      • Interpreting Injector Waveforms
        • Notes
        • Interpreting A Voltage Controlled Pattern
        • Interpreting A Current Controlled Pattern
      • Current Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
      • Voltage Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
  • Map - Exhaust Systems
    • Exhaust Systems
      • Notes
      • Map Standards Of Service
      • The Map Process - Overview
      • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Catalytic Converters
      • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
      • Exhaust Connections
      • Hangers
      • Heat Risers (Mechanical EFE Devices)
      • Heat Shields
      • Manifolds (Cast And Tube Type)
      • Mechanical EFE Devices
      • Muffler Valve
      • Mufflers And Resonators
    • Reason Code Explanation
  • Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
    • HVAC Control System - Diagnosis & Repair
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Climate Control System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Heat Transfer
          • Latent Heat of Vaporization
          • Relative Humidity
          • Effects of Pressure on Boiling or Condensation
          • Compressor Anti-Slugging Strategy (CASS)
          • The Refrigerant Cycle
          • System Airflow Description - Manual Climate Control
            • Max A/C
            • A/C
            • Panel
            • Off
            • Panel/Floor
            • Floor
            • Floor/Defrost
            • Defrost
          • System Airflow Description - Electronic Automatic Temperature Control
            • Auto
            • Off
            • Panel
            • Panel/Floor
            • Floor
            • Floor/Defrost
            • Defrost
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Climate Control System
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Remote Climate Control Module Self-Test
          • Powertrain Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code Index
          • Remote Climate Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Test A: DTC B1249 - Blend Door Failure Or Short
          • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1251 Or DTC1253 - A/C In-Vehicle Temperature Sensor Open Circuit Or Short To Ground
          • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1255 Or DTC B1257 - Ambient Temperature Sensor Open Circuit Or Short To Ground
          • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1260 Or DTC B1261 - Solar Radiation Sensor Open Circuit Or Short To Ground
          • Pinpoint Test E: DTC U2005 - ACP Communication Error Between Integrated Control Panel And Remote Climate Control Module
          • Pinpoint Test F: No Communication With The Remote Climate Control Module - EATC
          • Pinpoint Test G: The EATC System Is Inoperative, Intermittent Or Incorrect Operation
          • Pinpoint Test H: Incorrect/Erratic Direction Of Air Flow From Outlet - Manual Climate Control
          • Pinpoint Test I: Incorrect/Erratic Direction Of Air Flow From Outlet - EATC
          • Pinpoint Test J: Insufficient, Erratic, Or No Heat - Manual Climate Control And EATC
          • Pinpoint Test K: The A/C Does Not Operate/Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test L: The A/C Is Always On
          • Pinpoint Test M: Insufficient Air Conditioning (A/C) Cooling
          • Pinpoint Test N: No Operation In All Temperature Settings-Manual Climate Control
          • Pinpoint Test O: The Blower Motor Does Not Operate - Manual Climate Control
          • Pinpoint Test P: The Blower Motor Is Inoperative - EATC
          • Pinpoint Test Q: The Blower Motor Does Not Operate Correctly-Manual Climate Control
          • Pinpoint Test R: The Blower Motor Operates Continuously In High Speed-Manual Climate Control
          • Pinpoint Test S: The Blower Motor Operates Continuously In High Speed - EATC
          • Pinpoint Test T: No Operation In High Blower Setting-Manual Climate Control
          • Pinpoint Test U: No Operation In Lower Speeds-Manual Climate Control
          • Pinpoint Test V: No Operation In Some Blower Speeds-EATC
        • Component Tests
          • Heater Core
          • Heater Core-Plugged
          • Heater Core-Pressure Test
          • Heater Core-Bench Test
          • A/C Evaporator/Condenser Core-On-Vehicle Leak Test
          • A/C Compressor-External Leak Test
      • General Procedures
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Check-Retail Procedure
        • Air Conditioning Line (Peanut) Fitting
          • Disconnect
          • Connect
        • Spring Lock Coupling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disconnect
          • Cleaning
          • Connect
        • Refrigerant System Tests
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Clutch Air Gap Adjustment
        • Manifold Gauge Set Connection
        • Fluorescent Dye Leak Detection
          • Notes
          • Fluorescent Dye Detection
          • Fluorescent Dye Injection-Using an A/C Refrigerant Center and Dye Injector
          • Fluorescent Dye Injection-Using a Dye Injector Loop Kit
        • Electronic Leak Detection
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Flushing
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Recovery, Evacuation and Charging
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation
          • Refrigerant System Charging
        • Refrigerant System Filtering Following Air Conditioning (A/C) Component Installation
        • Refrigerant Oil Adding
        • Refrigerant Identification Testing
        • Contaminated Refrigerant Handling
        • Vacuum Hose Repair-Mini-Tube
    • Map - Heating, Ventilation, & Air Conditioning
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accumulators
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Air Conditioning Fittings
        • Air Conditioning Hoses
        • Air Conditioning Metal Lines
        • Air Control Doors
        • Air Dams (External)
        • Air Distribution System
        • Belts
        • Blend Doors
        • Blower Fans (Blower Wheel Or Squirrel Cage)
        • Blower Motors
        • Blower Resistors
        • Blower Switches
        • Cabin Air Filters
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Compressor Clutch Assemblies
        • Compressors
        • Condenser Air Seals
        • Condenser Fan Motors
        • Condensers
        • Connectors
        • Control Cables
        • Control Heads (Function Selectors)
        • Control Linkages
        • Control Modules
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Blades
        • Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Evaporator Drain Tubes
        • Evaporator Filters
        • Evaporator Pressure Regulators (EPRS)
        • Evaporators
        • Expansion Valves
        • Function Selectors
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gaskets
        • Heater Cases
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Heater Hoses
        • High Pressure Relief Valves (HPRV)
        • Idlers
        • In-Line Filters
        • Metal Fittings
        • Metal Lines
        • Mix And Air Control Doors (Blend Doors)
        • ORIFACE Tubes
        • O-Rings
        • Pilot-Operated Absolutes (POAS)
        • Plenums
        • Pressure Control Valves
        • Pressure Sensors
        • Pulleys
        • Radiators
        • Receiver-DRIERS
        • Refrigerant Oil
        • Refrigerant
        • Relays
        • Seals
        • Service Ports
        • Spring Lock Couplings
        • Suction Throttling Valves (STVS)
        • Switches (Electrical)
        • TENSIONERS
        • Thermistors And Pressure Sensors
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
        • Vacuum Reservoirs
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valves In Receiver (VIRS)
        • Water Pumps (Electric Auxiliary)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Identification
    • CANADIAN Model Cross-Reference
      • * Please Read This First *
      • ACURA
      • ASUNA
      • AUDI
      • BMW
      • CHRYSLER Corp.
        • CHRYSLER
        • Dodge
        • Eagle
        • PLYMOUTH
      • General Motors
        • BUICK
        • CHEVROLET
        • GMC
        • OLDSMOBILE
        • Optima
        • PONTIAC
      • HYUNDAI
      • Jaguar
      • KIA
      • MAZDA
      • MERCEDES-BENZ
      • Mercury
      • MERKUR
      • MITSUBISHI
      • NISSAN
      • RENAULT
      • SATURN
      • Smart
      • SUBARU
      • SUZUKI
      • TOYOTA
      • VOLKSWAGEN
      • VOLVO
      • All Others
  • Metric Conversions
    • Engine Displacement Conversion Table - ECAT
      • Conversion Table
    • Metric Conversions
      • Metric Conversions
        • Notes
        • Length
        • Volume
        • Torque
        • Pressure
      • Conversion Factors
  • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
    • A/C Filter Service Reminder
      • Notes
      • A/C Filter Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder
      • Notes
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Oil Life Reset - Base Instrument Cluster
        • Oil Life Reset - Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
        • Non-Hybrid
        • Hybrid
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
        • Owner's Manual 1
        • Owner's Manual 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 11
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 12
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 13
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 14
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 15
        • Base Message Center
        • Uplevel Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 16
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 17
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 18
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 19
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 20
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 21
        • Notes
        • Without Message Center
        • With Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 22
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 23
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 24
        • Path 1
        • Path 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 25
        • Base Cluster
        • High Series Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 26
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 2.3 Inch Screen/4.2 Inch Screen
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 8 Inch Screen
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 27
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 28
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Overhead Warning Lights)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Sri)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (VMM)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Tire Pressure Monitor System Reminder
      • Notes
      • Tire Pressure Sensor Types
        • Notes
        • Banded Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Bolt-On Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Snap-In Sensor
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
        • Notes
        • Vehicles With Message Center
        • Vehicles Without Message Center
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
        • Notes
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Single Rear Wheel
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Dual Rear Wheel
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
        • Overview
        • Carrying Out the System Reset Procedure
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 2.3" information display, scroll to:
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 4.2" information display, scroll to:
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
  • Specifications Index
    • Common Specs & Procedures
      • Specifications Index
  • Steering
    • Map - Steering, Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels & Tires
      • Steering & Suspension Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Wheel And Tire
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
      • Steering & Suspension CHECKSHEET
      • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
      • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
        • Notes
        • Active Handling
        • Active Suspension Control Modules
        • Active Variable Ratio Steering
        • Active Yaw Control
        • Adaptive Cruise Control
        • Advance TRAC
        • Air Bags
        • Air Ride Control Modules
        • Air Ride Suspension Torsion Springs (Counter Balancing)
        • Air Ride Suspension
        • Air Ride Tubes
        • Air Shocks And Air Struts
        • Air Spring Valves
        • Air Springs
        • Air Suspension Control Valves
        • Air Suspension DRIERS
        • Axle Acceleration Sensor
        • Ball Joints
        • Body Acceleration Sensor
        • Bushings
        • Center Links
        • Compressors
        • Continuous Damping Control
        • Control Arm Shafts
        • Control Arms
        • Control Modules
        • Distance Regulation Control Module
        • Distance Regulation Sensor
        • Drag Links
        • Dynamic Stability Control
        • Dynamic Stability Traction Control
        • Electronic Ride Control Shocks And Struts
        • Electronic Stability Control
        • Electronic Suspension System
        • Flex Couplers
        • Gaskets
        • Height Sensors
        • Hydraulic Hoses
        • Hydraulic Power Steering Pumps
        • Hydraulic Suspension Hoses
        • Hydraulic Suspension Pumps
        • Idler Arms
        • Intermediate Shaft U-Joints
        • King Pins
        • Modules
        • Pitman Arms
        • Power Steering Belts
        • Power Steering Coolers
        • Power Steering Fluid
        • Power Steering Hoses
        • Power Steering Lines (Steel)
        • Power Steering Pumps - Electric
        • Power Steering Pumps
        • Radar Sensor
        • Radius Arms
        • Relay Rods
        • Relays
        • Sensors
        • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
        • Spindles
        • Springs, Coil, Leaf And Torsion Bars
        • STABILITRAC
        • Stability Management System
        • Steering Angle Sensor
        • Steering Arms
        • Steering Couplers
        • Steering Dampers
        • Steering Gears (Except Rack And Pinion)
        • Steering Gears, Rack And Pinion
        • Steering Knuckles
        • Strike Out Bumpers
        • Strut Bearing Plate Assemblies
        • Strut Rods
        • Suspension Pumps (Hydraulic)
        • Sway Bar Links
        • Sway Bar Mounting Bushings
        • Sway Bars
        • Switches
        • Tie Rod Ends (Inner And Outer)
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
        • Tire Pressure Sensors
        • Tires
        • Torque Sensor
        • Torsion Springs
        • Track Bar Bushings
        • Track Bars
        • Trailing Arm Bushings
        • Trailing Arms
        • Valve Stems
        • Vehicle Dynamics Control
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor
        • Vehicle Stability Assist
        • Vehicle Stability/Skid Control
        • Warning Lamps
        • Wheel Alignment
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheels (Rims)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Steering System General Information
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Test A: Drift Left Or Right
          • Notes
          • Component Tests
            • Steering Linkage
            • Pump Flow and Pressure Test
            • Steering Gear Valve
      • General Procedures
        • Power Steering System Flushing
          • Materials
          • Flushing Procedure
        • Power Steering System Purging
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials
          • Purging Procedure
        • Power Steering System Filling
          • Materials
          • Filling Procedure
    • Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Pre-Alignment Instructions
        • Notes
        • General Alignment Checks
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Camber
        • Caster
        • Toe-In Adjustment
        • Toe-Out On Turns
        • Steering Axis Inclination
  • Traction Control Disable Procedures
    • Traction Control Disable
  • Trouble Shooting - Manual Transmission - General Information
    • * Please Read This First *
    • Introduction
• Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
  • A/C Compressor
    • HVAC Systems - Compressor Servicing
      • Ford FS-10 10-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch & Clutch Field Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Ford SC115 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • General Motors DELPHI-Thermal (HARRISON) CVC- 6/CVC-7, Hd6/Ht6/HU6, Hd6/Hr-6HE 6, V5 & V7.
        • Compressor Clutch Plate & Hub Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Control Valve (Variable Displacement Compressors Only)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Clutch Rotor/Bearing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • High Pressure Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Identifying Compressor Components
        • Shaft Seal
      • MITSUBISHI ASTT
      • MITSUBISHI Scroll
      • NIPPONDENSO 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • NIPPONDENSO 10S15/10S17/10S20
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • NIPPONDENSO 10PA17 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Removal (Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (Grand Cherokee)
        • Shaft Seal
      • SANDEN Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal & Installation (General Motors)
      • SANDEN SD-7H15 7-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal (All Models)
          • Installation (Cherokee)
          • Installation (Dakota, Durango & Ram Pickup)
      • SANDEN TRS-90 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • SANDEN TRS-105 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • ZEXEL (SATURN - Variable Displacement Type)
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal ("S" Series)
          • Installation ("S" Series)
          • Removal ("L" Series)
          • Installation ("L" Series)
          • Removal (VUE)
          • Installation (VUE)
        • Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • General Servicing
    • Cabin Air Filter
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Cabin Air Filter
          • Removal & Installation (1996-1999)
          • Removal & Installation (2000-2007)
    • HVAC Systems - Compressor Servicing
      • Ford FS-10 10-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch & Clutch Field Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Ford SC115 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • General Motors DELPHI-Thermal (HARRISON) CVC- 6/CVC-7, Hd6/Ht6/HU6, Hd6/Hr-6HE 6, V5 & V7.
        • Compressor Clutch Plate & Hub Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Control Valve (Variable Displacement Compressors Only)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Clutch Rotor/Bearing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • High Pressure Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Identifying Compressor Components
        • Shaft Seal
      • MITSUBISHI ASTT
      • MITSUBISHI Scroll
      • NIPPONDENSO 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • NIPPONDENSO 10S15/10S17/10S20
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • NIPPONDENSO 10PA17 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Removal (Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (Grand Cherokee)
        • Shaft Seal
      • SANDEN Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal & Installation (General Motors)
      • SANDEN SD-7H15 7-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal (All Models)
          • Installation (Cherokee)
          • Installation (Dakota, Durango & Ram Pickup)
      • SANDEN TRS-90 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • SANDEN TRS-105 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • ZEXEL (SATURN - Variable Displacement Type)
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal ("S" Series)
          • Installation ("S" Series)
          • Removal ("L" Series)
          • Installation ("L" Series)
          • Removal (VUE)
          • Installation (VUE)
        • Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • HVAC Systems - General Servicing
      • USING R-134a REFRIGERANT
        • Handling/Safety Precautions
        • IDENTIFYING R-134a SYSTEMS & COMPONENTS
          • Notes
          • Fittings & "O" Rings
          • Underhood A/C Specification Labels
        • Refrigerant Oils
      • System Service Valves
        • SCHRADER-Type Valves
        • Special Valve Connectors
        • R-134a SERVICE VALVES/PORTS
        • Service Valve Locations
      • Service Equipment
      • Manifold Gauge Set
        • Notes
        • Connecting Gauge Set
          • Notes
          • Schrader-Type Valves
        • Stabilizing A/C System
      • Pressure-Temperature Relationship
      • Pressure Gauge Readings
      • Recovery/Evacuation & Recharging
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Service Equipment
          • Manifold Gauge Set Connections
          • Refrigerant Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuate
          • Refrigerant System Charge
        • Ford Motor Co.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation
          • Refrigerant System Charging
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Filtering Procedures (Ford)
        • A/C System Filtering (Focus)
        • A/C System Filtering (Villager)
        • A/C System Filtering (Except Focus & Villager)
      • Flushing Procedures
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Leak Testing
        • Notes
        • Types Of Leak Detectors
          • Bubble Solution Detector
          • Dye Solution
          • Fluorescent Leak Detection
          • Electronic Leak Detector
        • Preparation For Leak Testing
        • Bubble Detector Leak Testing Procedure
        • Electronic Leak Testing Procedure
        • Dye Solution Leak Testing Procedures
        • Fluorescent Dye Leak Testing Procedures
  • HVAC Control Systems
    • HVAC - Air Distribution System & Filtering System
      • Description And Operation
        • Air Distribution And Filtering
          • Notes
          • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC) Air Distribution
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Air Distribution And Filtering
          • Notes
          • Manual Climate Control Air Distribution
      • Removal And Installation
        • Pollen Filter
          • Removal and Installation
        • Floor Console Register
          • Removal and Installation
        • Driver Side Register
          • Removal and Installation
        • Center Registers
          • Removal and Installation
        • Passenger Side Register
          • Removal and Installation
        • Recirculation Air Duct
          • Removal and Installation
        • Floor Duct
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Footwell Duct
          • Removal and Installation
        • Plenum Chamber
          • Removal and Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Instrument Panel Air Distribution Ducts
          • Disassembly and Assembly
        • Instrument Panel Air Distribution Ducts - Recirculation Air Duct
          • Disassembly and Assembly
        • Plenum Chamber
          • Disassembly and Assembly
    • HVAC Control System - Diagnosis & Repair
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Climate Control System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Heat Transfer
          • Latent Heat of Vaporization
          • Relative Humidity
          • Effects of Pressure on Boiling or Condensation
          • Compressor Anti-Slugging Strategy (CASS)
          • The Refrigerant Cycle
          • System Airflow Description - Manual Climate Control
            • Max A/C
            • A/C
            • Panel
            • Off
            • Panel/Floor
            • Floor
            • Floor/Defrost
            • Defrost
          • System Airflow Description - Electronic Automatic Temperature Control
            • Auto
            • Off
            • Panel
            • Panel/Floor
            • Floor
            • Floor/Defrost
            • Defrost
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Climate Control System
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Remote Climate Control Module Self-Test
          • Powertrain Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code Index
          • Remote Climate Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Test A: DTC B1249 - Blend Door Failure Or Short
          • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1251 Or DTC1253 - A/C In-Vehicle Temperature Sensor Open Circuit Or Short To Ground
          • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1255 Or DTC B1257 - Ambient Temperature Sensor Open Circuit Or Short To Ground
          • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1260 Or DTC B1261 - Solar Radiation Sensor Open Circuit Or Short To Ground
          • Pinpoint Test E: DTC U2005 - ACP Communication Error Between Integrated Control Panel And Remote Climate Control Module
          • Pinpoint Test F: No Communication With The Remote Climate Control Module - EATC
          • Pinpoint Test G: The EATC System Is Inoperative, Intermittent Or Incorrect Operation
          • Pinpoint Test H: Incorrect/Erratic Direction Of Air Flow From Outlet - Manual Climate Control
          • Pinpoint Test I: Incorrect/Erratic Direction Of Air Flow From Outlet - EATC
          • Pinpoint Test J: Insufficient, Erratic, Or No Heat - Manual Climate Control And EATC
          • Pinpoint Test K: The A/C Does Not Operate/Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test L: The A/C Is Always On
          • Pinpoint Test M: Insufficient Air Conditioning (A/C) Cooling
          • Pinpoint Test N: No Operation In All Temperature Settings-Manual Climate Control
          • Pinpoint Test O: The Blower Motor Does Not Operate - Manual Climate Control
          • Pinpoint Test P: The Blower Motor Is Inoperative - EATC
          • Pinpoint Test Q: The Blower Motor Does Not Operate Correctly-Manual Climate Control
          • Pinpoint Test R: The Blower Motor Operates Continuously In High Speed-Manual Climate Control
          • Pinpoint Test S: The Blower Motor Operates Continuously In High Speed - EATC
          • Pinpoint Test T: No Operation In High Blower Setting-Manual Climate Control
          • Pinpoint Test U: No Operation In Lower Speeds-Manual Climate Control
          • Pinpoint Test V: No Operation In Some Blower Speeds-EATC
        • Component Tests
          • Heater Core
          • Heater Core-Plugged
          • Heater Core-Pressure Test
          • Heater Core-Bench Test
          • A/C Evaporator/Condenser Core-On-Vehicle Leak Test
          • A/C Compressor-External Leak Test
      • General Procedures
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Check-Retail Procedure
        • Air Conditioning Line (Peanut) Fitting
          • Disconnect
          • Connect
        • Spring Lock Coupling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disconnect
          • Cleaning
          • Connect
        • Refrigerant System Tests
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Clutch Air Gap Adjustment
        • Manifold Gauge Set Connection
        • Fluorescent Dye Leak Detection
          • Notes
          • Fluorescent Dye Detection
          • Fluorescent Dye Injection-Using an A/C Refrigerant Center and Dye Injector
          • Fluorescent Dye Injection-Using a Dye Injector Loop Kit
        • Electronic Leak Detection
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Flushing
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Recovery, Evacuation and Charging
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation
          • Refrigerant System Charging
        • Refrigerant System Filtering Following Air Conditioning (A/C) Component Installation
        • Refrigerant Oil Adding
        • Refrigerant Identification Testing
        • Contaminated Refrigerant Handling
        • Vacuum Hose Repair-Mini-Tube
    • HVAC System
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Air Conditioning
          • Notes
          • A/C Compressor and Clutch Assembly
          • A/C Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • A/C Condenser Core
          • Refrigerant Lines
          • A/C Evaporator Core
          • A/C Evaporator Core Orifice
          • Suction Accumulator/Drier
          • Low Charge Protection Switch
          • Pressure Cutoff Switch, Dual Function
          • Spring Lock Coupling
          • Service Gauge Port Valves
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Air Conditioning
      • Removal And Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor-3.0L (2V)
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor-3.0L (4V)
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Clutch And Clutch Field Coil
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Evaporator Core
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Evaporator Core Orifice
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Suction Accumulator
          • Removal and Installation
        • Condenser Core
          • Removal and Installation
        • Compressor Manifold and Tube Assembly-3.0L (2V)
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Compressor Manifold and Tube Assembly-3.0L (4V)
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Condenser to Evaporator Line
          • Removal and Installation
    • HVAC System - Control Components
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Control Components - Manual Climate Control
          • Notes
          • Control System Inputs
            • Notes
            • Function Selector Switch
            • Temperature Control Switch
            • Blower Motor Switch
            • Evaporator Discharge Air Temperature Sensor
          • Control System Outputs
            • Heater Blower Motor Resistor
            • A/C Electronic Blend Door Actuator
            • Vacuum Control Motors
        • Control Components - Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC)
          • Notes
          • Control System Inputs
            • Climate Control Assembly - Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC)
            • Evaporator Discharge Air Temperature Sensor
            • A/C Ambient Air Temperature Sensor
            • In-Car Temperature Sensor
            • Solar Amplifier (Sunload Sensor)
          • Control System Outputs
            • A/C Blower Motor Speed Control
            • A/C Electronic Blend Door Actuator
            • Vacuum Control Motors
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Control Components
      • Removal And Installation
        • Climate Control Assembly
        • Remote Climate Control Module
          • Removal and Installation
        • Blower Motor Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Temperature Control Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Function Selector Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Ambient Air Temperature Sensor
          • Removal and Installation
        • In-Car Temperature Sensor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sunload Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Air Discharge Temperature Sensor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Temperature Blend Door Actuator
          • Removal and Installation
        • Blower Motor Resistor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Blower Motor Speed Control
          • Removal and Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Air Inlet Door
          • Removal and Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Panel/Floor Door
          • Removal and Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Defroster Door
          • Removal and Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Floor Console Register Duct Door
          • Removal and Installation
        • Vacuum Reservoir
          • Removal and Installation
    • HVAC Systems - Compressor Servicing
      • Ford FS-10 10-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch & Clutch Field Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Ford SC115 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • General Motors DELPHI-Thermal (HARRISON) CVC- 6/CVC-7, Hd6/Ht6/HU6, Hd6/Hr-6HE 6, V5 & V7.
        • Compressor Clutch Plate & Hub Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Control Valve (Variable Displacement Compressors Only)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Clutch Rotor/Bearing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • High Pressure Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Identifying Compressor Components
        • Shaft Seal
      • MITSUBISHI ASTT
      • MITSUBISHI Scroll
      • NIPPONDENSO 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • NIPPONDENSO 10S15/10S17/10S20
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • NIPPONDENSO 10PA17 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Removal (Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (Grand Cherokee)
        • Shaft Seal
      • SANDEN Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal & Installation (General Motors)
      • SANDEN SD-7H15 7-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal (All Models)
          • Installation (Cherokee)
          • Installation (Dakota, Durango & Ram Pickup)
      • SANDEN TRS-90 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • SANDEN TRS-105 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • ZEXEL (SATURN - Variable Displacement Type)
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal ("S" Series)
          • Installation ("S" Series)
          • Removal ("L" Series)
          • Installation ("L" Series)
          • Removal (VUE)
          • Installation (VUE)
        • Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • HVAC Systems - General Servicing
      • USING R-134a REFRIGERANT
        • Handling/Safety Precautions
        • IDENTIFYING R-134a SYSTEMS & COMPONENTS
          • Notes
          • Fittings & "O" Rings
          • Underhood A/C Specification Labels
        • Refrigerant Oils
      • System Service Valves
        • SCHRADER-Type Valves
        • Special Valve Connectors
        • R-134a SERVICE VALVES/PORTS
        • Service Valve Locations
      • Service Equipment
      • Manifold Gauge Set
        • Notes
        • Connecting Gauge Set
          • Notes
          • Schrader-Type Valves
        • Stabilizing A/C System
      • Pressure-Temperature Relationship
      • Pressure Gauge Readings
      • Recovery/Evacuation & Recharging
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Service Equipment
          • Manifold Gauge Set Connections
          • Refrigerant Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuate
          • Refrigerant System Charge
        • Ford Motor Co.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation
          • Refrigerant System Charging
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Filtering Procedures (Ford)
        • A/C System Filtering (Focus)
        • A/C System Filtering (Villager)
        • A/C System Filtering (Except Focus & Villager)
      • Flushing Procedures
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Leak Testing
        • Notes
        • Types Of Leak Detectors
          • Bubble Solution Detector
          • Dye Solution
          • Fluorescent Leak Detection
          • Electronic Leak Detector
        • Preparation For Leak Testing
        • Bubble Detector Leak Testing Procedure
        • Electronic Leak Testing Procedure
        • Dye Solution Leak Testing Procedures
        • Fluorescent Dye Leak Testing Procedures
• Maintenance
  • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
    • A/C Filter Service Reminder
      • Notes
      • A/C Filter Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder
      • Notes
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Oil Life Reset - Base Instrument Cluster
        • Oil Life Reset - Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
        • Non-Hybrid
        • Hybrid
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
        • Owner's Manual 1
        • Owner's Manual 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 11
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 12
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 13
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 14
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 15
        • Base Message Center
        • Uplevel Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 16
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 17
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 18
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 19
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 20
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 21
        • Notes
        • Without Message Center
        • With Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 22
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 23
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 24
        • Path 1
        • Path 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 25
        • Base Cluster
        • High Series Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 26
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 2.3 Inch Screen/4.2 Inch Screen
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 8 Inch Screen
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 27
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 28
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Overhead Warning Lights)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Sri)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (VMM)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Tire Pressure Monitor System Reminder
      • Notes
      • Tire Pressure Sensor Types
        • Notes
        • Banded Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Bolt-On Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Snap-In Sensor
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
        • Notes
        • Vehicles With Message Center
        • Vehicles Without Message Center
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
        • Notes
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Single Rear Wheel
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Dual Rear Wheel
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
        • Overview
        • Carrying Out the System Reset Procedure
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 2.3" information display, scroll to:
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 4.2" information display, scroll to:
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
• Restraints
  • Air Bag, SRS
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Back-Up Power Supply
        • CLOCKSPRING
        • Dual-Stage Driver-Side Air Bag Module
        • Dual-Stage Passenger-Side Air Bag Module
        • Front Crash Sensor
        • Restraints Control Module (RCM)
        • Seat Belt PRETENSIONER
        • Seat Belt Switch
        • Seat Track Position Sensor
        • Side Air Bag Module
        • Side Crash Sensor
      • Component Locations
      • System Operation Check
      • Air Bag Safety Precautions
        • Notes
        • Second Stage Air Bag Deployment Check
      • Adjustments
        • CLOCKSPRING Centering
      • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
        • Notes
        • Disabling System
          • Notes
          • Component Replacement Disabling Procedure
          • Diagnostics Disabling Procedure (Seats Removed)
          • General Disabling Procedure (Seats Installed)
        • Activating System
          • Component Replacement Activating Procedure (Seats Installed)
          • Diagnostics Activating Procedure (Seats Installed)
          • General Activating Procedure (Seats Installed)
        • Air Bag Simulator (Seats Installed)
      • Disposal Procedures
        • Notes
        • Deployed Unit (Seats Installed)
        • UNDEPLOYED-Faulty Unit (Seats Installed)
        • Scrapped Vehicle (Seats Installed)
          • Notes
          • Remote Deployment Of AIR Bags (Seats Installed)
          • Remote Deployment Of Seat Belt Pretensioners (Seats Installed)
      • Post-Collision Inspection
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • CLOCKSPRING
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Dual-Stage Driver-Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Dual-Stage Passenger-Side Air Bag Module
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Crash Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Seat
          • Removal & Installation
        • Generic Electronic Module (Gem)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Restraints Control Module (RCM)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Seat Belt Buckle/PRETENSIONER
          • Removal & Installation
        • Seat Track Position Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Side Air Bag Module
          • Removal & Installation
        • Side Crash Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Wheel
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Diagnostics
        • Notes
        • Self-Diagnostics
        • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Using Scan Tool
        • Retrieving Fault Codes
        • Clearing Fault Codes
        • On-Demand Self-Test
        • Bit-Mapped Diagnostic Trouble Codes
        • Active Commands
        • Light Flash Codes (LFCS)
        • Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCS)
        • PID/Data Monitor & Record
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Test A: Air Bag Warning Light On Continuously-RCM Disconnected Or Inoperative
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test B: Air Bag Warning Light Circuit Open Or Short To Ground (DTC B1869)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test C: Air Bag Warning Light Circuit Short To Battery (DTC B1870)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test D: Air Bag Tone Warning Indicator Circuit Short To Battery (DTC B1891)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test E: Air Bag Tone Warning Indicator Circuit Short To Ground Or Open (DTC B1892)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test F: Air Bag Diagnostic Monitor Ground Circuit Open (DTC B1921)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test G: Restraint System-Seat Belt PRETENSIONER Status (DTC B2292)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test H: Restraint System-Air Bag Status (DTC B2293)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test I: Restraint System-Side Air Bag Status (DTC B2295)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test J: Restraint System-Impact Sensor Status (DTC B2296)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test K: Left Seat Belt Buckle Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B2434)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test L: Left Seat Belt Buckle Circuit Resistance Out Of Range (DTC B2435)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test M: Right Seat Belt Buckle Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B2438)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test N: Right Seat Belt Buckle Circuit Resistance Out Of Range (DTC B2439)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test O: Left Seat Belt Buckle Switch Circuit Fault (DTC B2691)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test P: Right Seat Belt Buckle Switch Circuit Fault (DTC B2692)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Q: Incorrect Vehicle Identification (DTC C1414)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test R: Seat Track Position Sensor Circuit Short To Ground (DTC C1947)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test S: Seat Track Position Sensor Circuit Resistance Out Of Range (DTC C1948)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test T: Seat Track Position Sensor Circuit Fault (DTC C1981)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test U: No Communication With RCM
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
      • Wire Repair
        • Notes
        • Repair Procedure
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System -- Air Bag/SRS Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • Ford Motor Co. (1988-04)
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System Deactivation Procedures
      • Special Care During Mechanical Repairs
      • CHRYSLER
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Caravan, Concord, Intrepid, Neon, Prowler, PT Cruiser, Sebring Convertible, Sebring Sedan, Stratus Sedan, Town & Country, Viper, Voyager & 300M
          • Dakota, Durango, Ram Pickup, Ram Van & Ram Wagon
          • Sebring Coupe & Stratus Coupe
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
      • Ford Motor Co.
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Blackwood)
          • Activating System (Blackwood)
          • Disabling System (Continental)
          • Activating System (Continental)
          • Disabling System (Cougar)
          • Activating System (Cougar)
          • Disabling System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Activating System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Disabling System (Econoline)
          • Activating System (Econoline)
          • Disabling System (Escape)
          • Activating System (Escape)
          • Disabling System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Activating System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Disabling System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Activating System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Disabling System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Activating System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Disabling System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Activating System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Disabling System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Activating System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Disabling System (Focus)
          • Activating System (Focus)
          • Disabling System (F150)
          • Activating System (F150)
          • Disabling System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Activating System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Disabling System (Mustang)
          • Activating System (Mustang)
          • Disabling System (Ranger)
          • Activating System (Ranger)
          • Disabling System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Activating System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Disabling System (Town Car)
          • Activating System (Town Car)
          • Disabling System (Villager)
          • Activating System (Villager)
          • Disabling System (Windstar)
          • Activating System (Windstar)
        • Air Bag Simulator
        • Driver Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Blackwood, Econoline, Excursion, Expedition, Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac, F150, F250/350 Super Duty, Mountaineer & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Continental, Cougar, Escort, Focus, LS, Mustang, Ranger, Thunderbird, Town Car & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Removal & Installation (Escort & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac & Ranger)
          • Removal & Installation (Sable & Taurus)
          • Removal & Installation (Town Car)
        • Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
        • Torque Specifications
      • General Motors
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Prizm
          • Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
          • All Models Except Prizm & Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Activating System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Disabling System (Astro & Safari)
          • Activating System (Astro & Safari)
          • Disabling System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Activating System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Disabling System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Activating System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Disabling System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Activating System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Disabling System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Activating System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Disabling System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Activating System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Disabling System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Activating System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Disabling System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Activating System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Disabling System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Activating System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Disabling System (Corvette)
          • Activating System (Corvette)
          • Disabling System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Activating System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Disabling System (Eldorado)
          • Activating System (Eldorado)
          • Disabling System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Activating System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Disabling System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Activating System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Disabling System (Prizm)
          • Activating System (Prizm)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn Vue)
          • Activating System (Saturn Vue)
          • Disabling System (Tracker)
          • Activating System (Tracker)
      • Jeep
        • System Operation Check
          • Grand Cherokee, Liberty & Wrangler
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
  • Restraints Control Systems
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System -- Air Bag/SRS Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • Ford Motor Co. (1988-04)
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System Deactivation Procedures
      • Special Care During Mechanical Repairs
      • CHRYSLER
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Caravan, Concord, Intrepid, Neon, Prowler, PT Cruiser, Sebring Convertible, Sebring Sedan, Stratus Sedan, Town & Country, Viper, Voyager & 300M
          • Dakota, Durango, Ram Pickup, Ram Van & Ram Wagon
          • Sebring Coupe & Stratus Coupe
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
      • Ford Motor Co.
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Blackwood)
          • Activating System (Blackwood)
          • Disabling System (Continental)
          • Activating System (Continental)
          • Disabling System (Cougar)
          • Activating System (Cougar)
          • Disabling System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Activating System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Disabling System (Econoline)
          • Activating System (Econoline)
          • Disabling System (Escape)
          • Activating System (Escape)
          • Disabling System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Activating System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Disabling System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Activating System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Disabling System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Activating System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Disabling System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Activating System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Disabling System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Activating System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Disabling System (Focus)
          • Activating System (Focus)
          • Disabling System (F150)
          • Activating System (F150)
          • Disabling System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Activating System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Disabling System (Mustang)
          • Activating System (Mustang)
          • Disabling System (Ranger)
          • Activating System (Ranger)
          • Disabling System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Activating System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Disabling System (Town Car)
          • Activating System (Town Car)
          • Disabling System (Villager)
          • Activating System (Villager)
          • Disabling System (Windstar)
          • Activating System (Windstar)
        • Air Bag Simulator
        • Driver Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Blackwood, Econoline, Excursion, Expedition, Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac, F150, F250/350 Super Duty, Mountaineer & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Continental, Cougar, Escort, Focus, LS, Mustang, Ranger, Thunderbird, Town Car & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Removal & Installation (Escort & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac & Ranger)
          • Removal & Installation (Sable & Taurus)
          • Removal & Installation (Town Car)
        • Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
        • Torque Specifications
      • General Motors
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Prizm
          • Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
          • All Models Except Prizm & Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Activating System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Disabling System (Astro & Safari)
          • Activating System (Astro & Safari)
          • Disabling System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Activating System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Disabling System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Activating System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Disabling System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Activating System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Disabling System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Activating System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Disabling System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Activating System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Disabling System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Activating System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Disabling System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Activating System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Disabling System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Activating System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Disabling System (Corvette)
          • Activating System (Corvette)
          • Disabling System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Activating System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Disabling System (Eldorado)
          • Activating System (Eldorado)
          • Disabling System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Activating System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Disabling System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Activating System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Disabling System (Prizm)
          • Activating System (Prizm)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn Vue)
          • Activating System (Saturn Vue)
          • Disabling System (Tracker)
          • Activating System (Tracker)
      • Jeep
        • System Operation Check
          • Grand Cherokee, Liberty & Wrangler
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
  • Seat Belts
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System -- Air Bag/SRS Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • Ford Motor Co. (1988-04)
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System Deactivation Procedures
      • Special Care During Mechanical Repairs
      • CHRYSLER
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Caravan, Concord, Intrepid, Neon, Prowler, PT Cruiser, Sebring Convertible, Sebring Sedan, Stratus Sedan, Town & Country, Viper, Voyager & 300M
          • Dakota, Durango, Ram Pickup, Ram Van & Ram Wagon
          • Sebring Coupe & Stratus Coupe
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
      • Ford Motor Co.
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Blackwood)
          • Activating System (Blackwood)
          • Disabling System (Continental)
          • Activating System (Continental)
          • Disabling System (Cougar)
          • Activating System (Cougar)
          • Disabling System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Activating System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Disabling System (Econoline)
          • Activating System (Econoline)
          • Disabling System (Escape)
          • Activating System (Escape)
          • Disabling System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Activating System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Disabling System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Activating System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Disabling System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Activating System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Disabling System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Activating System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Disabling System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Activating System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Disabling System (Focus)
          • Activating System (Focus)
          • Disabling System (F150)
          • Activating System (F150)
          • Disabling System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Activating System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Disabling System (Mustang)
          • Activating System (Mustang)
          • Disabling System (Ranger)
          • Activating System (Ranger)
          • Disabling System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Activating System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Disabling System (Town Car)
          • Activating System (Town Car)
          • Disabling System (Villager)
          • Activating System (Villager)
          • Disabling System (Windstar)
          • Activating System (Windstar)
        • Air Bag Simulator
        • Driver Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Blackwood, Econoline, Excursion, Expedition, Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac, F150, F250/350 Super Duty, Mountaineer & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Continental, Cougar, Escort, Focus, LS, Mustang, Ranger, Thunderbird, Town Car & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Removal & Installation (Escort & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac & Ranger)
          • Removal & Installation (Sable & Taurus)
          • Removal & Installation (Town Car)
        • Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
        • Torque Specifications
      • General Motors
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Prizm
          • Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
          • All Models Except Prizm & Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Activating System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Disabling System (Astro & Safari)
          • Activating System (Astro & Safari)
          • Disabling System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Activating System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Disabling System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Activating System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Disabling System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Activating System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Disabling System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Activating System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Disabling System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Activating System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Disabling System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Activating System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Disabling System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Activating System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Disabling System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Activating System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Disabling System (Corvette)
          • Activating System (Corvette)
          • Disabling System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Activating System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Disabling System (Eldorado)
          • Activating System (Eldorado)
          • Disabling System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Activating System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Disabling System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Activating System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Disabling System (Prizm)
          • Activating System (Prizm)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn Vue)
          • Activating System (Saturn Vue)
          • Disabling System (Tracker)
          • Activating System (Tracker)
      • Jeep
        • System Operation Check
          • Grand Cherokee, Liberty & Wrangler
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
• Steering
  • Manual Steering
    • Power Steering System
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Power Steering
          • Notes
          • Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch (3.0L 4V Only)
          • Power Steering Gear Identification
          • Power Steering Pump Identification
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Power Steering
      • Removal And Installation
        • Power Steering Fluid Reservoir - CIII
          • Removal and Installation
        • Power Steering Pump - CII
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Power Steering Pump - 3.0L (2V) CIII
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Power Steering Pump - 3.0L (4V) CIII
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Power Steering Pump Pulley - CII Pump
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Power Steering Pump Pulley - CIII Pump
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Power Steering Pump to Steering Gear Pressure Line
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Gear to Fluid Cooler Return Hose
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Fluid Cooler
          • Removal and Installation
        • Steering Gear - 3.0L 2V
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Gear - 3.0L 4V
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Steering Gear
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Steering System General Information
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Test A: Drift Left Or Right
          • Notes
          • Component Tests
            • Steering Linkage
            • Pump Flow and Pressure Test
            • Steering Gear Valve
      • General Procedures
        • Power Steering System Flushing
          • Materials
          • Flushing Procedure
        • Power Steering System Purging
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials
          • Purging Procedure
        • Power Steering System Filling
          • Materials
          • Filling Procedure
  • Power Steering
    • Power Steering System
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Power Steering
          • Notes
          • Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch (3.0L 4V Only)
          • Power Steering Gear Identification
          • Power Steering Pump Identification
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Power Steering
      • Removal And Installation
        • Power Steering Fluid Reservoir - CIII
          • Removal and Installation
        • Power Steering Pump - CII
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Power Steering Pump - 3.0L (2V) CIII
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Power Steering Pump - 3.0L (4V) CIII
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Power Steering Pump Pulley - CII Pump
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Power Steering Pump Pulley - CIII Pump
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Power Steering Pump to Steering Gear Pressure Line
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Gear to Fluid Cooler Return Hose
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Fluid Cooler
          • Removal and Installation
        • Steering Gear - 3.0L 2V
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Gear - 3.0L 4V
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Steering Gear
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Steering System General Information
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Test A: Drift Left Or Right
          • Notes
          • Component Tests
            • Steering Linkage
            • Pump Flow and Pressure Test
            • Steering Gear Valve
      • General Procedures
        • Power Steering System Flushing
          • Materials
          • Flushing Procedure
        • Power Steering System Purging
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials
          • Purging Procedure
        • Power Steering System Filling
          • Materials
          • Filling Procedure
  • Steering Column
    • Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Steering Column
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Steering Column
    • General Procedures
      • Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) Deactivation and Reactivation
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Deactivation
        • Reactivation
    • Removal And Installation
      • Ignition Switch Lock Cylinder-Functional
        • Removal and Installation
      • Ignition Switch Lock Cylinder-Non-Functional
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Wheel
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Column
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Steering Column Shaft-Intermediate
        • Removal and Installation
      • Steering Column Coupling
        • Removal and Installation
    • Disassembly And Assembly
      • Steering Column - Column Shift
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Disassembly
        • Assembly
      • Steering Column-Console Shift
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Disassembly
        • Assembly
• Suspension
  • Front Suspension
    • Description
    • Adjustments & Inspection
      • Ball Joint Checking
      • Ride Height
      • Wheel Alignment
      • Wheel Bearings
    • Removal & Installation
      • Coil Spring & Strut Assembly
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Disassembly & Assembly
        • Installation
      • Control Arm
        • Removal & Installation
      • Hub & Wheel Bearings
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Stabilizer Bar & Link Assembly
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Steering Knuckle
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Installation
    • Torque Specifications
  • Rear Suspension
    • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Rear Suspension
        • Safety Precautions
        • Suspension Components
          • Four Door
          • Station Wagon
        • Wheel Assembly
          • Wheel Assembly - Four Door
          • Wheel Assembly - Station Wagon
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Wheel Bearing Inspection - Rear
    • Removal And Installation
      • Wheel Hub - Disc Brake
        • Removal and Installation
      • Wheel Hub - Drum Brake
        • Removal and Installation
      • Wheel Studs
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Upper Arm - Wagon
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Lower Arm - Four Door
        • Removal
          • Notes
          • All vehicles
          • Front lower control arms
          • Front and rear lower control arms
          • Front lower control arm
          • Rear lower control arm
        • Installation
          • Notes
          • Rear lower control arm
          • Front lower control arm
          • Front and rear lower control arms
          • All vehicles
      • Lower Arm - Wagon
        • Removal and Installation
      • Tension Strut - Four Door
        • Removal and Installation
      • Tension Strut - Wagon
        • Removal and Installation
      • Stabilizer Bar and Connecting Link - Four Door
        • Removal and Installation
      • Stabilizer Bar and Connecting Link - Wagon
        • Removal and Installation
      • Spindle - Four Door
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Spindle - Wagon
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Shock Absorber - Wagon
        • Removal and Installation
      • Strut and Spring Assembly - Four Door
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Spring - Wagon
        • Removal
        • Installation
    • Disassembly And Assembly
      • Strut and Spring Assembly
        • Disassembly
        • Assembly
  • Wheel Alignment Specifications & Procedures
    • Jacking & Hoisting
      • Floor Jack
      • Hoist
    • Riding Height Adjustment
      • Notes
      • Checking Procedure
    • Wheel Alignment Procedures
      • Camber Adjustment
        • Notes
        • Front
        • Rear
      • Caster Adjustment
      • Toe-In Adjustment
        • Front
        • Rear (Sedan)
        • Rear (Wagon)
    • Torque Specifications
    • Wheel Alignment Specifications
• Transmission
  • Automatic Trans
    • Automatic Transmission Cooling
      • Transaxle Cooling
        • Specifications
        • Description & Operation
        • Diagnosis & Testing
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Test
            • Transmission Fluid Cooler Leaks At Radiator
            • Transmission Fluid Cooler Flow Test
        • Removal & Installation
          • Combination Fluid Cooler
          • Transmission Fluid Cooler Tubes
    • Automatic Transmission Diagnosis - 4F50N
      • Application
      • Identification
        • Transaxle
      • Description & Operation
        • Introduction
        • Electronic Control System
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Formats
          • Retrieving DTCs
          • Key On, Engine Off (KOEO) Self-Test
          • Key On, Engine Running (KOER) Self-Test
          • BPP, PSP & TCS Test Procedures
          • Continuous Memory Self-Test
        • Powertrain Control Module
        • Input Devices
          • Air Conditioning Clutch
          • Brake Pedal Position Switch
          • Electronic Ignition
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature Sensor
          • Mass Air Flow Sensor
          • Output Shaft Speed Sensor
          • Power Steering Pressure Switch
          • Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor
          • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Digital Transmission Range Sensor
          • Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor
        • Output Devices
          • Check Transaxle Light
          • Electronic Pressure Control Solenoid
          • Solenoid Valve Body Assembly
          • Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid
        • Shift Interlock System
      • Component Locations
      • Programming
        • Notes
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Notes
          • Flash Vehicle Identification Block Procedure
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Introduction
        • Preliminary Inspection
        • Symptom Diagnosis (Electronic)
          • Notes
          • Harsh Forward Engagement
          • Harsh Reverse Engagement
          • Delayed/Soft Forward Engagement
          • Delayed/Soft Reverse Engagement
          • No Forward Engagement
          • No Reverse Engagement
          • Soft Or Slipping Shifts
          • Harsh Shifts
          • No 1st Gear In Drive, Engages In Higher Gear
          • No TCC Engagement
          • TCC Always Engaged
          • TCC Cycling Or Shuddering
          • Poor Vehicle Performance
          • Engine Will Not Crank
          • Transaxle Overheating
        • Symptom Diagnosis (Mechanical)
          • Notes
          • No Forward Engagement
          • No Reverse Engagement
          • Harsh Reverse Engagement
          • Harsh Forward Engagement
          • Delayed Or Soft Reverse Engagement
          • Delayed Or Soft Forward Engagement
          • Delayed Soft Forward & Reverse Engagement
          • Soft/Slipping Shift Feel
          • Harsh Shift Feel
          • No 1st Gear (In "D" Position)
          • No Low Gear
          • No Torque Converter Clutch
          • Torque Converter Clutch Always Engaged (Stalls Engine)
          • Torque Converter Clutch Cycling/Shudder/Chatter
          • No Engine Braking In Manual Low Position
          • Stiff Shift Lever Operation
          • Poor Vehicle Performance
          • Transaxle Overheating
        • Clutch & Band Applications
      • Performance Tests
        • Notes
        • Road Test
        • Shift Speed Specifications
          • Shift Speed Test
        • Stall Speed Test
          • Torque Converter
        • Hydraulic Pressure Tests
          • Line Pressure Test
        • Clutch & Servo Air Checks
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Retrieving Diagnostic Trouble Codes (Quick Test)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Visual Check
          • Vehicle Preparation & Equipment Hook-Up
          • Key On Engine Off (KOEO) Self-Test
          • Key On Engine Running (KOER) Self-Test
          • Continuous Memory Self-Test
        • Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
        • Clearing Diagnostic Trouble Codes
          • Notes
          • PCM Reset
        • Scan Tool Unable To Communicate
        • Additional System Functions
        • Torque CONVERTOR Engagement Test
        • Transaxle Drive Cycle Test
          • Notes
          • Test Procedure
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Notes
        • How To Use Diagnostic Tests
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
        • Test A: Shift Solenoids
        • Test B: Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor
        • Test C: Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid
        • Test D: Transmission Range Sensor
        • Test E: Electronic Pressure Control Solenoid
        • Test F: Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor
        • Test G: Output Shaft Speed Sensor
        • Test H: Solenoid Mechanical Failure
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Removal & Installation
      • Connector Identification
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Automatic Transmission Overhaul - 4F50N
      • Disassembly
        • Transaxle
      • Disassembly & Assembly Of Subassemblies
        • Chain Cover
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Pump Shaft
        • Main Control Valve Body
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Pump Assembly
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Driven Sprocket Support
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Driven Sprocket
          • Notes
          • Check
        • Drive Sprocket/Turbine Shaft
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Sun & Shell Assembly - Disassembly
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Forward Clutch Cylinder
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Direct Clutch Cylinder
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Intermediate Clutch Cylinder
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Sun & Shell Assembly - Assembly
          • Notes
          • Assembly
        • Reverse Clutch
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Planet Assembly
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Low-Intermediate Clutch Cylinder
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Low-Intermediate One-Way Clutch
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Final Drive
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Overdrive Servo
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Coast Band Servo
        • Neutral Drive Accumulator
        • Torque Converter
        • Torque Converter Cleaning & Inspection
        • Torque Converter Flushing
        • Torque Converter Leak Check
        • Torque Converter End Play Check
      • Assembly
        • Transaxle
    • Automatic Transmission Removal & Installation
      • Application
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Transaxle (Ax4S)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Transaxle (4F50N)
          • Removal (3.0L/2V)
          • Installation (3.0L/2V)
          • Removal (3.0L/4V)
          • Installation (3.0L/4V)
      • Torque Specifications
        • Ax4S
        • 4F50N
    • Automatic Transmission Servicing
      • Application
      • Identification
        • Oil Pan Gasket
        • Transaxle
      • Lubrication
        • Service Intervals
        • Checking Fluid Level & Condition
        • Recommended Fluids
        • Fluid Capacities
        • Draining & Refilling
        • Oil Cooler Back Flushing & Cleaning
        • Transaxle Flush
      • On-Vehicle Repairs
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Shift Cable
          • Continental, Sable & Taurus
          • Windstar
        • Shift Indicator
          • Notes
          • Continental
          • Windstar
        • Transmission Range Sensor
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Oil Pump & Valve Body Assembly
        • Output Shaft Speed
          • Removal & Installation
        • Transmission Range Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
    • Shift Interlock System
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Shift Interlock Actuator
          • All Models (Except Escort, LS, Villager & ZX2)
          • Escort, LS, Villager & ZX2
        • Emergency Override Function
          • Notes
          • Cougar
          • Escort, Focus & ZX2
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Preliminary Inspection
        • Symptom Diagnosis
      • System Tests
        • Pinpoint Test A (Cougar)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (ECONOLINE)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (Escape)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (Escort & ZX2)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (Focus)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (F150 Pickup)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (LS)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (Sable & TAURUS)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (Town Car)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Pinpoint Test A (Villager)
          • Possible Cause
          • Diagnostic Procedure
      • Component Tests
        • Shift Interlock & Ignition Relay
          • Notes
          • Component Testing Procedure (No Voltage Applied)
          • Component Testing Procedure (Voltage Applied)
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch
          • Villager
        • Selector Dial Bezel
          • Escort & ZX2
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis, Sable & Taurus)
          • Removal & Installation (Econoline, F150 Pickup & Town Car)
          • Removal & Installation (Escape & LS)
          • Removal & Installation (Escort & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Removal & Installation (Focus)
          • Removal & Installation (Villager)
        • Center Console
          • Removal & Installation (Sable, Taurus & Town Car - Floor Shift)
          • Removal & Installation (LS)
        • Front End Module
          • Removal & Installation (LS)
        • Gearshift Lever Unit
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
          • Removal & Installation (Escort & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Focus)
        • Selector Dial Bezel
          • Removal & Installation (Escort & ZX2)
        • Shift Interlock Actuator
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Town Car - Floor Shift)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Removal & Installation (Econoline)
          • Removal & Installation (Escape)
          • Removal & Installation (Escort & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (F150)
          • Removal & Installation (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Removal & Installation (LS)
          • Removal & Installation (Sable & Taurus)
          • Removal & Installation (Villager)
        • Transmission Range Sensor
          • Removal & Installation (Escape)
      • Connector Identification
      • Wiring Diagrams
• External Pages