Repair and Diagnosis (Single Page)

You are viewing the full "tree" of links on one page. This can load slowly, but is easier to search. The same page can appear multiple times under a different folder, that is why the page is so large.
View "split tree" where inner folders are split out. where inner links are on separate pages.

Expand All (for easy ctrl-f) Collapse All

• Quick Lookups
  • Common Specs & Procedures
    • Specifications Index
  • DTC Index
    • A/C Heater Systems - Manual DTCS
    • Air Bag Restraints Systems DTCS
    • Anti-Lock Brakes DTCS
      • Anti-Lock Control - Traction Control DTCS
      • Anti-Lock - Traction Control & Stability Assist DTCS
    • Anti-Theft-Perimeter DTCS
    • Anti-Theft Systems - Passive DTCS
      • Notes
      • Powertrain Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTCS)
      • Expanded Passive DTCS Descriptions
    • Automatic Transmission - Electronic Controls DTCS
    • Cruise Control Systems DTCS
    • Door Locks & Remote Keyless Entry Systems DTCS
      • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems DTCS
    • Horn Systems DTCS
    • Information And Message Center DTCS
    • Instrument Cluster DTCS
    • Instrument Cluster And Panel Illumination DTCS
    • Lighting Systems (DTCS)
      • Exterior Lighting DTCS
      • Interior Lighting DTCS
    • MULTIFUNCTION Electronic Control Modules DTCS
    • Parking Aid Module (PAM) DTCS
    • Power Mirrors DTCS
    • Power Seats DTCS
    • Power Windows DTCS
    • Rear Window Defogger DTCS
    • Self-Diagnostics DTCS
    • Steering Column Switches DTCS
    • Wiper/Washer Systems DTCS
    • Warning Devices DTCS
  • Electrical Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Imported Cars & Trucks
        • ACURA
        • AUDI
        • BENTLEY
        • BMW
        • DAIHATSU
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • FERRARI
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • HONDA
        • HYUNDAI
        • INFINITI
        • ISUZU
        • Jaguar
        • KIA
        • Land Rover
        • LEXUS
        • MAZDA
        • MERCEDES-BENZ
        • MITSUBISHI
        • NISSAN
        • PEUGEOT
        • PORSCHE
        • RENAULT
        • Rolls-ROYCE
        • SAAB
        • SUBARU
        • SUZUKI
        • TOYOTA
        • VOLKSWAGEN
        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
      • Grounds
      • Splices
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fluids
  • Technical Bulletins
    • Campaigns
    • Safety Recalls
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Tire Fitment
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C Clutch Field Coil Connector End View (C100)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C101)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102a)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102b)
        • Oil Pressure Switch Connector End View (C103)
        • Inline Connector End View (C110)
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch Connector End View (C121)
        • Speed Control Servo Connector End View (C122)
        • EVAP Canister Purge Valve Connector End View (C123)
        • Brake Fluid Level Switch Connector End View (C124)
        • Windshield Wiper Motor Connector End View (C125)
        • Anti... Theft Hood Switch Connector End View (C127)
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor Connector End View (C128)
        • A/C Clutch Cycling Pressure Switch Connector End View (C130)
        • Horn Connector End View (C131)
        • Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C132)
        • Inline Connector End View (C133)
        • Inline Connector End View (C134)
        • ABS Control Module Connector End View (C135)
        • Windshield Washer Pump Motor Connector End View (C137)
        • Washer Fluid Level Switch Connector End View (C138)
        • Inline Connector End View (C139)
        • Inline Connector End View (C140)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #22 Connector End View (C141)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 Connector End View (C142)
        • Turbine Shaft Speed (TSS) Sensor Connector End View (C143)
        • Inline Connector End View (C144)
        • Inline Connector End View (C145)
        • Inline Connector End View (C146)
        • Brake Booster Sensor Connector End View (C149)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Left Front Connector End View (C150)
        • Side Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C151)
        • ABS Control Module Connector End View (C155)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Right Front Connector End View (C160)
        • Slide Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C161)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) Senor Connector End View (C167)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 Connector End View (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #21 Connector End View (C172)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector End View (C175)
        • Non... Speed Control Jumper Connector End View (C176)
        • Forward Crash Sensor Connector End View (C177)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C182)
        • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View (C183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C185)
        • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View (C186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C189)
        • Inlet Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Module Connector End View (C191)
        • Inline Connector End View (C192)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) sensor Connector End View (C193)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197a)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197b)
        • AX4S/4F50N Transmission Connector End View (C199)
        • Front Electronic Module (FEM) Connector End View (C201a)
        • Front Electronic Module (FEM) Connector End View (C201b)
        • Front Electronic Module (FEM) Connector End View (C201c)
        • Front Electronic Module (FEM) Connector End View (C201d)
        • Front Electronic Module (FEM) Connector End View (C201e)
        • Front Electronic Module (FEM) Connector End View (C201f)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202)
        • Main Light Switch Connector End View (C205a)
        • Main Light Switch Connector End View (C205b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C210)
        • Inline Connector End View (C211)
        • Inline Connector End View (C212)
        • Inline Connector End View (C213)
        • Inline Connector End View (C214)
        • Inline Connector End View (C215)
        • Driver Air Bag Unit Connector End View (C216)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218a)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C219)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220a)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220b)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220c)
        • Microphone Connector End View (C221)
        • Tralier Electronic Brake Control Module Connector End View (C239)
        • Ignition Switch Connector End View (C250)
        • Data Link Connector (DLC) Connector End View (C251)
        • Passive Anti... Theft Transceiver Module Connector End View (C252)
        • Message Center Switch Connector End View (C253)
        • Glove Box Lamp Connector End View (C254)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connector End View (C256)
        • Inline Connector End View (C263)
        • Inline Connector End View (C264)
        • Inline Connector End View (C265)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C270a)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C270b)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C270c)
        • Central Junction Box Connector End View (C270d)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C270e)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C270f)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C270g)
        • Front Blower Motor Speed Controller Connector End View (C271)
        • Remote Keyless Entry Module Connector End View (C272)
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C278)
        • Transmission Control Switch Connector End View (C279)
        • Autolamp Sensor Connector End View (C287)
        • Temperature Blend Door Actuator Connector End View (C289)
        • Radio Connector End View (C290a)
        • Radio Connector End View (C290b)
        • Front Blower Motor Resistor Assembly Connector End View (C293)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294a)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C300)
        • Passenger Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C303)
        • Slide Air Bag Sensor, Right Connector End View (C304)
        • Slide Air Bag Sensor, Left Connector End View (C305)
        • Parking Brake Switch Connector End View (C306)
        • Inline Connector End View (C311)
        • Inline Connector End View (C312)
        • Inline Connector End View (C313)
        • Inline Connector End View (C314)
        • Inline Connector End View (C315)
        • Inline Connector End View (C316)
        • Driver Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C323)
        • Inline Connector End View (C327)
        • Inline Connector End View (C328)
        • Heated Seat Module, Passenger Side Front Connector End View (C329)
        • Seat Adjust Switch, Passenger Side Front Connector End View (C330)
        • Lumbar Adjust Switch, Right Front Connector End View (C331)
        • Passenger Seat Horizontal Motor Connector End View (C332)
        • Seat Cushion Heater, Right Front Connector End View (C334)
        • Seat Back Heater, Right Front Connector End View (C335)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Drive Side Connector End View (C336)
        • Slide Air Bag Module, Right Connector End View (C337)
        • Inline Connector End View (C339)
        • Inline Connector End View (C340)
        • Driver Seat Module Connector End View (C341a)
        • Driver Seat Module Connector End View (C341b)
        • Driver Seat Module Connector End View (C341c)
        • Driver Seat Module Connector End View (C341d)
        • Seat Heater Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C342)
        • Seat Heater Switch, Driver Side Connector End View (C344)
        • Seat Track Position Sensor, Left Connector End View (C356)
        • Heated Seat Module, Driver Side Front Connector End View (C359)
        • Seat Adjust Switch, Driver Side Front Connector End View (C360)
        • Lumbar Adjust Switch, Left Front Connector End View (C361)
        • Driver Seat Horizontal Motor Connector End View (C362)
        • Driver Seat Rear Height Motor Connector End View (C363)
        • Seat Cushion Heater, Left Front Connector End View (C364)
        • Seat Back Heater, Left Front Connector End View (C365)
        • Driver Seat Lumber Compressor Motor Connector End View (C366)
        • Side Air Bag Module, Left Connector End View (C367)
        • Sliding Door Entry Lamp, Left Connector End View (C371)
        • Driver Memory Seat Horizontal Sensor Connector End View (C372)
        • Driver Memory Seat Rear Height Sensor Connector End View (C373)
        • In Line Fuse Connector End View (C375)
        • Driver Seat Front Height Motor Connector End View (C382)
        • Driver Memory Seat Front Height Sensor Connector End View (C383)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Right Connector End View (C384)
        • Docking Station Connector End View (C390)
        • Sliding Door Entry Lamp, Right Connector End View (C391)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch Connector End View (C392)
        • Speaker, Left Rear Connector End View (C395)
        • Sliding Door Ajar Switch, Left Connector End View (C397)
        • Sliding Door Ajar Switch, Right Connector End View (C398)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Left Connector End View (C399)
        • Rear Window Defrost Grid Connector End View (C402a)
        • Rear Window Defrost Grid Connector End View (C402b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C405)
        • Inline Connector End View (C406)
        • Inline Connector End View (C408)
        • Inline Connector End View (C410)
        • Inline Connector End View (C411)
        • Turn Lamp, Left Rear Connector End View (C413)
        • Turn Lamp, Right Rear Connector End View (C416)
        • Park/Stop Lamp, Right Rear Connector End View (C418)
        • Park/Stop Lamp, Left Rear Connector End View (C419)
        • Inline Connector End View (C421)
        • Inline Connector End View (C422)
        • Trailer Low Control Unit Connector End View (C425)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Right Rear Connector End View (C426)
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector End View (C433)
        • Trailer Tow Connector End View (C439)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Left Rear Connector End View (C440)
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Vent Valve Connector End View (C450)
        • Reversing Lamp, Left Connector End View (C451)
        • Liftgate Lock Actuator Connector End View (C457)
        • Liftgate Ajar Switch, Left Connector End View (C458)
        • Liftgate Ajar Switch, Right Connector End View (C459)
        • Reversing Lamp, Right Connector End View (C461)
        • Power Point, Rear Connector End View (C474)
        • High Mounted Stoplamp Connector End View (C475)
        • Rear Wiper Motor Assembly Connector End View (C476)
        • License Lamps Connector End View (C490)
        • Key Pad Switch Assembly Connector End View (C500)
        • Lock Cylinder Switch, Left Connector End View (C502)
        • Door Entry Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C506)
        • Master Window/Door Lock/Unlock Switch Connector End View (C508a)
        • Master Window/Door Lock/Unlock Switch Connector End View (C508b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C510)
        • Inline Connector End View (C511)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Left Connector End View (C516)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Left Connector End View (C517)
        • Power Window Motor, Left Front Connector End View (C518)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Left Connector End View (C522)
        • Speaker, Left Front Connector End View (C523)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Left Front Connector End View (C525)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Left Front Connector End View (C526)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector End View (C527)
        • Inline Connector End View (C561)
        • Inline Connector End View (C562)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Right Front Connector End View (C602)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Right Front Connector End View (C603)
        • Door Lock Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C605)
        • Door Entry Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C606)
        • Inline Connector End View (C610)
        • Inline Connector End View (C611)
        • Speaker, Right Front Connector End View (C612)
        • Inline Connector End View (C621)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Right Connector End View (C622)
        • Power Window Motor, Right Front Connector End View (C623)
        • Power Window Switch, Rh Side Front Connector End View (C624)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Right Connector End View (C625)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Right Connector End View (C626)
        • Speaker, Left Rear Connector End View (C702)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Left Connector End View (C706)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Left Connector End View (C707)
        • Door Lock Actuator Assembly, Left Sliding Door Connector End View (C708)
        • Latch Reverse Actuator, Left Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C709)
        • Detent Switch, LH Connector End View (C711)
        • Speaker, Right Rear Connector End View (C802)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Right Connector End View (C806)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Right Connector End View (C807)
        • Door Lock Actuator Assembly, Right Sliding Door Connector End View (C808)
        • Latch Reverse Actuator, Right Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C809)
        • Detent Switch, RH Connector End View (C811)
        • Vanity Mirror Lamp, Right Connector End View (C906)
        • Vanity Mirror Lamp, Left Connector End View (C907)
        • Electronic Compass Connector End View (C909)
        • Vanity Mirror Lamp, Left Connector End View (C911)
        • Inline Connector End View (C913)
        • Interior Lamp, Front Connector End View (C918)
        • Inline Connector End View (C919)
        • Inline Connector End View (C922)
        • Cargo Lamp Connector End View (C926)
        • Overhead Console Connector End View (C930)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Rear Connector End View (C951)
        • Radio Control, Rear Connector End View (C953)
        • Power Sliding Door Switch, Left Connector End View (C958)
        • Video Display Connector End View (C960)
        • Map Reading Lamp, Middle Left Connector End View (C961)
        • Map Reading Lamp, Middle Right Connector End View (C962)
        • Map Reading Lamp, Rear Left Connector End View (C963)
        • Map Reading Lamp, Rear Right Connector End View (C964)
        • Power Sliding Door Switch, Left Connector End View (C969)
        • Rear Radio Delete Jumper Connector End View (C992)
        • Cargo Lamp, Auxiliary Connector End View (C993)
        • Wiper High/Low Relay Connector End View (C1001)
        • Wiper Run/Park Relay Connector End View (C1002)
        • Horn Relay Connector End View (C1006)
        • A/C Clutch Relay Connector End View (C1008)
        • PCM Power Relay Connector End View (C1016)
        • Starter Relay Connector End View (C1017)
        • PCM Power Diode Connector End View (C1018)
        • Headlamp, Left Connector End View (C1021)
        • Brake Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1025)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) Connector End View (C1035)
        • Headlamp, Right Connector End View (C1041)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1043)
        • Fuel Pump Relay Connector End View (C1051)
        • High Speed Fan Control Relay Connector End View (C1056)
        • Low Speed Fan Control Relay Connector End View (C1058)
        • Rear Wiper Relay Connector End View (C1059)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Connector End View (C1064)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1065)
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve Connector End View (C1066)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) Sensor Connector End View (C1068)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Motor 1 Connector End View (C1074)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Motor 2 Connector End View (C1077)
        • A/C High Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1078)
        • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid Valve Connector End View (C1083)
        • Rear Window Washer Pump Motor Connector End View (C1097)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100a)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100b)
        • Parking Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1113)
        • Parking Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1114)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1115)
        • Steering Position Sensor Connector End View (C1128)
        • Dropping Resistor Connector End View (C1214)
        • Adjustable Pedal Motor Connector End View (C2003)
        • Front Blower Motor Connector End View (C2004)
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector End View (C2008)
        • Rear Window Defrost Relay Connector End View (C2021)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031)
        • Power Point, Instrument Panel Connector End View (C2033)
        • Restraints Control Module Connector End View (C2041a)
        • Restrains Control Module Connector End View (C2041b)
        • Courtesy Lamp, Left Footwell Connector End View (C2056)
        • Courtesy Lamp, Right Footwell Connector End View (C2057)
        • Accessory Delay Relay Connector End View (C2075)
        • Adjustable Pedal Switch Connector End View (C2089)
        • Memory Set Switch Connector End View (C2094)
        • Traction Assist/Parking Aid Disable Switch Connector End View (C2114)
        • Tire Reset Switch Connector End View (C2117)
        • Adjustable Pedal Motor Connector End View (C2159)
        • SSP 3 Relay Connector End View (C2214)
        • SSP 4 Relay Connector End View (C2215)
        • Front Blower Motor Relay Connector End View (C2216)
        • Auxiliary Blower Motor Relay Connector End View (C2217)
        • Blend Door Actuator, Rear Connector End View (C3004)
        • Inline Connector End View (C3007)
        • Auxiliary Blower Motor Connector End View (C3021)
        • Auxiliary Blower Motor Resistor Assembly Connector End View (C3022)
        • Resistor A Connector End View (C3024)
        • Module Door Actuator, Rear Connector End View (C3044)
        • Power Point, Console 1 Connector End View (C3063)
        • Power Point, Console 2 Connector End View (C3064)
        • Safety Belt Buckle Switch, Driver Connector End View (C3065)
        • Safety Belt Buckle Switch, Passenger Connector End View (C3066)
        • Fuel Door Interlock Switch Connector End View (C3067)
        • Resistor B Connector End View (C3068)
        • Anti... Theft Horn Connector End View (C3069)
        • Rear Electronic Module (REM) Connector End View (C3070a)
        • Rear Electronic Module (REM) Connector End View (C3070b)
        • Rear Electronic Module (REM) Connector End View (C3070c)
        • Rear Electronic Module (REM) Connector End View (C3070d)
        • Rear Electronic Module (REM) Connector End View (C3070e)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, RH Side Connector End View (C3071a)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, RH Side Connector End View (C3071b)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, RH Side Connector End View (C3071c)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, RH Side Connector End View (C3071d)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, RH Side Connector End View (C3071e)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, LH Side Connector End View (C3072a)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, LH Side Connector End View (C3072b)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, LH Side Connector End View (C3072c)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, LH Side Connector End View (C3072d)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, LH Side Connector End View (C3072e)
        • Yaw Velocity Sensor Connector End View (C3073)
        • Passenger Seat Front Height Motor Connector End View (C3074)
        • Passenger Seat Rear Height Motor Connector End View (C3075)
        • Video Cassette Player Connector End View (C3076)
        • Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) Module Connector End View (C3077a)
        • Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) Module Connector End View (C3077b)
        • Position Sensor, Left Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C3078)
        • Position Sensor, Right Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C3079)
        • Motor, Left Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C3080)
        • Motor, Right Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C3081)
        • Clutch, Left Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C3082)
        • Clutch, Right Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C3083)
        • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS) Connector End View (C3159a)
        • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS) Connector End View (C3159b)
        • Auxiliary Blower Speed Relay 1 Connector End View (C3171)
        • Auxiliary Blower Speed Relay 2 Connector End View (C3172)
        • Parking Aid Sensor, Outer Left Connector End View (C4009)
        • Parking Aid Sensor, Inner Left Connector End View (C4010)
        • Parking Aid Sensor, Outer Right Connector End View (C4011)
        • Parking Aid Sensor Inner Right Connector End View (C4012)
        • Parking Aid Module (PAM) Connector End View (C4014)
        • Parking Aid Speaker Connector End View (C4015)
        • Quarter Window Motor, LH Side Rear Connector End View (C4048)
        • Quarter Window Motor, RH Side Rear Connector End View (C4090)
        • Lock Cylinder Switch, Liftgate Connector End View (C4091)
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Body Control Modules
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cooling Fan
      • Cruise Control
      • Defoggers
      • Engine Performance
        • 3.8L
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Memory Systems
      • Navigation
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Seats
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlock
      • Starting/Charging
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
      • Trunk, Tailgate, Fuel Door
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Accessories & Equipment
  • Accessories Control Systems
    • Remote Convenience System
      • Description And Operation
        • Universal Transmitter
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Universal Transmitter
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Universal Transmitter Is Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Programming
          • Notes
          • Training a Garage Door Opener Equipped With "Rolling Codes"
          • Erasing Channels
  • Anti-Theft Systems
    • Anti-Theft System - Pats
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Theft - Passive
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Theft - Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS)
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Principles of Operation
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Inspection and Verification
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) Index
          • Powertrain Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) Descriptions
          • Expanded DTC Descriptions
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Symptom Chart
          • Symptom Chart
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: No Antenna Detected
          • Pinpoint Test B: Pats Ignition Key Transponder Signal Is Not Received
          • Pinpoint Test C: Pats Received Incorrect Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
          • Pinpoint Test D: Pats Received Invalid Format Of Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
          • Pinpoint Test E: Pats Transceiver Module Signal Is Not Received
          • Pinpoint Test F: Anti-Theft Number Of Programmed Keys Is Below Minimum
          • Pinpoint Test G: The Anti-Theft Indicator Is Always/Never On
          • Pinpoint Test H: The Vehicle Does Not Start
      • General Procedures
        • Key Programming Using Two Programmed Keys
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Equipment
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Key Programming Switch State Control
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disabling Unlimited Key Mode
        • Spare Key Programming
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Anti-Theft Security Access
          • Special Tool(s)
      • Removal And Installation
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) Transceiver
          • Removal
    • Anti-Theft System - Perimeter
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Theft-Perimeter
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Theft-Perimeter
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Anti-Theft Perimeter Protection Feature
          • Inspection and Verification
          • FEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • REM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Module - Front Electronic Module (Fem)
            • Pinpoint Test B: No Communication With The Module - Rear Electronic Module
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Anti-Theft System Does Not Disarm - Driver Door Lock Cylinder
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Anti-Theft System Does Not Disarm - Passenger Door Lock Cylinder
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Anti-Theft System Does Not Disarm - Liftgate Lock Cylinder
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Anti-Theft System Does Not Operate Correctly- No Anti-Theft Horn
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Anti-Theft System Does Not Operate Correctly- Anti-Theft Horn Continuously On
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Anti-Theft System Does Not Arm - Turn Signals Do Not Flash When Arming
      • Removal And Installation
        • Switch-Driver Door Disarm
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Switch - Liftgate Disarm
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Horn - Anti-Theft
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems
      • Specifications
        • Lock Repair/Replacement Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Handles, Locks, Latches And Mechanisms
          • Notes
          • Child Safety Lock
          • Lock Cylinder Service
          • Striker Plates
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Locks, Latches And Mechanisms
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • FEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • REM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • RKE Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Test
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From One Switch
            • Pinpoint Test B: Passenger Door, Sliding Door, And Liftgate Lock Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: Passenger Door, And Liftgate Lock Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: Driver Door Lock Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: Right Sliding Door Lock Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: Panic Feature Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: Left Sliding Door Lock Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Auto-Lock Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Smart Lock Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Power Sliding Door Does Not Open/Close Using The Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Keyless Entry Keypad
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Keyless Entry Keypad Illumination Is Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Liftgate Striker Adjustment
        • Remote Transmitter Programming
        • Keyless Entry Keypad Code Programming
        • Autolock and Horn Chirp Programming
          • Special Tool(s)
      • Removal And Installation
        • Front Door Latch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Liftgate Latch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Front Door Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Interior Door Handle - Front
          • Removal and Installation
        • Liftgate Release Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Sliding Door Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Interior Sliding Door Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Lock Cylinder - Front
          • Removal and Installation
        • Liftgate Lock Cylinder
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Latch Remote Control - Sliding
          • Removal
        • Liftgate Latch Remote Control
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Lock Actuator - Sliding
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Lock Actuator - Liftgate
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Ajar Switch - Front
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Ajar Switch - Sliding
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Ajar Switch - Liftgate
          • Removal and Installation
        • Keyless Entry Keypad
          • Removal and Installation
    • Passive Anti-Theft System Job Aid
      • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) Specifications
        • Ford System (Pats) Specifications
        • LINCOLN System (Pats) Specifications
        • Mercury System (Pats) Specifications
      • Pats Key Types
      • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
      • Non-Pats Issues
      • Things To Do:
      • Things Not To Do:
      • Programming Procedures
        • Notes
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #1
          • Procedure #2
          • Procedure #3
        • Spare Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #4
        • Spare Key Programming Using Programmed Keys
          • Procedure #5
          • Procedure #6
        • Replacing Pats Control Module Or Pcm
          • Procedure #7
          • Procedure #8
    • Remote Keyless Entry System [Transmitter Programming Procedures]
      • Programming Methods & Transmitter Types
        • Programming Method And Transmitter Type Application
        • Transmitter Type Identification
        • Programming Methods
          • Programming Method A
          • Programming Method D
          • Programming Method I
          • Programming Method K
          • Programming Method L
          • Programming Method M
          • Programming Method N
          • Programming Method O
      • Helpful Hints
        • Remote Entry Programming Procedure
        • Poor Operating Range Performance
        • Miscellaneous
  • Communication Devices
    • Module Communications Network System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Communications Network
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Communications Network
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • System Precheck
            • Pinpoint Test Pc: Data Link Diagnostics Network Test
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Anti-Lock Brake Control Module (Abs) Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Parking Aid Module Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Left Power Sliding Door Module Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Right Power Sliding Door Module Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Module Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Restraint Control Module (RCM) Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Rear Electronic Module (Rem) Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Next Generation Speed Control (NGSC) Servo Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Front Electronic Module (Fem) Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Instrument Cluster Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool
            • Pinpoint Test L: No International Standards Organization (ISO) 9141 Module/Network Communication
            • Pinpoint Test M: No Standard Corporate Protocol (SCP) Module/Network Communication
            • Pinpoint Test N: No Module / Network Communication - No Power To The Diagnostic Tool
      • General Procedures
        • Communication Circuit Wiring Repair
          • Special Tool(s)
    • Module Configuration System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Module Configuration
          • Principles of Operation
            • Definition of Terms
            • Programmable Module Installation (PMI)
            • Calibration Update
            • Programmable Parameters
            • Vehicle Identification (VID) Block
            • As-Built Data Center
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Configurable Modules
            • Programmable Parameters Index
      • General Procedures
        • Programmable Module Installation
          • Using The New Generation STAR (NGS) Tester When The Original Body Chassis Electrical Module Is Not Available
            • Notes
            • Step A
            • Step B
          • Using The New Generation STAR (NGS) Tester When The Original Body Chassis Electrical Module Is Available
          • Using The Worldwide Diagnostic System (WDS) When The Original Body Chassis Electrical Module Is Not Available
          • Using The Worldwide Diagnostic System (WDS) When The Original Body Chassis Electrical Module Is Available
    • MULTIFUNCTION Electronic Control Modules System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Module Controlled Functions
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Diagnostic Trouble Code Chart
          • Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Chart
        • Front Electronic Module (FEM)
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Front Electronic Control Module (Fem)
        • Rear Electronic Module (REM)
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test B: No Communication With The Rear Electronic Module (Rem)
        • Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Module
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test C: No Communication With The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Module
      • Removal And Installation
        • Front Electronic Module (FEM)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Electronic Module (REM)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Module
          • Removal and Installation
  • Cruise Control Systems
    • Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Speed Control
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Speed Control
        • Notes
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Principles of Operation
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Speed Control Servo Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Test
          • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Speed Control Servo
          • Pinpoint Test B: The Speed Control Is Inoperative - Unable To Enter Self-Test
          • Pinpoint Test C: DTC 1318 - Battery Voltage Low
          • Pinpoint Test D: DTC C1126 - Speed Control Actuator Switch Stuck For Two Minutes Or Longer
          • Pinpoint Test E: DTC C1127 - DEACTIVATOR Switch Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test F: DTC C1179 - Speed Control Cable Slack Failure, DTC C1109 - Throttle Position Did Not Return To Idle After Self-Test
          • Pinpoint Test G: The Speed Control Is Inoperative - No DTCS
          • Pinpoint Test H: The Set Speed Fluctuates
          • Pinpoint Test J: The Coast Switch Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test K: The Set/ACCEL Switch Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test L: The Resume Switch Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test M: The Off Switch Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test N: DTC C1127 - DEACTIVATOR Switch Circuit Failure (Vehicles With Stability Assist)
    • Removal And Installation
      • Actuator - Speed Control Servo
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Actuator Cable
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Switch - Deactivator
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Switch - Speed Control Actuator
        • Removal
        • Installation
  • Exterior Lights
    • Exterior Lighting System
      • Description And Operation
        • Exterior Lighting
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Headlamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Exterior Lighting
            • Headlamps
            • Switched System Power
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • FEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • REM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • Instrument Cluster Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Both Headlamps Are Inoperative - RH High Beam/RH Low Beam
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Headlamps Are On Continuously - RH High Beam/RH Low Beam
            • Pinpoint Test C: Both Headlamps Are Inoperative - LH High Beam/LH Low Beam
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Headlamps Are On Continuously - LH High Beam/LH Low Beam
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Low Beams Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The High Beams Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Power Supply Relay Is Inoperative - Both Switched System Power Features Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Power Supply Relay Is Inoperative - Switched System Power Relay 3
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Power Supply Relay Is Inoperative - Switched System Power Relay 4
        • Autolamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Exterior Lighting
            • Autolamps
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test J: The AUTOLAMPS Are Inoperative
        • Stoplamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Exterior Lighting
            • Stoplamps
            • Switched System Power
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test K: The STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test L: One Or More STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative - Right Rear STOPLAMP
            • Pinpoint Test M: One Or More STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative - Left Rear STOPLAMP
            • Pinpoint Test N: One Or More STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative - High Mounted STOPLAMP
            • Pinpoint Test O: The STOPLAMPS Are On Continuously - All STOPLAMPS
            • Pinpoint Test P: The STOPLAMPS Are On Continuously - Right Rear STOPLAMP Only
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The STOPLAMPS Are On Continuously - Left Rear STOPLAMP Only
            • Pinpoint Test R: The STOPLAMPS Are On Continuously - High Mounted STOPLAMP Only
        • Turn Signal, Cornering and Hazard Lamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Exterior Lighting
            • Turn Signal, Cornering and Hazard Lamps
            • Switched System Power (SSP)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test S: One Turn Signal Lamp Is Never/Always On - Right Rear Turn Lamp
            • Pinpoint Test T: One Turn Signal Lamp Is Never/Always On - Left Rear Turn Lamp
            • Pinpoint Test U: One Turn Signal Lamp Is Never/Always On - Right Front Turn Lamp
            • Pinpoint Test V: One Turn Signal Lamp Is Never/Always On - Left Front Turn Lamp
            • Pinpoint Test W: One Turn Signal Lamp Is Never On - Signal Mirror
            • Pinpoint Test X: One Turn Signal Is Never On - Right Front Turn Signal And Parking Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test Y: One Turn Signal Is Never On - Left Front Turn Signal And Parking Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test Z: One Turn Signal Lamp Is Never On - Right Front Turn Signal/Parking And Cornering Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test Aa: One Turn Signal Lamp Is Never On - Left Front Turn Signal/Parking And Cornering Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test Ab: The Cornering Lamp(S) Is Never On - Both Cornering Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test Ac: The Cornering Lamp Is Never/Always On - RH
            • Pinpoint Test Ad: The Cornering Lamp Is Never/Always On - LH
            • Pinpoint Test AE: The Hazard Lamps Is Never/Always On - Rear
            • Pinpoint Test AF: The Hazard Lamps Is Never/Always On - Front
            • Pinpoint Test Ag: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Never/Always On - RH
            • Pinpoint Test Ah: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Never/Always On - LH
            • Pinpoint Test Ai: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Never/Always On - Mirror Signal Illumination
            • Pinpoint Test AJ: The Hazard Is Never/Always On
        • Parking, Rear and License Lamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Exterior Lighting
            • Parking, Rear or License Lamps
            • Switched System Power
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test AK: One Or More Parking, Rear, Or License Lamp Is Inoperative - Right Front Parking Lamp
            • Pinpoint Test Al: One Or More Parking, Rear Or License Lamp Is Inoperative - Left Front Parking Lamp
            • Pinpoint Test Am: One Or More Parking, Rear Or License Lamp Is Inoperative - Right Rear Lamp
            • Pinpoint Test An: One Or More Parking, Rear, Or License Lamp Is Inoperative - Left Rear Lamp
            • Pinpoint Test AO: The Parking, Rear, Or License Lamps Are On Continuously - Right Rear Parking Lamp Only
            • Pinpoint Test AP: The Parking, Rear, Or License Lamps Are On Continuously - Left Rear Parking Lamp Only
            • Pinpoint Test AQ: The Parking, Rear, Or License Lamps Are Inoperative - License Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test Ar: The Parking, Rear, Or License Lamps Are On Continuously - License Lamps Only
            • Pinpoint Test As: One Or More Parking, Rear, Or License Lamp Is Inoperative - All Auxiliary Parking Lamp
            • Pinpoint Test At: One Or More Parking, Rear, Or License Lamp Is Inoperative - Individual Auxiliary Parking Lamp
            • Pinpoint Test AU: The Parking, Rear, Or License Lamps Are Continuously - Auxiliary Parking Lamps
        • Reversing Lamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Exterior Lighting
            • Reversing Lamps
            • Switched System Power
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test Av: The Reversing Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test Aw: The Reversing Lamps Are On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test Ax: The Individual Reversing Lamp Is Inoperative
        • Trailer Lamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Switched System Power
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test AY: The Trailer Lamps Are Inoperative-All Rear/Stop/Turn Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test AZ: The Trailer Lamps Are Inoperative-Rear Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test BA: The Trailer Lamps Are Inoperative-RH Turn Signals/Stop/Hazard Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test BB: The Trailer Lamps Are Inoperative-LH Turn Signals/Stop/Hazard Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test BC: The Trailer Lamps Are Inoperative-Both Stop/Turn Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test BD: The Trailer Electric Brakes Are Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Headlamp Adjustment
          • Headlamp Aiming
          • Photometric Aiming
          • Screen Method Aiming
          • Mechanical Aiming
      • Removal And Installation
        • Headlamp Bulb - Headlamp
          • Removal and Installation
        • Headlamp Assembly
          • Removal and Installation
        • Headlamp Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Switch
          • Removal and Installation
  • Gauges & Instrument Panels
    • Information Center
      • Description And Operation
        • Information And Message Center
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Information And Message Center
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Information Displays
            • Setup Displays
            • Warning Messages
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Message Center Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • Instrument Cluster Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • FEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • REM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Message Center Module (MCM)
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Compass Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Message Center Is Not Operating Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Message Center Switch Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Indicator Does Not Operate Correctly - Outside Temperature Display
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Indicator Does Not Operate Correctly - Low Fuel Level Display
            • Pinpoint Test G: The LAMPOUT Warning Indicator Is Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Vehicle Demagnetizing
        • Compass Zone Adjustment
        • Compass Calibration
      • Removal And Installation
        • Message Center Switch
          • Removal and Installation
    • Instrument Cluster System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Notes
          • Instrument Cluster (Standard)
          • Instrument Cluster (Optional)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Warning Indicators
            • The Low Tire Warning Indicator
            • The Check Fuel Cap Indicator
            • The TRAC ACTIVE Indicator (if equipped)
            • The TRAC OFF Indicator (if equipped)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Instrument Cluster Dealer Test Mode
            • Notes
            • Instrument Cluster Self-Test
            • Instrument Cluster Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • FEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • REM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • PCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Instrument Cluster
            • Pinpoint Test B: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test C: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Low Oil Pressure Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Speedometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Door Ajar Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Charge System Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test J: The High Beam Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Low Washer Fluid Level Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Anti-Lock Brake System (Abs) Warning Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Traction Control Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test N: The O/D Off Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Check Engine Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Turn/Hazard Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The Odometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Tachometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Low Tire Warning Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test T: The Lamp Outage Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test U: The Check Fuel Cap Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Cluster Lens
          • Removal and Installation
    • Instrument Cluster System And Panel Illumination
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Instrument Cluster and Panel Backlighting - Dimmable
            • Non-Dimmable (Fixed) Backlighting
            • Fault Management
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Instrument Cluster Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Instrument Cluster
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Climate Control Illumination Is Inoperative - Front Or Rear (If Equipped)
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Audio System Illumination Is Inoperative - Front Or Rear Controls
            • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Illumination Source Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Instrument Panel Illumination Does Not Dim - Backlighting Is On At Full Brightness Level
      • Removal And Installation
        • Bulb - Climate Control
          • Removal and Installation
    • Instrument Panel And Console
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Panel
        • Console - Floor
        • Console - Overhead
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Instrument Panel - Cluster Finish Panel
          • Removal
        • Floor Console
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Floor Console - Video System
          • Removal and Installation
        • Overhead Console
          • Removal and Installation
  • Headlights
    • Daytime Running Lamps System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Instrument Cluster Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Front Electronics Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: No Communication With The Instrument Cluster (Ic)
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Daytime Running Lamps Are Inoperative
    • Exterior Lighting System
      • Description And Operation
        • Exterior Lighting
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Headlamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Exterior Lighting
            • Headlamps
            • Switched System Power
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • FEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • REM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • Instrument Cluster Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Both Headlamps Are Inoperative - RH High Beam/RH Low Beam
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Headlamps Are On Continuously - RH High Beam/RH Low Beam
            • Pinpoint Test C: Both Headlamps Are Inoperative - LH High Beam/LH Low Beam
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Headlamps Are On Continuously - LH High Beam/LH Low Beam
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Low Beams Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The High Beams Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Power Supply Relay Is Inoperative - Both Switched System Power Features Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Power Supply Relay Is Inoperative - Switched System Power Relay 3
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Power Supply Relay Is Inoperative - Switched System Power Relay 4
        • Autolamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Exterior Lighting
            • Autolamps
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test J: The AUTOLAMPS Are Inoperative
        • Stoplamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Exterior Lighting
            • Stoplamps
            • Switched System Power
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test K: The STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test L: One Or More STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative - Right Rear STOPLAMP
            • Pinpoint Test M: One Or More STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative - Left Rear STOPLAMP
            • Pinpoint Test N: One Or More STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative - High Mounted STOPLAMP
            • Pinpoint Test O: The STOPLAMPS Are On Continuously - All STOPLAMPS
            • Pinpoint Test P: The STOPLAMPS Are On Continuously - Right Rear STOPLAMP Only
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The STOPLAMPS Are On Continuously - Left Rear STOPLAMP Only
            • Pinpoint Test R: The STOPLAMPS Are On Continuously - High Mounted STOPLAMP Only
        • Turn Signal, Cornering and Hazard Lamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Exterior Lighting
            • Turn Signal, Cornering and Hazard Lamps
            • Switched System Power (SSP)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test S: One Turn Signal Lamp Is Never/Always On - Right Rear Turn Lamp
            • Pinpoint Test T: One Turn Signal Lamp Is Never/Always On - Left Rear Turn Lamp
            • Pinpoint Test U: One Turn Signal Lamp Is Never/Always On - Right Front Turn Lamp
            • Pinpoint Test V: One Turn Signal Lamp Is Never/Always On - Left Front Turn Lamp
            • Pinpoint Test W: One Turn Signal Lamp Is Never On - Signal Mirror
            • Pinpoint Test X: One Turn Signal Is Never On - Right Front Turn Signal And Parking Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test Y: One Turn Signal Is Never On - Left Front Turn Signal And Parking Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test Z: One Turn Signal Lamp Is Never On - Right Front Turn Signal/Parking And Cornering Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test Aa: One Turn Signal Lamp Is Never On - Left Front Turn Signal/Parking And Cornering Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test Ab: The Cornering Lamp(S) Is Never On - Both Cornering Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test Ac: The Cornering Lamp Is Never/Always On - RH
            • Pinpoint Test Ad: The Cornering Lamp Is Never/Always On - LH
            • Pinpoint Test AE: The Hazard Lamps Is Never/Always On - Rear
            • Pinpoint Test AF: The Hazard Lamps Is Never/Always On - Front
            • Pinpoint Test Ag: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Never/Always On - RH
            • Pinpoint Test Ah: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Never/Always On - LH
            • Pinpoint Test Ai: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Never/Always On - Mirror Signal Illumination
            • Pinpoint Test AJ: The Hazard Is Never/Always On
        • Parking, Rear and License Lamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Exterior Lighting
            • Parking, Rear or License Lamps
            • Switched System Power
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test AK: One Or More Parking, Rear, Or License Lamp Is Inoperative - Right Front Parking Lamp
            • Pinpoint Test Al: One Or More Parking, Rear Or License Lamp Is Inoperative - Left Front Parking Lamp
            • Pinpoint Test Am: One Or More Parking, Rear Or License Lamp Is Inoperative - Right Rear Lamp
            • Pinpoint Test An: One Or More Parking, Rear, Or License Lamp Is Inoperative - Left Rear Lamp
            • Pinpoint Test AO: The Parking, Rear, Or License Lamps Are On Continuously - Right Rear Parking Lamp Only
            • Pinpoint Test AP: The Parking, Rear, Or License Lamps Are On Continuously - Left Rear Parking Lamp Only
            • Pinpoint Test AQ: The Parking, Rear, Or License Lamps Are Inoperative - License Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test Ar: The Parking, Rear, Or License Lamps Are On Continuously - License Lamps Only
            • Pinpoint Test As: One Or More Parking, Rear, Or License Lamp Is Inoperative - All Auxiliary Parking Lamp
            • Pinpoint Test At: One Or More Parking, Rear, Or License Lamp Is Inoperative - Individual Auxiliary Parking Lamp
            • Pinpoint Test AU: The Parking, Rear, Or License Lamps Are Continuously - Auxiliary Parking Lamps
        • Reversing Lamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Exterior Lighting
            • Reversing Lamps
            • Switched System Power
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test Av: The Reversing Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test Aw: The Reversing Lamps Are On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test Ax: The Individual Reversing Lamp Is Inoperative
        • Trailer Lamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Switched System Power
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test AY: The Trailer Lamps Are Inoperative-All Rear/Stop/Turn Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test AZ: The Trailer Lamps Are Inoperative-Rear Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test BA: The Trailer Lamps Are Inoperative-RH Turn Signals/Stop/Hazard Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test BB: The Trailer Lamps Are Inoperative-LH Turn Signals/Stop/Hazard Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test BC: The Trailer Lamps Are Inoperative-Both Stop/Turn Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test BD: The Trailer Electric Brakes Are Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Headlamp Adjustment
          • Headlamp Aiming
          • Photometric Aiming
          • Screen Method Aiming
          • Mechanical Aiming
      • Removal And Installation
        • Headlamp Bulb - Headlamp
          • Removal and Installation
        • Headlamp Assembly
          • Removal and Installation
        • Headlamp Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Switch
          • Removal and Installation
  • Horns
    • Horn System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Horn
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Horn
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • FEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Horn Does Not Sound
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Horn Sounds Continuously
      • Removal And Installation
        • Horn
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Switch
          • Removal and Installation
  • Interior/Exterior Trim
    • Exterior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Removal And Installation
        • Moulding - Front Rocker Panel
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Moulding - Rear Rocker Panel
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Moulding - B-Pillar Applique
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Instrument Panel And Console
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Panel
        • Console - Floor
        • Console - Overhead
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Instrument Panel - Cluster Finish Panel
          • Removal
        • Floor Console
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Floor Console - Video System
          • Removal and Installation
        • Overhead Console
          • Removal and Installation
    • Interior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Interior Trim
      • Removal And Installation
        • Trim Panel - Front Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Sliding Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Liftgate Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Sliding Door Pull Handle
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Upper B-Pillar
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Upper C-Pillar
          • Removal and Installation
        • Trim Panel - Upper D-Pillar
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Trim Panel - Lower B-Pillar
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Quarter
          • Removal and Installation
        • Headliner
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Interior/Illumination Lights
    • Interior Lighting System
      • Description And Operation
        • Interior Lighting
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Interior Lighting
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Interior Lighting
          • Switched System Power (SSP)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • FEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • REM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Instrument Cluster Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • SSP Relay Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Front Electronic Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: No Communication With The Rear Electronic Module
            • Pinpoint Test C: No Communication With The Instrument Cluster
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Courtesy Lamps Are Inoperative - All Overhead Dome, Map, Reading, And STEPWELL, Puddle Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Courtesy Lamps Are Inoperative - STEPWELL And Puddle Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Courtesy Lamps Are Inoperative - Dome/Map Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test G: An Individual Courtesy Lamp Is Inoperative - All Overhead Dome, Map, Reading, And Cargo Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test H: An Individual Courtesy Lamp Is Inoperative - STEPWELL/Puddle
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Courtesy Lamps Stay On Continuously - All Overhead Dome, Map, Reading, And STEPWELL, Puddle Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Courtesy Lamps Stay On Continuously - All Overhead Dome, Map And Reading Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Courtesy Lamps Stay On Continuously - All STEPWELL/Puddle Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Courtesy Lamps Do Not Turn On With One Door Open - LF
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Courtesy Lamps Do Not Turn On With One Door Open - RF
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Courtesy Lamps Do Not Turn On With One Door Open - Liftgate
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Courtesy Lamps Do Not Turn On With One Door Open - Right Sliding Door
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Courtesy Lamps Do Not Turn On With One Door Open - Left Sliding Door
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The Demand Lighting Is Inoperative - All Overhead Demand Dome, Map, Reading Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test R: An Individual Demand Lighting Lamp Is Inoperative - Overhead Dome, Map, Reading, Cargo Lamp
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Courtesy Lamps Do Not Turn On With Multiple Doors Ajar- Right And Left Doors
            • Pinpoint Test T: The Courtesy Lamps Do Not Turn On With Multiple Doors Ajar- RR And LR Sliding Doors And Liftgate
            • Pinpoint Test U: The Courtesy Lamps Are Inoperative - From The Dimmer Switch
      • Removal And Installation
        • Lamp Assembly - Overhead Console Reading
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lamp Assembly - Reading
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lamp Assembly - Cargo
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lamp Assembly - Dome, Bracket
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Rear View Mirrors System
    • Specifications
      • General Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Rear View Mirrors
        • Notes
        • Exterior Mirrors
        • Heated Exterior Rear View Mirror with Turn Signal
        • Memory Exterior Rear View Mirror
        • Electrochromic Interior Rear View Mirror
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Rear View Mirrors
        • Notes
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Principles of Operation
          • Exterior Mirrors
          • Memory Exterior Mirrors
          • Heated Exterior Rear View Mirrors with Turn Signal
          • Electrochromic Interior Rear View Mirror
        • Inspection and Verification
        • DSM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • REM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Mirrors Are Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Mirror Is Inoperative - Without Heated Mirrors
          • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Mirror Is Inoperative - With Turn Signal And Heated Mirrors
          • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Mirror Does Not Function With Switch Logic - Without Heated Mirrors
          • Pinpoint Test E: A Single Mirror Does Not Function With Switch Logic - With Turn Signal And Heated Mirrors
          • Pinpoint Test F: The Auto-Dimming Mirror Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test G: The Memory Mirror Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test H: The Memory Mirror Is Inoperative - Does Not Operate From The Memory Set Switch
          • Pinpoint Test I: The Heated Mirror Does Not Defrost
    • Removal And Installation
      • Exterior Mirror
        • Removal and Installation
      • Exterior Mirror Motor
        • Removal and Installation
      • Exterior Mirror Glass
        • Removal and Installation
      • Mirror - Interior Rear View
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Switch - Exterior Rear View Mirror Control
        • Removal
        • Installation
  • Seats
    • Seating System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Seats
          • Notes
          • Occupant Classification Sensor
            • Notes
            • Seats - Lumbar Support System
            • Seats - Side Air Bag
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Seats
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Restraint System Diagnostic Tool Warning
          • Principles of Operation - Power Seats With Memory
            • Seat Positioning- Seat Control Switch
            • Seat Positioning- Memory Feature
            • Power Seat Calibration Test
          • Principles of Operation - Power Seats Without Memory
            • Notes
            • Principles of Operation - Heated Seats
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DSM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Power Seat Is Inoperative - Driver
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Power Seat Is Inoperative - Passenger
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Power Seat Does Not Move Vertically- Front Height
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Power Seat Does Not Move Vertically- Rear Height
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Power Lumbar Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Memory Seat Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Memory Seat Does Not Operate Correctly- Does Not Operate Using The Memory Set Switch
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Memory Seat Does Not Operate Correctly- Does Not Operate Using The Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative- Seat Does Not Heat But The Heated Seat Switch Illuminates When Pressed
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative- Seat Does Heat But The Heated Seat Switch Does Not Illuminate When Pressed
          • Component Test
            • Switch- Memory Set
              • Memory Set Switch
      • Removal And Installation
        • Seat Control Switch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lumbar Control Switch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Heated Seat Switch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Armrest
          • Removal & Installation
        • Armrest - Bucket With Console, 2nd Row
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Seat Backrest
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Seat Backrest - Bucket Seat, Second Row
        • Rear Seat Backrest - Bucket Seat With Console, Second Row
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear Seat Backrest - Two and Three Passenger, Second and Third Row
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Recliner- Front Seat
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Recliner- Bucket Seat, Second Row
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Recliner- Bucket Seat With Console, Second Row
          • Removal & Installation
        • Seat Recliner- Two Passenger Seat, Second and Third Row
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Recliner- Three Passenger Seat, Second and Third Row
          • Removal and Installation
        • Driver Seat
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Passenger Seat
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Track- Front Power
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Track- Front Manual
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Track- Bucket Seat With Console, Second Row
        • Seat Track- Bucket Seat, Second Row
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Track- Two Passenger, Second and Third Row
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Base- Two and Three Passenger, Second and Third Row
          • Removal & Installation
        • Heated Seat Module
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lumbar Motor
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Front Seat Backrest
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
            • All vehicles
        • Rear Seat Backrest- Bucket Seat, Second Row
          • Disassembly and Assembly
        • Rear Seat Backrest- Bucket Seat With Console, Second Row
          • Disassembly and Assembly
        • Rear Seat Backrest- Two and Three Passenger Seat, Second and Third Rows
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Front Seat Cushion
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Rear Seat Cushion- Bucket Seat, Second Row
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Rear Seat Cushion- Bucket Seat with Console, Second Row
          • Disassembly and Assembly
        • Rear Seat Cushion - Two and Three Passenger, Second and Third Rows
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
  • Steering Column Switches
    • Horn System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Horn
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Horn
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • FEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Horn Does Not Sound
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Horn Sounds Continuously
      • Removal And Installation
        • Horn
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Switch
          • Removal and Installation
    • Steering Column Switches
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering Column Switches
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering Column Switches
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • FEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Module - Front Electronic Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Ignition Switch Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: No Power In Acc
            • Pinpoint Test D: No Power In Run
            • Pinpoint Test E: No Power In Start
          • Component Test
            • Ignition Switch Continuity Check
            • Multifunction Switch
      • Removal And Installation
        • Multifunction Switch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Ignition Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Key Release Interlock Actuator
          • Removal and Installation
  • Warning Systems
    • Instrument Cluster System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Notes
          • Instrument Cluster (Standard)
          • Instrument Cluster (Optional)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Warning Indicators
            • The Low Tire Warning Indicator
            • The Check Fuel Cap Indicator
            • The TRAC ACTIVE Indicator (if equipped)
            • The TRAC OFF Indicator (if equipped)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Instrument Cluster Dealer Test Mode
            • Notes
            • Instrument Cluster Self-Test
            • Instrument Cluster Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • FEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • REM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • PCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Instrument Cluster
            • Pinpoint Test B: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test C: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Low Oil Pressure Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Speedometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Door Ajar Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Charge System Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test J: The High Beam Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Low Washer Fluid Level Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Anti-Lock Brake System (Abs) Warning Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Traction Control Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test N: The O/D Off Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Check Engine Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Turn/Hazard Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The Odometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Tachometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Low Tire Warning Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test T: The Lamp Outage Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test U: The Check Fuel Cap Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Cluster Lens
          • Removal and Installation
    • Parking Aid System
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Parking Aid
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Parking Aid
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Switched System Power (SSP)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • PAM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • REM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Module - Parking Aid Module (PAM)
            • Pinpoint Test B: No Communication With The Module - Rear Electronic Module
            • Pinpoint Test C: Parking Aid Is Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Azimuth System Check
          • Minimum detectable object locations.
        • Elevation System Check
      • Removal And Installation
        • Module-Parking Aid
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Speaker-Parking Aid
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Sensor - Parking Aid
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Warning System
      • Description And Operation
        • Warning Devices
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Warning Devices
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Safety Belt Warning Chime
            • Belt Minder
            • Air Bag Warning Chime
            • Key-In-Ignition Warning Chime
            • Headlamps Left On Warning Chime
            • Low Washer Fluid Warning Chime
            • Message Center Warning Chime
            • Turn Signal Warning Chime
            • Door Ajar Warning Chime
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Instrument Cluster Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Notes
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Safety Belt Warning Chime Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Key-In-Ignition Chime Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Door Ajar Chime Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Headlamp On Reminder Chime Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Chime Sounds When The Driver Door Is Ajar (No Key In Ignition And Headlamps Off)
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Air Bag Chime Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Message Center Switch Depression Tone Chime Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Turn Signal Warning Chime Is Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Belt Minder Deactivating/Activating
          • Preparation
          • Deactivating/Activating
      • Removal And Installation
        • Key-In-Ignition Warning Switch
          • Removal and Installation
  • Window Motors & Regulators
    • Window And Glass
      • Specifications
        • Window Regulator Electric Drive Current Draw
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Glass, Frames and Mechanisms
          • Component Location
          • Windshield
          • Window Regulator Control Switch
          • One-Touch Down Window Operation
          • Window Glass, Door
          • Window Glass, Sliding Door
          • Window Glass, Rear Quarter
          • Window, Liftgate
          • Heated Back Window Switch
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Glass, Frames and Mechanisms
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Power Window Control
            • Heated Rear Glass
            • Delayed Accessory
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • FEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Instrument Cluster
            • Pinpoint Test B: All Power Windows Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Driver Front
            • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Passenger Front
            • Pinpoint Test E: A Power Rear Quarter Flip Window Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The One-Touch Down Feature Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Rear Window Will Not Defrost
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Rear Window Defroster Will Not Shut Off Automatically
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Delayed Accessory Does Not Turn Off
            • Component Tests
              • Grid Wire Test
      • General Procedures
        • Lead Terminal Repair
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Window Glass Adjustment - Front
        • Window Glass Adjustment - Rear Quarter Flip
        • Windshield Reseal
          • Material
      • Removal And Installation
        • Switch - Window Regulator Control
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Front Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Power Sliding Door - Early Build Vehicles
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Sliding Door Window Glass - Late Build Vehicles
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Rear Quarter Flip
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Liftgate Window Glass
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Motor - Power Flip Quarter Window
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Motor - Window Regulator, Front Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Regulator - Power, Front Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Windshield Glass
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Door Glass Run Retainer
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Door Glass Top Run - Front
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Wiper/Washer Systems
    • Wiper System & Washer System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Wipers and Washers
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Wipers and Washers
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • FEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Wipers Are Inoperative - Front Wipers
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Wipers Are Inoperative - Rear Wipers
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Wipers Stay On Continuously - Front Or Rear
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Intermittent Wiper Speed Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Washer Pump Is Inoperative - Front And Rear
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Washer Pump Is Inoperative - Front And Rear Washers Stay On Continuously.
            • Pinpoint Test G: The High/Low Wiper Speeds Do Not Operate Correctly
          • Windshield Wiper Motor
      • General Procedures
        • Wiper Blade and Pivot Arm Adjustment - Front
        • Wiper Blade and Pivot Arm Adjustment - Rear
      • Removal And Installation
        • Pivot Arm - Front
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Pivot Arm - Rear
          • Removal and Installation
        • Mounting Arm and Pivot Shaft
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Motor - Windshield Wiper
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Motor - Rear Wiper
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Washer Pump and Reservoir
          • Removal
          • Installation
• Body & Frame
  • Door Locks
    • Anti-Theft System - Pats
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Theft - Passive
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Theft - Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS)
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Principles of Operation
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Inspection and Verification
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) Index
          • Powertrain Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) Descriptions
          • Expanded DTC Descriptions
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Symptom Chart
          • Symptom Chart
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: No Antenna Detected
          • Pinpoint Test B: Pats Ignition Key Transponder Signal Is Not Received
          • Pinpoint Test C: Pats Received Incorrect Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
          • Pinpoint Test D: Pats Received Invalid Format Of Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
          • Pinpoint Test E: Pats Transceiver Module Signal Is Not Received
          • Pinpoint Test F: Anti-Theft Number Of Programmed Keys Is Below Minimum
          • Pinpoint Test G: The Anti-Theft Indicator Is Always/Never On
          • Pinpoint Test H: The Vehicle Does Not Start
      • General Procedures
        • Key Programming Using Two Programmed Keys
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Equipment
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Key Programming Switch State Control
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disabling Unlimited Key Mode
        • Spare Key Programming
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Anti-Theft Security Access
          • Special Tool(s)
      • Removal And Installation
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) Transceiver
          • Removal
    • Anti-Theft System - Perimeter
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Theft-Perimeter
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Theft-Perimeter
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Anti-Theft Perimeter Protection Feature
          • Inspection and Verification
          • FEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • REM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Module - Front Electronic Module (Fem)
            • Pinpoint Test B: No Communication With The Module - Rear Electronic Module
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Anti-Theft System Does Not Disarm - Driver Door Lock Cylinder
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Anti-Theft System Does Not Disarm - Passenger Door Lock Cylinder
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Anti-Theft System Does Not Disarm - Liftgate Lock Cylinder
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Anti-Theft System Does Not Operate Correctly- No Anti-Theft Horn
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Anti-Theft System Does Not Operate Correctly- Anti-Theft Horn Continuously On
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Anti-Theft System Does Not Arm - Turn Signals Do Not Flash When Arming
      • Removal And Installation
        • Switch-Driver Door Disarm
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Switch - Liftgate Disarm
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Horn - Anti-Theft
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems
      • Specifications
        • Lock Repair/Replacement Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Handles, Locks, Latches And Mechanisms
          • Notes
          • Child Safety Lock
          • Lock Cylinder Service
          • Striker Plates
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Locks, Latches And Mechanisms
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • FEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • REM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • RKE Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Test
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From One Switch
            • Pinpoint Test B: Passenger Door, Sliding Door, And Liftgate Lock Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: Passenger Door, And Liftgate Lock Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: Driver Door Lock Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: Right Sliding Door Lock Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: Panic Feature Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: Left Sliding Door Lock Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Auto-Lock Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Smart Lock Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Power Sliding Door Does Not Open/Close Using The Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Keyless Entry Keypad
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Keyless Entry Keypad Illumination Is Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Liftgate Striker Adjustment
        • Remote Transmitter Programming
        • Keyless Entry Keypad Code Programming
        • Autolock and Horn Chirp Programming
          • Special Tool(s)
      • Removal And Installation
        • Front Door Latch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Liftgate Latch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Front Door Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Interior Door Handle - Front
          • Removal and Installation
        • Liftgate Release Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Sliding Door Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Interior Sliding Door Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Lock Cylinder - Front
          • Removal and Installation
        • Liftgate Lock Cylinder
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Latch Remote Control - Sliding
          • Removal
        • Liftgate Latch Remote Control
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Lock Actuator - Sliding
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Lock Actuator - Liftgate
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Ajar Switch - Front
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Ajar Switch - Sliding
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Ajar Switch - Liftgate
          • Removal and Installation
        • Keyless Entry Keypad
          • Removal and Installation
    • Passive Anti-Theft System Job Aid
      • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) Specifications
        • Ford System (Pats) Specifications
        • LINCOLN System (Pats) Specifications
        • Mercury System (Pats) Specifications
      • Pats Key Types
      • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
      • Non-Pats Issues
      • Things To Do:
      • Things Not To Do:
      • Programming Procedures
        • Notes
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #1
          • Procedure #2
          • Procedure #3
        • Spare Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #4
        • Spare Key Programming Using Programmed Keys
          • Procedure #5
          • Procedure #6
        • Replacing Pats Control Module Or Pcm
          • Procedure #7
          • Procedure #8
    • Remote Keyless Entry System [Transmitter Programming Procedures]
      • Programming Methods & Transmitter Types
        • Programming Method And Transmitter Type Application
        • Transmitter Type Identification
        • Programming Methods
          • Programming Method A
          • Programming Method D
          • Programming Method I
          • Programming Method K
          • Programming Method L
          • Programming Method M
          • Programming Method N
          • Programming Method O
      • Helpful Hints
        • Remote Entry Programming Procedure
        • Poor Operating Range Performance
        • Miscellaneous
  • Exterior Body Panels
    • Body Panel System - Body Closures
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Body Closures
          • Notes
          • Power Sliding Door
          • Power Sliding Door Module
          • Drive Assembly Actuator
          • Latch Release Actuator
          • Position Sensor
          • Power Sliding Door (PSD) Latch Switch
          • Overhead Console On/Off Switch
          • Power Assist
          • Power Sliding Door Operation
          • Reversing Door Operation
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Power Sliding Door
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Power and Ground Requirements
          • Power Sliding Door (PSD) Latch Switch
          • Latch Release Actuator
          • Position Sensor
          • Drive Assembly Actuator Clutch
          • Drive Assembly Actuator Motor
          • Overhead Console On/Off Switch
          • Overhead Console Open/Close Switch
          • B-Pillar Open/Close Switch
          • Remote Keyless Entry Operation
          • REM Module Interface
          • Power Sliding Door Operation
          • Power Sliding Door Module Self-Test
          • Reinitialization Procedure
          • Inspection and Verification
          • LPSDM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • RPSDM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • REM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Left Power Sliding Door Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: No Communication With The Right Power Sliding Door Module
            • Pinpoint Test C: No Communication With The Rear Electronics Module
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B2238 Broken Cable Detected
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B2270 PSD Exceeded Time Allowed To Cinch Door (Exceeded Time Allowed To Reach Primary Latch Position After Reaching Secondary Latch Position)
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC B2271 PSD Did Not Reach Full Open Position During Self-Test
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTC B2363 Position Sensor System Failure
            • Pinpoint Test H: DTC B2364 Fuel Filler Door Open Circuit
            • Pinpoint Test I: DTC B2365 B-Pillar Power Sliding Door Open/Close Switch Circuit Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test J: DTC B2366 PSD Open/Close Switch Circuit Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test K: DTC B2374 PSD Latch Switch Circuit Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test L: DTC B2483 Enable Signal Open Circuit (Park)
            • Pinpoint Test M: DTC B2589 No PSD Latch Switch Detected On Closing And Door Reversed
            • Pinpoint Test N: DTC B2591 No PSD Latch Switch Detected On Unlatch
            • Pinpoint Test O: DTC B2592 Door Not Pulled To Primary During Power Close And High Duty Cycles
            • Pinpoint Test P: DTC B2593 Door Reversed While Closing Due To An Obstacle
            • Pinpoint Test Q: DTC B2594 No Movement Detected After An Unlatch During Power Open
            • Pinpoint Test R: DTC B2603 PSD Not Fully Closed During Self-Test
            • Pinpoint Test S: DTC B2604 PSD On/Off Switch Open Circuit
            • Pinpoint Test T: DTC B2605 Disable Signal Open Circuit (VSS > 10 Km/H [6 Mph])
            • Pinpoint Test U: The Power Sliding Door Is Inoperative - No DTCS Are Retrieved (Right)
            • Pinpoint Test V: The Power Sliding Door Is Inoperative - No DTCS Are Retrieved (Left)
            • Pinpoint Test W: The Power Sliding Door Is Inoperative From An Individual Switch- No DTCS Are Retrieved
            • Pinpoint Test X: The Power Sliding Door Is Inoperative From The Remote Keyless Entry Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test Y: The Left Power Sliding Door Operates With The Fuel Door Open
            • Pinpoint Test Z: The Power Sliding Door Operates From The B-Pillar Switch Or Manual Activation (Power Assist) With The Overhead Console Switch In The Off Position
      • General Procedures
        • Power Sliding Door Initialization
        • Hinge Adjustment-Sliding Door
      • Removal And Installation
        • Fuel Filler Interlock Catch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Door - Power Sliding
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Door - Liftgate
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Actuator - Drive Assembly, Left
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Actuator - Drive Assembly, Right
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Actuator - Latch Release
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Sensor - Position, Left
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Sensor - Position, Right
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Switch - PSD Latch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Switch - Overhead Console
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Switch - B-Pillar
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Switch - Fuel Filler
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Module - LH
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Module - RH
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Body Panel System - Front End Body Panels
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Front End Body Panels
      • Removal And Installation
        • Panel - Cowl Top Vent
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Grille Opening Panel Reinforcement
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Exterior/Interior Trim
    • Exterior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Removal And Installation
        • Moulding - Front Rocker Panel
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Moulding - Rear Rocker Panel
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Moulding - B-Pillar Applique
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Instrument Panel And Console
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Panel
        • Console - Floor
        • Console - Overhead
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Instrument Panel - Cluster Finish Panel
          • Removal
        • Floor Console
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Floor Console - Video System
          • Removal and Installation
        • Overhead Console
          • Removal and Installation
    • Interior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Interior Trim
      • Removal And Installation
        • Trim Panel - Front Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Sliding Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Liftgate Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Sliding Door Pull Handle
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Upper B-Pillar
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Upper C-Pillar
          • Removal and Installation
        • Trim Panel - Upper D-Pillar
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Trim Panel - Lower B-Pillar
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Quarter
          • Removal and Installation
        • Headliner
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Rear View Mirrors System
    • Specifications
      • General Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Rear View Mirrors
        • Notes
        • Exterior Mirrors
        • Heated Exterior Rear View Mirror with Turn Signal
        • Memory Exterior Rear View Mirror
        • Electrochromic Interior Rear View Mirror
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Rear View Mirrors
        • Notes
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Principles of Operation
          • Exterior Mirrors
          • Memory Exterior Mirrors
          • Heated Exterior Rear View Mirrors with Turn Signal
          • Electrochromic Interior Rear View Mirror
        • Inspection and Verification
        • DSM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • REM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Mirrors Are Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Mirror Is Inoperative - Without Heated Mirrors
          • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Mirror Is Inoperative - With Turn Signal And Heated Mirrors
          • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Mirror Does Not Function With Switch Logic - Without Heated Mirrors
          • Pinpoint Test E: A Single Mirror Does Not Function With Switch Logic - With Turn Signal And Heated Mirrors
          • Pinpoint Test F: The Auto-Dimming Mirror Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test G: The Memory Mirror Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test H: The Memory Mirror Is Inoperative - Does Not Operate From The Memory Set Switch
          • Pinpoint Test I: The Heated Mirror Does Not Defrost
    • Removal And Installation
      • Exterior Mirror
        • Removal and Installation
      • Exterior Mirror Motor
        • Removal and Installation
      • Exterior Mirror Glass
        • Removal and Installation
      • Mirror - Interior Rear View
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Switch - Exterior Rear View Mirror Control
        • Removal
        • Installation
  • Seats
    • Seating System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Seats
          • Notes
          • Occupant Classification Sensor
            • Notes
            • Seats - Lumbar Support System
            • Seats - Side Air Bag
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Seats
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Restraint System Diagnostic Tool Warning
          • Principles of Operation - Power Seats With Memory
            • Seat Positioning- Seat Control Switch
            • Seat Positioning- Memory Feature
            • Power Seat Calibration Test
          • Principles of Operation - Power Seats Without Memory
            • Notes
            • Principles of Operation - Heated Seats
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DSM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Power Seat Is Inoperative - Driver
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Power Seat Is Inoperative - Passenger
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Power Seat Does Not Move Vertically- Front Height
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Power Seat Does Not Move Vertically- Rear Height
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Power Lumbar Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Memory Seat Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Memory Seat Does Not Operate Correctly- Does Not Operate Using The Memory Set Switch
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Memory Seat Does Not Operate Correctly- Does Not Operate Using The Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative- Seat Does Not Heat But The Heated Seat Switch Illuminates When Pressed
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative- Seat Does Heat But The Heated Seat Switch Does Not Illuminate When Pressed
          • Component Test
            • Switch- Memory Set
              • Memory Set Switch
      • Removal And Installation
        • Seat Control Switch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lumbar Control Switch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Heated Seat Switch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Armrest
          • Removal & Installation
        • Armrest - Bucket With Console, 2nd Row
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Seat Backrest
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Seat Backrest - Bucket Seat, Second Row
        • Rear Seat Backrest - Bucket Seat With Console, Second Row
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear Seat Backrest - Two and Three Passenger, Second and Third Row
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Recliner- Front Seat
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Recliner- Bucket Seat, Second Row
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Recliner- Bucket Seat With Console, Second Row
          • Removal & Installation
        • Seat Recliner- Two Passenger Seat, Second and Third Row
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Recliner- Three Passenger Seat, Second and Third Row
          • Removal and Installation
        • Driver Seat
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Passenger Seat
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Track- Front Power
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Track- Front Manual
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Track- Bucket Seat With Console, Second Row
        • Seat Track- Bucket Seat, Second Row
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Track- Two Passenger, Second and Third Row
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Base- Two and Three Passenger, Second and Third Row
          • Removal & Installation
        • Heated Seat Module
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lumbar Motor
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Front Seat Backrest
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
            • All vehicles
        • Rear Seat Backrest- Bucket Seat, Second Row
          • Disassembly and Assembly
        • Rear Seat Backrest- Bucket Seat With Console, Second Row
          • Disassembly and Assembly
        • Rear Seat Backrest- Two and Three Passenger Seat, Second and Third Rows
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Front Seat Cushion
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Rear Seat Cushion- Bucket Seat, Second Row
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Rear Seat Cushion- Bucket Seat with Console, Second Row
          • Disassembly and Assembly
        • Rear Seat Cushion - Two and Three Passenger, Second and Third Rows
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
  • Windows
    • Window And Glass
      • Specifications
        • Window Regulator Electric Drive Current Draw
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Glass, Frames and Mechanisms
          • Component Location
          • Windshield
          • Window Regulator Control Switch
          • One-Touch Down Window Operation
          • Window Glass, Door
          • Window Glass, Sliding Door
          • Window Glass, Rear Quarter
          • Window, Liftgate
          • Heated Back Window Switch
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Glass, Frames and Mechanisms
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Power Window Control
            • Heated Rear Glass
            • Delayed Accessory
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • FEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Instrument Cluster
            • Pinpoint Test B: All Power Windows Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Driver Front
            • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Passenger Front
            • Pinpoint Test E: A Power Rear Quarter Flip Window Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The One-Touch Down Feature Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Rear Window Will Not Defrost
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Rear Window Defroster Will Not Shut Off Automatically
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Delayed Accessory Does Not Turn Off
            • Component Tests
              • Grid Wire Test
      • General Procedures
        • Lead Terminal Repair
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Window Glass Adjustment - Front
        • Window Glass Adjustment - Rear Quarter Flip
        • Windshield Reseal
          • Material
      • Removal And Installation
        • Switch - Window Regulator Control
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Front Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Power Sliding Door - Early Build Vehicles
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Sliding Door Window Glass - Late Build Vehicles
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Rear Quarter Flip
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Liftgate Window Glass
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Motor - Power Flip Quarter Window
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Motor - Window Regulator, Front Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Regulator - Power, Front Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Windshield Glass
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Door Glass Run Retainer
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Door Glass Top Run - Front
          • Removal
          • Installation
• Brakes
  • Anti-Lock Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Lock Control - Traction Control
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Lock Control - Traction Control
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Low Tire Warning (LTW) System
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Anti-Lock Quick Check Sheet Using EEC-IV 60-Pin Breakout Box
            • Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Anti-Lock Brake Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: Unable To Enter Self-Test
            • PINPOINT TEST C: DTCs B1317, B1318 - BATTERY VOLTAGE HIGH/LOW
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTCS C1095, C1096 - Abs Hydraulic Pump Motor
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC C1103 Hydraulic Brake Pressure Switch Circuit Failure
            • PINPOINT TEST F: DTCs C1115, C1185 - POWER RELAY OUTPUT SHORT CIRCUIT TO BATTERY/CIRCUIT FAILURE
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTC C1145 RF, C1155 LF, C1165 RR, C1175 LR - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Input Failure
            • PINPOINT TEST H: DTCs C1184, C1184 ABS SYSTEM TIME-OUT
            • PINPOINT TEST I: DTCs C1194, C1198, C1210, C1214, C1242, C1246, C1250, C1254, - ISOLATION VALVE, DUMP VALVE COIL CIRCUIT FAILURE
            • PINPOINT TEST J: DTCs C1233 LF, C1234 RF, C1235 RR, C1236 LR, C1222 - ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SENSOR SIGNAL MISSING OR ERRATIC, WHEEL SPEED MISMATCH
            • Pinpoint Test K: Soft Or Excessive Pedal Travel
            • Pinpoint Test L: DTC: C1169 - Excessive Dump Time
            • Pinpoint Test M: DTC-C1446 Brake Switch Circuit Failure
          • Component Test - Intermittent Failures
            • Sensor Failure
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit
          • Removal and Installation
        • Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Module
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Sensor - Front
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sensor - Rear
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sensor Indicator - Front
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sensor Indicator - Rear
          • Removal and Installation
        • Switch - Reverse Parking Aid (RPA) Override/Traction Assist
          • Removal and Installation
    • Anti-Lock Brake System -Traction Control & Stability Assist
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Lock Control - Traction Control and Stability Assist
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Lock Control - Traction Control and Stability Assist
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Yaw Rate Sensor
            • Lateral Accelerometer
            • Steering Wheel Rotation Sensor
            • Brake Booster
            • DTC C1963
            • Stability Assist Module Calibration
          • Low Tire Warning (LTW) System
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Stability Assist Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Stability Assist Calibration List
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Stability Assist Module
            • PINPOINT TEST B: DTCs B1317, B1318 - BATTERY VOLTAGE HIGH/LOW
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC C1095, C1096- Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Failure/Open
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC C1145 (RF), DTC C1155 (LF), DTC C1165 (RR), DTC C1175 (LR) - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Input Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC C1233 (LF), DTC C1234 (RF), DTC C1235 (RR), DTC C1236 (LR) - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Input Signal Missing, And DTC C1222 Wheel Speed Mismatch
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC C1277 - Steering Wheel Angle 1 And 2 Circuit Failure, DTC C1278 - Steering Wheel Angle 1 And 2 Circuit Faulted
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTC C1279 - Yaw Rate Sensor Circuit Failure, DTC C1280 - Yaw Rate Sensor Signal Fault
            • Pinpoint Test H: DTC C1281 - Lateral Accelerometer Circuit Failure, DTC C1282 - Lateral Accelerometer Signal Fault
            • Pinpoint Test I: DTC C1285 - Booster Solenoid Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test J: DTC C1286-Booster Mechanical Failure
            • Pinpoint Test K: DTC C1287 - Booster Pedal Force Switch Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test L: DTC C1730 - Reference Voltage Out Of Range (+5 V)
            • Pinpoint Test M: DTC C1960 - Driver Brake Apply Circuit Fault
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Yellow Abs Warning Indicator Does Not Self-Check
            • Pinpoint Test O: DTC C1103 Hydraulic Brake Pressure Switch Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test P: DTC C1115, C1185-Abs Power Relay Output Short To Battery/Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test Q: DTC C1184 Abs System Time-Out
            • Pinpoint Test R: DTC C1194, C1198, C1210, C1214, C1242, C1246, C1250, C1254, C1404, C1410, C1957, C1958 Isolation Valve/Dump Valve Coil Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test S: DTC C1288 Pressure Transducer Main/Primary Input Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test T: DTC C1446 Brake Switch Circuit Failure
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Stability Assist Module
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Wheel Speed Sensor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Wheel Speed Sensor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Steering Wheel Rotation Sensor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Yaw Rate Sensor and Accelerometer
          • Removal and Installation
    • Brake System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Brake System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Brake System
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Road Test
          • Brake Pads
          • Brake Discs
          • Brake Caliper
          • Brake Caliper Guide Pins
          • Brake Drums
          • Brake Shoes
          • Brake Lines and Tubes
          • Non-Pressure Leaks
          • Brake Master Cylinder - Normal Conditions
          • Brake Master Cylinder - Abnormal Conditions
          • Brake Booster
          • Parking Brake
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Red Brake Warning Indicator Always On
            • Pinpoint Test B: Vibration When Brakes Are Applied
            • Pinpoint Test C: Adjustable Brake Pedal Does Not Operate/Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Component Tests
            • Brake Booster
            • Check Valve
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Bypass Condition Test
      • General Procedures
        • Brake Disc Machining
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Brake Disc Machining
        • Bleeding-Components
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Master Cylinder Priming - In-Vehicle or Bench
          • Four Wheel Anti-Lock Brake System (4WABS) Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
          • Caliper
        • Bleeding-System
          • Manual
          • Pressure
        • Hydraulic Leak Check
  • Mechanical - Hydraulic
    • Brake System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Brake System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Brake System
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Road Test
          • Brake Pads
          • Brake Discs
          • Brake Caliper
          • Brake Caliper Guide Pins
          • Brake Drums
          • Brake Shoes
          • Brake Lines and Tubes
          • Non-Pressure Leaks
          • Brake Master Cylinder - Normal Conditions
          • Brake Master Cylinder - Abnormal Conditions
          • Brake Booster
          • Parking Brake
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Red Brake Warning Indicator Always On
            • Pinpoint Test B: Vibration When Brakes Are Applied
            • Pinpoint Test C: Adjustable Brake Pedal Does Not Operate/Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Component Tests
            • Brake Booster
            • Check Valve
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Bypass Condition Test
      • General Procedures
        • Brake Disc Machining
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Brake Disc Machining
        • Bleeding-Components
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Master Cylinder Priming - In-Vehicle or Bench
          • Four Wheel Anti-Lock Brake System (4WABS) Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
          • Caliper
        • Bleeding-System
          • Manual
          • Pressure
        • Hydraulic Leak Check
    • Disc Brakes & Drum Brakes
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Brake System
        • Parking Brake
        • System Components
          • Brake Booster
          • Brake Tubes & Hoses
          • Master Cylinder
          • Speed Control Deactivator Switch
      • Bleeding Brake System
        • Notes
        • Component Bleeding
          • Notes
          • Master Cylinder Bleeding (Bench)
          • Master Cylinder Bleeding (On-Vehicle)
          • Four Wheel Anti-Lock Brake System Hydraulic Control Unit
          • Gravity Bleeding
        • System Bleeding
          • Manual Bleeding
          • Pressure Bleeding
        • Bleeding Sequence
      • Adjustments
        • Vacuum Power Booster Push Rod
        • Parking Brake
        • Brake Shoes
          • Drums Removed
          • Drums Installed
        • Disc Pads
      • Component Tests
        • Brake Warning Light
        • Master Cylinder
          • Bypass Condition Test
        • Power Brake Booster
          • Function Test
          • Vacuum Booster Check Valve
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Brake Drum
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Pedal And Bracket
          • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Pedal Motor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Pedal Motor Cable
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Shoes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Caliper Anchor Plate
          • Removal & Installation
        • Disc Brake Calipers & Pads
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Disc Brake Rotor Shield
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Brake Rotor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Master Cylinder
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Master Cylinder Reservoir
          • Removal & Installation
        • Parking Brake
          • Removal & Installation (Control)
          • Removal & Installation (Front Cable & Conduit)
          • Removal & Installation (Rear Cable & Conduit)
          • Removal & Installation (Parking Brake Release Actuator Rod)
        • Stoplight Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Vacuum Power Booster
          • Removal & Installation
        • Wheel Cylinders
          • Removal & Installation
      • Overhaul
        • Disc Brake Caliper
          • Disassembly
          • Cleaning & Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Master Cylinder
        • Wheel Cylinders
          • Disassembly
          • Reassembly
      • Torque Specifications
      • Disc & Drum Brake Specifications
  • Traction Control
    • Anti-Lock Brake System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Lock Control - Traction Control
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Lock Control - Traction Control
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Low Tire Warning (LTW) System
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Anti-Lock Quick Check Sheet Using EEC-IV 60-Pin Breakout Box
            • Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Anti-Lock Brake Control Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: Unable To Enter Self-Test
            • PINPOINT TEST C: DTCs B1317, B1318 - BATTERY VOLTAGE HIGH/LOW
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTCS C1095, C1096 - Abs Hydraulic Pump Motor
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC C1103 Hydraulic Brake Pressure Switch Circuit Failure
            • PINPOINT TEST F: DTCs C1115, C1185 - POWER RELAY OUTPUT SHORT CIRCUIT TO BATTERY/CIRCUIT FAILURE
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTC C1145 RF, C1155 LF, C1165 RR, C1175 LR - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Input Failure
            • PINPOINT TEST H: DTCs C1184, C1184 ABS SYSTEM TIME-OUT
            • PINPOINT TEST I: DTCs C1194, C1198, C1210, C1214, C1242, C1246, C1250, C1254, - ISOLATION VALVE, DUMP VALVE COIL CIRCUIT FAILURE
            • PINPOINT TEST J: DTCs C1233 LF, C1234 RF, C1235 RR, C1236 LR, C1222 - ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SENSOR SIGNAL MISSING OR ERRATIC, WHEEL SPEED MISMATCH
            • Pinpoint Test K: Soft Or Excessive Pedal Travel
            • Pinpoint Test L: DTC: C1169 - Excessive Dump Time
            • Pinpoint Test M: DTC-C1446 Brake Switch Circuit Failure
          • Component Test - Intermittent Failures
            • Sensor Failure
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit
          • Removal and Installation
        • Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Module
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Sensor - Front
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sensor - Rear
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sensor Indicator - Front
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sensor Indicator - Rear
          • Removal and Installation
        • Switch - Reverse Parking Aid (RPA) Override/Traction Assist
          • Removal and Installation
    • Anti-Lock Brake System -Traction Control & Stability Assist
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Lock Control - Traction Control and Stability Assist
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Lock Control - Traction Control and Stability Assist
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Yaw Rate Sensor
            • Lateral Accelerometer
            • Steering Wheel Rotation Sensor
            • Brake Booster
            • DTC C1963
            • Stability Assist Module Calibration
          • Low Tire Warning (LTW) System
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Stability Assist Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Stability Assist Calibration List
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Stability Assist Module
            • PINPOINT TEST B: DTCs B1317, B1318 - BATTERY VOLTAGE HIGH/LOW
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC C1095, C1096- Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Failure/Open
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC C1145 (RF), DTC C1155 (LF), DTC C1165 (RR), DTC C1175 (LR) - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Input Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC C1233 (LF), DTC C1234 (RF), DTC C1235 (RR), DTC C1236 (LR) - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Input Signal Missing, And DTC C1222 Wheel Speed Mismatch
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC C1277 - Steering Wheel Angle 1 And 2 Circuit Failure, DTC C1278 - Steering Wheel Angle 1 And 2 Circuit Faulted
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTC C1279 - Yaw Rate Sensor Circuit Failure, DTC C1280 - Yaw Rate Sensor Signal Fault
            • Pinpoint Test H: DTC C1281 - Lateral Accelerometer Circuit Failure, DTC C1282 - Lateral Accelerometer Signal Fault
            • Pinpoint Test I: DTC C1285 - Booster Solenoid Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test J: DTC C1286-Booster Mechanical Failure
            • Pinpoint Test K: DTC C1287 - Booster Pedal Force Switch Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test L: DTC C1730 - Reference Voltage Out Of Range (+5 V)
            • Pinpoint Test M: DTC C1960 - Driver Brake Apply Circuit Fault
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Yellow Abs Warning Indicator Does Not Self-Check
            • Pinpoint Test O: DTC C1103 Hydraulic Brake Pressure Switch Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test P: DTC C1115, C1185-Abs Power Relay Output Short To Battery/Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test Q: DTC C1184 Abs System Time-Out
            • Pinpoint Test R: DTC C1194, C1198, C1210, C1214, C1242, C1246, C1250, C1254, C1404, C1410, C1957, C1958 Isolation Valve/Dump Valve Coil Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test S: DTC C1288 Pressure Transducer Main/Primary Input Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test T: DTC C1446 Brake Switch Circuit Failure
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Stability Assist Module
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Wheel Speed Sensor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Wheel Speed Sensor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Steering Wheel Rotation Sensor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Yaw Rate Sensor and Accelerometer
          • Removal and Installation
    • Brake System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Brake System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Brake System
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Road Test
          • Brake Pads
          • Brake Discs
          • Brake Caliper
          • Brake Caliper Guide Pins
          • Brake Drums
          • Brake Shoes
          • Brake Lines and Tubes
          • Non-Pressure Leaks
          • Brake Master Cylinder - Normal Conditions
          • Brake Master Cylinder - Abnormal Conditions
          • Brake Booster
          • Parking Brake
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Red Brake Warning Indicator Always On
            • Pinpoint Test B: Vibration When Brakes Are Applied
            • Pinpoint Test C: Adjustable Brake Pedal Does Not Operate/Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Component Tests
            • Brake Booster
            • Check Valve
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Bypass Condition Test
      • General Procedures
        • Brake Disc Machining
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Brake Disc Machining
        • Bleeding-Components
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Master Cylinder Priming - In-Vehicle or Bench
          • Four Wheel Anti-Lock Brake System (4WABS) Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
          • Caliper
        • Bleeding-System
          • Manual
          • Pressure
        • Hydraulic Leak Check
• Drivelines & Axles
  • Axle Shafts
    • Description & Operation
    • Lubrication
    • Trouble Shooting
      • Notes
      • Clicking, Popping Or Grinding Noises While Turning
        • Inadequate Or Contaminated Lubricant In Inner/Outer Axle Shaft CV Joint
        • Another Component Contacting Axle Shaft Assembly
        • Brake Components
        • Wheel Bearings, Suspension Or Steering Components
      • Shudder Vibration During Acceleration
        • High CV Joint Operating Angles Caused By Incorrect Ride Height
        • Front Suspension Components
        • Excessively Worn Or Damaged Inner Or Outer CV Joint
      • Vibration At Speeds Greater Than 35 Mph
        • Out Of Balance Or Out-Of-Round Tires
        • Incorrectly Seated Outer CV Joint In Front Wheel Hub
        • Lateral & Radial Tire & Wheel Runout
        • Worn CV Joint
    • Removal & Installation
      • Axle Shafts
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Wheel Hub & Bearing
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
    • Overhaul
      • Axle Shafts
        • Disassembly (Inner Joint)
        • Reassembly
        • Disassembly (Outer Joint)
        • Reassembly (Outer Joint)
    • Torque Specifications
• Electrical
  • Body Electrical
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C Clutch Field Coil Connector End View (C100)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C101)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102a)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102b)
        • Oil Pressure Switch Connector End View (C103)
        • Inline Connector End View (C110)
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch Connector End View (C121)
        • Speed Control Servo Connector End View (C122)
        • EVAP Canister Purge Valve Connector End View (C123)
        • Brake Fluid Level Switch Connector End View (C124)
        • Windshield Wiper Motor Connector End View (C125)
        • Anti... Theft Hood Switch Connector End View (C127)
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor Connector End View (C128)
        • A/C Clutch Cycling Pressure Switch Connector End View (C130)
        • Horn Connector End View (C131)
        • Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C132)
        • Inline Connector End View (C133)
        • Inline Connector End View (C134)
        • ABS Control Module Connector End View (C135)
        • Windshield Washer Pump Motor Connector End View (C137)
        • Washer Fluid Level Switch Connector End View (C138)
        • Inline Connector End View (C139)
        • Inline Connector End View (C140)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #22 Connector End View (C141)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 Connector End View (C142)
        • Turbine Shaft Speed (TSS) Sensor Connector End View (C143)
        • Inline Connector End View (C144)
        • Inline Connector End View (C145)
        • Inline Connector End View (C146)
        • Brake Booster Sensor Connector End View (C149)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Left Front Connector End View (C150)
        • Side Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C151)
        • ABS Control Module Connector End View (C155)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Right Front Connector End View (C160)
        • Slide Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C161)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) Senor Connector End View (C167)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 Connector End View (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #21 Connector End View (C172)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector End View (C175)
        • Non... Speed Control Jumper Connector End View (C176)
        • Forward Crash Sensor Connector End View (C177)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C182)
        • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View (C183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C185)
        • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View (C186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C189)
        • Inlet Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Module Connector End View (C191)
        • Inline Connector End View (C192)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) sensor Connector End View (C193)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197a)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197b)
        • AX4S/4F50N Transmission Connector End View (C199)
        • Front Electronic Module (FEM) Connector End View (C201a)
        • Front Electronic Module (FEM) Connector End View (C201b)
        • Front Electronic Module (FEM) Connector End View (C201c)
        • Front Electronic Module (FEM) Connector End View (C201d)
        • Front Electronic Module (FEM) Connector End View (C201e)
        • Front Electronic Module (FEM) Connector End View (C201f)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202)
        • Main Light Switch Connector End View (C205a)
        • Main Light Switch Connector End View (C205b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C210)
        • Inline Connector End View (C211)
        • Inline Connector End View (C212)
        • Inline Connector End View (C213)
        • Inline Connector End View (C214)
        • Inline Connector End View (C215)
        • Driver Air Bag Unit Connector End View (C216)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218a)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C219)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220a)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220b)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220c)
        • Microphone Connector End View (C221)
        • Tralier Electronic Brake Control Module Connector End View (C239)
        • Ignition Switch Connector End View (C250)
        • Data Link Connector (DLC) Connector End View (C251)
        • Passive Anti... Theft Transceiver Module Connector End View (C252)
        • Message Center Switch Connector End View (C253)
        • Glove Box Lamp Connector End View (C254)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connector End View (C256)
        • Inline Connector End View (C263)
        • Inline Connector End View (C264)
        • Inline Connector End View (C265)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C270a)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C270b)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C270c)
        • Central Junction Box Connector End View (C270d)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C270e)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C270f)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C270g)
        • Front Blower Motor Speed Controller Connector End View (C271)
        • Remote Keyless Entry Module Connector End View (C272)
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C278)
        • Transmission Control Switch Connector End View (C279)
        • Autolamp Sensor Connector End View (C287)
        • Temperature Blend Door Actuator Connector End View (C289)
        • Radio Connector End View (C290a)
        • Radio Connector End View (C290b)
        • Front Blower Motor Resistor Assembly Connector End View (C293)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294a)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C300)
        • Passenger Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C303)
        • Slide Air Bag Sensor, Right Connector End View (C304)
        • Slide Air Bag Sensor, Left Connector End View (C305)
        • Parking Brake Switch Connector End View (C306)
        • Inline Connector End View (C311)
        • Inline Connector End View (C312)
        • Inline Connector End View (C313)
        • Inline Connector End View (C314)
        • Inline Connector End View (C315)
        • Inline Connector End View (C316)
        • Driver Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C323)
        • Inline Connector End View (C327)
        • Inline Connector End View (C328)
        • Heated Seat Module, Passenger Side Front Connector End View (C329)
        • Seat Adjust Switch, Passenger Side Front Connector End View (C330)
        • Lumbar Adjust Switch, Right Front Connector End View (C331)
        • Passenger Seat Horizontal Motor Connector End View (C332)
        • Seat Cushion Heater, Right Front Connector End View (C334)
        • Seat Back Heater, Right Front Connector End View (C335)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Drive Side Connector End View (C336)
        • Slide Air Bag Module, Right Connector End View (C337)
        • Inline Connector End View (C339)
        • Inline Connector End View (C340)
        • Driver Seat Module Connector End View (C341a)
        • Driver Seat Module Connector End View (C341b)
        • Driver Seat Module Connector End View (C341c)
        • Driver Seat Module Connector End View (C341d)
        • Seat Heater Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C342)
        • Seat Heater Switch, Driver Side Connector End View (C344)
        • Seat Track Position Sensor, Left Connector End View (C356)
        • Heated Seat Module, Driver Side Front Connector End View (C359)
        • Seat Adjust Switch, Driver Side Front Connector End View (C360)
        • Lumbar Adjust Switch, Left Front Connector End View (C361)
        • Driver Seat Horizontal Motor Connector End View (C362)
        • Driver Seat Rear Height Motor Connector End View (C363)
        • Seat Cushion Heater, Left Front Connector End View (C364)
        • Seat Back Heater, Left Front Connector End View (C365)
        • Driver Seat Lumber Compressor Motor Connector End View (C366)
        • Side Air Bag Module, Left Connector End View (C367)
        • Sliding Door Entry Lamp, Left Connector End View (C371)
        • Driver Memory Seat Horizontal Sensor Connector End View (C372)
        • Driver Memory Seat Rear Height Sensor Connector End View (C373)
        • In Line Fuse Connector End View (C375)
        • Driver Seat Front Height Motor Connector End View (C382)
        • Driver Memory Seat Front Height Sensor Connector End View (C383)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Right Connector End View (C384)
        • Docking Station Connector End View (C390)
        • Sliding Door Entry Lamp, Right Connector End View (C391)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch Connector End View (C392)
        • Speaker, Left Rear Connector End View (C395)
        • Sliding Door Ajar Switch, Left Connector End View (C397)
        • Sliding Door Ajar Switch, Right Connector End View (C398)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Left Connector End View (C399)
        • Rear Window Defrost Grid Connector End View (C402a)
        • Rear Window Defrost Grid Connector End View (C402b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C405)
        • Inline Connector End View (C406)
        • Inline Connector End View (C408)
        • Inline Connector End View (C410)
        • Inline Connector End View (C411)
        • Turn Lamp, Left Rear Connector End View (C413)
        • Turn Lamp, Right Rear Connector End View (C416)
        • Park/Stop Lamp, Right Rear Connector End View (C418)
        • Park/Stop Lamp, Left Rear Connector End View (C419)
        • Inline Connector End View (C421)
        • Inline Connector End View (C422)
        • Trailer Low Control Unit Connector End View (C425)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Right Rear Connector End View (C426)
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector End View (C433)
        • Trailer Tow Connector End View (C439)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Left Rear Connector End View (C440)
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Vent Valve Connector End View (C450)
        • Reversing Lamp, Left Connector End View (C451)
        • Liftgate Lock Actuator Connector End View (C457)
        • Liftgate Ajar Switch, Left Connector End View (C458)
        • Liftgate Ajar Switch, Right Connector End View (C459)
        • Reversing Lamp, Right Connector End View (C461)
        • Power Point, Rear Connector End View (C474)
        • High Mounted Stoplamp Connector End View (C475)
        • Rear Wiper Motor Assembly Connector End View (C476)
        • License Lamps Connector End View (C490)
        • Key Pad Switch Assembly Connector End View (C500)
        • Lock Cylinder Switch, Left Connector End View (C502)
        • Door Entry Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C506)
        • Master Window/Door Lock/Unlock Switch Connector End View (C508a)
        • Master Window/Door Lock/Unlock Switch Connector End View (C508b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C510)
        • Inline Connector End View (C511)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Left Connector End View (C516)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Left Connector End View (C517)
        • Power Window Motor, Left Front Connector End View (C518)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Left Connector End View (C522)
        • Speaker, Left Front Connector End View (C523)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Left Front Connector End View (C525)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Left Front Connector End View (C526)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector End View (C527)
        • Inline Connector End View (C561)
        • Inline Connector End View (C562)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Right Front Connector End View (C602)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Right Front Connector End View (C603)
        • Door Lock Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C605)
        • Door Entry Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C606)
        • Inline Connector End View (C610)
        • Inline Connector End View (C611)
        • Speaker, Right Front Connector End View (C612)
        • Inline Connector End View (C621)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Right Connector End View (C622)
        • Power Window Motor, Right Front Connector End View (C623)
        • Power Window Switch, Rh Side Front Connector End View (C624)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Right Connector End View (C625)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Right Connector End View (C626)
        • Speaker, Left Rear Connector End View (C702)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Left Connector End View (C706)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Left Connector End View (C707)
        • Door Lock Actuator Assembly, Left Sliding Door Connector End View (C708)
        • Latch Reverse Actuator, Left Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C709)
        • Detent Switch, LH Connector End View (C711)
        • Speaker, Right Rear Connector End View (C802)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Right Connector End View (C806)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Right Connector End View (C807)
        • Door Lock Actuator Assembly, Right Sliding Door Connector End View (C808)
        • Latch Reverse Actuator, Right Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C809)
        • Detent Switch, RH Connector End View (C811)
        • Vanity Mirror Lamp, Right Connector End View (C906)
        • Vanity Mirror Lamp, Left Connector End View (C907)
        • Electronic Compass Connector End View (C909)
        • Vanity Mirror Lamp, Left Connector End View (C911)
        • Inline Connector End View (C913)
        • Interior Lamp, Front Connector End View (C918)
        • Inline Connector End View (C919)
        • Inline Connector End View (C922)
        • Cargo Lamp Connector End View (C926)
        • Overhead Console Connector End View (C930)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Rear Connector End View (C951)
        • Radio Control, Rear Connector End View (C953)
        • Power Sliding Door Switch, Left Connector End View (C958)
        • Video Display Connector End View (C960)
        • Map Reading Lamp, Middle Left Connector End View (C961)
        • Map Reading Lamp, Middle Right Connector End View (C962)
        • Map Reading Lamp, Rear Left Connector End View (C963)
        • Map Reading Lamp, Rear Right Connector End View (C964)
        • Power Sliding Door Switch, Left Connector End View (C969)
        • Rear Radio Delete Jumper Connector End View (C992)
        • Cargo Lamp, Auxiliary Connector End View (C993)
        • Wiper High/Low Relay Connector End View (C1001)
        • Wiper Run/Park Relay Connector End View (C1002)
        • Horn Relay Connector End View (C1006)
        • A/C Clutch Relay Connector End View (C1008)
        • PCM Power Relay Connector End View (C1016)
        • Starter Relay Connector End View (C1017)
        • PCM Power Diode Connector End View (C1018)
        • Headlamp, Left Connector End View (C1021)
        • Brake Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1025)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) Connector End View (C1035)
        • Headlamp, Right Connector End View (C1041)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1043)
        • Fuel Pump Relay Connector End View (C1051)
        • High Speed Fan Control Relay Connector End View (C1056)
        • Low Speed Fan Control Relay Connector End View (C1058)
        • Rear Wiper Relay Connector End View (C1059)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Connector End View (C1064)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1065)
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve Connector End View (C1066)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) Sensor Connector End View (C1068)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Motor 1 Connector End View (C1074)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Motor 2 Connector End View (C1077)
        • A/C High Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1078)
        • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid Valve Connector End View (C1083)
        • Rear Window Washer Pump Motor Connector End View (C1097)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100a)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100b)
        • Parking Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1113)
        • Parking Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1114)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1115)
        • Steering Position Sensor Connector End View (C1128)
        • Dropping Resistor Connector End View (C1214)
        • Adjustable Pedal Motor Connector End View (C2003)
        • Front Blower Motor Connector End View (C2004)
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector End View (C2008)
        • Rear Window Defrost Relay Connector End View (C2021)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031)
        • Power Point, Instrument Panel Connector End View (C2033)
        • Restraints Control Module Connector End View (C2041a)
        • Restrains Control Module Connector End View (C2041b)
        • Courtesy Lamp, Left Footwell Connector End View (C2056)
        • Courtesy Lamp, Right Footwell Connector End View (C2057)
        • Accessory Delay Relay Connector End View (C2075)
        • Adjustable Pedal Switch Connector End View (C2089)
        • Memory Set Switch Connector End View (C2094)
        • Traction Assist/Parking Aid Disable Switch Connector End View (C2114)
        • Tire Reset Switch Connector End View (C2117)
        • Adjustable Pedal Motor Connector End View (C2159)
        • SSP 3 Relay Connector End View (C2214)
        • SSP 4 Relay Connector End View (C2215)
        • Front Blower Motor Relay Connector End View (C2216)
        • Auxiliary Blower Motor Relay Connector End View (C2217)
        • Blend Door Actuator, Rear Connector End View (C3004)
        • Inline Connector End View (C3007)
        • Auxiliary Blower Motor Connector End View (C3021)
        • Auxiliary Blower Motor Resistor Assembly Connector End View (C3022)
        • Resistor A Connector End View (C3024)
        • Module Door Actuator, Rear Connector End View (C3044)
        • Power Point, Console 1 Connector End View (C3063)
        • Power Point, Console 2 Connector End View (C3064)
        • Safety Belt Buckle Switch, Driver Connector End View (C3065)
        • Safety Belt Buckle Switch, Passenger Connector End View (C3066)
        • Fuel Door Interlock Switch Connector End View (C3067)
        • Resistor B Connector End View (C3068)
        • Anti... Theft Horn Connector End View (C3069)
        • Rear Electronic Module (REM) Connector End View (C3070a)
        • Rear Electronic Module (REM) Connector End View (C3070b)
        • Rear Electronic Module (REM) Connector End View (C3070c)
        • Rear Electronic Module (REM) Connector End View (C3070d)
        • Rear Electronic Module (REM) Connector End View (C3070e)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, RH Side Connector End View (C3071a)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, RH Side Connector End View (C3071b)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, RH Side Connector End View (C3071c)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, RH Side Connector End View (C3071d)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, RH Side Connector End View (C3071e)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, LH Side Connector End View (C3072a)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, LH Side Connector End View (C3072b)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, LH Side Connector End View (C3072c)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, LH Side Connector End View (C3072d)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, LH Side Connector End View (C3072e)
        • Yaw Velocity Sensor Connector End View (C3073)
        • Passenger Seat Front Height Motor Connector End View (C3074)
        • Passenger Seat Rear Height Motor Connector End View (C3075)
        • Video Cassette Player Connector End View (C3076)
        • Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) Module Connector End View (C3077a)
        • Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) Module Connector End View (C3077b)
        • Position Sensor, Left Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C3078)
        • Position Sensor, Right Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C3079)
        • Motor, Left Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C3080)
        • Motor, Right Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C3081)
        • Clutch, Left Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C3082)
        • Clutch, Right Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C3083)
        • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS) Connector End View (C3159a)
        • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS) Connector End View (C3159b)
        • Auxiliary Blower Speed Relay 1 Connector End View (C3171)
        • Auxiliary Blower Speed Relay 2 Connector End View (C3172)
        • Parking Aid Sensor, Outer Left Connector End View (C4009)
        • Parking Aid Sensor, Inner Left Connector End View (C4010)
        • Parking Aid Sensor, Outer Right Connector End View (C4011)
        • Parking Aid Sensor Inner Right Connector End View (C4012)
        • Parking Aid Module (PAM) Connector End View (C4014)
        • Parking Aid Speaker Connector End View (C4015)
        • Quarter Window Motor, LH Side Rear Connector End View (C4048)
        • Quarter Window Motor, RH Side Rear Connector End View (C4090)
        • Lock Cylinder Switch, Liftgate Connector End View (C4091)
  • Charging Systems
    • Battery, Mounting And Cables
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Battery and Cables
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Battery
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Battery Condition Test
      • General Procedures
        • Battery Disconnect
      • Removal And Installation
        • Battery
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Battery Cables
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Charging System - Generators & Regulators
      • Description
      • Adjustments
        • Belt Tension
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Notes
        • Preliminary Checks
      • On-Vehicle Testing
        • Generator Load Test
        • Generator No-Load Test
        • Parasitic Draw Test
        • Electronic Module Parasitic Draw Test
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Formats
        • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
          • Notes
          • KOEO & KOER Codes
          • Continuous Memory Codes
        • Retrieving Codes
        • Reading Codes
          • Notes
          • KOEO & KOER On-Demand Self-Test Codes
          • Pass Codes
          • Continuous Memory Codes
        • Clearing Codes
          • Notes
          • PCM Reset Procedure
          • Keep Alive Random Access Memory Reset Procedure
      • Quick Test
        • Notes
        • Visual Check
        • Vehicle Preparation & Equipment Hookup
        • KOEO On-Demand Self-Test
          • Description
          • Performing Self-Test
        • KOER On-Demand Self-Test
          • Description
          • BPP, PSP & TCS Test Procedures
          • Performing Self-Test
        • Continuous Memory Self-Test
          • Description
          • Performing Self-Test
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Charging System Malfunction
        • Test B: Battery Will Not Stay Charged
        • Test C: Charge Warning Indicator Malfunction
        • Test D: Generator Is Noisy
        • Test E: Radio Interference
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Generator
          • Removal & Installation
      • Generator Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • 2002
        • 2003
  • Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Imported Cars & Trucks
        • ACURA
        • AUDI
        • BENTLEY
        • BMW
        • DAIHATSU
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • FERRARI
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • HONDA
        • HYUNDAI
        • INFINITI
        • ISUZU
        • Jaguar
        • KIA
        • Land Rover
        • LEXUS
        • MAZDA
        • MERCEDES-BENZ
        • MITSUBISHI
        • NISSAN
        • PEUGEOT
        • PORSCHE
        • RENAULT
        • Rolls-ROYCE
        • SAAB
        • SUBARU
        • SUZUKI
        • TOYOTA
        • VOLKSWAGEN
        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
      • Grounds
      • Splices
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fuses & Circuit Breakers
    • Identification
      • Notes
      • Auxiliary A/C Blower Relay Module
      • Battery Junction Box
      • Central Junction Box
      • Fusible Links
  • Gauges
    • Information Center
      • Description And Operation
        • Information And Message Center
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Information And Message Center
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Information Displays
            • Setup Displays
            • Warning Messages
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Message Center Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • Instrument Cluster Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • FEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • REM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Message Center Module (MCM)
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Compass Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Message Center Is Not Operating Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Message Center Switch Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Indicator Does Not Operate Correctly - Outside Temperature Display
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Indicator Does Not Operate Correctly - Low Fuel Level Display
            • Pinpoint Test G: The LAMPOUT Warning Indicator Is Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Vehicle Demagnetizing
        • Compass Zone Adjustment
        • Compass Calibration
      • Removal And Installation
        • Message Center Switch
          • Removal and Installation
    • Instrument Cluster System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Notes
          • Instrument Cluster (Standard)
          • Instrument Cluster (Optional)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Warning Indicators
            • The Low Tire Warning Indicator
            • The Check Fuel Cap Indicator
            • The TRAC ACTIVE Indicator (if equipped)
            • The TRAC OFF Indicator (if equipped)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Instrument Cluster Dealer Test Mode
            • Notes
            • Instrument Cluster Self-Test
            • Instrument Cluster Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • FEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • REM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • PCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Instrument Cluster
            • Pinpoint Test B: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test C: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Low Oil Pressure Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Speedometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Door Ajar Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Charge System Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test J: The High Beam Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Low Washer Fluid Level Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Anti-Lock Brake System (Abs) Warning Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Traction Control Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test N: The O/D Off Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Check Engine Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Turn/Hazard Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The Odometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Tachometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Low Tire Warning Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test T: The Lamp Outage Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test U: The Check Fuel Cap Indicator Is Inoperative/Always On
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Cluster Lens
          • Removal and Installation
    • Instrument Cluster System And Panel Illumination
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Instrument Cluster and Panel Backlighting - Dimmable
            • Non-Dimmable (Fixed) Backlighting
            • Fault Management
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Instrument Cluster Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Instrument Cluster
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Climate Control Illumination Is Inoperative - Front Or Rear (If Equipped)
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Audio System Illumination Is Inoperative - Front Or Rear Controls
            • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Illumination Source Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Instrument Panel Illumination Does Not Dim - Backlighting Is On At Full Brightness Level
      • Removal And Installation
        • Bulb - Climate Control
          • Removal and Installation
    • Instrument Panel And Console
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Panel
        • Console - Floor
        • Console - Overhead
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Instrument Panel - Cluster Finish Panel
          • Removal
        • Floor Console
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Floor Console - Video System
          • Removal and Installation
        • Overhead Console
          • Removal and Installation
  • Horns
    • Horn System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Horn
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Horn
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • FEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Horn Does Not Sound
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Horn Sounds Continuously
      • Removal And Installation
        • Horn
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Switch
          • Removal and Installation
  • Motors, Switches, Relays
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C Clutch Field Coil Connector End View (C100)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C101)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102a)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102b)
        • Oil Pressure Switch Connector End View (C103)
        • Inline Connector End View (C110)
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch Connector End View (C121)
        • Speed Control Servo Connector End View (C122)
        • EVAP Canister Purge Valve Connector End View (C123)
        • Brake Fluid Level Switch Connector End View (C124)
        • Windshield Wiper Motor Connector End View (C125)
        • Anti... Theft Hood Switch Connector End View (C127)
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor Connector End View (C128)
        • A/C Clutch Cycling Pressure Switch Connector End View (C130)
        • Horn Connector End View (C131)
        • Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C132)
        • Inline Connector End View (C133)
        • Inline Connector End View (C134)
        • ABS Control Module Connector End View (C135)
        • Windshield Washer Pump Motor Connector End View (C137)
        • Washer Fluid Level Switch Connector End View (C138)
        • Inline Connector End View (C139)
        • Inline Connector End View (C140)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #22 Connector End View (C141)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 Connector End View (C142)
        • Turbine Shaft Speed (TSS) Sensor Connector End View (C143)
        • Inline Connector End View (C144)
        • Inline Connector End View (C145)
        • Inline Connector End View (C146)
        • Brake Booster Sensor Connector End View (C149)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Left Front Connector End View (C150)
        • Side Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C151)
        • ABS Control Module Connector End View (C155)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Right Front Connector End View (C160)
        • Slide Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C161)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) Senor Connector End View (C167)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 Connector End View (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #21 Connector End View (C172)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector End View (C175)
        • Non... Speed Control Jumper Connector End View (C176)
        • Forward Crash Sensor Connector End View (C177)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C182)
        • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View (C183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C185)
        • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View (C186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C189)
        • Inlet Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Module Connector End View (C191)
        • Inline Connector End View (C192)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) sensor Connector End View (C193)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197a)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197b)
        • AX4S/4F50N Transmission Connector End View (C199)
        • Front Electronic Module (FEM) Connector End View (C201a)
        • Front Electronic Module (FEM) Connector End View (C201b)
        • Front Electronic Module (FEM) Connector End View (C201c)
        • Front Electronic Module (FEM) Connector End View (C201d)
        • Front Electronic Module (FEM) Connector End View (C201e)
        • Front Electronic Module (FEM) Connector End View (C201f)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202)
        • Main Light Switch Connector End View (C205a)
        • Main Light Switch Connector End View (C205b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C210)
        • Inline Connector End View (C211)
        • Inline Connector End View (C212)
        • Inline Connector End View (C213)
        • Inline Connector End View (C214)
        • Inline Connector End View (C215)
        • Driver Air Bag Unit Connector End View (C216)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218a)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C219)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220a)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220b)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220c)
        • Microphone Connector End View (C221)
        • Tralier Electronic Brake Control Module Connector End View (C239)
        • Ignition Switch Connector End View (C250)
        • Data Link Connector (DLC) Connector End View (C251)
        • Passive Anti... Theft Transceiver Module Connector End View (C252)
        • Message Center Switch Connector End View (C253)
        • Glove Box Lamp Connector End View (C254)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connector End View (C256)
        • Inline Connector End View (C263)
        • Inline Connector End View (C264)
        • Inline Connector End View (C265)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C270a)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C270b)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C270c)
        • Central Junction Box Connector End View (C270d)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C270e)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C270f)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C270g)
        • Front Blower Motor Speed Controller Connector End View (C271)
        • Remote Keyless Entry Module Connector End View (C272)
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C278)
        • Transmission Control Switch Connector End View (C279)
        • Autolamp Sensor Connector End View (C287)
        • Temperature Blend Door Actuator Connector End View (C289)
        • Radio Connector End View (C290a)
        • Radio Connector End View (C290b)
        • Front Blower Motor Resistor Assembly Connector End View (C293)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294a)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C300)
        • Passenger Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C303)
        • Slide Air Bag Sensor, Right Connector End View (C304)
        • Slide Air Bag Sensor, Left Connector End View (C305)
        • Parking Brake Switch Connector End View (C306)
        • Inline Connector End View (C311)
        • Inline Connector End View (C312)
        • Inline Connector End View (C313)
        • Inline Connector End View (C314)
        • Inline Connector End View (C315)
        • Inline Connector End View (C316)
        • Driver Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C323)
        • Inline Connector End View (C327)
        • Inline Connector End View (C328)
        • Heated Seat Module, Passenger Side Front Connector End View (C329)
        • Seat Adjust Switch, Passenger Side Front Connector End View (C330)
        • Lumbar Adjust Switch, Right Front Connector End View (C331)
        • Passenger Seat Horizontal Motor Connector End View (C332)
        • Seat Cushion Heater, Right Front Connector End View (C334)
        • Seat Back Heater, Right Front Connector End View (C335)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Drive Side Connector End View (C336)
        • Slide Air Bag Module, Right Connector End View (C337)
        • Inline Connector End View (C339)
        • Inline Connector End View (C340)
        • Driver Seat Module Connector End View (C341a)
        • Driver Seat Module Connector End View (C341b)
        • Driver Seat Module Connector End View (C341c)
        • Driver Seat Module Connector End View (C341d)
        • Seat Heater Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C342)
        • Seat Heater Switch, Driver Side Connector End View (C344)
        • Seat Track Position Sensor, Left Connector End View (C356)
        • Heated Seat Module, Driver Side Front Connector End View (C359)
        • Seat Adjust Switch, Driver Side Front Connector End View (C360)
        • Lumbar Adjust Switch, Left Front Connector End View (C361)
        • Driver Seat Horizontal Motor Connector End View (C362)
        • Driver Seat Rear Height Motor Connector End View (C363)
        • Seat Cushion Heater, Left Front Connector End View (C364)
        • Seat Back Heater, Left Front Connector End View (C365)
        • Driver Seat Lumber Compressor Motor Connector End View (C366)
        • Side Air Bag Module, Left Connector End View (C367)
        • Sliding Door Entry Lamp, Left Connector End View (C371)
        • Driver Memory Seat Horizontal Sensor Connector End View (C372)
        • Driver Memory Seat Rear Height Sensor Connector End View (C373)
        • In Line Fuse Connector End View (C375)
        • Driver Seat Front Height Motor Connector End View (C382)
        • Driver Memory Seat Front Height Sensor Connector End View (C383)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Right Connector End View (C384)
        • Docking Station Connector End View (C390)
        • Sliding Door Entry Lamp, Right Connector End View (C391)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch Connector End View (C392)
        • Speaker, Left Rear Connector End View (C395)
        • Sliding Door Ajar Switch, Left Connector End View (C397)
        • Sliding Door Ajar Switch, Right Connector End View (C398)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Left Connector End View (C399)
        • Rear Window Defrost Grid Connector End View (C402a)
        • Rear Window Defrost Grid Connector End View (C402b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C405)
        • Inline Connector End View (C406)
        • Inline Connector End View (C408)
        • Inline Connector End View (C410)
        • Inline Connector End View (C411)
        • Turn Lamp, Left Rear Connector End View (C413)
        • Turn Lamp, Right Rear Connector End View (C416)
        • Park/Stop Lamp, Right Rear Connector End View (C418)
        • Park/Stop Lamp, Left Rear Connector End View (C419)
        • Inline Connector End View (C421)
        • Inline Connector End View (C422)
        • Trailer Low Control Unit Connector End View (C425)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Right Rear Connector End View (C426)
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector End View (C433)
        • Trailer Tow Connector End View (C439)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Left Rear Connector End View (C440)
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Vent Valve Connector End View (C450)
        • Reversing Lamp, Left Connector End View (C451)
        • Liftgate Lock Actuator Connector End View (C457)
        • Liftgate Ajar Switch, Left Connector End View (C458)
        • Liftgate Ajar Switch, Right Connector End View (C459)
        • Reversing Lamp, Right Connector End View (C461)
        • Power Point, Rear Connector End View (C474)
        • High Mounted Stoplamp Connector End View (C475)
        • Rear Wiper Motor Assembly Connector End View (C476)
        • License Lamps Connector End View (C490)
        • Key Pad Switch Assembly Connector End View (C500)
        • Lock Cylinder Switch, Left Connector End View (C502)
        • Door Entry Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C506)
        • Master Window/Door Lock/Unlock Switch Connector End View (C508a)
        • Master Window/Door Lock/Unlock Switch Connector End View (C508b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C510)
        • Inline Connector End View (C511)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Left Connector End View (C516)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Left Connector End View (C517)
        • Power Window Motor, Left Front Connector End View (C518)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Left Connector End View (C522)
        • Speaker, Left Front Connector End View (C523)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Left Front Connector End View (C525)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Left Front Connector End View (C526)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector End View (C527)
        • Inline Connector End View (C561)
        • Inline Connector End View (C562)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Right Front Connector End View (C602)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Right Front Connector End View (C603)
        • Door Lock Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C605)
        • Door Entry Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C606)
        • Inline Connector End View (C610)
        • Inline Connector End View (C611)
        • Speaker, Right Front Connector End View (C612)
        • Inline Connector End View (C621)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Right Connector End View (C622)
        • Power Window Motor, Right Front Connector End View (C623)
        • Power Window Switch, Rh Side Front Connector End View (C624)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Right Connector End View (C625)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Right Connector End View (C626)
        • Speaker, Left Rear Connector End View (C702)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Left Connector End View (C706)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Left Connector End View (C707)
        • Door Lock Actuator Assembly, Left Sliding Door Connector End View (C708)
        • Latch Reverse Actuator, Left Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C709)
        • Detent Switch, LH Connector End View (C711)
        • Speaker, Right Rear Connector End View (C802)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Right Connector End View (C806)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Right Connector End View (C807)
        • Door Lock Actuator Assembly, Right Sliding Door Connector End View (C808)
        • Latch Reverse Actuator, Right Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C809)
        • Detent Switch, RH Connector End View (C811)
        • Vanity Mirror Lamp, Right Connector End View (C906)
        • Vanity Mirror Lamp, Left Connector End View (C907)
        • Electronic Compass Connector End View (C909)
        • Vanity Mirror Lamp, Left Connector End View (C911)
        • Inline Connector End View (C913)
        • Interior Lamp, Front Connector End View (C918)
        • Inline Connector End View (C919)
        • Inline Connector End View (C922)
        • Cargo Lamp Connector End View (C926)
        • Overhead Console Connector End View (C930)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Rear Connector End View (C951)
        • Radio Control, Rear Connector End View (C953)
        • Power Sliding Door Switch, Left Connector End View (C958)
        • Video Display Connector End View (C960)
        • Map Reading Lamp, Middle Left Connector End View (C961)
        • Map Reading Lamp, Middle Right Connector End View (C962)
        • Map Reading Lamp, Rear Left Connector End View (C963)
        • Map Reading Lamp, Rear Right Connector End View (C964)
        • Power Sliding Door Switch, Left Connector End View (C969)
        • Rear Radio Delete Jumper Connector End View (C992)
        • Cargo Lamp, Auxiliary Connector End View (C993)
        • Wiper High/Low Relay Connector End View (C1001)
        • Wiper Run/Park Relay Connector End View (C1002)
        • Horn Relay Connector End View (C1006)
        • A/C Clutch Relay Connector End View (C1008)
        • PCM Power Relay Connector End View (C1016)
        • Starter Relay Connector End View (C1017)
        • PCM Power Diode Connector End View (C1018)
        • Headlamp, Left Connector End View (C1021)
        • Brake Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1025)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) Connector End View (C1035)
        • Headlamp, Right Connector End View (C1041)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1043)
        • Fuel Pump Relay Connector End View (C1051)
        • High Speed Fan Control Relay Connector End View (C1056)
        • Low Speed Fan Control Relay Connector End View (C1058)
        • Rear Wiper Relay Connector End View (C1059)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Connector End View (C1064)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1065)
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve Connector End View (C1066)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) Sensor Connector End View (C1068)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Motor 1 Connector End View (C1074)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Motor 2 Connector End View (C1077)
        • A/C High Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1078)
        • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid Valve Connector End View (C1083)
        • Rear Window Washer Pump Motor Connector End View (C1097)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100a)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100b)
        • Parking Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1113)
        • Parking Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1114)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1115)
        • Steering Position Sensor Connector End View (C1128)
        • Dropping Resistor Connector End View (C1214)
        • Adjustable Pedal Motor Connector End View (C2003)
        • Front Blower Motor Connector End View (C2004)
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector End View (C2008)
        • Rear Window Defrost Relay Connector End View (C2021)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031)
        • Power Point, Instrument Panel Connector End View (C2033)
        • Restraints Control Module Connector End View (C2041a)
        • Restrains Control Module Connector End View (C2041b)
        • Courtesy Lamp, Left Footwell Connector End View (C2056)
        • Courtesy Lamp, Right Footwell Connector End View (C2057)
        • Accessory Delay Relay Connector End View (C2075)
        • Adjustable Pedal Switch Connector End View (C2089)
        • Memory Set Switch Connector End View (C2094)
        • Traction Assist/Parking Aid Disable Switch Connector End View (C2114)
        • Tire Reset Switch Connector End View (C2117)
        • Adjustable Pedal Motor Connector End View (C2159)
        • SSP 3 Relay Connector End View (C2214)
        • SSP 4 Relay Connector End View (C2215)
        • Front Blower Motor Relay Connector End View (C2216)
        • Auxiliary Blower Motor Relay Connector End View (C2217)
        • Blend Door Actuator, Rear Connector End View (C3004)
        • Inline Connector End View (C3007)
        • Auxiliary Blower Motor Connector End View (C3021)
        • Auxiliary Blower Motor Resistor Assembly Connector End View (C3022)
        • Resistor A Connector End View (C3024)
        • Module Door Actuator, Rear Connector End View (C3044)
        • Power Point, Console 1 Connector End View (C3063)
        • Power Point, Console 2 Connector End View (C3064)
        • Safety Belt Buckle Switch, Driver Connector End View (C3065)
        • Safety Belt Buckle Switch, Passenger Connector End View (C3066)
        • Fuel Door Interlock Switch Connector End View (C3067)
        • Resistor B Connector End View (C3068)
        • Anti... Theft Horn Connector End View (C3069)
        • Rear Electronic Module (REM) Connector End View (C3070a)
        • Rear Electronic Module (REM) Connector End View (C3070b)
        • Rear Electronic Module (REM) Connector End View (C3070c)
        • Rear Electronic Module (REM) Connector End View (C3070d)
        • Rear Electronic Module (REM) Connector End View (C3070e)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, RH Side Connector End View (C3071a)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, RH Side Connector End View (C3071b)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, RH Side Connector End View (C3071c)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, RH Side Connector End View (C3071d)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, RH Side Connector End View (C3071e)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, LH Side Connector End View (C3072a)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, LH Side Connector End View (C3072b)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, LH Side Connector End View (C3072c)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, LH Side Connector End View (C3072d)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, LH Side Connector End View (C3072e)
        • Yaw Velocity Sensor Connector End View (C3073)
        • Passenger Seat Front Height Motor Connector End View (C3074)
        • Passenger Seat Rear Height Motor Connector End View (C3075)
        • Video Cassette Player Connector End View (C3076)
        • Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) Module Connector End View (C3077a)
        • Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) Module Connector End View (C3077b)
        • Position Sensor, Left Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C3078)
        • Position Sensor, Right Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C3079)
        • Motor, Left Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C3080)
        • Motor, Right Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C3081)
        • Clutch, Left Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C3082)
        • Clutch, Right Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C3083)
        • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS) Connector End View (C3159a)
        • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS) Connector End View (C3159b)
        • Auxiliary Blower Speed Relay 1 Connector End View (C3171)
        • Auxiliary Blower Speed Relay 2 Connector End View (C3172)
        • Parking Aid Sensor, Outer Left Connector End View (C4009)
        • Parking Aid Sensor, Inner Left Connector End View (C4010)
        • Parking Aid Sensor, Outer Right Connector End View (C4011)
        • Parking Aid Sensor Inner Right Connector End View (C4012)
        • Parking Aid Module (PAM) Connector End View (C4014)
        • Parking Aid Speaker Connector End View (C4015)
        • Quarter Window Motor, LH Side Rear Connector End View (C4048)
        • Quarter Window Motor, RH Side Rear Connector End View (C4090)
        • Lock Cylinder Switch, Liftgate Connector End View (C4091)
  • Starter
    • Starting System
      • Description
      • Component Locations
      • Adjustments
        • Digital Transmission Range Sensor
      • Trouble Shooting
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Starter Does Not Crank
        • Test B: Unusual Starter Noise
      • Component Tests
        • Starter Interrupt Relay
      • On-Vehicle Testing
        • Voltage Drop Test
        • Starter Ground Circuit Test
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Starter Motor
          • Removal & Installation
      • Starter Motor Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • 2002
        • 2003
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C Clutch Field Coil Connector End View (C100)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C101)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102a)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102b)
        • Oil Pressure Switch Connector End View (C103)
        • Inline Connector End View (C110)
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch Connector End View (C121)
        • Speed Control Servo Connector End View (C122)
        • EVAP Canister Purge Valve Connector End View (C123)
        • Brake Fluid Level Switch Connector End View (C124)
        • Windshield Wiper Motor Connector End View (C125)
        • Anti... Theft Hood Switch Connector End View (C127)
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor Connector End View (C128)
        • A/C Clutch Cycling Pressure Switch Connector End View (C130)
        • Horn Connector End View (C131)
        • Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C132)
        • Inline Connector End View (C133)
        • Inline Connector End View (C134)
        • ABS Control Module Connector End View (C135)
        • Windshield Washer Pump Motor Connector End View (C137)
        • Washer Fluid Level Switch Connector End View (C138)
        • Inline Connector End View (C139)
        • Inline Connector End View (C140)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #22 Connector End View (C141)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 Connector End View (C142)
        • Turbine Shaft Speed (TSS) Sensor Connector End View (C143)
        • Inline Connector End View (C144)
        • Inline Connector End View (C145)
        • Inline Connector End View (C146)
        • Brake Booster Sensor Connector End View (C149)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Left Front Connector End View (C150)
        • Side Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C151)
        • ABS Control Module Connector End View (C155)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Right Front Connector End View (C160)
        • Slide Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C161)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) Senor Connector End View (C167)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 Connector End View (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #21 Connector End View (C172)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector End View (C175)
        • Non... Speed Control Jumper Connector End View (C176)
        • Forward Crash Sensor Connector End View (C177)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C182)
        • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View (C183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C185)
        • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View (C186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C189)
        • Inlet Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Module Connector End View (C191)
        • Inline Connector End View (C192)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) sensor Connector End View (C193)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197a)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197b)
        • AX4S/4F50N Transmission Connector End View (C199)
        • Front Electronic Module (FEM) Connector End View (C201a)
        • Front Electronic Module (FEM) Connector End View (C201b)
        • Front Electronic Module (FEM) Connector End View (C201c)
        • Front Electronic Module (FEM) Connector End View (C201d)
        • Front Electronic Module (FEM) Connector End View (C201e)
        • Front Electronic Module (FEM) Connector End View (C201f)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202)
        • Main Light Switch Connector End View (C205a)
        • Main Light Switch Connector End View (C205b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C210)
        • Inline Connector End View (C211)
        • Inline Connector End View (C212)
        • Inline Connector End View (C213)
        • Inline Connector End View (C214)
        • Inline Connector End View (C215)
        • Driver Air Bag Unit Connector End View (C216)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218a)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C219)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220a)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220b)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220c)
        • Microphone Connector End View (C221)
        • Tralier Electronic Brake Control Module Connector End View (C239)
        • Ignition Switch Connector End View (C250)
        • Data Link Connector (DLC) Connector End View (C251)
        • Passive Anti... Theft Transceiver Module Connector End View (C252)
        • Message Center Switch Connector End View (C253)
        • Glove Box Lamp Connector End View (C254)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connector End View (C256)
        • Inline Connector End View (C263)
        • Inline Connector End View (C264)
        • Inline Connector End View (C265)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C270a)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C270b)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C270c)
        • Central Junction Box Connector End View (C270d)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C270e)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C270f)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C270g)
        • Front Blower Motor Speed Controller Connector End View (C271)
        • Remote Keyless Entry Module Connector End View (C272)
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C278)
        • Transmission Control Switch Connector End View (C279)
        • Autolamp Sensor Connector End View (C287)
        • Temperature Blend Door Actuator Connector End View (C289)
        • Radio Connector End View (C290a)
        • Radio Connector End View (C290b)
        • Front Blower Motor Resistor Assembly Connector End View (C293)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294a)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C300)
        • Passenger Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C303)
        • Slide Air Bag Sensor, Right Connector End View (C304)
        • Slide Air Bag Sensor, Left Connector End View (C305)
        • Parking Brake Switch Connector End View (C306)
        • Inline Connector End View (C311)
        • Inline Connector End View (C312)
        • Inline Connector End View (C313)
        • Inline Connector End View (C314)
        • Inline Connector End View (C315)
        • Inline Connector End View (C316)
        • Driver Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C323)
        • Inline Connector End View (C327)
        • Inline Connector End View (C328)
        • Heated Seat Module, Passenger Side Front Connector End View (C329)
        • Seat Adjust Switch, Passenger Side Front Connector End View (C330)
        • Lumbar Adjust Switch, Right Front Connector End View (C331)
        • Passenger Seat Horizontal Motor Connector End View (C332)
        • Seat Cushion Heater, Right Front Connector End View (C334)
        • Seat Back Heater, Right Front Connector End View (C335)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Drive Side Connector End View (C336)
        • Slide Air Bag Module, Right Connector End View (C337)
        • Inline Connector End View (C339)
        • Inline Connector End View (C340)
        • Driver Seat Module Connector End View (C341a)
        • Driver Seat Module Connector End View (C341b)
        • Driver Seat Module Connector End View (C341c)
        • Driver Seat Module Connector End View (C341d)
        • Seat Heater Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C342)
        • Seat Heater Switch, Driver Side Connector End View (C344)
        • Seat Track Position Sensor, Left Connector End View (C356)
        • Heated Seat Module, Driver Side Front Connector End View (C359)
        • Seat Adjust Switch, Driver Side Front Connector End View (C360)
        • Lumbar Adjust Switch, Left Front Connector End View (C361)
        • Driver Seat Horizontal Motor Connector End View (C362)
        • Driver Seat Rear Height Motor Connector End View (C363)
        • Seat Cushion Heater, Left Front Connector End View (C364)
        • Seat Back Heater, Left Front Connector End View (C365)
        • Driver Seat Lumber Compressor Motor Connector End View (C366)
        • Side Air Bag Module, Left Connector End View (C367)
        • Sliding Door Entry Lamp, Left Connector End View (C371)
        • Driver Memory Seat Horizontal Sensor Connector End View (C372)
        • Driver Memory Seat Rear Height Sensor Connector End View (C373)
        • In Line Fuse Connector End View (C375)
        • Driver Seat Front Height Motor Connector End View (C382)
        • Driver Memory Seat Front Height Sensor Connector End View (C383)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Right Connector End View (C384)
        • Docking Station Connector End View (C390)
        • Sliding Door Entry Lamp, Right Connector End View (C391)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch Connector End View (C392)
        • Speaker, Left Rear Connector End View (C395)
        • Sliding Door Ajar Switch, Left Connector End View (C397)
        • Sliding Door Ajar Switch, Right Connector End View (C398)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Left Connector End View (C399)
        • Rear Window Defrost Grid Connector End View (C402a)
        • Rear Window Defrost Grid Connector End View (C402b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C405)
        • Inline Connector End View (C406)
        • Inline Connector End View (C408)
        • Inline Connector End View (C410)
        • Inline Connector End View (C411)
        • Turn Lamp, Left Rear Connector End View (C413)
        • Turn Lamp, Right Rear Connector End View (C416)
        • Park/Stop Lamp, Right Rear Connector End View (C418)
        • Park/Stop Lamp, Left Rear Connector End View (C419)
        • Inline Connector End View (C421)
        • Inline Connector End View (C422)
        • Trailer Low Control Unit Connector End View (C425)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Right Rear Connector End View (C426)
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector End View (C433)
        • Trailer Tow Connector End View (C439)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Left Rear Connector End View (C440)
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Vent Valve Connector End View (C450)
        • Reversing Lamp, Left Connector End View (C451)
        • Liftgate Lock Actuator Connector End View (C457)
        • Liftgate Ajar Switch, Left Connector End View (C458)
        • Liftgate Ajar Switch, Right Connector End View (C459)
        • Reversing Lamp, Right Connector End View (C461)
        • Power Point, Rear Connector End View (C474)
        • High Mounted Stoplamp Connector End View (C475)
        • Rear Wiper Motor Assembly Connector End View (C476)
        • License Lamps Connector End View (C490)
        • Key Pad Switch Assembly Connector End View (C500)
        • Lock Cylinder Switch, Left Connector End View (C502)
        • Door Entry Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C506)
        • Master Window/Door Lock/Unlock Switch Connector End View (C508a)
        • Master Window/Door Lock/Unlock Switch Connector End View (C508b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C510)
        • Inline Connector End View (C511)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Left Connector End View (C516)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Left Connector End View (C517)
        • Power Window Motor, Left Front Connector End View (C518)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Left Connector End View (C522)
        • Speaker, Left Front Connector End View (C523)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Left Front Connector End View (C525)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Left Front Connector End View (C526)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector End View (C527)
        • Inline Connector End View (C561)
        • Inline Connector End View (C562)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Right Front Connector End View (C602)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Right Front Connector End View (C603)
        • Door Lock Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C605)
        • Door Entry Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C606)
        • Inline Connector End View (C610)
        • Inline Connector End View (C611)
        • Speaker, Right Front Connector End View (C612)
        • Inline Connector End View (C621)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Right Connector End View (C622)
        • Power Window Motor, Right Front Connector End View (C623)
        • Power Window Switch, Rh Side Front Connector End View (C624)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Right Connector End View (C625)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Right Connector End View (C626)
        • Speaker, Left Rear Connector End View (C702)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Left Connector End View (C706)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Left Connector End View (C707)
        • Door Lock Actuator Assembly, Left Sliding Door Connector End View (C708)
        • Latch Reverse Actuator, Left Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C709)
        • Detent Switch, LH Connector End View (C711)
        • Speaker, Right Rear Connector End View (C802)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Right Connector End View (C806)
        • Sliding Door Contact Switch, Right Connector End View (C807)
        • Door Lock Actuator Assembly, Right Sliding Door Connector End View (C808)
        • Latch Reverse Actuator, Right Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C809)
        • Detent Switch, RH Connector End View (C811)
        • Vanity Mirror Lamp, Right Connector End View (C906)
        • Vanity Mirror Lamp, Left Connector End View (C907)
        • Electronic Compass Connector End View (C909)
        • Vanity Mirror Lamp, Left Connector End View (C911)
        • Inline Connector End View (C913)
        • Interior Lamp, Front Connector End View (C918)
        • Inline Connector End View (C919)
        • Inline Connector End View (C922)
        • Cargo Lamp Connector End View (C926)
        • Overhead Console Connector End View (C930)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Rear Connector End View (C951)
        • Radio Control, Rear Connector End View (C953)
        • Power Sliding Door Switch, Left Connector End View (C958)
        • Video Display Connector End View (C960)
        • Map Reading Lamp, Middle Left Connector End View (C961)
        • Map Reading Lamp, Middle Right Connector End View (C962)
        • Map Reading Lamp, Rear Left Connector End View (C963)
        • Map Reading Lamp, Rear Right Connector End View (C964)
        • Power Sliding Door Switch, Left Connector End View (C969)
        • Rear Radio Delete Jumper Connector End View (C992)
        • Cargo Lamp, Auxiliary Connector End View (C993)
        • Wiper High/Low Relay Connector End View (C1001)
        • Wiper Run/Park Relay Connector End View (C1002)
        • Horn Relay Connector End View (C1006)
        • A/C Clutch Relay Connector End View (C1008)
        • PCM Power Relay Connector End View (C1016)
        • Starter Relay Connector End View (C1017)
        • PCM Power Diode Connector End View (C1018)
        • Headlamp, Left Connector End View (C1021)
        • Brake Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1025)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) Connector End View (C1035)
        • Headlamp, Right Connector End View (C1041)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1043)
        • Fuel Pump Relay Connector End View (C1051)
        • High Speed Fan Control Relay Connector End View (C1056)
        • Low Speed Fan Control Relay Connector End View (C1058)
        • Rear Wiper Relay Connector End View (C1059)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Connector End View (C1064)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1065)
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve Connector End View (C1066)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) Sensor Connector End View (C1068)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Motor 1 Connector End View (C1074)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Motor 2 Connector End View (C1077)
        • A/C High Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1078)
        • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid Valve Connector End View (C1083)
        • Rear Window Washer Pump Motor Connector End View (C1097)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100a)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100b)
        • Parking Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1113)
        • Parking Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1114)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1115)
        • Steering Position Sensor Connector End View (C1128)
        • Dropping Resistor Connector End View (C1214)
        • Adjustable Pedal Motor Connector End View (C2003)
        • Front Blower Motor Connector End View (C2004)
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector End View (C2008)
        • Rear Window Defrost Relay Connector End View (C2021)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031)
        • Power Point, Instrument Panel Connector End View (C2033)
        • Restraints Control Module Connector End View (C2041a)
        • Restrains Control Module Connector End View (C2041b)
        • Courtesy Lamp, Left Footwell Connector End View (C2056)
        • Courtesy Lamp, Right Footwell Connector End View (C2057)
        • Accessory Delay Relay Connector End View (C2075)
        • Adjustable Pedal Switch Connector End View (C2089)
        • Memory Set Switch Connector End View (C2094)
        • Traction Assist/Parking Aid Disable Switch Connector End View (C2114)
        • Tire Reset Switch Connector End View (C2117)
        • Adjustable Pedal Motor Connector End View (C2159)
        • SSP 3 Relay Connector End View (C2214)
        • SSP 4 Relay Connector End View (C2215)
        • Front Blower Motor Relay Connector End View (C2216)
        • Auxiliary Blower Motor Relay Connector End View (C2217)
        • Blend Door Actuator, Rear Connector End View (C3004)
        • Inline Connector End View (C3007)
        • Auxiliary Blower Motor Connector End View (C3021)
        • Auxiliary Blower Motor Resistor Assembly Connector End View (C3022)
        • Resistor A Connector End View (C3024)
        • Module Door Actuator, Rear Connector End View (C3044)
        • Power Point, Console 1 Connector End View (C3063)
        • Power Point, Console 2 Connector End View (C3064)
        • Safety Belt Buckle Switch, Driver Connector End View (C3065)
        • Safety Belt Buckle Switch, Passenger Connector End View (C3066)
        • Fuel Door Interlock Switch Connector End View (C3067)
        • Resistor B Connector End View (C3068)
        • Anti... Theft Horn Connector End View (C3069)
        • Rear Electronic Module (REM) Connector End View (C3070a)
        • Rear Electronic Module (REM) Connector End View (C3070b)
        • Rear Electronic Module (REM) Connector End View (C3070c)
        • Rear Electronic Module (REM) Connector End View (C3070d)
        • Rear Electronic Module (REM) Connector End View (C3070e)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, RH Side Connector End View (C3071a)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, RH Side Connector End View (C3071b)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, RH Side Connector End View (C3071c)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, RH Side Connector End View (C3071d)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, RH Side Connector End View (C3071e)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, LH Side Connector End View (C3072a)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, LH Side Connector End View (C3072b)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, LH Side Connector End View (C3072c)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, LH Side Connector End View (C3072d)
        • Module, Power Sliding Door, LH Side Connector End View (C3072e)
        • Yaw Velocity Sensor Connector End View (C3073)
        • Passenger Seat Front Height Motor Connector End View (C3074)
        • Passenger Seat Rear Height Motor Connector End View (C3075)
        • Video Cassette Player Connector End View (C3076)
        • Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) Module Connector End View (C3077a)
        • Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) Module Connector End View (C3077b)
        • Position Sensor, Left Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C3078)
        • Position Sensor, Right Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C3079)
        • Motor, Left Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C3080)
        • Motor, Right Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C3081)
        • Clutch, Left Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C3082)
        • Clutch, Right Power Sliding Door Connector End View (C3083)
        • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS) Connector End View (C3159a)
        • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS) Connector End View (C3159b)
        • Auxiliary Blower Speed Relay 1 Connector End View (C3171)
        • Auxiliary Blower Speed Relay 2 Connector End View (C3172)
        • Parking Aid Sensor, Outer Left Connector End View (C4009)
        • Parking Aid Sensor, Inner Left Connector End View (C4010)
        • Parking Aid Sensor, Outer Right Connector End View (C4011)
        • Parking Aid Sensor Inner Right Connector End View (C4012)
        • Parking Aid Module (PAM) Connector End View (C4014)
        • Parking Aid Speaker Connector End View (C4015)
        • Quarter Window Motor, LH Side Rear Connector End View (C4048)
        • Quarter Window Motor, RH Side Rear Connector End View (C4090)
        • Lock Cylinder Switch, Liftgate Connector End View (C4091)
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Body Control Modules
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cooling Fan
      • Cruise Control
      • Defoggers
      • Engine Performance
        • 3.8L
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Memory Systems
      • Navigation
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Seats
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlock
      • Starting/Charging
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
      • Trunk, Tailgate, Fuel Door
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Engine Mechanical
  • Accessory Drive Belts
    • Cooling System Specifications & Drive Belt Routing
      • Belt Adjustment
        • Notes
        • Belt Tension Adjustment Specifications (Villager)
        • Belt Tension Adjustment Specifications (Except Villager)
      • Drive Belt Routing
        • Notes
        • Drive Belt Routing (ECONOLINE & F150 Pickup - 4.2L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (BLACKWOOD, ECONOLINE, Excursion, Expedition, F150-550 Pickup & Navigator 4.6L, 5.4L & 6.8L With A/C, & Explorer & Mountaineer 4.6L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (ECONOLINE - 7.3L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Escape - 2.0L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Excursion & F250-550 Pickup 7.3L Diesel)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport TRAC, Mountaineer & Ranger - 4.0L SOHC With A/C)
        • Drive Belt Routing (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC)
        • Ranger - Except 4.0L SOHC With A/C
          • Drive Belt Routing (Ranger - 2.3L)
          • Drive Belt Routing (Ranger - 3.0L)
          • Drive Belt Routing (Ranger - 4.0L SOHC)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Villager - 3.3L With A/C)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Windstar - 3.8L)
      • Cooling System Specifications
        • Coolant Replacement Interval
        • Cooling System Specifications (BLACKWOOD)
        • Cooling System Specifications (ECONOLINE)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Expedition & Navigator)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Excursion & F250-550 Pickups)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Escape)
        • Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport TRAC, Mountaineer
        • Cooling System Specifications (F150 Pickup)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Ranger)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Villager)
        • Cooling System Specifications (WINDSTAR)
  • Auxiliary Emission Control Systems
    • Emission Control System Visual Inspection Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Emission Control Labels
      • Emission Control Visual Inspection
        • Notes
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV)
        • Thermostatic Air Cleaner (TAC)
        • Fuel Evaporative System (EVAP)
        • Catalytic Converters
          • Oxidation Catalyst (OC)
          • Three-Way Catalyst (TWC)
          • Three-Way Catalyst + Oxidation Catalyst (TWC + OC)
        • Fill Pipe RESTRICTOR (Fr)
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) System
          • Single Diaphragm EGR Valve
          • Dual Diaphragm EGR Valve
          • Positive Backpressure EGR (BP/EGR) Valve
          • Negative Backpressure EGR (BP/EGR) Valve
          • Digital EGR Valve
          • Integrated Electronic EGR Valve
        • Spark Controls (SPK)
        • Air Injection System (AIS)
          • Air Pump Injection System (AP)
          • Pulsed Secondary Air Injection (PAIR) System
        • Oxygen Sensor (O2)
        • Computerized Engine Controls (CEC)
        • Early Fuel Evaporation (EFE)
        • Emission Maintenance Reminder Light (EMR) (If Equipped)
        • Malfunction Indicator Light (Mil)
  • Electric Cooling Fans
    • Description & Operation
    • Component Locations
    • Trouble Shooting
      • Notes
      • Preliminary Inspection
    • Diagnostic System
    • Removal & Installation
      • Fan Assembly
        • Removal & Installation
    • Torque Specifications
    • Wiring Diagrams
      • 2002
      • 2003
  • Cooling System (Mechanical)
    • Cooling System Specifications & Drive Belt Routing
      • Belt Adjustment
        • Notes
        • Belt Tension Adjustment Specifications (Villager)
        • Belt Tension Adjustment Specifications (Except Villager)
      • Drive Belt Routing
        • Notes
        • Drive Belt Routing (ECONOLINE & F150 Pickup - 4.2L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (BLACKWOOD, ECONOLINE, Excursion, Expedition, F150-550 Pickup & Navigator 4.6L, 5.4L & 6.8L With A/C, & Explorer & Mountaineer 4.6L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (ECONOLINE - 7.3L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Escape - 2.0L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Excursion & F250-550 Pickup 7.3L Diesel)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport TRAC, Mountaineer & Ranger - 4.0L SOHC With A/C)
        • Drive Belt Routing (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC)
        • Ranger - Except 4.0L SOHC With A/C
          • Drive Belt Routing (Ranger - 2.3L)
          • Drive Belt Routing (Ranger - 3.0L)
          • Drive Belt Routing (Ranger - 4.0L SOHC)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Villager - 3.3L With A/C)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Windstar - 3.8L)
      • Cooling System Specifications
        • Coolant Replacement Interval
        • Cooling System Specifications (BLACKWOOD)
        • Cooling System Specifications (ECONOLINE)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Expedition & Navigator)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Excursion & F250-550 Pickups)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Escape)
        • Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport TRAC, Mountaineer
        • Cooling System Specifications (F150 Pickup)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Ranger)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Villager)
        • Cooling System Specifications (WINDSTAR)
    • Engine Cooling
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine Cooling
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine Cooling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Loss Of Coolant
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Engine Overheats
          • Component Tests
            • Pressure Test
            • Cap
            • Thermostat-Water
              • Notes
              • Thermostat-Electrical Test
            • Thermostat-Mechanical Test
            • Radiator Leak Test, Removed From the Vehicle
      • General Procedures
        • Cooling System Draining, Filling and Bleeding
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Draining
          • Filling and Bleeding With RADKITPLUS
          • Filling and Bleeding Without RADKITPLUS
        • Engine and Radiator Flushing
          • Material
        • Heater Core Backflushing
          • Material
      • Removal And Installation
        • Block Heater
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Thermostat
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Bypass Tube
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Water Pump
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Radiator
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fan - Electric Cooling
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Degas Bottle
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Mechanical
    • Engine - 3.8L
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine
          • Notes
          • Engine - Lower Components
          • Engine - Upper Components
          • Engine - Front Components
          • Cylinder Heads
          • Engine - External Components
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine
      • In-Vehicle Repair
        • Cowl Top Vent Panel
        • Intake Manifold - Upper
          • Removal and Installation
        • Intake Manifold - Lower
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Cover - LH
          • Removal and Installation
        • Valve Cover - RH
          • Removal and Installation
        • Crankshaft Pulley
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Front Oil Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Engine Front Cover
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Spring
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Valve Tappet
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Timing Chain
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Exhaust Manifold - LH
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Exhaust Manifold - RH
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cylinder Head - LH
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cylinder Head - RH
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Pressure Sender
          • Removal and Installation
        • Oil Level Indicator and Tube
          • Removal and Installation
        • Oil Pan
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Pump Screen and Pickup Tube
          • Removal and Installation
        • Oil Pan Baffle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Oil Pump
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Flexplate
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Rear Oil Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Engine Mount
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rocker Arm
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Push Rod
          • Removal and Installation
      • Removal
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
      • Disassembly
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
      • Disassembly And Assembly Of Subassemblies
        • Cylinder Head
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Disassembly and Assembly
        • Piston
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
      • Assembly
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
      • Installation
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Installation
    • Engine System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
            • Engine Oil Leaks
            • Engine Oil Leaks - Fluorescent Oil Additive Method
            • Leakage Points - Underhood
            • Leakage Points - Under Engine, With Vehicle on Hoist
            • Leakage Points - With Transmission and Flywheel Removed
          • Compression Test - Compression Gauge Check
            • Notes
            • Compression Test - Test Results
            • Compression Pressure Limit Chart
            • Compression Test - Interpreting Compression Readings
          • Cylinder Leakage Detection
          • Excessive Engine Oil Consumption
            • Notes
            • Basic Pre-checks
            • Detailed Pre-checks
            • Oil Consumption Test
            • Post Checks, Evaluation and Corrective Action
          • Intake Manifold Vacuum Test
            • Notes
            • Intake Manifold Vacuum Test - Interpreting Vacuum Gauge Readings
            • Oil Pressure Test
          • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Valve Cover Removed
            • Notes
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Rocker Arm
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Camshaft Roller Followers and Hydraulic Lash Adjusters, Overhead Camshaft
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Camshaft - Engines
            • Valve Train Analysis - Valve Springs
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Valve Spring Retainer and Valve Spring Retainer Keys
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Valves and Cylinder Head
          • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Running
            • Notes
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Running, Valves and Cylinder Head
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Running, Camshaft Lobe Lift - OHC Engines
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Running, Valve Tappet
      • General Procedures
        • Sprockets
        • Rocker Arms - Cleaning
        • Rocker Arms - Inspection
        • Push Rods - Cleaning
        • Push Rods - Inspection
        • Camshaft Journal - Diameter
        • Camshaft Journal - Clearance, Push Rod Engines, Micrometer Method
        • Camshaft Journal - Clearance, Plastigage Method
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Camshaft End Play - Push Rod Engines
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Camshaft End Play - OHC Engines
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Camshaft - Lobe Surface
        • Camshaft Lobe Lift
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Camshaft Runout
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Diameter
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Taper
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Clearance
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Crankshaft End Play
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Crankshaft Runout
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Crankshaft - Connecting Rod Journal Taper, Out of Round
        • Cylinder Bore - Taper
        • Cylinder Bore - Out-of-Round
        • Piston Inspection
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Piston - Pin to Bore Diameter
        • Piston - Diameter
        • Piston - to Cylinder Bore Clearance
        • Piston - Selection
        • Piston - Ring End Gap
        • Piston - Ring-to-Groove Clearance
        • Piston - Pin Diameter
        • Connecting Rod - Cleaning
        • Connecting Rod - Large End Bore
        • Connecting Rod - Bushing Diameter
        • Connecting Rod - Bend
        • Connecting Rod - Twist
        • Connecting Rod - Piston Pin Side Clearance
        • Connecting Rod - Bearing Journal Clearance
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Roller Follower - Inspection
          • Push rod engines
          • OHC engines
        • Valve Tappet - Inspection
          • Push rod engines
          • OHC engines
        • Valve - Stem Diameter
        • Valve - Stem to Valve Guide Clearance
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Valve - Inspection
        • Valve - Guide Inner Diameter
        • Valve - Guide Reaming
        • Valve - Spring Installed Length
        • Valve - Spring Free Length
        • Valve - Spring Squareness
        • Valve Spring Strength
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Valve - Seat Inspection
        • Valve - Seat Width
        • Valve - Seat Runout
        • Cylinder Head - Distortion
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Cylinder Bore - Cleaning
        • Cylinder Block Core Plug Replacement
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Expansion-Type
        • Spark Plug - Inspection
        • Exhaust Manifold - Inspection
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Bearing - Inspection
  • Starter
    • Starting System
      • Description
      • Component Locations
      • Adjustments
        • Digital Transmission Range Sensor
      • Trouble Shooting
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Starter Does Not Crank
        • Test B: Unusual Starter Noise
      • Component Tests
        • Starter Interrupt Relay
      • On-Vehicle Testing
        • Voltage Drop Test
        • Starter Ground Circuit Test
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Starter Motor
          • Removal & Installation
      • Starter Motor Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • 2002
        • 2003
• Engine Performance
  • Engine Control System - Adjustments
    • Engine Mechanical
    • Valve Clearance
    • Ignition Timing
      • Gasoline Engines
        • Except Villager
        • Villager
    • Injector Timing
      • Diesel Engines
    • Idle Speed
      • Gasoline Engines
        • Except Villager
        • Villager
      • Diesel Engines
    • Throttle Position Sensor
      • Gasoline Engines
        • Except Villager
        • Villager
    • Accelerator Pedal Sensor
      • Diesel Engines
  • Application
    • Engine Introduction - Trucks
      • Engine Introduction - Trucks
        • Notes
        • Vehicle Identification Number Description
          • Notes
          • World Manufacturer Identifier - Position 1
          • Brake Type & Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) - Position 2
          • Line, Series & Body Type Code - Position 3
          • Engine Code - Position 4
          • Computer-Generated Check Digit - Position 5
          • Model Year Code - Position 6
          • Assembly Plant Code - Position 7
          • Production Sequence Number - Position 8
        • Model/Year VIN Code Applications
        • Engine Code Location
  • Emissions
    • EGR Function Testing - Ford - Trucks
      • EGR Function Testing - Ford - Trucks
        • Test 1
          • Ported EGR Valve
        • Test 2
          • Backpressure Transducer EGR System
        • Test 3
          • Integral Backpressure Transducer Assembly
        • Test 4
          • Electronic EGR Valve
        • Test 5
          • Vacuum Amplifier (If Equipped)
        • Test 6
          • EEC-V Equipped Vehicles
        • Test 7
          • 1996-97 EEC-IV Equipped Trucks
        • Test 8
          • EGR Valve
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
        • Test 9
    • Emission Applications - Gas
      • Emission Applications
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
  • Mode 6 - 2002 Ford - Except Diesel
    • Introduction
    • Catalyst Monitor
    • Misfire Monitor
    • Air System Monitor
    • EVAP Monitor
    • Front Ho2S Monitor
    • Rear Ho2S Monitor
    • EGR Monitor
  • Engine Controls - Pin Voltage Charts
    • Introduction
    • Test Equipment
    • Test Procedures
      • Notes
      • Pin Voltage Testing
      • Symptom Testing
        • Notes
        • Reference Value Symptom-To-PID (Bi-Fuel)
        • Reference Value Symptom-To-PID (Gasoline & NGV)
      • PID Testing
        • Notes
        • Accessing Generic OBD-II PIDs
        • Accessing Ford Specific PIDs
      • Pcm Connectors
      • Powertrain Control Module Locations
    • PID Definitions & Pin Voltage/PID Values
      • Notes
      • PID Definitions
        • Generic OBD-II PID Definitions
        • Ford Motor Co. Gasoline OBD-II PID Definitions
        • Ford Motor Co. Bi-Fuel OBD-II PID Definitions
      • Pin Voltage/PID Value Tables
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Blackwood & Navigator 5.4L 4V A/T
          • BLACKWOOD & Navigator 5.4L 4V A/T - Inputs
          • BLACKWOOD & Navigator 5.4L 4V A/T - Outputs
          • BLACKWOOD & Navigator 5.4L 4V A/T - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Econoline 5.4L A/T (Compressed Natural Gas)
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L A/T (Compressed Natural Gas) - Inputs
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L A/T (Compressed Natural Gas) - Outputs
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L A/T (Compressed Natural Gas) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Econoline 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W)
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W) - Inputs
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W) - Outputs
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Econoline 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R100)
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R100) - Inputs
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R100) - Outputs
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Econoline, Excursion & F250-550 7.3L Diesel
          • 7.3L Diesel - Inputs & Outputs
        • Econoline, Expedition & F150 4.6L A/T (4R70W)
          • ECONOLINE, Expedition & F150 4.6L A/T (4R70W) - Inputs
          • ECONOLINE, Expedition & F150 4.6L A/T - Outputs
          • ECONOLINE, Expedition & F150 4.6L A/T - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Econoline & F150 Pickup 4.2L A/T (4R70W)
          • ECONOLINE & F150 4.2L A/T (4R70W) - Inputs
          • ECONOLINE & F150 4.2L A/T (4R70W) - Outputs
          • ECONOLINE & F150 4.2L A/T (4R70W) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Econoline & F250-550 6.8L A/T (4R100)
          • ECONOLINE & F250-550 6.8L A/T (4R100) - Inputs
          • ECONOLINE & F250-550 6.8L A/T (4R100) - Outputs
          • ECONOLINE & F250-550 6.8L A/T (4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Escape 2.0L 4V M/T
          • Escape 2.0L 4V M/T - Inputs
          • Escape 2.0L 4V M/T - Outputs
          • Escape 2.0L 4V M/T - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Escape 3.0L 4V A/T
          • Escape 3.0L 4V A/T - Inputs
          • Escape 3.0L 4V A/T - Outputs
          • Escape 3.0L 4V A/T - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Excursion 5.4L A/T (4R100)
          • Excursion 5.4L A/T (4R100) - Inputs
          • Excursion 5.4L A/T (4R100) - Outputs
          • Excursion 5.4L A/T (4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Excursion 6.8L A/T (4R100)
          • Excursion 6.8L A/T (4R100) - Inputs
          • Excursion 6.8L A/T (4R100) - Outputs
          • Excursion 6.8L A/T (4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Expedition & F150 5.4L 2V A/T (4R100)
          • Expedition & F150 5.4L 2V A/T (4R100) - Inputs
          • Expedition & F150 5.4L 2V A/T (4R100) - Outputs
          • Expedition & F150 5.4L 2V A/T (4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.0L A/T (5R55W)
          • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.0L A/T (5R55W) - Inputs
          • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.0L A/T (5R55W) - Outputs
          • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.0L A/T (5R55W) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Explorer 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R4)
          • Explorer 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R4) - Inputs
          • Explorer 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R4) - Outputs
          • Explorer 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R4) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.6L A/T (5R55W)
          • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.6L A/T (5R55W) - Inputs
          • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.6L A/T (5R55W) - Outputs
          • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.6L A/T (5R55W) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac 4.0L A/T (Flexible Fuel)
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L A/T (Flexible Fuel) - Inputs
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L A/T (Flexible Fuel) - Outputs
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L A/T (Flexible Fuel) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac 4.0L A/T (Gasoline)
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L A/T (Gasoline) - Inputs
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L A/T (Gasoline) - Outputs
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L A/T (Gasoline) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1)
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Inputs
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Outputs
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F150 4.2L M/T (M5OD-R2)
          • F150 4.2L M/T (M5OD-R2) - Inputs
          • F150 4.2L M/T (M5OD-R2) - Outputs
          • F150 4.2L M/T (M5OD-R2) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F150 4.6L M/T (M5OD-R2)
          • F150 4.6L M/T (M5OD-R2) - Inputs
          • F150 4.6L M/T (M5OD-R2) - Outputs
          • F150 4.6L M/T (M5OD-R2) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F150 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W)
          • F150 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W) - Inputs
          • F150 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W) - Outputs
          • F150 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F150 5.4L Compressed Natural Gas A/T (4R70W & 4R100)
          • F150 5.4L Compressed Natural Gas A/T (4R70W & 4R100) - Inputs
          • F150 5.4L Compressed Natural Gas A/T (4R70W & 4R100) - Outputs
          • F150 5.4L Compressed Natural Gas A/T (4R70W & 4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F150 5.4L (Bi-Fuel)
          • F150 5.4L (Bi-Fuel) - Inputs
          • F150 5.4L (Bi-Fuel) - Outputs
          • Cause PID Fault Definitions
        • F150 5.4L SC Lightning A/T (4R100)
          • F150 5.4L SC Lightning A/T (4R100) - Inputs
          • F150 5.4L SC Lightning A/T (4R100) - Outputs
          • F150 5.4L SC Lightning A/T (4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F250-550 5.4L A/T (4R100)
          • F250-350 5.4L A/T (4R100) - Inputs
          • F250-350 5.4L A/T (4R100) - Outputs
          • F250-350 5.4L A/T (4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F250-350 5.4L M/T (ZF S6-650)
          • F250-350 5.4L M/T (ZF S6-650) - Inputs
          • F250-350 5.4L M/T (ZF S6-650) - Outputs
          • F250-350 5.4L M/T (ZF S6-650) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F250-550 6.8L M/T (S6-650)
          • F250-550 6.8L M/T (S6-650) - Inputs
          • F250-550 6.8L M/T (S6-650) - Outputs
          • F250-550 6.8L M/T (S6-650) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F650-750 7.3L Diesel
          • 7.3L Diesel - Inputs & Outputs
        • Ranger 2.3L A/T (5R44E)
          • Ranger 2.3L A/T (5R44E) - Inputs
          • Ranger 2.3L A/T (5R44E) - Outputs
          • Ranger 2.3L A/T (5R44E) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Ranger 2.3L M/T (M5OD-R1)
          • Ranger 2.3L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Inputs
          • Ranger 2.3L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Outputs
          • Ranger 2.3L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Ranger 3.0L Gasoline A/T (5R44E)
          • Ranger 3.0L Gasoline A/T (5R44E) - Inputs
          • Ranger 3.0L Gasoline A/T (5R44E) - Outputs
          • Ranger 3.0L Gasoline A/T (5R44E) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Ranger 3.0L Flexible Fuel A/T (5R44E)
          • Ranger 3.0L Flexible Fuel A/T (5R44E) - Inputs
          • Ranger 3.0L Flexible Fuel A/T (5R44E) - Outputs
          • Ranger 3.0L Flexible Fuel A/T (5R44E) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Ranger 3.0L M/T (M5OD-R1)
          • Ranger 3.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Inputs
          • Ranger 3.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Outputs
          • Ranger 3.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Ranger 4.0L A/T (5R55E)
          • Ranger 4.0L A/T (5R55E) - Inputs
          • Ranger 4.0L A/T (5R55E) - Outputs
          • Ranger 4.0L A/T (5R55E) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Ranger 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1)
          • Ranger 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Inputs
          • Ranger 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Outputs
          • Ranger 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Villager 3.3L A/T (4F20E)
          • Villager 3.3L A/T (4F20E) - Inputs
          • Villager 3.3L - Outputs
        • Windstar 3.8L A/T (4F50N)
          • WINDSTAR 3.8L A/T (4F50N) - Inputs
          • WINDSTAR 3.8L A/T (4F50N) - Outputs
          • WINDSTAR 3.8L A/T (4F50N) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
  • Remove, Overhaul & Install
    • Removal, Overhaul & Installation
      • Introduction
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Intake Manifold
          • Notes
          • Removal (Lower)
          • Installation
          • Removal & Installation (Upper)
        • Intake Manifold Runner Control Actuator
          • Removal & Installation
        • Mass Airflow Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Throttle Body
          • Removal & Installation
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Notes
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Removal & Installation
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Camshaft Position Sensor
        • Camshaft Position Synchronizer
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor
        • Mass Airflow Sensor
        • Throttle Position Sensor
      • Motors, Relays & Solenoids
        • Canister Purge Valve
        • Canister Vent Solenoid
        • Idle Air Control Valve
        • Intake Manifold Runner Control Actuator
      • Cooling System
        • Cooling System Precautions
        • Cooling System Draining
        • Cooling System Filling & Bleeding
      • Ignition Systems
        • Notes
        • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Camshaft Position Synchronizer
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Spark Plug
          • Removal & Installation
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel System Safety Precautions
          • Safe Fuel Handling Practices
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Reset Procedure
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
        • Fuel Line Connectors
          • Spring Lock Coupling
          • "R" Clip Fitting
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Filter
          • Fuel Filter Removal & Installation - Windstar
        • Fuel Injection Supply Manifold & Injectors
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Pressure Regulator
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Pump Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Tank
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Intake Manifold
      • Idle Control Systems
        • Idle Air Control Valve
          • Removal & Installation
        • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Emission Systems & Subsystems
        • Exhaust Manifold-To-Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Valve Tube
          • Removal & Installation
      • Evaporative Emission Systems
        • Evaporative Emission System Safety Precautions
        • Vapor Line Connectors
        • Canister Purge Valve
          • Removal & Installation
        • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • Removal & Installation
        • Charcoal Canister
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Vapor Vent Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • After Repair Procedure
      • Torque Specifications
  • Sensor Range Charts
    • Engine Controls - Sensor Operating Range Charts
      • Introduction
  • Specifications
    • Engine Controls - Service & Adjustment Specifications
      • Introduction
      • Capacities
        • Cooling System Capacities
        • Engine Oil Capacities
        • Transmission & Transfer Case Capacities
        • Differential Fluid Capacities
      • Quick-Service
        • Service Intervals & Specifications
        • Belt Adjustment
      • Mechanical Checks
        • Engine Compression
          • Diesel Engines
          • Gasoline Engines
        • Valve Clearance
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Supercharger
      • Ignition Systems
        • High Tension Wire Resistance
        • Spark Plugs
          • Notes
          • Spark Plug Specifications (4-Cylinder)
          • Spark Plug Specifications (V6)
          • Spark Plug Specifications (V8)
          • Spark Plug Specifications (V10)
        • Firing Order & Timing Marks
          • Notes
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (2.0L)
          • Spark Plug Wire Routing (2.0L)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (2.3L)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (3.0L Ranger)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (3.0L Escape)
          • Firing Order (3.3L)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (3.8L)
          • Spark Plug Wire Routing (3.8L)
          • Firing Order (4.0L - Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Spark Plug Wire Routing (4.0L - Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (4.0L - Ranger)
          • Spark Plug Wire Routing (4.0L - Ranger)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (4.2L - E-Series)
          • Spark Plug Wire Routing (4.2L - E-Series)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (4.2L - F-Series)
          • Spark Plug Wire Routing (4.2L - F-Series)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (4.6L & 5.4L)
          • Spark Plug Coils & Firing Order (4.6L) (Not Coil On Plug)
          • Spark Plug Coils (4.6L & 5.4L)
          • Spark Plug Coils (5.4L)
          • Firing Order (6.8L)
          • Spark Plug Coils (6.8L)
          • Firing Order (7.3L Diesel)
        • Ignition Timing
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Pump
        • Idle Mixture
        • Idle Speed
          • Villager
        • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Notes
          • TP Sensor Output (Villager)
          • TP Sensor Output (Except Villager)
    • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
      • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
        • Notes
        • 3 Cylinder Engine
        • 4 Cylinder Engine
        • 5 Cylinder Engine
        • V6 Engine
          • 3.3L (VIN T) Engines
          • 3.0L Villager Engine
          • All Other V6 Engines Except 3.3L (VIN T) & 3.0L Villager Engine
        • V8 Engine
          • 3.9L (VIN A) V8 Engines
          • 5.2L V8 Engines
          • 5.0L (Mustang Only) & 6.2L V8 Engines
          • All Other Gasoline V8 Engines Except 3.9L (VIN A), 5.0L (Mustang Only), 5.2L & 6.2L
          • Diesel V8 Engine (To 2010)
          • 6.7L Diesel V8 Engine (From 2011)
        • V10 Engine
    • Fuel System Pressure Specifications
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Pressure - Cars
        • Fuel Pressure - Trucks
  • System
    • Engine Controls - Basic Diagnostic Procedures - Except Diesel
      • Introduction
      • Preliminary Inspection & Adjustments
        • Visual Inspection
        • Mechanical Inspection
          • Compression
          • Exhaust System Backpressure
      • Fuel Systems
        • Notes
        • Preliminary Checks
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
          • Notes
          • Gasoline Engines
        • Fuel Pressure
          • Bi-Fuel & Natural Gas Vehicle Engines
          • Gasoline Engines
        • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Injector Resistance
          • Fuel Injector Check
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
      • Ignition Checks
        • Preliminary Checks
        • EDIS (DISTRIBUTORLESS) Ignition System
          • Notes
          • Spark Check
        • Ignition Coil Resistance
      • Idle Speed & Ignition Timing
        • Notes
        • Idle Mixture Adjustment
        • Ignition Timing
      • Throttle Position Sensor Adjustment
      • Summary
    • Engine Controls - Self-Diagnostics Introduction- EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Introduction
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Diagnostic Formats
        • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
          • Notes
          • KOEO & KOER Self-Tests
          • Continuous Memory Codes
        • Retrieving Codes
        • Reading Codes
          • Notes
          • KOEO & KOER On-Demand Self-Test Codes
          • Pass Codes
          • Continuous Memory Codes
        • Clearing Codes
          • Notes
          • PCM Reset Procedure
          • Keep Alive Random Access Memory Reset Procedure
        • Powertrain Control Module Location
      • Quick Test
        • Notes
        • Visual Check
        • Vehicle Preparation & Equipment Hookup
        • KOEO On-Demand Self-Test
          • Description
          • Performing Self-Test
        • KOER On-Demand Self-Test
          • Description
          • BPP, PSP & TCS Test Procedures
          • Performing Self-Test
        • Continuous Memory Self-Test
          • Description
          • Performing Self-Test
      • Additional System Functions
        • Notes
        • Parameter Identification Mode
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Accessing Generic OBD-II PIDs
          • Accessing Ford Specific PIDs
        • On-Board System Readiness Test Mode
          • Description
          • Accessing OSR Test Mode
        • Freeze Frame Data Mode
          • Description
          • Accessing Freeze Frame Data Mode PIDs
        • Diagnosing Adaptive Fuel DTCS
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Obtain Freeze Frame Data
          • Using LONGFT1 & LONGFT2 (Dual Bank Engines) PIDs
          • Resetting Long Term Fuel Trims
          • P0171/P0174 System Too Lean Diagnostic Aids
          • P0172/P0175 System Too Rich Diagnostic Aids
        • Output Test Mode
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Accessing Output Test Mode
        • Failure Mode Effects Management
        • Hardware Limited Operational Strategy
        • Engine Rpm/Vehicle Speed Limiter
      • Diagnostic Monitors
        • Description
        • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor
          • Description
          • Switch Ratio Method (1996-2002)
          • Index Ratio Method (Some 2001-Later)
          • General Catalyst Monitor Operation
        • Comprehensive Component Monitor
        • Evaporative Emission Leak Check Monitor
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION System Monitor - Differential Pressure Feedback EGR
        • Electric Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION System Monitor
        • Fuel System Monitor
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor Monitor
          • Description
          • Testing
        • Misfire Detection Monitoring
        • Secondary Air Injection System Monitor - Electric Secondary Air Injection Pump System
        • Thermostat Monitor
        • Drive Cycle Procedure
          • Notes
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Description
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Vehicle Preparation
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Procedure
      • Programming Pcm
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Flash Vehicle Identification Block Procedure
      • Fuel System Safety Precautions
        • Gasoline System
          • Notes
          • Safe Fuel Handling Practices (Gasoline, Methanol & Methanol Blends)
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Reset Procedure
        • Natural Gas System
          • Notes
          • Safe Fuel Handling Practices (Natural Gas)
      • Summary
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • How To Use System Tests
      • Evaporative Emissions Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • System Tests (Evaporative Emission)
        • Notes
        • Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Procedure
        • Evaporative Emissions System Leak Test
        • Evaporative Emission Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • Test A: DTC P0442: Small Leak Detected In EVAP System
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental & Focus
          • Crown Victoria, Escape, Escort, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Ranger
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
        • Test B: DTC P0455: Major Leak Or No Flow Detected In EVAP System Or DTC P1443: Very Small Or No Purge Flow Detected In EVAP System
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental
          • Focus
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
        • Test C: DTC P1450: Excessive Vacuum Detected In Fuel Tank
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental
          • Escort
          • Focus
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
    • Engine Controls - System & Component Tests - EEC-V - Gasoline
      • Introduction
        • Notes
        • Engine Cover
          • Removal & Installation
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Intake Air Control
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Solenoid
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Ground Circuits
          • Power Circuits
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Switches
          • Brake Pedal Applied/Brake Pedal Position Switch
          • Clutch Pedal Position Switch
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
          • Park/Neutral Position Or Clutch Pedal Position Switch
          • Power Steering Pressure Switch
          • Reverse Switch
          • Transmission Control Switch
        • Sensors
          • Notes
          • Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature Sensor
          • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor
          • Barometric Pressure Sensor
          • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Oil Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
          • Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature 2 Sensor (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC Only)
          • Knock Sensor
          • Mass Airflow Sensor
          • Output Shaft Speed Sensor
          • Power Steering Pressure Sensor
          • Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
          • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Transfer Case Speed Sensor
          • Vehicle Speed Sensor
      • Relays & Solenoids
        • Relays
          • Notes
          • Cooling Fan Control, Fuel Pump & PCM Power Relay
        • Solenoids
          • Air Injection By-Pass Solenoid
          • Air Injection Diverter Solenoid
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
          • Fuel Rail Solenoid
          • Idle Air Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control Solenoid (Ranger 2.3L Only)
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Solenoid
          • Supercharger (Boost) By-Pass Solenoid
          • Variable Cam Timing Solenoid
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Fuel Pressure Regulator
          • Fuel Pump Relay
          • Fuel System Pressure Check
        • Fuel Control
          • Fuel Injector
      • Idle Control System
        • Idle Air Control Solenoid
      • Ignition Systems
      • Emission Systems & Sub-Systems
        • Catalytic Converter
        • Emissions Compliance
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Routines
        • Fuel Evaporation
          • Notes
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • EVAP Canister (All Models)
          • EVAP Canister Purge Valve
        • Secondary Air Injection
        • EGR Systems
          • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation (Ranger 2.3L Only)
          • Exhaust Gas Recirculation
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation
      • Evaporative Emission System Tests
        • Notes
        • Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Procedure
        • Evaporative Emissions System Leak Test
        • Hissing Sound When Removing Fuel Cap
          • Notes
          • Blackwood, Econoline, Escape, Excursion, Expedition, Explorer, F250-550 Super Duty Pickup, Mountaineer, Navigator, Ranger & Windstar
          • Continental
          • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • Escort, Escort ZX2 & Focus
          • F150 Pickup
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
          • Sable & Taurus
        • Excessive Fuel Odor
          • Notes
          • Blackwood, Econoline, Escape, Expedition, Excursion, Explorer, F250-550 Super Duty Pickup, Mountaineer, Navigator, Ranger & Windstar
          • Continental, Escort, Escort ZX2, Focus, Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis, Sable, Taurus & Town Car
          • F150 Pickup
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
        • Unable To Refuel Vehicle
          • Notes
          • Continental, Crown Victoria, Escape, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • Escort, Escort ZX2, Focus, Ranger, Sable & Taurus (With ORVR Only)
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
          • Windstar
    • Engine Controls - System Tests A Through FB - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test A: No-Start
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test B: EEC-V Power Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test C: Reference Voltage
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DA: Temperature Sensor Test (IAT, ECT & EOT)
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Db: Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dc: Mass Airflow Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dd: Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DF: Vehicle Speed Circuit Check
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dg: Knock Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DH: Throttle Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DJ: Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DL: Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dm: Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DP: Vehicle Speed Sensor/Transfer Case Speed Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DQ: Barometric Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dr: Camshaft Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DS: Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DT: Power Steering Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DU: Intake Air Temperature 2
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test FB: Power Take Off
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - System Tests FD Through KA - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test FD: Brake Pedal Position Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ff: Power Steering Pressure Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test FH: Generator Load Input
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test H: Fuel Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ha: Natural Gas Fuel Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HB: Natural Gas Fuel Delivery System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HC: Gasoline Fuel Delivery System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hd: Misfire Detection Monitor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test He: EGR System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hf: Catalyst Efficiency Monitor & Exhaust Systems
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hg: PCV System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HK: Variable Cam Timing
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HM: Secondary Air Injection System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HU: Air Intake System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HX: Evaporative Emission Monitor & System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HY: Generator/Regulator System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JB: Secondary Ignition
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JD: Crankshaft Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JE: Integrated Ignition Coil Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JF: Integrated Ignition Coil On Plug Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JH: Tachometer Output Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KA: Fuel Pump Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - System Tests Kb Through Z - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test Kb: Fuel Pump Driver Module
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kc: Fuel Shutoff Valve Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KD: Electric Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KE: Idle Air Control Valve
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KF: Fan Control Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kg: VISCTRONIC Drive Fan Clutch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KH: Hydraulic Cooling Fan
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KJ: Supercharger By-Pass Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kl: Shift Indicator Light
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Km: Wot A/C Cut-Off
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KP: Charge Air Cooler Pump
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KQ: Thermostat Heater Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test NB: Malfunction Indicator Light
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test NC: Ignition Engine Speed Input Circuit
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test ND: Engine Rpm/Vehicle Speed Limiter
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QA: Unable To Activate Self-Test/SCP Communication Error/DTC Not Listed
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QB: KOEO DTC P0603, P1605 Or KOEO, KOER & Continuous Memory DTC P1633
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QC: OBD-II Monitor Testing Not Complete; DTC P1000
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QD: DTC P1260
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ta: Park/Neutral Position Or Clutch Pedal Position Switches
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Tb: Transmission Control Switch/Transmission Control Indicator Lamp
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • TEST TG: 4x4 LOW RANGE
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Th: Reverse Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test TJ: Output Shaft Speed Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test X: Constant Control Relay Module
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Z: Intermittent
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - Trouble Shooting - No Codes - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Introduction
      • Symptoms
        • Notes
        • Symptom Diagnosis
        • Rough Or Rolling Idle, Stalls, Misses, Hesitation Or Surge
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Engine Runs Rough At Idle
          • Engine Now Starts, But Stalls In Park Or Neutral
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Natural Gas Vehicles With Rough Idle
          • Idle Concerns With A/C On (Continental, LS, Thunderbird & Windstar)
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
          • Additional Checks
        • Hard Start/Long Crank Or Erratic Start/Crank
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • No-Start/Normal Crank
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Engine Will Now Start & Run Normally At Part Throttle
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Slow Return To Idle
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Fast Idle Or Diesels/Runs On
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Engine Idles Fast
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Low Idle (Stalls On Deceleration)
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Stall Or Quit On Deceleration (A/T Models)
          • Low Idle With A/C On (Econoline 4.6L, 5.4L & 6.8L)
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Backfires
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Lack/Loss Of Power
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Lack/Loss Of Power (Mustang Only)
          • Lack/Loss Of Power (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC Only)
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
          • Additional Checks
        • Spark Knock
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Poor Fuel Economy
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Vehicle Fails Emissions/Emissions Compliance
        • Hissing Sound When Removing Fuel Cap
        • Excessive Fuel Odor
        • Unable To Refuel Vehicle
        • Warning Indicator Lights
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Check
          • Pickups With Power Takeoff (PTO) & MIL Concern
          • MIL Always On When Engine Is Running, No DTCs Are Present
          • TCIL Always On When Engine Is Running, No DTCs Are Present
          • MIL Inoperative (Including Bulb Check When Engine Is First Started)
          • Transmission Control Indicator (TCIL) Inoperative
          • Temperature Warning Indicator Light Or Temperature Gauge Inoperative (Models With CHT Sensor Only)
          • SIL Always On Or Inoperative
          • Fuel Cap Indicator Light Always On Or Inoperative
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Automatic Transmission Down Or Upshift, Or Engagement Concern
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Speedometer Or Tachometer Inoperative
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Tachometer Inoperative On Models With Clean Tach Output (CTO) Only
          • Speedometer/Odometer Inoperative On Models With Manual Shift On-The-Fly (MSOF) Only
          • Additional Checks
        • High Oil Consumption
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Electric, Hydraulic Or VISCTRONIC Cooling Fan Inoperative
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Electric, Hydraulic Or VISCTRONIC Cooling Fan(S) Always On
          • Notes
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Exhaust Smoke
          • Notes
          • Black Smoke (Rich Mixture)
          • Blue Smoke (Burning Oil)
          • White Smoke (Water In Combustion)
        • Fuel Odor
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks
        • Engine Noise
          • Notes
          • Symptom Checks
        • Climate Control (Lack Of A/C Cooling, A/C Always On Or A/C Inoperative)
          • Notes
          • Lack Of A/C Cooling Or A/C Inoperative (Mustang)
          • A/C Always On (Mustang)
          • A/C Does Not Turn Off During WOT (Mustang)
          • A/C System Concerns (All Others)
          • WACF PID Displays YES
        • Exhaust Odor (Sulfur Smell)
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks
  • Testing & Diagnosis
    • Engine Controls - Basic Diagnostic Procedures - Except Diesel
      • Introduction
      • Preliminary Inspection & Adjustments
        • Visual Inspection
        • Mechanical Inspection
          • Compression
          • Exhaust System Backpressure
      • Fuel Systems
        • Notes
        • Preliminary Checks
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
          • Notes
          • Gasoline Engines
        • Fuel Pressure
          • Bi-Fuel & Natural Gas Vehicle Engines
          • Gasoline Engines
        • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Injector Resistance
          • Fuel Injector Check
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
      • Ignition Checks
        • Preliminary Checks
        • EDIS (DISTRIBUTORLESS) Ignition System
          • Notes
          • Spark Check
        • Ignition Coil Resistance
      • Idle Speed & Ignition Timing
        • Notes
        • Idle Mixture Adjustment
        • Ignition Timing
      • Throttle Position Sensor Adjustment
      • Summary
    • Engine Controls - Self-Diagnostics Introduction- EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Introduction
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Diagnostic Formats
        • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
          • Notes
          • KOEO & KOER Self-Tests
          • Continuous Memory Codes
        • Retrieving Codes
        • Reading Codes
          • Notes
          • KOEO & KOER On-Demand Self-Test Codes
          • Pass Codes
          • Continuous Memory Codes
        • Clearing Codes
          • Notes
          • PCM Reset Procedure
          • Keep Alive Random Access Memory Reset Procedure
        • Powertrain Control Module Location
      • Quick Test
        • Notes
        • Visual Check
        • Vehicle Preparation & Equipment Hookup
        • KOEO On-Demand Self-Test
          • Description
          • Performing Self-Test
        • KOER On-Demand Self-Test
          • Description
          • BPP, PSP & TCS Test Procedures
          • Performing Self-Test
        • Continuous Memory Self-Test
          • Description
          • Performing Self-Test
      • Additional System Functions
        • Notes
        • Parameter Identification Mode
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Accessing Generic OBD-II PIDs
          • Accessing Ford Specific PIDs
        • On-Board System Readiness Test Mode
          • Description
          • Accessing OSR Test Mode
        • Freeze Frame Data Mode
          • Description
          • Accessing Freeze Frame Data Mode PIDs
        • Diagnosing Adaptive Fuel DTCS
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Obtain Freeze Frame Data
          • Using LONGFT1 & LONGFT2 (Dual Bank Engines) PIDs
          • Resetting Long Term Fuel Trims
          • P0171/P0174 System Too Lean Diagnostic Aids
          • P0172/P0175 System Too Rich Diagnostic Aids
        • Output Test Mode
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Accessing Output Test Mode
        • Failure Mode Effects Management
        • Hardware Limited Operational Strategy
        • Engine Rpm/Vehicle Speed Limiter
      • Diagnostic Monitors
        • Description
        • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor
          • Description
          • Switch Ratio Method (1996-2002)
          • Index Ratio Method (Some 2001-Later)
          • General Catalyst Monitor Operation
        • Comprehensive Component Monitor
        • Evaporative Emission Leak Check Monitor
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION System Monitor - Differential Pressure Feedback EGR
        • Electric Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION System Monitor
        • Fuel System Monitor
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor Monitor
          • Description
          • Testing
        • Misfire Detection Monitoring
        • Secondary Air Injection System Monitor - Electric Secondary Air Injection Pump System
        • Thermostat Monitor
        • Drive Cycle Procedure
          • Notes
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Description
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Vehicle Preparation
          • OBD-II Drive Cycle Procedure
      • Programming Pcm
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Flash Vehicle Identification Block Procedure
      • Fuel System Safety Precautions
        • Gasoline System
          • Notes
          • Safe Fuel Handling Practices (Gasoline, Methanol & Methanol Blends)
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Reset Procedure
        • Natural Gas System
          • Notes
          • Safe Fuel Handling Practices (Natural Gas)
      • Summary
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • How To Use System Tests
      • Evaporative Emissions Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
      • System Tests (Evaporative Emission)
        • Notes
        • Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Procedure
        • Evaporative Emissions System Leak Test
        • Evaporative Emission Repair Verification Drive Cycle
        • Test A: DTC P0442: Small Leak Detected In EVAP System
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental & Focus
          • Crown Victoria, Escape, Escort, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Ranger
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
        • Test B: DTC P0455: Major Leak Or No Flow Detected In EVAP System Or DTC P1443: Very Small Or No Purge Flow Detected In EVAP System
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental
          • Focus
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
        • Test C: DTC P1450: Excessive Vacuum Detected In Fuel Tank
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Aids
          • Continental
          • Escort
          • Focus
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Sable & Taurus
          • All Others
    • Engine Controls - System & Component Tests - EEC-V - Gasoline
      • Introduction
        • Notes
        • Engine Cover
          • Removal & Installation
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Intake Air Control
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Solenoid
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Ground Circuits
          • Power Circuits
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Switches
          • Brake Pedal Applied/Brake Pedal Position Switch
          • Clutch Pedal Position Switch
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
          • Park/Neutral Position Or Clutch Pedal Position Switch
          • Power Steering Pressure Switch
          • Reverse Switch
          • Transmission Control Switch
        • Sensors
          • Notes
          • Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature Sensor
          • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor
          • Barometric Pressure Sensor
          • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Oil Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
          • Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature 2 Sensor (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC Only)
          • Knock Sensor
          • Mass Airflow Sensor
          • Output Shaft Speed Sensor
          • Power Steering Pressure Sensor
          • Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
          • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Transfer Case Speed Sensor
          • Vehicle Speed Sensor
      • Relays & Solenoids
        • Relays
          • Notes
          • Cooling Fan Control, Fuel Pump & PCM Power Relay
        • Solenoids
          • Air Injection By-Pass Solenoid
          • Air Injection Diverter Solenoid
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
          • Fuel Rail Solenoid
          • Idle Air Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control Solenoid
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control Solenoid (Ranger 2.3L Only)
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Solenoid
          • Supercharger (Boost) By-Pass Solenoid
          • Variable Cam Timing Solenoid
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Fuel Pressure Regulator
          • Fuel Pump Relay
          • Fuel System Pressure Check
        • Fuel Control
          • Fuel Injector
      • Idle Control System
        • Idle Air Control Solenoid
      • Ignition Systems
      • Emission Systems & Sub-Systems
        • Catalytic Converter
        • Emissions Compliance
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Routines
        • Fuel Evaporation
          • Notes
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • EVAP Canister (All Models)
          • EVAP Canister Purge Valve
        • Secondary Air Injection
        • EGR Systems
          • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation (Ranger 2.3L Only)
          • Exhaust Gas Recirculation
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation
      • Evaporative Emission System Tests
        • Notes
        • Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Procedure
        • Evaporative Emissions System Leak Test
        • Hissing Sound When Removing Fuel Cap
          • Notes
          • Blackwood, Econoline, Escape, Excursion, Expedition, Explorer, F250-550 Super Duty Pickup, Mountaineer, Navigator, Ranger & Windstar
          • Continental
          • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • Escort, Escort ZX2 & Focus
          • F150 Pickup
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
          • Sable & Taurus
        • Excessive Fuel Odor
          • Notes
          • Blackwood, Econoline, Escape, Expedition, Excursion, Explorer, F250-550 Super Duty Pickup, Mountaineer, Navigator, Ranger & Windstar
          • Continental, Escort, Escort ZX2, Focus, Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis, Sable, Taurus & Town Car
          • F150 Pickup
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
        • Unable To Refuel Vehicle
          • Notes
          • Continental, Crown Victoria, Escape, Grand Marquis & Town Car
          • Escort, Escort ZX2, Focus, Ranger, Sable & Taurus (With ORVR Only)
          • LS & Thunderbird
          • Mustang
          • Windstar
    • Engine Controls - System Tests A Through FB - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test A: No-Start
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test B: EEC-V Power Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test C: Reference Voltage
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DA: Temperature Sensor Test (IAT, ECT & EOT)
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Db: Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dc: Mass Airflow Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dd: Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DF: Vehicle Speed Circuit Check
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dg: Knock Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DH: Throttle Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DJ: Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DL: Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dm: Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DP: Vehicle Speed Sensor/Transfer Case Speed Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DQ: Barometric Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Dr: Camshaft Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DS: Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DT: Power Steering Pressure Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test DU: Intake Air Temperature 2
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test FB: Power Take Off
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - System Tests FD Through KA - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test FD: Brake Pedal Position Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ff: Power Steering Pressure Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test FH: Generator Load Input
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test H: Fuel Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ha: Natural Gas Fuel Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HB: Natural Gas Fuel Delivery System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HC: Gasoline Fuel Delivery System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hd: Misfire Detection Monitor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test He: EGR System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hf: Catalyst Efficiency Monitor & Exhaust Systems
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Hg: PCV System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HK: Variable Cam Timing
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HM: Secondary Air Injection System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HU: Air Intake System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HX: Evaporative Emission Monitor & System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test HY: Generator/Regulator System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JB: Secondary Ignition
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JD: Crankshaft Position Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JE: Integrated Ignition Coil Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JF: Integrated Ignition Coil On Plug Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test JH: Tachometer Output Failure
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KA: Fuel Pump Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - System Tests Kb Through Z - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Test Kb: Fuel Pump Driver Module
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kc: Fuel Shutoff Valve Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KD: Electric Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KE: Idle Air Control Valve
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KF: Fan Control Relay
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kg: VISCTRONIC Drive Fan Clutch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KH: Hydraulic Cooling Fan
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KJ: Supercharger By-Pass Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Kl: Shift Indicator Light
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Km: Wot A/C Cut-Off
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KP: Charge Air Cooler Pump
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test KQ: Thermostat Heater Control
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test NB: Malfunction Indicator Light
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test NC: Ignition Engine Speed Input Circuit
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test ND: Engine Rpm/Vehicle Speed Limiter
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QA: Unable To Activate Self-Test/SCP Communication Error/DTC Not Listed
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QB: KOEO DTC P0603, P1605 Or KOEO, KOER & Continuous Memory DTC P1633
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QC: OBD-II Monitor Testing Not Complete; DTC P1000
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test QD: DTC P1260
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Ta: Park/Neutral Position Or Clutch Pedal Position Switches
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Tb: Transmission Control Switch/Transmission Control Indicator Lamp
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • TEST TG: 4x4 LOW RANGE
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Th: Reverse Switch
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test TJ: Output Shaft Speed Sensor
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test X: Constant Control Relay Module
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
      • Test Z: Intermittent
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Testing
    • Engine Controls - Trouble Shooting - No Codes - EEC-V - Gasoline & NGV
      • Introduction
      • Symptoms
        • Notes
        • Symptom Diagnosis
        • Rough Or Rolling Idle, Stalls, Misses, Hesitation Or Surge
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Engine Runs Rough At Idle
          • Engine Now Starts, But Stalls In Park Or Neutral
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Natural Gas Vehicles With Rough Idle
          • Idle Concerns With A/C On (Continental, LS, Thunderbird & Windstar)
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
          • Additional Checks
        • Hard Start/Long Crank Or Erratic Start/Crank
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • No-Start/Normal Crank
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Engine Will Now Start & Run Normally At Part Throttle
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Slow Return To Idle
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Fast Idle Or Diesels/Runs On
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Engine Idles Fast
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Low Idle (Stalls On Deceleration)
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Stall Or Quit On Deceleration (A/T Models)
          • Low Idle With A/C On (Econoline 4.6L, 5.4L & 6.8L)
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Backfires
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Lack/Loss Of Power
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Lack/Loss Of Power (Mustang Only)
          • Lack/Loss Of Power (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC Only)
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
          • Additional Checks
        • Spark Knock
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Poor Fuel Economy
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks Using Scan Tool PIDs
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Vehicle Fails Emissions/Emissions Compliance
        • Hissing Sound When Removing Fuel Cap
        • Excessive Fuel Odor
        • Unable To Refuel Vehicle
        • Warning Indicator Lights
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Check
          • Pickups With Power Takeoff (PTO) & MIL Concern
          • MIL Always On When Engine Is Running, No DTCs Are Present
          • TCIL Always On When Engine Is Running, No DTCs Are Present
          • MIL Inoperative (Including Bulb Check When Engine Is First Started)
          • Transmission Control Indicator (TCIL) Inoperative
          • Temperature Warning Indicator Light Or Temperature Gauge Inoperative (Models With CHT Sensor Only)
          • SIL Always On Or Inoperative
          • Fuel Cap Indicator Light Always On Or Inoperative
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Automatic Transmission Down Or Upshift, Or Engagement Concern
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
          • Additional Intermittent Testing
        • Speedometer Or Tachometer Inoperative
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Tachometer Inoperative On Models With Clean Tach Output (CTO) Only
          • Speedometer/Odometer Inoperative On Models With Manual Shift On-The-Fly (MSOF) Only
          • Additional Checks
        • High Oil Consumption
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Electric, Hydraulic Or VISCTRONIC Cooling Fan Inoperative
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Electric, Hydraulic Or VISCTRONIC Cooling Fan(S) Always On
          • Notes
          • Miscellaneous Component Or System Checks
        • Exhaust Smoke
          • Notes
          • Black Smoke (Rich Mixture)
          • Blue Smoke (Burning Oil)
          • White Smoke (Water In Combustion)
        • Fuel Odor
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks
        • Engine Noise
          • Notes
          • Symptom Checks
        • Climate Control (Lack Of A/C Cooling, A/C Always On Or A/C Inoperative)
          • Notes
          • Lack Of A/C Cooling Or A/C Inoperative (Mustang)
          • A/C Always On (Mustang)
          • A/C Does Not Turn Off During WOT (Mustang)
          • A/C System Concerns (All Others)
          • WACF PID Displays YES
        • Exhaust Odor (Sulfur Smell)
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Symptom Checks
  • Theory and Operation
    • Engine Controls - Theory & Operation - Gasoline & NGV
      • Introduction
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Idle Control System
          • Idle Air Control Valve Assembly
        • Supercharger (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC)
          • Supercharger Assembly
          • Supercharger By-Pass System
          • Supercharger Intercooler (Charge Air Cooler) System
        • Variable Induction System
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control - 2.0L (VIN P), 2.5L (VIN L), Windstar 3.8L (VIN 4), & 4.2L (VIN 2)
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control Vacuum Actuated System - 2.3L (VIN D)
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve - 3.0L (VIN S), Econoline & Pickup 4.6L (VIN W), & 5.4L 4V (VIN A)
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Notes
          • Hardware Limited Operation Strategy
          • Integrated Electronic Ignition System
          • Keep Alive Random Access Memory
        • Power & Ground Signals
          • Vehicle Buffered Power
          • Vehicle Power
          • Vehicle Reference Voltage
          • Mass Air Flow Return
          • Signal Return
          • Power Ground
          • Gold Plated Terminals
        • Powertrain Control Module Software
          • Engine RPM/Vehicle Speed Limiter
          • Fail-Safe Cooling Strategy
          • Failure Mode Effects Management
          • Flash Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
          • Fuel Trim
          • Idle Air Trim
          • Idle Speed Control Closed Throttle Determination
          • Multiplexing
          • Standard Corporate Protocol
        • Diagnostic Monitors
          • Notes
          • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor Description
          • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor - Switch Ratio Method (1996-2002)
          • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor - Index Ratio Method (Some 2001-Later)
          • General Catalyst Monitor Operation
          • Comprehensive Component Monitor
          • Evaporative Emission Leak Check Monitor
          • Exhaust Gas Recirculation System Monitor - Differential Pressure Feedback EGR
          • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation System Monitor
          • Fuel System Monitor
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor Monitor
          • Misfire Detection Monitoring
          • Secondary Air Injection System Monitor - Electric Secondary Air Injection Pump System
          • Thermostat Monitor
        • Constant Control Relay Module
        • Fuel Pump Driver Module
        • Generic Electronic Module
        • Natural Gas Vehicle Module
        • Input Devices
          • Notes
          • A/C Cycling Switch
          • A/C Pressure Sensor
          • Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature Sensor
          • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor
          • A/C High Pressure Switch
          • Brake Pressure Applied/Brake Deactivator Switch
          • Brake Pedal Position Switch
          • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Clutch Pedal Position Switch
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
          • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor
          • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
          • Engine Oil Temperature Sensor
          • Fan Speed Sensor
          • Fuel Level Input
          • Fuel Pump Monitor (With Fuel Pump Driver Module)
          • Fuel Pump Monitor (Without Fuel Pump Driver Module)
          • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor
          • Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
          • Generator Load
          • Generator Monitor
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature Sensor
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve
          • Knock Sensor
          • Mass Airflow Sensor
          • Output Shaft Speed Sensor
          • Power Steering Pressure Sensor
          • Power Steering Pressure Switch
          • Power Take-Off Switch
          • Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
          • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Transmission Control Switch
          • Vehicle Speed Sensor
          • 4x4 Mode Switch
        • Output Devices
          • Notes
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
          • Coil Pack
          • Coil On Plug
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
          • Electric Secondary Air Injection Pump
          • Evaporative Emission Canister Purge Valve
          • Fan Control
          • Fuel Cap Off Indicator Light
          • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Pump (Applications Using Fuel Pump Relay For Fuel Pump ON/OFF Control)
          • Fuel Pump Driver Module Applications & Applications With Fuel Pump Functions Incorporated In Rear Electronic Module)
          • Generator Communication
          • Hydraulic Cooling Fan Drive (LS & Thunderbird Only)
          • Idle Air Control Valve
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve
          • Malfunction Indicator Light
          • Secondary Air Injection By-Pass Solenoid
          • Solid State Relay
          • Thermostat Heater Control
          • Transmission Control Indicator Light
          • Wide Open Throttle A/C Cut-Off Relay
          • Vapor Management Valve
          • Vehicle Speed Output
          • Visctronic Drive Fan Clutch
      • Fuel Systems (Gasoline)
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Notes
          • Returnable Fuel System
          • Mechanical Returnless Fuel System
          • Electronic Returnless Fuel System
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch (All Fuel Systems)
        • Fuel Control
          • Notes
          • Fuel Injectors
      • Fuel System (Natural Gas)
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Notes
          • Fueling Connector
          • Fuel Lines & Fittings
          • Fuel Rail
          • Fuel Rail Shutoff Valve
          • Fuel Tank Shutoff Valve
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch
          • NG Fuel Pressure Regulator
        • Fuel Control
          • Natural Gas Vehicle Module
          • NG Fuel Injectors
      • Ignition Systems
        • Integrated Electronic Ignition System
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Coil Pack System
          • Coil On Plug System
      • Variable Cam Timing System
        • Variable Cam Timing
          • Description
          • Variable Cam Timing Solenoid Valve
          • Variable Cam Timing Unit Assembly
      • Catalyst & Exhaust Systems
        • Catalyst System
          • Notes
          • Catalytic Converter
          • Light Off Catalyst
          • 3-Way Catalytic Converter
          • 3-Way Catalyst Conversion Efficiency
        • Exhaust System
          • Notes
          • Hardware
          • Exhaust Manifold & Runners
          • Exhaust Pipes
          • Upstream & Downstream Heated Oxygen Sensors
          • Muffler
      • Evaporative Emission Systems
        • Fuel Evaporative Systems
        • Enhanced Evaporative Emission System
          • Notes
          • EVAP Canister Purge Valve
        • On-Board Refueling Vapor Recovery EVAP System
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation
      • Secondary Air Injection System
        • Description
        • Electric Secondary Air Injection System
          • Notes
          • AIR By-Pass Solenoid
          • AIR Diverter Valve
          • Electric AIR Pump
      • EGR Systems
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR System
          • Notes
          • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor (Remote Mounted)
          • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor (Tube Mounted)
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
          • EGR Valve
          • Orifice Tube Assembly
        • Electric EGR Motor System
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Notes
        • Malfunction Indicator Light
      • Miscellaneous Controls
        • Pcm Controlled Charging System
          • Description
          • Generator Communication
          • Generator Load
          • Generator Monitor
  • Vacuum Diagrams - Trucks
    • Introduction
      • Notes
      • Pcm Calibrations
      • Protocol 3 Code Descriptions
    • Vacuum Hose Diagram(S)
      • BLACKWOOD, Expedition, F150 Pickup & Navigator
      • ECONOLINE
      • Escape
      • Excursion & F250-550 Super Duty Pickup
      • Explorer & Mountaineer
      • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC
      • Ranger
      • Villager
      • WINDSTAR
  • Engine Performance - Wiring Diagrams
    • Wiring Diagrams
      • BLACKWOOD
      • Continental
      • Cougar
      • Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis
      • ECONOLINE
      • Escape
      • Escort
      • Escort ZX2
      • Excursion & Pickup (F250/F550)
      • Expedition & Navigator
      • Explorer & Mountaineer
      • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC
      • Focus
      • LS
      • Mustang
      • Pickup (F150)
      • Ranger
      • Sable & TAURUS
      • THUNDERBIRD
      • Town Car
      • Villager
      • WINDSTAR
• General Information
  • Abbreviations
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
  • Basic Trouble Shooting
    • Basic Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Accessories & Electrical
        • Charging System Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
      • Air Conditioning & Heat
        • Air Conditioning Trouble Shooting
        • Heater System Trouble Shooting
      • Brakes
        • Brake System Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Mechanical
        • Cooling System Trouble Shooting
        • Gasoline Engine - Mechanical Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Performance
        • Carburetor Trouble Shooting:
        • Diesel Engine Trouble Shooting
        • Fuel Injection Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
        • Tune-Up Trouble Shooting - Gas Engine Vehicles
        • Vacuum Pump - Diesel Trouble Shooting
      • Manual Transmission
        • Manual Transmission Trouble Shooting
      • Powertrain
        • Clutch Trouble Shooting
        • Drive Axle - Noise Diagnosis
          • Unrelated Noises
          • Non-Drive Axle Noises
          • Gear Noise
          • Chuckle
          • Knock
          • Clunk
          • Bearing Whine
          • Bearing Rumble
          • Chatter On Turns
          • Axle Shaft Noise
          • Vibration
        • Drive Axle - RWD Trouble Shooting
        • Fwd Axle Shafts & CV Joints Trouble Shooting
      • Steering & Suspension
        • Manual Steering Gear Trouble Shooting
        • Power Steering Trouble Shooting
        • Steering Column Trouble Shooting
        • Suspension Trouble Shooting
        • Wheel Alignment Trouble Shooting
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Engine Performance - Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Engine Performance
  • Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions
    • Map - Brake Systems
      • Brake Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accelerometers
        • Accumulators
        • Anchor Pins
        • Anti-Lock Brake Control Assembly(Module)
        • Anti-Lock Brake Controller
        • Anti-Lock Brake Systems
        • Axle Seal
        • Backing Plates
        • Bleeder Screw
        • Brake Abs Active Light (Blue)
        • Brake Fluid
        • Brake Friction Material
        • Brake On - Off Switch
        • Brake Pads
        • Brake Pedals
        • Brake Shoe Hardware
        • Brake Shoes
        • Brake Stoplight Switches
        • Brake Warning Light (Amber)
        • Brake Warning Light (Red)
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs And LEDS
        • Caliper Hardware
        • Caliper Mounting Pin
        • Caliper Piston
        • Caliper Shim
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt) Dust Boot
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt)
        • Calipers
        • Combination Valve
        • Controllers
        • Digital Ratio Axle Controllers And Buffers (Drab And Dram)
        • Disable Switches
        • Drums
        • Electrical Brake Pumps
        • Electrical Park Motor
        • Electrical Pumps And Motors
        • Electro-Magnetic Interference
        • Electronic Brake Control Modulator
        • Electronic Brake Distribution
        • Electronic Brake Traction Control Module
        • Electronic Controllers
        • Electronic Traction Control
        • External Brake Cable
        • Flow Control Valve
        • Fluid Level Sensor Switches
        • Fluid
        • Four Wheel Drive Switches
        • Friction Material
        • G Sensors
        • Gaskets
        • Gravitational Switches
        • Grease Seal
        • Height Sensing Proportioning Valve
        • High Pressure Accumulator
        • Hoses
        • Hub
        • Hydraulic Control Unit
        • Hydraulic Modulators
        • Hydro-Boosters
        • Hydro-Electric Boosters (POWERMASTER)
        • Ignition Disable Switches
        • Lamp Driver Relay
        • Lateral Acceleration Switches
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Low Pressure Accumulator
        • Lug Nut
        • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
        • Master Cylinders
        • Modulators
        • Motor Pack
        • Motors
        • Pads
        • Parking Brake Cable
        • Parking Brake Mechanism
        • Parking Brake Shoes
        • Parking Brake Switches
        • Parking Brake Systems
        • Pedal Travel Switches
        • Pedals
        • Power Distribution Center
        • POWERMASTER
        • Pressure Differential Switches
        • Pressure Switches
        • Pressure Transducers
        • Proportioning Valve
        • Pumps
        • Relays
        • RELUCTOR (Speed) Ring
        • Rotors
        • Self-Adjusting Systems
        • Shoe Hardware
        • Shoes
        • Sockets
        • Speed Sensor (RELUCTOR) Ring
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Star Wheel
        • Steel Brake Lines
        • Stoplight Switches
        • Stroke Sensor
        • Switches
        • Tires
        • Tone Ring
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Traction Control System (TCS)
        • Transfer Tubes
        • Vacuum Boosters
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Valves
        • Wear Indicator
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheel Cylinders
        • Wiring Harnesses
        • Yaw Rate Sensor
      • Brake System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Map - Routine Inspection Reference Guide
      • Routine Inspection Reference Guide
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Maintenance Overview
          • Antifreeze/Coolant
          • Visual Inspection
          • Radiator Cap Test
          • Engine Fan
          • Cooling System Power Flush And Refill
          • Belts (Except Timing Belts)
          • Belt TENSIONER
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid Exchange & Filter Replacement
          • Engine Oil
          • Air Filters
          • Cabin Air Filter
          • Brake Fluid
          • Battery
          • Battery Cables
          • Power Steering
          • Power Steering Fluid
          • Wiper Blades
        • Routine Inspection CHECKSHEET
        • Routine Inspection - UICS
          • Brake Systems
            • Notes
            • Brake Fluid
            • Bulbs And LEDS
            • Hoses
            • Lenses
            • Lug Nut
            • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
            • Parking Brake Cable
            • Vacuum Hoses
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
          • Drivetrain And Transmission
            • Notes
            • Automatic Transmission Fluid
            • Clutch Master Cylinders
            • Cooler Lines
            • Coolers
            • Differential Fluid
            • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Filters And Screens
            • Fluids And Lubricants
            • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
            • Hydraulic Fluid
            • Lubricants
            • Manual Transmission Fluid
            • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
            • Transfer Case Fluid
            • Vacuum Hoses
          • Electrical Systems
            • Batteries
            • Battery Cables
            • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
            • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
            • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
            • Ground Cables And Straps
            • Ground Straps
            • Lenses
            • Sealed Beams
            • Washer Pumps
            • Wiper Arms And Blades
            • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
            • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
          • Engine Performance And Maintenance
            • Notes
            • Accessory Belts
            • Air Filter Elements
            • Air Filter Gaskets
            • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
            • Air Pump Belts
            • Batteries
            • Battery Connectors
            • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
            • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
            • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
            • Coolant Recovery Tanks
            • Coolant
            • Distributor Caps
            • Distributor Rotors
            • Engine Cooling Systems
            • Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
            • Engine Oil
            • Fuel Filters
            • Fuel Injector Cleaning
            • Fuel Injectors
            • Fuel System Cleaning Service
            • Hose Clamps
            • Hose Connectors
            • Hose Couplers
            • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
            • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
            • Intake Cleaning
            • O2 Sensors
            • PCV Breather Elements
            • PCV Valves
            • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
            • Spark Plugs
            • Thermostats And Housings
            • Throttle Body Cleaning
            • Timing Belts
            • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
          • Exhaust Systems
            • Notes
            • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
          • Heating, Ventilation And Air Conditioning Systems
            • Notes
            • Belts
            • Cabin Air Filters
            • Coolant
            • Evaporator Drain Tubes
            • Evaporator Filters
            • In-Line Filters
            • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
          • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
            • Notes
            • Hydraulic Hoses
            • Power Steering Belts
            • Power Steering Fluid
            • Power Steering Hoses
            • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
            • Strut Rods
            • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
            • Tire Pressure Sensors
            • Tires
            • Valve Stems
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
      • Wheel & Tire Supplement
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
        • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
        • Wheel & Tire - UICS
          • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
          • Tire Pressure Sensors
          • Tires
          • Wheel Alignment
          • Wheel Attachment Hardware
          • Wheels (Rims)
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Check Lists
    • Symptom Check List Worksheet - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose
        • Notes
        • Why Use the Symptom Check List Worksheets?
        • Making the Worksheets a Part of Your Normal Routine
      • Symptom Check List Worksheets
        • Condensed Version - All On One Page
        • Full Version - All On Four Pages
        • Individual System-Based Check Lists
  • Computer Relearn Procedures
    • Introduction
      • Body Controls
      • Engine Controls
    • CHRYSLER Corp.
      • A/C Calibration (Caravan, Town & Country, & Voyager)
        • Description
        • Procedure
      • A/C Calibration (CONCORDE, Intrepid & 300M)
      • Body Control Module (CONCORDE, Intrepid, SEBRING Convertible, SEBRING Sedan, Stratus Sedan & 300M)
      • Drive Learn Procedure (DAKOTA - 4.7L, DURANGO - 4.7L & Ram Pickup 1500 - 4.7L)
        • Notes
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1st Neutral To Drive Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Drive Garage Shift
        • Procedure To Learn The 1st 2-3 Shift After A Restart Or Shift To Reverse
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 2-3 & 3-4 Upshift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-3 Coastdown & Part Throttle 4-3 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1-2 Upshift & 3-2 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Manual 2-1 Pulldown Shift As Well As A Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-5 Upshift for 545RFE
      • Engine Control Module Programming (Diesel)
      • Immobilizer System (SEBRING Coupe & Stratus Coupe)
        • Notes
        • Encrypted Code Registration
        • Key ID Registration
      • Instrument Cluster (Ram Van & Ram Wagon)
      • Pinion Factor Procedure
        • Except Concorde, Durango - With NGC, Intrepid & 300M
        • Concorde, Durango - With NGC, Intrepid & 300M
      • Power Liftgate Learn Cycle (Caravan & Town & Country)
        • Description
        • Procedure
      • Power Sliding Door Learn Cycle (Caravan & Town & Country)
        • Description
        • Procedure
      • Powertrain Control Module Programming (Except Ram Pickup 2500 & 3500 - Gasoline, Ram Van & Ram Wagon)
      • Powertrain Control Module Programming (Ram Pickup 2500 & 3500 - Gasoline, Ram Van & Ram Wagon)
      • Sentry Key Immobilizer Module Programming
      • Programming Ignition Keys To Sentry Key Immobilizer Module
        • Using Scan Tool
        • Programming Ignition Keys Using Customer Learn Method
      • Torque Converter Clutch Break-In Procedure (CONCORDE, Intrepid & 300M)
        • Description
        • Break-In Procedure
      • Transmission Shift Quality Quick Learn Procedure (DAKOTA - 4.7L, DURANGO - 4.7L & Ram Pickup 1500 - 4.7L)
      • Transaxle Shift Quality Quick Learn Procedure
      • Vehicle DRIVEABILITY Computer Relearn Procedure
    • Ford Motor Co.
      • Notes
      • Control Module Programming
        • Notes
        • Programmable Module Installation Procedure
        • Steering Column Lock Actuator Module Parameter Reset (LS - Manual Transmission Only)
      • Customer Preferences
      • Instrument Cluster Programming
        • Notes
        • Instrument Cluster Programming Procedure "A"
        • Instrument Cluster Programming Procedure "B"
        • Security Access Procedure
      • Power Sliding Door Initialization (WINDSTAR Only)
      • Programming Powertrain Control Module (All Models)
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Flash Vehicle Identification (VID) Block Procedure
      • Rear Ride Height Initializing Procedure (BLACKWOOD Only)
        • Calibration Procedure
    • General Motors (Cars)
      • Notes
      • Crankshaft Position Sensor System Variation Learn Procedure
        • Alero, Aurora - 4.0L, Bonneville, Cavalier - 2.2L, Century, Corvette, Deville, Eldorado, Grand Am, Grand Prix, Impala, LeSabre, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Park Avenue, Regal, Seville & Sunfire - 2.2L
        • Camaro & Firebird - 3.8L
        • Camaro & Firebird - 5.7L
        • Cavalier & Sunfire - 2.4L
        • Intrigue - 3.5L
        • Saturn - 1.9L
        • Saturn - 2.2L
      • Engine Control Module
        • Saturn - 3.0L
      • Idle Air Control Valve Learn Procedure
        • Deville, Eldorado & Seville
      • Powertrain Control Module
        • Alero - 2.2L, Cavalier, Grand Am - 2.2L, Saturn - 1.9L & Sunfire
        • Remote Programming (Alero - 3.4L, Aurora, Bonneville, Camaro, Century, Deville, Eldorado, Firebird, Grand Am, Grand Prix, Impala, Intrigue, LeSabre, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Park Avenue, Regal & Seville)
        • Off-Board Programming (Alero - 3.4L, Aurora, Bonneville, Camaro, Century, Deville, Eldorado, Firebird, Grand Am, Grand Prix, Impala, Intrigue, LeSabre, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Park Avenue, Regal & Seville)
        • Remote Programming (Corvette)
        • Off-Board Programming (Corvette)
      • Theft Deterrent System Components
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Alero, Cavalier, Century, Corvette, Grand Am, Impala, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Regal & Sunfire)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Alero, Cavalier, Century, Corvette, Grand Am, Impala, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Regal & Sunfire)
        • Set Up A New Theft Deterrent Control Module (Aurora, Bonneville, Deville, Eldorado, Intrigue, LeSabre, Park Avenue & Seville)
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Aurora, Bonneville, Deville, Eldorado, Intrigue, LeSabre, Park Avenue & Seville)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Aurora, Bonneville, Deville, Eldorado, Intrigue, LeSabre, Park Avenue & Seville)
        • Passlock™ Anti-Theft Seed & Key Method (Saturn - 1.9L)
        • Passlock™ Anti-Theft Auto Learn Method (Saturn - 1.9L)
        • Auto Learn Method (Saturn - 2.2L & 3.0L)
        • Saturn Service Stall Method (Saturn - 2.2L & 3.0L)
      • Throttle Body Relearn Procedure
        • Saturn - 3.0L
      • Throttle Position Sensor Learn Procedure
        • Deville, Eldorado & Seville
    • General Motors (Trucks & Vans)
      • Notes
      • Crankshaft Position Sensor System Variation Learn Procedure
        • Avalanche, Astro, Aztek, Blazer, Bravada, Cab & Chassis - 8.1L, Chevy Express - 4.3L, 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, Montana, Rendezvous, RV Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, S10 Pickup, Safari, Savana - 4.3L, 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Camper Special -5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Sierra - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Silhouette, Silverado - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Sonoma, Suburban, Tahoe, Trailblazer, Venture, Yukon & Yukon XL
        • Vue - 2.2L
      • Engine Control Module Programming
        • Remote Programming (Sierra & Silverado - 6.6L)
        • Off-Board Programming (Sierra & Silverado - 6.6L)
        • Vue - 2.2L
        • Vue - 3.0L
      • Fuel Injection Pump Top Dead Center Offset Adjustment
        • Learning A TDC Offset (Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L)
      • Glow Plug System Relearn Procedure
        • Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L
      • Powertrain Control Module
        • Remote Programming (Avalanche, Astro, Aztek, Blazer, Bravada, Cab & Chassis - 8.1L, Chevy Express - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, Montana, Rendezvous, RV Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, S10 Pickup - 4.3L, Safari, Savana - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Camper Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Sierra - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Silhouette, Silverado - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Sonoma - 4.3L, Suburban, Tahoe, Trailblazer, Venture, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • Off-Board Programming (Avalanche, Astro, Aztek, Blazer, Bravada, Cab & Chassis - 8.1L, Chevy Express - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, Montana, Rendezvous, RV Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, S10 Pickup - 4.3L, Safari, Savana - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Camper Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Sierra - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Silhouette, Silverado - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Sonoma - 4.3L, Suburban, Tahoe, Trailblazer, Venture, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • PCM Programming (Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L)
        • Programming TDC Offset (Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L)
        • PCM Programming (S10 Pickup - 2.2L, Sonoma - 2.2L & Tracker)
      • Theft Deterrent System Components
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Avalanche, Astro, Blazer, Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, RV Cutaway, S10 Pickup, Safari, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special, Sierra, Silverado, Sonoma, Suburban, Tahoe, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Avalanche, Astro, Blazer, Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, RV Cutaway, S10 Pickup, Safari, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special, Sierra, Silverado, Sonoma, Suburban, Tahoe, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • Set Up a New Theft Deterrent Control Module (Aztek, Montana, Rendezvous, Silhouette & Venture)
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Aztek, Montana, Rendezvous, Silhouette & Venture)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Aztek, Montana, Rendezvous, Silhouette & Venture)
        • 10 Minute Learn Procedure With Standard Key (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • 30 Minute Learn Procedure With Standard Key (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • Procedure To Set Up New Theft Deterrent Control Module With Transponder Key (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • 10 Minute Re-Learn Procedure (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • Auto Learn Method (Vue)
        • Saturn Service Stall Method (Vue)
      • Throttle Body Relearn Procedure
        • Vue - 3.0L
    • Jeep
      • Drive Learn Procedure (Grand CHEROKEE & Liberty)
        • Notes
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1st Neutral To Drive Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Drive Garage Shift
        • Procedure To Learn The 1st 2-3 Shift After A Restart Or Shift To Reverse
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 2-3 & 3-4 Upshift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-3 Coastdown & Part Throttle 4-3 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1-2 Upshift & 3-2 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Manual 2-1 Pulldown Shift As Well As A Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-5 Upshift for 545RFE
      • Powertrain Control Module Programming
        • Notes
        • Updating Secret Key Data
      • Sentry Key Immobilizer Module Programming
      • Programming Ignition Keys To Sentry Key Immobilizer Module
        • Using Scan Tool
        • Using Customer Learn Method
      • Shift Quality Quick-Learn Procedure (Grand CHEROKEE & Liberty)
        • Overview
        • Quick-Learn Procedure
  • OBD-II Drive Cycles
    • 1996-99 Gasoline Models (Except Villager)
      • Introduction
      • Vehicle Preparation for OBD-II or Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle
      • Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycles
    • 1996 Villager
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle Test Procedure
      • Misfire Detection Repair Verification Drive Cycle
    • 1997-99 Villager
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle
    • 2000-04 Gasoline Models
      • Introduction
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
      • Drive Cycle Procedures
    • 2005-09 Gasoline Models
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
        • Notes
        • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2010-12 Gasoline Models (Except Fiesta)
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2011-12 Fiesta
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2003-07 6.0L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure:
    • 2008-10 6.4L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure:
    • 2011-12 6.7L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure
    • 1996-03 7.3L Diesel
      • Description
      • Performing Drive Cycle
    • 2005-09 Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2005-12 Escape Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle
    • 2011-12 Fusion Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
  • Driveline/Axles
    • Drive Axle Noise Diagnosis - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Unrelated Noises
      • Non-Drive Axle Noises
      • Gear Noise
      • Chuckle
      • Knock
      • Clunk
      • Bearing Whine
      • Bearing Rumble
      • Chatter On Turns
      • Axle Shaft Noise
      • Vibration
    • Gear Tooth Contact Patterns - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Inspection
        • Notes
        • Gear Tooth Contact Pattern
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Gear Backlash & Pinion Shim Changes
    • Map - Drive Train & Transmission
      • Drive Train & Transmission Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Drivetrain And Transmission
        • Notes
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Automatic Transmission / Transaxle Assemblies/CVTS
        • Automatic Transmission Fluid
        • Axles
        • Bearings And Races
        • Bell Cranks
        • Bell Housings
        • Bushings (External)
        • Cables (Speedometer)
        • Cables (TV, Detent And Shift)
        • Carrier Bearings
        • Clutch Cables And Cable Housings
        • Clutch Discs (Manual Transmissions)
        • Clutch Forks
        • Clutch Linkages (Mechanical)
        • Clutch Master Cylinders
        • Clutch Pedals
        • Clutch Pivots
        • Clutch Pressure Plates
        • Clutch Release Bearings
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Concentric)
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Conventional Or External)
        • Companion Flanges
        • Connectors
        • Cooler Bypass Valves
        • Cooler Lines
        • Coolers
        • CV Joints
        • Differential And Final Drive Assemblies
        • Differential Fluid
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks (Fluid Level Indicators)
        • Dowel Pins, Guides And Pilot Holes
        • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Drive Shaft Flanges
        • Drive Shafts And Half Shafts
        • Dust Boots
        • Engine Mounts
        • Exciter Rings
        • Filler Tubes
        • Filters And Screens
        • Flanges
        • Flex Plates
        • Fluid Level Indicators
        • Fluids And Lubricants
        • Flywheels
        • Force Motors
        • Gaskets
        • Guides
        • Half Shafts
        • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
        • Housings (Bell, Case, Tail(Extension) And Auxiliary)
        • Hydraulic Fluid
        • Intermediate Shaft Support Bearings
        • Key Interlock Systems
        • Limited Slips
        • Lines
        • Linkages (External)
        • Locking Hub Assemblies
        • Locking Hub Control Knobs
        • Lubricants
        • Manual Transmission Fluid
        • Manual Transmission/Transaxle Assemblies
        • Metal Clad Seals
        • METALASTIC Joints
        • Modulator Pins
        • Modulators
        • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
        • Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Oil Pans
        • Pans
        • Pilot Holes
        • Pressure Plates
        • Pressure Switches
        • Races
        • Rubber Joints (METALASTIC)
        • Screens
        • Seals (Metal Clad)
        • Seals
        • Selector Interlock Systems
        • Sensors
        • Servos
        • Shift Interlock Systems (Selector And Key Interlock Systems)
        • Side Covers
        • Slip Yokes
        • Solenoids
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Speedometer- Driven Gear Housing
        • Speedometer/Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Speedometer/Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Speedometers/Odometers (Electronic)
        • Switches
        • Tone Wheels
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Torque Converters
        • Transaxle Mounts
        • Transducers (Transmission)
        • Transfer Case Assemblies
        • Transfer Case Fluid
        • Transmission Coolers
        • Transmission Mounts
        • Transmission Pans
        • Transmission Range Indicators (PRNDL)
        • Tubes
        • Universal Joints (CARDAN Or Cross Type)
        • Vacuum Controls
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Vacuum Motors
        • Vacuum-Operated Switches
        • Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Vents
        • Vibration Dampers
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Speed Sensors
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
        • Yokes And Slip Yokes
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Trouble Shooting - Clutches - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • All Models
  • DTC Index
    • A/C Heater Systems - Manual DTCS
    • Air Bag Restraints Systems DTCS
    • Anti-Lock Brakes DTCS
      • Anti-Lock Control - Traction Control DTCS
      • Anti-Lock - Traction Control & Stability Assist DTCS
    • Anti-Theft-Perimeter DTCS
    • Anti-Theft Systems - Passive DTCS
      • Notes
      • Powertrain Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTCS)
      • Expanded Passive DTCS Descriptions
    • Automatic Transmission - Electronic Controls DTCS
    • Cruise Control Systems DTCS
    • Door Locks & Remote Keyless Entry Systems DTCS
      • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems DTCS
    • Horn Systems DTCS
    • Information And Message Center DTCS
    • Instrument Cluster DTCS
    • Instrument Cluster And Panel Illumination DTCS
    • Lighting Systems (DTCS)
      • Exterior Lighting DTCS
      • Interior Lighting DTCS
    • MULTIFUNCTION Electronic Control Modules DTCS
    • Parking Aid Module (PAM) DTCS
    • Power Mirrors DTCS
    • Power Seats DTCS
    • Power Windows DTCS
    • Rear Window Defogger DTCS
    • Self-Diagnostics DTCS
    • Steering Column Switches DTCS
    • Wiper/Washer Systems DTCS
    • Warning Devices DTCS
  • Electrical
    • Map - Electrical Systems
      • Electrical Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Actuator Motors (Electric)
        • Actuator Motors (Vacuum)
        • Air Bags
        • Alternators And Generators
        • Amplifiers
        • Antennas
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Cables
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belts
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
        • Cd Players
        • Cigarette Lighter Assemblies
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Clutch Switches
        • Connectors
        • Control Modules
        • Cruise Control Brake Switches
        • Cruise Control Cables
        • Cruise Control Clutch Switches
        • Cruise Control Linkages And Cables
        • Cruise Control Reservoirs
        • Cruise Control Tubes
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Dump Release Valves
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And
        • Cruise Control Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Defoggers
        • Defrosters
        • Delays
        • Dimmers
        • Electric Heaters
        • Equalizers
        • Fuse Blocks
        • Fuse Boxes And Blocks
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gauges
        • Generators
        • Ground Cables And Straps
        • Ground Straps
        • Headlight Adjusters
        • Heating Elements (Defrosters, Defoggers, Electric Heaters And Seats)
        • Horns And Sirens
        • Ignition Switches
        • Indicator Lights
        • Keyless Entry Keypads And Transmitters
        • Keyless Entry Transmitters
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Microphones
        • Mirrors (ELECTROCHROMATIC And Heated)
        • Motors
        • Neutral Safety Switches
        • Odometers, Speedometers And Tachometers (Cable Driven)
        • Odometers
        • Power Distribution Center
        • Pulleys
        • Receivers, Amplifiers, Equalizers And Sub-Woofer Volume Controls
        • Relay Boxes
        • Relays
        • Sealed Beams
        • Seat Heaters
        • Security Alarm Sensors
        • Sirens
        • Solenoids
        • Speakers And Microphones
        • Speedometer And Tachometer Linkages And Cables
        • Speedometer Cables
        • Speedometers
        • Starters
        • Sub-Woofer Volume Control
        • Switches
        • Tachometer Cables
        • Tachometers
        • Tape Players And Cd Players
        • TENSIONERS
        • Timers
        • Transceivers
        • Transducers
        • Vacuum Accumulators (Reservoirs)
        • Voltage Regulators
        • Washer Fluid Level Senders
        • Washer Pumps
        • Wiper Arms And Blades
        • Wiper Blades
        • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
        • Wiper Linkages
        • Wiper Nozzles
        • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Battery, Starting & Charging System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
  • Engine
    • Engine Overhaul Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Engine Identification
      • Inspection Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Magnetic Particle Inspection
          • Notes
          • Magnaflux & Magnaglo
        • Penetrant Inspection
          • Notes
          • Zyglo
          • Dye Check
        • Ultrasonic Inspection
        • X-Ray Inspection
        • Pressure Testing
      • Cleaning Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Bead Blasting
        • Chemical Cleaning
      • Component Cleaning
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Sheet Metal Parts
        • Intake & Exhaust Manifolds
      • Cylinder Head Replacement
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Installation
        • Valve Adjustment
      • Cylinder Head Overhaul
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cylinder Head Disassembly
        • Cylinder Head Cleaning & Inspection
        • Valve Springs
        • Valve Guide
          • Notes
          • Measuring Valve Guide Clearance
          • Reaming Valve Guide
          • Replacing Valve Guide
        • Valves & Valve Seats
          • Notes
          • Valve Grinding
          • Valve Lapping
          • Valve Seat Grinding
          • Valve Seat Replacement
          • Valve Seat Concentricity
        • Cylinder Head Reassembly
          • Notes
          • Valve Stem Installed Height
        • Valve Stem Oil Seals
          • Notes
          • Replacement (On-Vehicle)
        • Valve Spring Installed Height
        • Rocker Arms & Assemblies
          • Notes
          • Rocker Studs
          • Rocker Arms & Shafts
        • Push Rods
        • Lifters
          • Notes
          • Hydraulic Lifters
          • Mechanical Lifters
      • Pistons, Connecting Rods & Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Ridge Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Cleaning
          • Inspection
        • Piston & Cylinder Bore Fit
        • Assembling Piston & Connecting Rod
        • Checking Piston Ring Clearances
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Installation
        • Connecting Rod Side Clearance
        • Main & Connecting Rod Bearing Clearance
          • Notes
          • Plastigage Method
          • Micrometer & Telescopic Gauge Method
      • Crankshaft & Main Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Installation
        • Crankshaft End Play
          • Notes
          • Dial Indicator Method
          • Feeler Gauge Method
        • Cylinder Block
          • Notes
          • Block Cleaning
          • Block Inspection
          • Cylinder Bore Inspection
          • Cylinder Honing
          • Deck Warpage
          • Deck Height
          • Main Bearing Bore & Alignment
          • Expansion Plug Removal
          • Expansion Plug Installation
          • Oil Gallery Plug Removal
          • Oil Gallery Plug Installation
      • Camshaft
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Camshaft Bearings
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Camshaft Installation
        • Camshaft End Play
      • Timing Chains & Belts
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Chains
        • Timing Belts
        • Tension Adjustment
      • Timing Gears
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Gear Backlash & RUNOUT
        • Rear Main Oil Seal Installation
          • Notes
          • One-Piece Type Seal
          • Rope Type Seal
          • Split-Rubber Type Seal
      • Oil Pump
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Rotor Type
        • Gear Type
      • Break-In Procedure
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Engine Pre-Oiling
        • Initial Start-Up
        • Camshaft
        • Piston Rings
        • Final Adjustments
    • General Cooling System Service - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Maintenance
        • Draining
        • Flushing
          • Notes
          • Radiator
          • Engine Block
        • Refilling
      • Testing
        • Thermostat
        • Pressure Testing
          • Notes
          • Radiator Cap
          • Cooling System
  • Engine Performance
    • Electrostatic Discharge Warning - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Introduction
      • Handling Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
      • Checking Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
    • Engine Performance Diagnostic Routine Outline - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Where Does DRIVEABILITY Diagnosis Start?
        • Perform Basic Inspection
        • Check For Trouble Codes
        • Diagnose Symptom
        • Test System
    • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
      • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
    • Map - Engine Performance & Maintenance
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance (Including Exhaust Systems)
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Engine Performance & Maintenance CHECKSHEET
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance
        • Notes
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor
        • Accessory Belts
        • Accessory Pulleys
        • Air Conditioning Cycling Switches
        • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensors
        • Air Ducts And Tubes
        • Air Filter Elements
        • Air Filter Gaskets
        • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
        • Air Fuel Ratio Sensors
        • Air Injection Control Solenoids
        • Air Plenums
        • Air Pump Belts
        • Air Pumps (Electric Driven)
        • Air Tubes
        • Aspirator, Check And DECEL Valves
        • Baffles
        • Ballast Primary Supply Resistor Wires
        • Ballast Resistors And Primary Supply Resistors
        • Barometric Pressure Sensors
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Connectors
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
        • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
        • Belt-Driven Air Pumps
        • Boost Control Mechanism
        • Camshaft Position Sensors
        • Carburetors And Chokes
        • Casting Core Plugs And Expansion Plugs
        • Charge Air Coolers ""INTERCOOLERS"" (CAC)
        • Check Valves
        • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Chokes
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switches
        • Cold Start Injectors
        • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
        • Connectors
        • Coolant Recovery Tanks
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Motor Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Relays And Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Resistors
        • Cooling Fan Motor Sensors And Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motor Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Crankshaft Position Sensors
        • Cylinder Deactivation Solenoid
        • Cylinder Head Assemblies
        • DECEL Valves
        • Deflectors
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks And Tubes
        • Distributor Advances And Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Boots And Shields
        • Distributor Caps
        • Distributor Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Rotors
        • Distributor Shields
        • Distributors
        • Early Fuel Evaporation Valves (Heat Riser Assemblies)
        • EGR Coolers
        • EGR Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Intake And Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Plates And Coolers
        • Electronic Spark Control Modules
        • Electronic Transmission Control Devices
        • Electronic Transmission Feedback Devices
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensors
        • Engine Cooling Systems
        • Engine Covers (Oil Pan, Valve Cover, Timing Cover)
        • Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Engine Oil Canisters
        • Engine Oil Coolers (External)
        • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
        • Engine Oil Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Pressure Gauges (Mechanical)
        • Engine Oil
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Filters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Purge Devices
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canisters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Feedback Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Feedback Devices
        • Expansion Plugs
        • Fan Control Sensor
        • Fuel Accumulators And Dampers
        • Fuel And Cold Start Injectors
        • Fuel Caps
        • Fuel Dampers
        • Fuel Delivery Check Valves
        • Fuel Distributors (BOSCH Cis)
        • Fuel Filler Necks And RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel Filters
        • Fuel Injector Cleaning
        • Fuel Injectors
        • Fuel Level Senders
        • Fuel Pressure Regulators
        • Fuel Pumps (In-Tank, External, Electrical Or Mechanical)
        • Fuel Rails
        • Fuel RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel System Cleaning Service
        • Fuel Tanks
        • Fuel
        • Gaskets
        • Grommets (Valve Cover)
        • Harmonic Dampers
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Hose Clamps
        • Hose Connectors
        • Hose Couplers
        • Hoses And Tube Couplers, Connectors And Clamps
        • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
        • Housings
        • Idle Air Controls
        • Idle Speed Control Actuators
        • Ignition Boots
        • Ignition Coil Towers
        • Ignition Coils
        • Ignition Control Modules (ICM)
        • Ignition Switches
        • Ignition Terminals
        • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
        • Inertia Fuel Shut-Off Switches
        • Intake Air Temperature Sensors
        • Intake Cleaning
        • Intake Manifolds
        • In-Tank Fuel Strainers
        • INTERCOOLERS
        • Knock Sensors
        • Liquid Vapor Separators
        • Long Block Assemblies
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensors
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensors
        • Metal Air Manifolds And Pipes
        • Metal Air Pipes
        • Mix Control Solenoids
        • Motor Mounts
        • O2 Sensors
        • Oil Pans
        • Oil Pressure Sending Units
        • Oil Pump Pick-Up Screens
        • Oil Pumps
        • O-Rings, Gaskets, Seals And Spring Locks
        • Park Neutral Position Switches
        • PCV Breather Elements
        • PCV Orifices
        • PCV Valves
        • Pick-Up Assemblies (Includes Magnetic, Hall Effect And Optical)
        • Power Steering Pressure Sensors
        • Powertrain Control Modules (Pcm) And Prom
        • Powertrain Control Prom
        • Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Blades
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiators
        • Roll Over Valves
        • Sealing Compounds
        • Seals
        • Secondary Air Injection System Management Devices
        • Sensors
        • Short Block Assemblies
        • Shrouds, Baffles And Deflectors
        • Spark Plugs
        • Spring Locks
        • Super Chargers
        • Switches
        • Thermal Vacuum Valves
        • Thermostatic Air Door Assemblies
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Throttle Bodies
        • Throttle Body Cleaning
        • Throttle Cables
        • Throttle Linkages And Cables
        • Throttle Position Sensors
        • Throttle Position Switches
        • Timing Belt Sprockets
        • Timing Belts
        • Timing Covers
        • Torque Struts
        • Transmission Range Switches
        • Tube Clamps
        • Tube Connectors
        • Tube Couplers
        • Tubes
        • Turbo Chargers
        • Vacuum Connections
        • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
        • Vacuum Regulator Solenoids
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valve Covers
        • Vehicle Speed Senors
        • Volume Air Flow Sensors
        • Waste Gate And Boost Control Mechanisms
        • Waste Gate Control Solenoids
        • Water Pumps (Electric)
        • Water Pumps (Non-Electric)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Parasitic Load Explanation & Test Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • General Information
      • Testing For Parasitic Load
        • Notes
        • CHRYSLER Ignition Off Draw (IOD) Test
        • Test Procedure Using Test Switch
        • Intermittent Parasitic Load Problems
        • Diode Check & Solenoid Test
        • Quad Driver Test
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
    • Waveforms - Injector Pattern Tutorial - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose Of This Article
        • Notes
        • Scope Of This Article
      • Is A Lab Scope Necessary?
        • Introduction
        • Overview Of NOID Light
          • Notes
          • Use the Right Noid Light
        • Overview Of DVOM
          • Notes
          • Checking Injector Resistance
          • Checking Available Voltage At the Injector
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Built-In Function
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Dwell Or Duty
          • How A Duty Cycle Meter and Dwell Meter Work
          • Strengths of Dwell/Duty Meter
          • Weaknesses of Dwell/Duty Meter
      • The Two Types Of Injector Drivers
        • Notes
        • Overview
        • Voltage Controlled Circuit ("Saturated Switch")
        • Current Controlled Circuit ("Peak & Hold")
      • The Two Ways Injector Circuits Are Wired
      • Interpreting Injector Waveforms
        • Notes
        • Interpreting A Voltage Controlled Pattern
        • Interpreting A Current Controlled Pattern
      • Current Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
      • Voltage Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
  • Map - Exhaust Systems
    • Exhaust Systems
      • Notes
      • Map Standards Of Service
      • The Map Process - Overview
      • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Catalytic Converters
      • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
      • Exhaust Connections
      • Hangers
      • Heat Risers (Mechanical EFE Devices)
      • Heat Shields
      • Manifolds (Cast And Tube Type)
      • Mechanical EFE Devices
      • Muffler Valve
      • Mufflers And Resonators
    • Reason Code Explanation
  • Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
    • Map - Heating, Ventilation, & Air Conditioning
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accumulators
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Air Conditioning Fittings
        • Air Conditioning Hoses
        • Air Conditioning Metal Lines
        • Air Control Doors
        • Air Dams (External)
        • Air Distribution System
        • Belts
        • Blend Doors
        • Blower Fans (Blower Wheel Or Squirrel Cage)
        • Blower Motors
        • Blower Resistors
        • Blower Switches
        • Cabin Air Filters
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Compressor Clutch Assemblies
        • Compressors
        • Condenser Air Seals
        • Condenser Fan Motors
        • Condensers
        • Connectors
        • Control Cables
        • Control Heads (Function Selectors)
        • Control Linkages
        • Control Modules
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Blades
        • Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Evaporator Drain Tubes
        • Evaporator Filters
        • Evaporator Pressure Regulators (EPRS)
        • Evaporators
        • Expansion Valves
        • Function Selectors
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gaskets
        • Heater Cases
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Heater Hoses
        • High Pressure Relief Valves (HPRV)
        • Idlers
        • In-Line Filters
        • Metal Fittings
        • Metal Lines
        • Mix And Air Control Doors (Blend Doors)
        • ORIFACE Tubes
        • O-Rings
        • Pilot-Operated Absolutes (POAS)
        • Plenums
        • Pressure Control Valves
        • Pressure Sensors
        • Pulleys
        • Radiators
        • Receiver-DRIERS
        • Refrigerant Oil
        • Refrigerant
        • Relays
        • Seals
        • Service Ports
        • Spring Lock Couplings
        • Suction Throttling Valves (STVS)
        • Switches (Electrical)
        • TENSIONERS
        • Thermistors And Pressure Sensors
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
        • Vacuum Reservoirs
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valves In Receiver (VIRS)
        • Water Pumps (Electric Auxiliary)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Identification
    • CANADIAN Model Cross-Reference
      • * Please Read This First *
      • ACURA
      • ASUNA
      • AUDI
      • BMW
      • CHRYSLER Corp.
        • CHRYSLER
        • Dodge
        • Eagle
        • PLYMOUTH
      • General Motors
        • BUICK
        • CHEVROLET
        • GMC
        • OLDSMOBILE
        • Optima
        • PONTIAC
      • HYUNDAI
      • Jaguar
      • KIA
      • MAZDA
      • MERCEDES-BENZ
      • Mercury
      • MERKUR
      • MITSUBISHI
      • NISSAN
      • RENAULT
      • SATURN
      • Smart
      • SUBARU
      • SUZUKI
      • TOYOTA
      • VOLKSWAGEN
      • VOLVO
      • All Others
    • Engine Introduction - Trucks
      • Engine Introduction - Trucks
        • Notes
        • Vehicle Identification Number Description
          • Notes
          • World Manufacturer Identifier - Position 1
          • Brake Type & Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) - Position 2
          • Line, Series & Body Type Code - Position 3
          • Engine Code - Position 4
          • Computer-Generated Check Digit - Position 5
          • Model Year Code - Position 6
          • Assembly Plant Code - Position 7
          • Production Sequence Number - Position 8
        • Model/Year VIN Code Applications
        • Engine Code Location
  • Metric Conversions
    • Engine Displacement Conversion Table - ECAT
      • Conversion Table
    • Metric Conversions
      • Metric Conversions
        • Notes
        • Length
        • Volume
        • Torque
        • Pressure
      • Conversion Factors
  • OEM General Information
    • Engine Introduction - Trucks
      • Engine Introduction - Trucks
        • Notes
        • Vehicle Identification Number Description
          • Notes
          • World Manufacturer Identifier - Position 1
          • Brake Type & Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) - Position 2
          • Line, Series & Body Type Code - Position 3
          • Engine Code - Position 4
          • Computer-Generated Check Digit - Position 5
          • Model Year Code - Position 6
          • Assembly Plant Code - Position 7
          • Production Sequence Number - Position 8
        • Model/Year VIN Code Applications
        • Engine Code Location
    • How To Use The Engine Performance Section
      • * Please Read This First *
      • How To Use The Engine Performance Section
      • Application
        • Notes
        • Introduction/Engine/VIN Id
      • Emission Applications
        • Notes
        • Emission Application Tables
      • Specifications
        • Notes
        • Service & Adjustment Specifications
      • Adjustment
        • Notes
        • On-Vehicle Adjustments
      • Theory & Operation
      • Testing & Diagnostics
        • Notes
        • Basic Diagnostic Procedures/Basic Testing
        • Self-Diagnostics/Tests W/Codes
        • Trouble Shooting - No Codes/Tests W/O Codes
        • System & Component Testing
      • Pin Voltage Charts
      • Sensor Range Charts
        • Notes
        • Sensor Operating Range Charts
      • Vacuum Hose Diagram(S)
      • Removal, Overhaul & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams - Engine Performance
        • Notes
        • 2002 & Earlier
        • 2003 & Later
  • Reset Procedures
    • ATEQ TPMS Reset Procedure (Indirect TPM System)
      • ATEQ TPMS Reset Procedure (Indirect TPM System)
        • Notes
        • Vehicles With Message Center
        • Vehicles Without Message Center
    • BARTEC TPMS Reset Procedure
      • BARTEC TPMS Reset Procedure
    • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
      • A/C Filter Service Reminder
        • Notes
        • A/C Filter Service Reminder Reset Procedure
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder
        • Notes
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
          • Oil Life Reset - Base Instrument Cluster
          • Oil Life Reset - Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
          • Non-Hybrid
          • Hybrid
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
          • Owner's Manual 1
          • Owner's Manual 2
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 11
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 12
          • With Base Instrument Cluster
          • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 13
          • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
          • With Base Instrument Cluster
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 14
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 15
          • Base Message Center
          • Uplevel Message Center
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 16
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 17
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 18
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 19
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 20
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 21
          • Notes
          • Without Message Center
          • With Message Center
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 22
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 23
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 24
          • Path 1
          • Path 2
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 25
          • Base Cluster
          • High Series Cluster
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 26
          • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 2.3 Inch Screen/4.2 Inch Screen
          • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 8 Inch Screen
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 27
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 28
      • Maintenance Service Reminder (Overhead Warning Lights)
        • Notes
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset Procedure
      • Maintenance Service Reminder (Sri)
        • Notes
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Maintenance Service Reminder (VMM)
        • Notes
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Tire Pressure Monitor System Reminder
        • Notes
        • Tire Pressure Sensor Types
          • Notes
          • Banded Sensor
          • Valve Mounted Bolt-On Sensor
          • Valve Mounted Snap-In Sensor
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
          • Notes
          • Vehicles With Message Center
          • Vehicles Without Message Center
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
          • Notes
          • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Single Rear Wheel
          • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Dual Rear Wheel
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
          • Overview
          • Carrying Out the System Reset Procedure
          • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 2.3" information display, scroll to:
          • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 4.2" information display, scroll to:
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
    • Tire Pressure Monitor Systems - Indirect System
      • Model Coverage
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Tire Pressure Monitor (TPM) System
        • Tire Pressure Monitor Warning Light
      • TPMS Reset Procedures
        • Notes
        • Resetting Tire Pressure Monitor System
          • Vehicles With Message Center
          • Vehicles Without Message Center
      • Dismounting/Mounting Procedures
      • Torque Specifications
  • Specifications Index
    • Common Specs & Procedures
      • Specifications Index
  • Steering
    • Map - Steering, Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels & Tires
      • Steering & Suspension Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Wheel And Tire
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
      • Steering & Suspension CHECKSHEET
      • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
      • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
        • Notes
        • Active Handling
        • Active Suspension Control Modules
        • Active Variable Ratio Steering
        • Active Yaw Control
        • Adaptive Cruise Control
        • Advance TRAC
        • Air Bags
        • Air Ride Control Modules
        • Air Ride Suspension Torsion Springs (Counter Balancing)
        • Air Ride Suspension
        • Air Ride Tubes
        • Air Shocks And Air Struts
        • Air Spring Valves
        • Air Springs
        • Air Suspension Control Valves
        • Air Suspension DRIERS
        • Axle Acceleration Sensor
        • Ball Joints
        • Body Acceleration Sensor
        • Bushings
        • Center Links
        • Compressors
        • Continuous Damping Control
        • Control Arm Shafts
        • Control Arms
        • Control Modules
        • Distance Regulation Control Module
        • Distance Regulation Sensor
        • Drag Links
        • Dynamic Stability Control
        • Dynamic Stability Traction Control
        • Electronic Ride Control Shocks And Struts
        • Electronic Stability Control
        • Electronic Suspension System
        • Flex Couplers
        • Gaskets
        • Height Sensors
        • Hydraulic Hoses
        • Hydraulic Power Steering Pumps
        • Hydraulic Suspension Hoses
        • Hydraulic Suspension Pumps
        • Idler Arms
        • Intermediate Shaft U-Joints
        • King Pins
        • Modules
        • Pitman Arms
        • Power Steering Belts
        • Power Steering Coolers
        • Power Steering Fluid
        • Power Steering Hoses
        • Power Steering Lines (Steel)
        • Power Steering Pumps - Electric
        • Power Steering Pumps
        • Radar Sensor
        • Radius Arms
        • Relay Rods
        • Relays
        • Sensors
        • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
        • Spindles
        • Springs, Coil, Leaf And Torsion Bars
        • STABILITRAC
        • Stability Management System
        • Steering Angle Sensor
        • Steering Arms
        • Steering Couplers
        • Steering Dampers
        • Steering Gears (Except Rack And Pinion)
        • Steering Gears, Rack And Pinion
        • Steering Knuckles
        • Strike Out Bumpers
        • Strut Bearing Plate Assemblies
        • Strut Rods
        • Suspension Pumps (Hydraulic)
        • Sway Bar Links
        • Sway Bar Mounting Bushings
        • Sway Bars
        • Switches
        • Tie Rod Ends (Inner And Outer)
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
        • Tire Pressure Sensors
        • Tires
        • Torque Sensor
        • Torsion Springs
        • Track Bar Bushings
        • Track Bars
        • Trailing Arm Bushings
        • Trailing Arms
        • Valve Stems
        • Vehicle Dynamics Control
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor
        • Vehicle Stability Assist
        • Vehicle Stability/Skid Control
        • Warning Lamps
        • Wheel Alignment
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheels (Rims)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Pre-Alignment Instructions
        • Notes
        • General Alignment Checks
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Camber
        • Caster
        • Toe-In Adjustment
        • Toe-Out On Turns
        • Steering Axis Inclination
  • Traction Control Disable Procedures
    • Traction Control Disable
  • Trouble Shooting - Manual Transmission - General Information
    • * Please Read This First *
    • Introduction
• Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
  • A/C Compressor
    • HVAC Systems - Compressor Servicing
      • Ford FS-10 10-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch & Clutch Field Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Ford SC115 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • General Motors DELPHI-Thermal (HARRISON) CVC- 6/CVC-7, Hd6/Ht6/HU6, Hd6/Hr-6HE 6, V5 & V7.
        • Compressor Clutch Plate & Hub Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Control Valve (Variable Displacement Compressors Only)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Clutch Rotor/Bearing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • High Pressure Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Identifying Compressor Components
        • Shaft Seal
      • MITSUBISHI ASTT
      • MITSUBISHI Scroll
      • NIPPONDENSO 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • NIPPONDENSO 10S15/10S17/10S20
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • NIPPONDENSO 10PA17 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Removal (Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (Grand Cherokee)
        • Shaft Seal
      • SANDEN Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal & Installation (General Motors)
      • SANDEN SD-7H15 7-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal (All Models)
          • Installation (Cherokee)
          • Installation (Dakota, Durango & Ram Pickup)
      • SANDEN TRS-90 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • SANDEN TRS-105 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • ZEXEL (SATURN - Variable Displacement Type)
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal ("S" Series)
          • Installation ("S" Series)
          • Removal ("L" Series)
          • Installation ("L" Series)
          • Removal (VUE)
          • Installation (VUE)
        • Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • General Servicing
    • Cabin Air Filter
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Cabin Air Filter
          • Removal & Installation
    • HVAC Control System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Climate Control System
          • Notes
          • Operation
            • Notes
            • Heat Transfer
            • Latent Heat of Vaporization
            • Relative Humidity
            • Effects of Pressure on Boiling or Condensation
            • Compressor Anti-Slugging Strategy
            • The Refrigerant Cycle
            • Clutch Cycling Orifice Tube Type Refrigerant System
          • System Airflow Description
            • Max A/C
            • Panel
            • Off
            • Panel/Floor
            • Floor
            • Floor/Defrost
            • Defrost
            • A/C Electrical Components
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Climate Control System
          • Special Tool(s)
            • Notes
            • Vacuum Schematic-Manual A/C
            • Vacuum Connector End View - Manual A/C
            • Vacuum Application Chart
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Instrument Cluster Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • FEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • REM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Front Electronic Module (Fem)-Unable To Carry Out The Front Electronic Module (Fem) Self-Test
            • Pinpoint Test B: No Communication With The Rear Electronic Module (Rem)-Unable To Carry Out The Rear Electronic Module (Rem) Self-Test
            • Pinpoint Test C: No Communication With The Hybrid Electronic Instrument Cluster (HEC) - Unable To Carry Out The Hybrid Electronic Instrument Cluster (HEC) Self-Test
            • Pinpoint Test D: Incorrect/Erratic Direction Of Airflow From Outlet
            • Pinpoint Test E: Insufficient, Erratic Or No Heat
            • Pinpoint Test F: The A/C Does Not Operate Or Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test G: The A/C Is Always On
            • Pinpoint Test H: No Operation In All Temperature Settings
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Blower Motor Does Not Operate/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Blower Motor Operates Continuously In High Speed
            • Pinpoint Test K: No Operation In High Blower Setting
            • Pinpoint Test L: No Operation In Lower Speeds
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Auxiliary Blower Motor Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Auxiliary Blower Motor Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Panel/Floor Controls Do Not Operate Using The Front/Rear Auxiliary Climate Controls
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Temperature Controls Do Not Operate Using The Front/Rear Auxiliary Climate Controls
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The Panel/Floor And Cool/Warm Controls Do Not Operate Using The Front/Rear Auxiliary Controls
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Panel/Floor And Cool/Warm Controls Do Not Operate/Do Not Operate Correctly When Using The Rear Auxiliary Controls
          • Component Tests
            • Front and Auxiliary Blower Motor Resistor
            • Auxiliary Blower Motor Switch
          • Heater Core
          • Heater Core-Plugged
          • Heater Core-Pressure Test
          • Heater Core-Bench Test
          • A/C Evaporator/Condenser Core-On-Vehicle Leak Test
          • A/C Compressor-External Leak Test
      • General Procedures
        • Heater Hose Coupling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disconnect
            • Notes
            • Connect
        • Air Conditioning Line (Peanut) Fitting
          • Disconnect
            • Notes
            • Connect
        • Spring Lock Coupling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disconnect
            • Notes
            • Cleaning
            • Connect
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Check - Retail Procedure
          • Notes
          • Visual inspection
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Clutch Air Gap Adjustment
        • Refrigerant System Tests
          • Special Tool(s)
            • Notes
            • Procedure 1 - Ambient Temperature At or Below 38°C (100°F)
            • Procedure 2 - Ambient Temperature Above 38°C (100°F)
          • Diagnostic Table
        • Manifold Gauge Set Connection
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Electronic Leak Detection
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Fluorescent Dye Leak Detection
          • Special Tool(s)
            • Notes
            • Fluorescent Dye Detection
            • Fluorescent Dye Injection - Using an A/C Refrigerant Center and Dye Injector
            • Fluorescent Dye Injection - Using a Dye Injector Loop Kit
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Flushing
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Recovery, Evacuation and Charging
          • Special Tool(s)
            • Notes
            • Refrigerant System Recovery
            • Refrigerant System Evacuation
            • Refrigerant System Charging
        • Refrigerant System Filtering Following Air Conditioning (A/C) Component Installation
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Refrigerant Oil Adding
        • Inspection and Assembly Requirements - Following an A/C Compressor Failure
        • Refrigerant Identification Testing
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Contaminated Refrigerant Handling
        • Vacuum Hose Repair - Mini-Tube
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Odor Treatment
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
            • Notes
            • A/C Odor Treatment
    • HVAC Systems - Compressor Servicing
      • Ford FS-10 10-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch & Clutch Field Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Ford SC115 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • General Motors DELPHI-Thermal (HARRISON) CVC- 6/CVC-7, Hd6/Ht6/HU6, Hd6/Hr-6HE 6, V5 & V7.
        • Compressor Clutch Plate & Hub Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Control Valve (Variable Displacement Compressors Only)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Clutch Rotor/Bearing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • High Pressure Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Identifying Compressor Components
        • Shaft Seal
      • MITSUBISHI ASTT
      • MITSUBISHI Scroll
      • NIPPONDENSO 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • NIPPONDENSO 10S15/10S17/10S20
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • NIPPONDENSO 10PA17 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Removal (Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (Grand Cherokee)
        • Shaft Seal
      • SANDEN Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal & Installation (General Motors)
      • SANDEN SD-7H15 7-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal (All Models)
          • Installation (Cherokee)
          • Installation (Dakota, Durango & Ram Pickup)
      • SANDEN TRS-90 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • SANDEN TRS-105 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • ZEXEL (SATURN - Variable Displacement Type)
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal ("S" Series)
          • Installation ("S" Series)
          • Removal ("L" Series)
          • Installation ("L" Series)
          • Removal (VUE)
          • Installation (VUE)
        • Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • HVAC Systems - General Servicing
      • USING R-134a REFRIGERANT
        • Handling/Safety Precautions
        • IDENTIFYING R-134a SYSTEMS & COMPONENTS
          • Notes
          • Fittings & "O" Rings
          • Underhood A/C Specification Labels
        • Refrigerant Oils
      • System Service Valves
        • SCHRADER-Type Valves
        • Special Valve Connectors
        • R-134a SERVICE VALVES/PORTS
        • Service Valve Locations
      • Service Equipment
      • Manifold Gauge Set
        • Notes
        • Connecting Gauge Set
          • Notes
          • Schrader-Type Valves
        • Stabilizing A/C System
      • Pressure-Temperature Relationship
      • Pressure Gauge Readings
      • Recovery/Evacuation & Recharging
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Service Equipment
          • Manifold Gauge Set Connections
          • Refrigerant Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuate
          • Refrigerant System Charge
        • Ford Motor Co.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation
          • Refrigerant System Charging
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Filtering Procedures (Ford)
        • A/C System Filtering (Focus)
        • A/C System Filtering (Villager)
        • A/C System Filtering (Except Focus & Villager)
      • Flushing Procedures
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Leak Testing
        • Notes
        • Types Of Leak Detectors
          • Bubble Solution Detector
          • Dye Solution
          • Fluorescent Leak Detection
          • Electronic Leak Detector
        • Preparation For Leak Testing
        • Bubble Detector Leak Testing Procedure
        • Electronic Leak Testing Procedure
        • Dye Solution Leak Testing Procedures
        • Fluorescent Dye Leak Testing Procedures
  • HVAC Control Systems
    • Air Conditioning System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Air Conditioning
          • Notes
          • Refrigeration System Components
          • A/C Compressor and Clutch Assembly
          • A/C Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • A/C Condenser Core
          • Refrigerant Lines
          • A/C Evaporator Core
          • A/C Evaporator Core Orifice
          • Suction Accumulator/Drier
          • A/C Cycling Switch
          • A/C Pressure Transducer
          • Spring Lock Coupling
          • Gauge Port Valves
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Air Conditioning
      • Removal And Installation
        • Compressor
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Clutch and Clutch Field Coil
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Evaporator Core
          • Removal and Installation
        • Evaporator Core Orifice
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Suction Accumulator
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • A/C Cycling Switch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Pressure Transducer
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Condenser Core
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Manifold And Tube Assembly
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Line - Condenser to Evaporator
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Line - Condenser to Evaporator Auxiliary A/C
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Auxiliary HVAC Control System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Air Conditioning - Auxiliary
          • Notes
          • Air Distribution
          • System Airflow
          • Blower Motor
          • Control Assembly
          • Heater Core
          • A/C Evaporator Core
          • Thermostatic Expansion Valve
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Air Conditioning
      • Removal And Installation
        • Air Conditioning and Heater Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Resistor - Relays
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Auxiliary Blower Motor Speed Control Relay
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Blower Motor
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Evaporator Core
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Control Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Heater Core
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve - Thermal Expansion Valve
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Actuator-Blend Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Actuator-Diverter
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Heating & Ventilation System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Heating/Defrosting
        • Heater Core
        • Blower Motor
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Heating/Defrosting
      • Removal And Installation
        • Heater Hose - Outlet
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Heater Hose
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Blower Motor - Plenum
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Evaporator Core Housing
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Heater Core
          • Removal and Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Evaporator Core Housing
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • HVAC Control System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Climate Control System
          • Notes
          • Operation
            • Notes
            • Heat Transfer
            • Latent Heat of Vaporization
            • Relative Humidity
            • Effects of Pressure on Boiling or Condensation
            • Compressor Anti-Slugging Strategy
            • The Refrigerant Cycle
            • Clutch Cycling Orifice Tube Type Refrigerant System
          • System Airflow Description
            • Max A/C
            • Panel
            • Off
            • Panel/Floor
            • Floor
            • Floor/Defrost
            • Defrost
            • A/C Electrical Components
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Climate Control System
          • Special Tool(s)
            • Notes
            • Vacuum Schematic-Manual A/C
            • Vacuum Connector End View - Manual A/C
            • Vacuum Application Chart
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Instrument Cluster Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • FEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • REM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Front Electronic Module (Fem)-Unable To Carry Out The Front Electronic Module (Fem) Self-Test
            • Pinpoint Test B: No Communication With The Rear Electronic Module (Rem)-Unable To Carry Out The Rear Electronic Module (Rem) Self-Test
            • Pinpoint Test C: No Communication With The Hybrid Electronic Instrument Cluster (HEC) - Unable To Carry Out The Hybrid Electronic Instrument Cluster (HEC) Self-Test
            • Pinpoint Test D: Incorrect/Erratic Direction Of Airflow From Outlet
            • Pinpoint Test E: Insufficient, Erratic Or No Heat
            • Pinpoint Test F: The A/C Does Not Operate Or Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test G: The A/C Is Always On
            • Pinpoint Test H: No Operation In All Temperature Settings
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Blower Motor Does Not Operate/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Blower Motor Operates Continuously In High Speed
            • Pinpoint Test K: No Operation In High Blower Setting
            • Pinpoint Test L: No Operation In Lower Speeds
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Auxiliary Blower Motor Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Auxiliary Blower Motor Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Panel/Floor Controls Do Not Operate Using The Front/Rear Auxiliary Climate Controls
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Temperature Controls Do Not Operate Using The Front/Rear Auxiliary Climate Controls
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The Panel/Floor And Cool/Warm Controls Do Not Operate Using The Front/Rear Auxiliary Controls
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Panel/Floor And Cool/Warm Controls Do Not Operate/Do Not Operate Correctly When Using The Rear Auxiliary Controls
          • Component Tests
            • Front and Auxiliary Blower Motor Resistor
            • Auxiliary Blower Motor Switch
          • Heater Core
          • Heater Core-Plugged
          • Heater Core-Pressure Test
          • Heater Core-Bench Test
          • A/C Evaporator/Condenser Core-On-Vehicle Leak Test
          • A/C Compressor-External Leak Test
      • General Procedures
        • Heater Hose Coupling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disconnect
            • Notes
            • Connect
        • Air Conditioning Line (Peanut) Fitting
          • Disconnect
            • Notes
            • Connect
        • Spring Lock Coupling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disconnect
            • Notes
            • Cleaning
            • Connect
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Check - Retail Procedure
          • Notes
          • Visual inspection
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Clutch Air Gap Adjustment
        • Refrigerant System Tests
          • Special Tool(s)
            • Notes
            • Procedure 1 - Ambient Temperature At or Below 38°C (100°F)
            • Procedure 2 - Ambient Temperature Above 38°C (100°F)
          • Diagnostic Table
        • Manifold Gauge Set Connection
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Electronic Leak Detection
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Fluorescent Dye Leak Detection
          • Special Tool(s)
            • Notes
            • Fluorescent Dye Detection
            • Fluorescent Dye Injection - Using an A/C Refrigerant Center and Dye Injector
            • Fluorescent Dye Injection - Using a Dye Injector Loop Kit
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Flushing
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Recovery, Evacuation and Charging
          • Special Tool(s)
            • Notes
            • Refrigerant System Recovery
            • Refrigerant System Evacuation
            • Refrigerant System Charging
        • Refrigerant System Filtering Following Air Conditioning (A/C) Component Installation
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Refrigerant Oil Adding
        • Inspection and Assembly Requirements - Following an A/C Compressor Failure
        • Refrigerant Identification Testing
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Contaminated Refrigerant Handling
        • Vacuum Hose Repair - Mini-Tube
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Odor Treatment
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
            • Notes
            • A/C Odor Treatment
    • HVAC System - Air Distribution System & Filtering System
      • Description And Operation
        • Air Distribution And Filtering
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Air Distribution And Filtering
      • Removal And Installation
        • Filter
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Register-Center
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Register-Instrument Cluster Trim Panel
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Register-RH
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Register-LH Demister
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Duct-Defroster
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Duct-Floor
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Duct-Rear Seat
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Duct-LH Register
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Duct-Center and RH Register
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • HVAC System - Control Components
      • Description And Operation
        • Control Components
          • Manual A/C
          • Component Location
          • Control System Inputs
            • Climate Control Assembly
          • Control System Outputs
            • Blower Motor Switch Resistor
          • A/C Electric Blend Door Actuator
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Control Components
      • Removal And Installation
        • Control Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Switch - A/C Selector
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Switch - Blower Motor
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Actuator
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Resistor
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Panel/Floor Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Panel/Defrost Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Air Inlet Door
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Vacuum Reservoir Tank
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • HVAC Systems - Compressor Servicing
      • Ford FS-10 10-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch & Clutch Field Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Ford SC115 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • General Motors DELPHI-Thermal (HARRISON) CVC- 6/CVC-7, Hd6/Ht6/HU6, Hd6/Hr-6HE 6, V5 & V7.
        • Compressor Clutch Plate & Hub Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Control Valve (Variable Displacement Compressors Only)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Clutch Rotor/Bearing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • High Pressure Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Identifying Compressor Components
        • Shaft Seal
      • MITSUBISHI ASTT
      • MITSUBISHI Scroll
      • NIPPONDENSO 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • NIPPONDENSO 10S15/10S17/10S20
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • NIPPONDENSO 10PA17 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Removal (Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (Grand Cherokee)
        • Shaft Seal
      • SANDEN Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal & Installation (General Motors)
      • SANDEN SD-7H15 7-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal (All Models)
          • Installation (Cherokee)
          • Installation (Dakota, Durango & Ram Pickup)
      • SANDEN TRS-90 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • SANDEN TRS-105 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • ZEXEL (SATURN - Variable Displacement Type)
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal ("S" Series)
          • Installation ("S" Series)
          • Removal ("L" Series)
          • Installation ("L" Series)
          • Removal (VUE)
          • Installation (VUE)
        • Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • HVAC Systems - General Servicing
      • USING R-134a REFRIGERANT
        • Handling/Safety Precautions
        • IDENTIFYING R-134a SYSTEMS & COMPONENTS
          • Notes
          • Fittings & "O" Rings
          • Underhood A/C Specification Labels
        • Refrigerant Oils
      • System Service Valves
        • SCHRADER-Type Valves
        • Special Valve Connectors
        • R-134a SERVICE VALVES/PORTS
        • Service Valve Locations
      • Service Equipment
      • Manifold Gauge Set
        • Notes
        • Connecting Gauge Set
          • Notes
          • Schrader-Type Valves
        • Stabilizing A/C System
      • Pressure-Temperature Relationship
      • Pressure Gauge Readings
      • Recovery/Evacuation & Recharging
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Service Equipment
          • Manifold Gauge Set Connections
          • Refrigerant Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuate
          • Refrigerant System Charge
        • Ford Motor Co.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation
          • Refrigerant System Charging
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Filtering Procedures (Ford)
        • A/C System Filtering (Focus)
        • A/C System Filtering (Villager)
        • A/C System Filtering (Except Focus & Villager)
      • Flushing Procedures
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Leak Testing
        • Notes
        • Types Of Leak Detectors
          • Bubble Solution Detector
          • Dye Solution
          • Fluorescent Leak Detection
          • Electronic Leak Detector
        • Preparation For Leak Testing
        • Bubble Detector Leak Testing Procedure
        • Electronic Leak Testing Procedure
        • Dye Solution Leak Testing Procedures
        • Fluorescent Dye Leak Testing Procedures
• Maintenance
  • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
    • A/C Filter Service Reminder
      • Notes
      • A/C Filter Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder
      • Notes
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Oil Life Reset - Base Instrument Cluster
        • Oil Life Reset - Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
        • Non-Hybrid
        • Hybrid
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
        • Owner's Manual 1
        • Owner's Manual 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 11
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 12
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 13
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 14
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 15
        • Base Message Center
        • Uplevel Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 16
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 17
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 18
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 19
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 20
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 21
        • Notes
        • Without Message Center
        • With Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 22
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 23
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 24
        • Path 1
        • Path 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 25
        • Base Cluster
        • High Series Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 26
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 2.3 Inch Screen/4.2 Inch Screen
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 8 Inch Screen
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 27
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 28
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Overhead Warning Lights)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Sri)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (VMM)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Tire Pressure Monitor System Reminder
      • Notes
      • Tire Pressure Sensor Types
        • Notes
        • Banded Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Bolt-On Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Snap-In Sensor
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
        • Notes
        • Vehicles With Message Center
        • Vehicles Without Message Center
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
        • Notes
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Single Rear Wheel
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Dual Rear Wheel
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
        • Overview
        • Carrying Out the System Reset Procedure
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 2.3" information display, scroll to:
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 4.2" information display, scroll to:
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
• Restraints
  • Air Bag, SRS
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Back-Up Power Supply
        • CLOCKSPRING
        • Dual-Stage Driver-Side Air Bag Module
        • Dual-Stage Passenger-Side Air Bag Module
        • Front Impact Crash Sensor
        • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS)
        • Restraints Control Module (RCM)
        • Seat Belt PRETENSIONERS
        • Seat Belt Switches
        • Seat Track Position Sensor
        • Side Air Bag Crash Sensors
        • Side Air Bag Modules
      • Component Locations
      • System Operation Check
      • Air Bag Safety Precautions
      • Adjustments
        • CLOCKSPRING Centering
      • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
        • Notes
        • Disabling System
          • Notes
          • Component Replacement Disabling Procedure
          • Diagnostics Disabling Procedure (Seats Removed)
          • General Disabling Procedure (Seats Installed)
        • Activating System
          • Component Replacement Activating Procedure (Seats Installed)
          • Diagnostics Activating Procedure (Seats Removed)
          • General Activating Procedure (Seats Installed)
        • Air Bag Simulator (Seats Installed)
      • Disposal Procedures
        • Notes
        • Deployed Air Bag Or PRETENSIONER (Seats Installed)
        • UNDEPLOYED Air Bag Or PRETENSIONER-Faulty Unit (Seats Installed)
        • Scrapped Vehicle (Seats Installed)
          • Notes
          • Remote Deployment Of AIR Bag (Seats Installed)
          • Remote Deployment Of Seat Belt Pretensioners (Seats Installed)
      • Post-Collision Inspection
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • CLOCKSPRING
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Dual-Stage Driver-Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Dual-Stage Passenger-Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Impact Crash Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Seats
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Left Front Seat)
          • Removal & Installation (Right Front Seat)
        • Instrument Cluster (Right Front Seat)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS) System
          • Notes
          • Removal (Power Seat)
          • Installation
          • Removal (Manual Seat)
        • Restraints Control Module (RCM)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Seat Belt PRETENSIONERS
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Track Position Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Side Air Bag Crash Sensors
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Wheel
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Diagnostics
        • Notes
        • Self-Diagnostics
        • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Using Scan Tool
        • Retrieving Fault Codes
        • Clearing Fault Codes
        • On-Demand Self-Test
        • Bit-Mapped Diagnostic Trouble Codes
        • Active Commands
          • Instrument Cluster Module
          • Restraint Control Module (Rcm)
          • Lamp Fault Codes (Lfc)
          • Diagnostic Test Codes (Dtcs)
        • PID/Data Monitor & Record
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Test A: Air Bag Warning Light On Continuously-RCM Disconnected Or Inoperative, Loss Of Battery Feed Or Loss Of Battery Ground
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test B: Air Bag Warning Light Circuit Open Or Short To Ground (DTC B1869)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test C: Air Bag Warning Light Circuit Short To Battery (DTC B1870)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test D: Air Bag Tone Warning Indicator Circuit Short To Battery (DTC B1891)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test E: Air Bag Tone Warning Indicator Circuit Short To Ground Or Open (DTC B1892)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test F: Air Bag Diagnostic Monitor Ground Circuit Open (DTC B1921)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test G: Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS) Circuit Fault (DTC B2290)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test H: Restraint System-Seat Belt PRETENSIONER Status (DTC B2292)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test I: Restraint System-Air Bag Status (DTC B2293)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test J: Restraint System-Side Air Bag Status (DTC 2295)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test K: Restraint System-Impact Sensor Status (DTC B2296)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test L: Left Seat Belt Buckle Circuit Open (DTC B2432)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test M: Left Seat Belt Buckle Circuit Short To Battery (DTC B2433)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test N: Left Seat Belt Buckle Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B2434)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test O: Left Seat Belt Buckle Circuit Resistance Out Of Range (DTC B2435)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test P: Right Seat Belt Buckle Circuit Open (DTC B2436)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Q: Right Seat Belt Buckle Circuit Short To Battery (DTC B2437)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test R: Right Seat Belt Buckle Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B2438)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test S: Right Seat Belt Buckle Circuit Resistance Out Of Range (DTC B2439)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test T: Incorrect Vehicle Identification (DTC C1414)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test U: Seat Track Position Sensor Circuit Open (DTC C1946)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test V: Seat Track Position Sensor Circuit Short To Ground (DTC C1947)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test W: Seat Track Position Sensor Circuit Resistance Out Of Range (DTC C1948)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test X: Seat Track Position Sensor Circuit Short To Battery (DTC C1982)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Y: No Communication With RCM
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
      • Wire Repair
        • Notes
        • Repair Procedure
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System -- Air Bag/SRS Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • Ford Motor Co. (1988-04)
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System Deactivation Procedures
      • Special Care During Mechanical Repairs
      • CHRYSLER
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Caravan, Concord, Intrepid, Neon, Prowler, PT Cruiser, Sebring Convertible, Sebring Sedan, Stratus Sedan, Town & Country, Viper, Voyager & 300M
          • Dakota, Durango, Ram Pickup, Ram Van & Ram Wagon
          • Sebring Coupe & Stratus Coupe
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
      • Ford Motor Co.
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Blackwood)
          • Activating System (Blackwood)
          • Disabling System (Continental)
          • Activating System (Continental)
          • Disabling System (Cougar)
          • Activating System (Cougar)
          • Disabling System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Activating System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Disabling System (Econoline)
          • Activating System (Econoline)
          • Disabling System (Escape)
          • Activating System (Escape)
          • Disabling System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Activating System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Disabling System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Activating System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Disabling System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Activating System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Disabling System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Activating System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Disabling System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Activating System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Disabling System (Focus)
          • Activating System (Focus)
          • Disabling System (F150)
          • Activating System (F150)
          • Disabling System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Activating System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Disabling System (Mustang)
          • Activating System (Mustang)
          • Disabling System (Ranger)
          • Activating System (Ranger)
          • Disabling System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Activating System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Disabling System (Town Car)
          • Activating System (Town Car)
          • Disabling System (Villager)
          • Activating System (Villager)
          • Disabling System (Windstar)
          • Activating System (Windstar)
        • Air Bag Simulator
        • Driver Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Blackwood, Econoline, Excursion, Expedition, Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac, F150, F250/350 Super Duty, Mountaineer & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Continental, Cougar, Escort, Focus, LS, Mustang, Ranger, Thunderbird, Town Car & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Removal & Installation (Escort & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac & Ranger)
          • Removal & Installation (Sable & Taurus)
          • Removal & Installation (Town Car)
        • Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
        • Torque Specifications
      • General Motors
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Prizm
          • Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
          • All Models Except Prizm & Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Activating System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Disabling System (Astro & Safari)
          • Activating System (Astro & Safari)
          • Disabling System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Activating System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Disabling System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Activating System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Disabling System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Activating System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Disabling System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Activating System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Disabling System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Activating System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Disabling System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Activating System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Disabling System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Activating System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Disabling System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Activating System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Disabling System (Corvette)
          • Activating System (Corvette)
          • Disabling System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Activating System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Disabling System (Eldorado)
          • Activating System (Eldorado)
          • Disabling System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Activating System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Disabling System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Activating System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Disabling System (Prizm)
          • Activating System (Prizm)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn Vue)
          • Activating System (Saturn Vue)
          • Disabling System (Tracker)
          • Activating System (Tracker)
      • Jeep
        • System Operation Check
          • Grand Cherokee, Liberty & Wrangler
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
  • Restraints Control Systems
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System -- Air Bag/SRS Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • Ford Motor Co. (1988-04)
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System Deactivation Procedures
      • Special Care During Mechanical Repairs
      • CHRYSLER
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Caravan, Concord, Intrepid, Neon, Prowler, PT Cruiser, Sebring Convertible, Sebring Sedan, Stratus Sedan, Town & Country, Viper, Voyager & 300M
          • Dakota, Durango, Ram Pickup, Ram Van & Ram Wagon
          • Sebring Coupe & Stratus Coupe
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
      • Ford Motor Co.
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Blackwood)
          • Activating System (Blackwood)
          • Disabling System (Continental)
          • Activating System (Continental)
          • Disabling System (Cougar)
          • Activating System (Cougar)
          • Disabling System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Activating System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Disabling System (Econoline)
          • Activating System (Econoline)
          • Disabling System (Escape)
          • Activating System (Escape)
          • Disabling System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Activating System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Disabling System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Activating System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Disabling System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Activating System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Disabling System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Activating System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Disabling System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Activating System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Disabling System (Focus)
          • Activating System (Focus)
          • Disabling System (F150)
          • Activating System (F150)
          • Disabling System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Activating System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Disabling System (Mustang)
          • Activating System (Mustang)
          • Disabling System (Ranger)
          • Activating System (Ranger)
          • Disabling System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Activating System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Disabling System (Town Car)
          • Activating System (Town Car)
          • Disabling System (Villager)
          • Activating System (Villager)
          • Disabling System (Windstar)
          • Activating System (Windstar)
        • Air Bag Simulator
        • Driver Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Blackwood, Econoline, Excursion, Expedition, Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac, F150, F250/350 Super Duty, Mountaineer & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Continental, Cougar, Escort, Focus, LS, Mustang, Ranger, Thunderbird, Town Car & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Removal & Installation (Escort & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac & Ranger)
          • Removal & Installation (Sable & Taurus)
          • Removal & Installation (Town Car)
        • Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
        • Torque Specifications
      • General Motors
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Prizm
          • Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
          • All Models Except Prizm & Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Activating System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Disabling System (Astro & Safari)
          • Activating System (Astro & Safari)
          • Disabling System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Activating System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Disabling System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Activating System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Disabling System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Activating System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Disabling System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Activating System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Disabling System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Activating System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Disabling System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Activating System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Disabling System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Activating System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Disabling System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Activating System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Disabling System (Corvette)
          • Activating System (Corvette)
          • Disabling System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Activating System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Disabling System (Eldorado)
          • Activating System (Eldorado)
          • Disabling System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Activating System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Disabling System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Activating System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Disabling System (Prizm)
          • Activating System (Prizm)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn Vue)
          • Activating System (Saturn Vue)
          • Disabling System (Tracker)
          • Activating System (Tracker)
      • Jeep
        • System Operation Check
          • Grand Cherokee, Liberty & Wrangler
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
  • Seat Belts
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System -- Air Bag/SRS Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • Ford Motor Co. (1988-04)
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System Deactivation Procedures
      • Special Care During Mechanical Repairs
      • CHRYSLER
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Caravan, Concord, Intrepid, Neon, Prowler, PT Cruiser, Sebring Convertible, Sebring Sedan, Stratus Sedan, Town & Country, Viper, Voyager & 300M
          • Dakota, Durango, Ram Pickup, Ram Van & Ram Wagon
          • Sebring Coupe & Stratus Coupe
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
      • Ford Motor Co.
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Blackwood)
          • Activating System (Blackwood)
          • Disabling System (Continental)
          • Activating System (Continental)
          • Disabling System (Cougar)
          • Activating System (Cougar)
          • Disabling System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Activating System (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Disabling System (Econoline)
          • Activating System (Econoline)
          • Disabling System (Escape)
          • Activating System (Escape)
          • Disabling System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Activating System (Escort & ZX2)
          • Disabling System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Activating System (Excursion & F250/350 Super Duty)
          • Disabling System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Activating System (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Disabling System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Activating System (Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Disabling System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Activating System (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
          • Disabling System (Focus)
          • Activating System (Focus)
          • Disabling System (F150)
          • Activating System (F150)
          • Disabling System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Activating System (LS & Thunderbird)
          • Disabling System (Mustang)
          • Activating System (Mustang)
          • Disabling System (Ranger)
          • Activating System (Ranger)
          • Disabling System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Activating System (Sable & Taurus)
          • Disabling System (Town Car)
          • Activating System (Town Car)
          • Disabling System (Villager)
          • Activating System (Villager)
          • Disabling System (Windstar)
          • Activating System (Windstar)
        • Air Bag Simulator
        • Driver Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Blackwood, Econoline, Excursion, Expedition, Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac, F150, F250/350 Super Duty, Mountaineer & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Continental, Cougar, Escort, Focus, LS, Mustang, Ranger, Thunderbird, Town Car & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
          • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis)
          • Removal & Installation (Escort & ZX2)
          • Removal & Installation (Expedition & Navigator)
          • Removal & Installation (Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport Trac & Ranger)
          • Removal & Installation (Sable & Taurus)
          • Removal & Installation (Town Car)
        • Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Cougar)
        • Torque Specifications
      • General Motors
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Prizm
          • Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
          • All Models Except Prizm & Pickups With Passenger Air Bag
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Activating System (Alero, Grand Am & Malibu)
          • Disabling System (Astro & Safari)
          • Activating System (Astro & Safari)
          • Disabling System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Activating System (Aurora, Bonneville, LeSabre & Park Avenue)
          • Disabling System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Activating System (Avalanche, Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Sierra, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, TrailBlazer, TrailBlazer XL, Yukon & Yukon XL)
          • Disabling System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Activating System (Aztek & Rendezvous)
          • Disabling System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Activating System (Blazer, Jimmy Canadian, Sonoma & S10 Pickup)
          • Disabling System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Activating System (Camaro & Firebird)
          • Disabling System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Activating System (Cavalier & Sunfire)
          • Disabling System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Activating System (Century, Grand Prix, Intrigue & Regal)
          • Disabling System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Activating System (Chevy Express & Savana)
          • Disabling System (Corvette)
          • Activating System (Corvette)
          • Disabling System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Activating System (DeVille & Seville)
          • Disabling System (Eldorado)
          • Activating System (Eldorado)
          • Disabling System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Activating System (Impala & Monte Carlo)
          • Disabling System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Activating System (Montana, Silhouette & Venture)
          • Disabling System (Prizm)
          • Activating System (Prizm)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, L Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Activating System (Saturn, S Series)
          • Disabling System (Saturn Vue)
          • Activating System (Saturn Vue)
          • Disabling System (Tracker)
          • Activating System (Tracker)
      • Jeep
        • System Operation Check
          • Grand Cherokee, Liberty & Wrangler
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
• Steering
  • Manual Steering
    • Power Steering System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Power Steering
          • Steering System Components - 3.8L Engine (CIII Power Steering Pump)
          • Steering Gear Mounting
          • Steering Gear (Typical)
          • Power Steering Pump (CIII) - 3.8L Engine
          • Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch
          • Power Steering Gear Identification
          • Power Steering Pump Identification
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Power Steering
      • Removal And Installation
        • Reservoir - CIII Pump
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Pump - CIII
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Pulley - CIII Pump
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Hose
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cooler - Fluid
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Gear
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Inner Tie Rod
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Gear
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Steering System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Steering System Components - 3.8 L Engine (CIII Power Steering Pump)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Steering System Symptom Definitions
            • Drift/Pull
            • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Feedback
            • Hard Steering or Lack of Assist
            • Nibble
            • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
            • Shimmy
            • Wander
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Steering System Noise
            • Pinpoint Test B: Steering Is Very Difficult/Very Easy
            • Pinpoint Test C: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Pinpoint Test D: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
          • Component Tests
            • Steering Linkage
            • Turning Effort Test
            • Pump Flow and Pressure Test
            • Tie-Rod Articulation Torque
            • Steering Gear Valve
            • Steering Gear Insulator
            • Steering Gear Bushing/Preload
      • General Procedures
        • Power Steering System Flushing
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Purging
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Filling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
  • Power Steering
    • Power Steering System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Power Steering
          • Steering System Components - 3.8L Engine (CIII Power Steering Pump)
          • Steering Gear Mounting
          • Steering Gear (Typical)
          • Power Steering Pump (CIII) - 3.8L Engine
          • Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch
          • Power Steering Gear Identification
          • Power Steering Pump Identification
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Power Steering
      • Removal And Installation
        • Reservoir - CIII Pump
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Pump - CIII
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Pulley - CIII Pump
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Hose
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cooler - Fluid
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Gear
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Inner Tie Rod
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Gear
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Steering System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Steering System Components - 3.8 L Engine (CIII Power Steering Pump)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Steering System Symptom Definitions
            • Drift/Pull
            • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Feedback
            • Hard Steering or Lack of Assist
            • Nibble
            • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
            • Shimmy
            • Wander
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Steering System Noise
            • Pinpoint Test B: Steering Is Very Difficult/Very Easy
            • Pinpoint Test C: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Pinpoint Test D: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
          • Component Tests
            • Steering Linkage
            • Turning Effort Test
            • Pump Flow and Pressure Test
            • Tie-Rod Articulation Torque
            • Steering Gear Valve
            • Steering Gear Insulator
            • Steering Gear Bushing/Preload
      • General Procedures
        • Power Steering System Flushing
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Purging
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Filling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
  • Steering Column
    • Steering Column
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering Column
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering Column
      • Removal And Installation
        • Ignition Switch Lock Cylinder - Functional
          • Removal and Installation
        • Ignition Switch Lock Cylinder - Non-Functional
          • Removal and Installation
        • Wheel
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Clockspring
        • Column
          • Removal and Installation
        • Steering Column Shaft - Intermediate
          • Removal and Installation
        • Coupling
          • Removal and Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Steering Column
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Steering System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Steering System Components - 3.8 L Engine (CIII Power Steering Pump)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Steering System Symptom Definitions
            • Drift/Pull
            • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Feedback
            • Hard Steering or Lack of Assist
            • Nibble
            • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
            • Shimmy
            • Wander
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Steering System Noise
            • Pinpoint Test B: Steering Is Very Difficult/Very Easy
            • Pinpoint Test C: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Pinpoint Test D: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
          • Component Tests
            • Steering Linkage
            • Turning Effort Test
            • Pump Flow and Pressure Test
            • Tie-Rod Articulation Torque
            • Steering Gear Valve
            • Steering Gear Insulator
            • Steering Gear Bushing/Preload
      • General Procedures
        • Power Steering System Flushing
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Purging
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Filling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
  • Steering Control Systems
    • Power Steering System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Power Steering
          • Steering System Components - 3.8L Engine (CIII Power Steering Pump)
          • Steering Gear Mounting
          • Steering Gear (Typical)
          • Power Steering Pump (CIII) - 3.8L Engine
          • Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch
          • Power Steering Gear Identification
          • Power Steering Pump Identification
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Power Steering
      • Removal And Installation
        • Reservoir - CIII Pump
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Pump - CIII
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Pulley - CIII Pump
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Hose
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cooler - Fluid
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Gear
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Inner Tie Rod
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Gear
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Steering System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Steering System Components - 3.8 L Engine (CIII Power Steering Pump)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Steering System Symptom Definitions
            • Drift/Pull
            • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Feedback
            • Hard Steering or Lack of Assist
            • Nibble
            • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
            • Shimmy
            • Wander
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Steering System Noise
            • Pinpoint Test B: Steering Is Very Difficult/Very Easy
            • Pinpoint Test C: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Pinpoint Test D: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
          • Component Tests
            • Steering Linkage
            • Turning Effort Test
            • Pump Flow and Pressure Test
            • Tie-Rod Articulation Torque
            • Steering Gear Valve
            • Steering Gear Insulator
            • Steering Gear Bushing/Preload
      • General Procedures
        • Power Steering System Flushing
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Purging
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Filling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
  • Steering Gear
    • Power Steering System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Power Steering
          • Steering System Components - 3.8L Engine (CIII Power Steering Pump)
          • Steering Gear Mounting
          • Steering Gear (Typical)
          • Power Steering Pump (CIII) - 3.8L Engine
          • Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch
          • Power Steering Gear Identification
          • Power Steering Pump Identification
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Power Steering
      • Removal And Installation
        • Reservoir - CIII Pump
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Pump - CIII
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Pulley - CIII Pump
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Hose
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cooler - Fluid
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Gear
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Inner Tie Rod
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Gear
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Steering System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Steering System Components - 3.8 L Engine (CIII Power Steering Pump)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Steering System Symptom Definitions
            • Drift/Pull
            • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Feedback
            • Hard Steering or Lack of Assist
            • Nibble
            • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
            • Shimmy
            • Wander
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Steering System Noise
            • Pinpoint Test B: Steering Is Very Difficult/Very Easy
            • Pinpoint Test C: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Pinpoint Test D: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
          • Component Tests
            • Steering Linkage
            • Turning Effort Test
            • Pump Flow and Pressure Test
            • Tie-Rod Articulation Torque
            • Steering Gear Valve
            • Steering Gear Insulator
            • Steering Gear Bushing/Preload
      • General Procedures
        • Power Steering System Flushing
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Purging
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Filling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
  • Steering Linkage
    • Steering System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Steering System Components - 3.8 L Engine (CIII Power Steering Pump)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Steering System Symptom Definitions
            • Drift/Pull
            • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Feedback
            • Hard Steering or Lack of Assist
            • Nibble
            • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
            • Shimmy
            • Wander
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Steering System Noise
            • Pinpoint Test B: Steering Is Very Difficult/Very Easy
            • Pinpoint Test C: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Pinpoint Test D: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
          • Component Tests
            • Steering Linkage
            • Turning Effort Test
            • Pump Flow and Pressure Test
            • Tie-Rod Articulation Torque
            • Steering Gear Valve
            • Steering Gear Insulator
            • Steering Gear Bushing/Preload
      • General Procedures
        • Power Steering System Flushing
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Purging
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Filling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
• Suspension
  • Front Suspension
    • Front Suspension
      • Description
      • Adjustments & Inspection
        • Ball Joint Checking
        • Ride Height
        • Wheel Bearings
        • Wheel Alignment
      • Removal & Installation
        • Coil Spring & Strut Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lower Control Arm
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Stabilizer Bar & Link Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Steering Knuckle, Wheel & Hub Bearings
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Torque Specifications
    • Suspension System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • Alignment Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Wheel Alignment Angles
          • Notes
          • Camber
            • Negative and Positive Camber
          • Caster
          • Toe
            • Positive Toe (Toe In)
            • Negative Toe (Toe Out)
          • Ride Height
            • Front Ride Height Measurement
            • Rear Ride Height Measurement
          • Wheel Track
          • Dogtracking
          • Wander
          • Shimmy
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Drift/Pull
          • Poor Groove Feel
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Suspension System
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
            • Ball Joint Inspection
      • General Procedures
        • Camber and Caster Adjustment
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Wheel Bearing Inspection - Front and Rear
        • Toe Adjustment
  • Rear Suspension
    • Rear Suspension
      • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Notes
        • Rear Suspension
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Wheel Bearing Inspection - Rear
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hub
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Wheel Studs
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Spindle
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shock Absorber
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Spring - Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Bushing - Trailing Arm
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Bar - Track
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Axle
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Suspension System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • Alignment Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Wheel Alignment Angles
          • Notes
          • Camber
            • Negative and Positive Camber
          • Caster
          • Toe
            • Positive Toe (Toe In)
            • Negative Toe (Toe Out)
          • Ride Height
            • Front Ride Height Measurement
            • Rear Ride Height Measurement
          • Wheel Track
          • Dogtracking
          • Wander
          • Shimmy
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Drift/Pull
          • Poor Groove Feel
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Suspension System
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
            • Ball Joint Inspection
      • General Procedures
        • Camber and Caster Adjustment
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Wheel Bearing Inspection - Front and Rear
        • Toe Adjustment
  • Wheel Alignment
    • Suspension System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • Alignment Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Wheel Alignment Angles
          • Notes
          • Camber
            • Negative and Positive Camber
          • Caster
          • Toe
            • Positive Toe (Toe In)
            • Negative Toe (Toe Out)
          • Ride Height
            • Front Ride Height Measurement
            • Rear Ride Height Measurement
          • Wheel Track
          • Dogtracking
          • Wander
          • Shimmy
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Drift/Pull
          • Poor Groove Feel
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Suspension System
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
            • Ball Joint Inspection
      • General Procedures
        • Camber and Caster Adjustment
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Wheel Bearing Inspection - Front and Rear
        • Toe Adjustment
  • Wheels & Tire System
    • Wheels & Tires
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Safety Precautions
        • Wheels And Tires
          • Notes
          • Low Tire Warning (LTW) System
          • Tire and Wheel Runout
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Wheels And Tires
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Road Test
          • Symptom Chart
            • Notes
            • Symptom Chart - Low Tire Warning (LTW) System
      • General Procedures
        • Wheel Leaks
      • Removal And Installation
        • Wheel And Tire
          • Removal
          • Installation
• Transmission
  • Automatic Trans
    • Automatic Transmission
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Transaxle Description
        • Identification Tags
        • Range Selection
          • Notes
          • Park
          • Reverse
          • Neutral
          • Overdrive
          • Manual 2 Position - 2nd Gear
          • Manual 1 Position
        • Shift Patterns
          • Upshifts
          • Downshifts
          • Coastdown
          • Torque Demand
          • Kickdown
        • Disassembled Views
        • Bearing And Thrust Washer Locator
        • Main Components And Functions
        • Torque Converter
        • GEARTRAIN
          • Notes
          • Planetary Gearset
          • Turbine Shaft
          • Output Shaft
          • Drive Chain and Sprockets
          • Final Drive Gearset
          • Differential
        • Apply Components
          • Band-Overdrive
          • Band-Coast
          • Clutches-Direct
          • Clutches-Forward
          • Clutches-Intermediate
          • Clutches-Reverse
          • Clutches-Low-Intermediate
          • One-Way Clutch-Low-Intermediate
          • One-Way Clutch--Low
          • One-Way Clutch-Direct
        • Hydraulic System
          • Filter
          • Main Control
          • Accumulators
        • Transaxle Electronic Control System
          • Electronic System Description
          • Electronic Ignition (EI) System
          • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM)
          • Digital Transmission Range (TR) Sensor
          • Transmission Control Switch (TCS)
          • Transmission Control Indicator Lamp (TCIL)
          • Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Switch
          • Turbine Shaft Speed (TSS) Sensor
          • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor
          • Shift Solenoids (SSA, SSB, SSC)
          • Transmission Fluid Temperature (TFT) Sensor
          • Electronic Pressure Control (EPC) Solenoid
          • Torque Converter Clutch (TCC) Solenoid
          • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor
          • Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor
          • Air Conditioning A/C Clutch
          • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Diagnostic Strategy
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Inspection
          • Diagnostics
        • Diagnostic Flow Chart
        • Preliminary Inspection
          • Notes
          • Know And Understand The Concern
          • Verification Of Condition
          • Determine Customer Concern
          • Check Fluid Level And Condition
          • Fluid Level Check
          • High Fluid Level
          • Low Fluid Level
          • Adding Fluid
          • Fluid Condition Check
        • Road Testing Vehicle
        • Shift Point Road Test
        • Torque Converter Diagnosis
          • Notes
          • Torque Converter Operation Test
        • Visual Inspection
          • Notes
          • Shift Linkage Check
          • Check TSBs
          • Carry Out On-Board Diagnostics (KOEO, KOER)
        • Diagnostics
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Message Center Display
          • On-Board Diagnostic With Diagnostic Tool
        • Transaxle Drive Cycle Test
          • Notes
          • After On-Board Diagnostics
          • Before Pinpoint Tests
        • Diagnostic Trouble Code Charts
          • Diagnostic Trouble Code Chart
          • Rotunda Transmission Tester
        • Transaxle Connector Layouts
        • Pinpoint Tests - Non OSC Equipped Vehicles
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Digital Transmission Range (TR) Sensor Diagnosis Chart
          • Wiggle Test Information For Open/Shorts
          • Shift Solenoid Pre-Diagnosis
          • Solenoid Operation Chart
          • Shift Solenoid Failure Mode Chart "Always Off"
          • Shift Solenoid Failure Mode Chart "Always On"
            • Notes
            • Pinpoint Test A: Shift Solenoid
            • Pinpoint Test B: Transmission Fluid Temperature (TFT) Sensor
            • Pinpoint Test C: Torque Converter Clutch (TCC) Solenoid
            • Pinpoint Test D: Digital Transmission Range (TR) Sensor
            • Pinpoint Test E: Electronic Pressure Control (EPC) Solenoid
            • Pinpoint Test F: Turbine Shaft Speed (TSS) Sensor
            • Pinpoint Test G: Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor
            • Pinpoint Test H: Solenoid Mechanical Failure
        • Special Testing Procedures
          • Notes
          • Engine Idle Speed Check
            • Notes
            • Line Pressure Test
          • Stall Speed Test
            • Notes
            • Stall Speed Diagnosis Chart
          • Air Pressure Tests
        • Leakage Inspection
          • Notes
          • Fluid Leakage in Torque Converter Area
          • Leak Check Test
          • Leak Check Test With Black Light
        • Transmission Fluid Cooler
          • Notes
          • Transmission Fluid Cooler Flow Test
        • Diagnosis By Symptom
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Diagnosis by Symptom Chart Directions
          • Diagnosis by Symptom Index
          • Diagnostic Routines
            • Engagement Concern: No Forward
            • Engagement Concern: No Reverse
            • Engagement Concern: Harsh Reverse
            • Engagement Concern: Harsh Forward
            • Engagement Concern: Delayed/Soft Reverse
            • Engagement Concern: Delayed/Soft Forward
            • Engagement Concern: No Forward And No Reverse
            • Engagement Concern: Harsh Forward And No Reverse
            • Engagement Concern: Delayed/Soft Forward And Reverse
            • Shift Concerns: Some Or All Shifts Missing
            • Shift Concerns: Timing-Early/Late
            • Shift Concerns: Timing-Erratic/Hunting
            • Shift Concerns: Feel-Soft/Slipping
            • Shift Concerns: Feel-Harsh
            • Shift Concerns: No 1st Gear, Engages In Higher Gear
            • Shift Concerns: No Manual 1st Gear
            • Shift Concerns: No 1-2 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: No 2-3 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: No 3-4 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: No 4-3 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: No 3-2 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: No 2-1 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 1-2 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 2-3 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 3-4 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 4-3 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 3-2 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: Soft/Slipping 2-1 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: Harsh 1-2 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: Harsh 2-3 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: Harsh 3-4 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: Harsh 4-3 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: Harsh 3-2 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: Harsh 2-1 Shift (Automatic)
            • Torque Converter Operation Concerns: No Apply
            • Torque Converter Operation Concern: Always Applied/Stalls Vehicle
            • Torque Converter Operation Concern: Cycling/Shudder/Chatter
            • Other Concerns: No Engine Braking In 1st Gear Manual 1st Position
            • Other Concerns: Shift Lever Efforts High
            • Other Concerns: External Leaks
            • Other Concerns: Poor Vehicle Performance
            • Other Concerns: Noise/Vibration-Forward Or Reverse
            • Other Concerns: Engine Will Not Crank
            • Other Concerns: No Park Range
            • Other Concerns: Transaxle Overheating
      • General Procedures
        • Transmission Fluid Cooler - Backflushing And Cleaning
      • In-Vehicle Repair
        • Transmission Fluid Drain And Refill
        • Main Control - Pump
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Turbine Shaft Speed (TSS) Sensor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor
          • Removal And Installation
        • Differential Fluid Seals
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Digital Transmission Range (TR) Sensor
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Transaxle Support Insulator
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Removal
        • Transaxle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
      • Disassembly
        • Transaxle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
      • Disassembly And Assembly Of Subassemblies
        • Chain Cover
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Pump Shaft
        • Main Control Valve Body
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Pump Assembly
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Driven Sprocket Support
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Driven Sprocket
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Check
        • Drive Sprocket/Turbine Shaft
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Sun and Shell Assembly-Disassembly
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Forward Clutch Cylinder
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
          • Selective Retaining Ring
        • Direct Clutch Cylinder
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Intermediate Clutch Cylinder
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Sun and Shell Assembly - Assembly
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Assembly
        • Reverse Clutch
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Planet Assembly
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Low-Intermediate Clutch Cylinder
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Low-Intermediate One-Way Clutch
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Final Drive
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Overdrive Servo
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Coast Band Servo
        • Neutral Drive Accumulator
        • Torque Converter
        • Torque Converter Cleaning And Inspection
        • Torque Converter Flushing
        • Torque Converter Leak Check
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Procedure
      • Assembly
        • Transaxle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Assembly
      • Installation
        • Transaxle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Installation
    • Automatic Transmission Cooling
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Transaxle Cooling
          • Vehicles without Trailer Towing Package
          • Vehicles with Trailer Towing Package
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Transaxle Cooling
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
      • Removal And Installation
        • Combination Fluid Cooler
          • Removal and Installation
        • Transmission Fluid Cooler Tubes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Materials
          • Removal and Installation
    • Automatic Transmission External Controls
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • External Controls
          • Transaxle Shift Control Linkage
          • Shift Interlock System
          • Transmission Control Switch (TCS)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • External Controls
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Shift Interlock System Does Not Release/Lock Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Shift Control Is Out Of Correct Gear Relationship
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Control Linkage Is Binding
            • Pinpoint Test D: Transmission Control Switch (TCS) Does Not Operate Correctly.
      • General Procedures
        • Selector Lever Cable Adjustment
        • Selector Lever Indicator Adjustment
      • Removal And Installation
        • Brake Shift Interlock Actuator
          • Removal and Installation
        • Selector Lever Cable and Bracket
          • Removal and Installation
        • Selector Lever
          • Removal and Installation
        • Transmission Control Switch
          • Removal and Installation
    • Automatic Transmission Servicing
      • Application
      • Identification
        • Oil Pan Gasket
        • Transaxle
      • Lubrication
        • Service Intervals
        • Checking Fluid Level & Condition
        • Recommended Fluids
        • Fluid Capacities
        • Draining & Refilling
        • Oil Cooler Back Flushing & Cleaning
        • Transaxle Flush
      • On-Vehicle Repairs
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Shift Cable
          • Continental, Sable & Taurus
          • Windstar
        • Shift Indicator
          • Notes
          • Continental
          • Windstar
        • Transmission Range Sensor
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Oil Pump & Valve Body Assembly
        • Output Shaft Speed
          • Removal & Installation
        • Transmission Range Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
• External Pages