Repair and Diagnosis (Single Page)

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• Quick Lookups
  • Common Specs & Procedures
    • Specifications Index
  • DTC Index
    • Anti-Theft DTCS
      • Anti-Theft - Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats)
      • Anti-Theft - Perimeter
    • Automatic Transaxle/Transmission DTCS
    • Charging System - General Information DTCS
    • Climate Control System - General Information & Diagnostics DTCS
    • Engine Cooling DTCS
    • Fire Suppression System DTCS
    • Fuel System - General Information DTCS
    • Gauge And Instrument Panels DTCS
      • Instrument Cluster And Panel Illumination
      • Instrument Cluster (Ic), Message Center, And Warning Chimes
    • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms DTCS
    • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems DTCS
    • Information And Entertainment Systems DTCS
    • Lighting DTCS
      • Exterior Lighting
      • Interior Lighting
    • Module Communications Network DTCS
    • Module Configuration DTCS
    • MULTIFUNCTION Electronic Modules DTCS
    • Powertrain DTC Charts And Descriptions - Gasoline Engines DTCS
    • Speed Control DTCS
    • Starting System DTCS
    • Steering Column Switches DTCS
    • Steering System - General Information DTCS
    • Supplemental Restraint System DTCS
    • Vehicle Dynamic Suspension DTCS
    • Vehicle Dynamic Systems DTCS
    • Wheels And Tires DTCS
    • Wipers/Washers DTCS
  • Electrical Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Imported Cars & Trucks
        • ACURA
        • AUDI
        • BENTLEY
        • BMW
        • DAIHATSU
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • FERRARI
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • HONDA
        • HYUNDAI
        • INFINITI
        • ISUZU
        • Jaguar
        • KIA
        • Land Rover
        • LEXUS
        • MAZDA
        • MERCEDES-BENZ
        • MITSUBISHI
        • NISSAN
        • PEUGEOT
        • PORSCHE
        • RENAULT
        • Rolls-ROYCE
        • SAAB
        • SUBARU
        • SUZUKI
        • TOYOTA
        • VOLKSWAGEN
        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
      • Grounds
      • Splices
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fluids
  • Technical Bulletins
    • Campaigns
    • Safety Recalls
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector Views
        • A/C Compressor Clutch Field Coil Connector - C100
        • Generator Connectors - C102A, C102B
        • Oil Pressure Switch Connector - C103
        • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor Connector - C107
        • Knock Sensor Connector - C109
        • Inline Connectors
          • Inline Connector End View - C110
          • Inline Connector End View - C133
          • Inline Connector End View - C134
          • Inline Connector End View - C139
          • Inline Connector End View - C140
          • Inline Connector End View - C146
          • Inline Connector End View - C173
          • Inline Connector End View - C174
          • Inline Connector End View - C192
          • Inline Connector End View - C211
          • Inline Connector End View - C213
          • Inline Connector End View - C214
          • Inline Connector End View - C237
          • Inline Connector End View - C248
          • Inline Connector End View - C260
          • Inline Connector End View - C263
          • Inline Connector End View - C264
          • Inline Connector End View - C268
          • Inline Connector End View - C275
          • Inline Connector End View - C298
          • Inline Connector End View - C299
          • Inline Connector End View - C311
          • Inline Connector End View - C312
          • Inline Connector End View - C313
          • Inline Connector End View - C315
          • Inline Connector End View - C316
          • Inline Connector End View - C339
          • Inline Connector End View - C340
          • Inline Connector End View - C405
          • Inline Connector End View - C406
          • Inline Connector End View - C408
          • Inline Connector End View - C410
          • Inline Connector End View - C411
          • Inline Connector End View - C422
          • Inline Connector End View - C423
          • Inline Connector End View - C431
          • Inline Connector End View - C465
          • Inline Connector End View - C494
          • Inline Connector End View - C510
          • Inline Connector End View - C610
          • Inline Connector End View - C700
          • Inline Connector End View - C800
          • Inline Connector End View - C913
          • Inline Connector End View - C919
          • Inline Connector End View - C1010
          • Inline Connector End View - C1019
          • Inline Connector End View - - C1352
          • Inline Connector End View - C1386
          • Inline Connector End View - C1393
        • Coil On Plug Connectors
          • Coil On Plug 1 Connector End View - C111
          • Coil On Plug 2 Connector End View - C112
          • Coil On Plug 3 Connector End View - C113
          • Coil On Plug 4 Connector End View - C114
          • Coil On Plug 5 Connector End View - C115
          • Coil On Plug 6 Connector End View - C116
          • Coil On Plug 7 Connector End View - C117
          • Coil On Plug 8 Connector End View - C118
        • Brake Fluid Level Switch Connector - C124
        • Windshield Wiper Motor Connector - C125
        • Mass Air Flow Sensor / Intake Air Temperature Sensor Connector - C128
        • Horn Connector - C131
        • Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Connector - C132
        • Anti-Lock Brake System Module Connector - C135
        • Windshield Washer Pump Motor Connector - C137
        • Washer Fluid Level Switch Connector - C138
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 22 Connector - C141
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 12 Connector - C142
        • Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor Connector - C143
        • Front Flasher Connector - C144
        • Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C150
        • Left Front Cornering Lamp Connector - C151
        • Left Front Fog Lamp Connector - C152
        • Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C160
        • Right Front Cornering Lamp Connector - C161
        • Right Front Fog Lamp Connector - C162
        • Digital Transmission Range Sensor Connector - C167
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 11 Connector - C171
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 21 Connector - C172
        • Powertrain Control Module Connectors
          • Powertrain Control Module Connector End View - C175B
          • Powertrain Control Module Connector End View - C175T
        • Powertrain Control Module Connector - C175E
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector - C180
        • Fuel Injector Connectors
          • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View - C181
          • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View - C182
          • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View - C183
          • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View - C184
          • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View - C185
          • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View - C186
          • Fuel Injector 7 Connector End View - C187
          • Fuel Injector 8 Connector End View - C188
        • Starter Motor Connectors
          • Starter Motor Connector End View - C197A
          • Starter Motor Connector End View - C197B
        • Multifunction Switch Connectors
          • Multifunction Switch Connector End View - C202A
          • Multifunction Switch Connector End View - C202B
          • Multifunction Switch Connector End View - C202C
        • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connectors
          • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connector End View - C203
          • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connector End View - C2330A
          • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connector End View - C2330B
        • Main Light Switch Connectors
          • Main Light Switch Connector End View - C205A
          • Main Light Switch Connector End View - C205B
        • Horn Switch Connectors
          • Horn Switch Connector End View - C217A
          • Horn Switch Connector End View - C217B
        • Clockspring Connectors
          • Clockspring Connector End View - C218A
          • Clockspring Connector End View - C218B
        • EATC HVAC Module Connector
          • EATC HVAC Module Connector End View - C228A
          • EATC HVAC Module Connector End View - C228B
        • In-Vehicle Temperature Sensor Connector - C233
        • Audio Unit Connectors
          • Audio Unit Connector End View - C240
          • Audio Unit Connector End View - C290A
          • Audio Unit Connector End View - C290C
        • Rear Window Defrost Switch Connectors - C241
        • Ignition Switch Connector - C250
        • Data Link Connector - C251
        • Message Center Switch Connector - C253
        • Glove Box Lamp Connector - C254
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connectors - C256
        • Speed Control Deactivator Switch Connector - C277
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector - C278
        • Transmission Control Switch Connector - C279
        • Traction Control Switch Connector - C280
        • Autolamp Sensor Connector - C287
        • Temperature Blend Door Actuator Connector - C289
        • Climate Control Assembly Connectors
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294A
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294B
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294C
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294D
        • Passenger Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector - C303
        • Right Side Impact Sensor Connector - C304
        • Left Side Impact Sensor Connector - C305
        • Restraints Control Module Connectors
          • Restraints Control Module Connector End View - C310A
          • Restraints Control Module Connector End View - C310B
        • Passenger Side Front Heated Seat Module Connector - C329
        • Passenger Side Lumbar Adjust Switch Connector - C331
        • Right Front Seat Cushion Heater Connector - C334
        • Right Front Seat Back Heater Connector - C335
        • Passenger Seat Lumbar Compressor Motor Connector - C336
        • Right Side Air Bag Module Connector - C337
        • Passenger Seat Recliner Motor Connector - C338
        • Left Power Seat Motor Assembly Connector - C353
        • Driver Side Seat Position Sensor Connector - C356
        • Driver Side Front Heated Seat Module Connector - C359
        • Driver Side Lumbar Adjust Switch Connector - C361
        • Left Front Seat Cushion Heater Connector - C364
        • Left Front Seat Back Heater Connector - C365
        • Driver Seat Lumbar Compressor Motor Connector - C366
        • Left Side Air Bag Module Connector - C367
        • Driver Seat Recliner Motor Connector - C368
        • Antenna Module Connector
          • Antenna Module Connector End View - C402A
          • Antenna Module Connector End View - C402B
        • Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C426
        • Luggage Compartment Lamp Connector - C428
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Solenoid Connector - C430
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector - C433
        • Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C440
        • Evaporative Emissions Canister Vent Control Solenoid Connector - C450
        • Left Reversing Lamp Connector - C451
        • Right Reversing Lamp Connector - C461
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector - C466
        • High Mounted Stoplamp Connector - C475
        • Left Rear Speaker Connector - C484
        • Right Rear Speaker Connector - C485
        • License Lamps Connector - C490
        • Driver Door Module Connectors
          • Driver Door Module Connector End View - C501A
          • Driver Door Module Connector End View - C501B
          • Driver Door Module Connector End View - C501C
        • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector
          • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View - C504A
          • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View - C504B
        • Driver Side Door Lock Switch Connector - C505
        • Left Exterior Rear View Mirror Connector - C516
        • Driver Side Front Seat Adjust Switch Connector - C519
        • Left Front Speaker Connector - C523
        • Driver Side Front Power Window Motor Connector - C524
        • Left Front Door Lock Actuator Connector - C525
        • Driver Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Driver Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C526A
          • Driver Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C526B
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector - C527
        • Keyless Entry Keypad Connector - C530
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Switch 1 Connector - C534
        • Driver Side Seat Heater Switch Connector - C538
        • Passenger Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Passenger Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C602A
          • Passenger Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C602B
        • Passenger Side Door Lock Actuator Connector - C603
        • Passenger Side Door Lock Switch Connector - C605
        • Passenger Side Front Power Window Motor Connector - C608
        • Right Front Speaker Connector - C612
        • Right Exterior Rear View Mirror Connector - C622
        • Right Side Front Power Window Switch Connector - C624
        • Passenger Side Front Seat Adjust Switch Connector - C627
        • Passenger Side Seat Heater Switch Connector - C630
        • Left Rear Window Adjust Switch Connector - C701
        • Left Rear Power Window Motor Connector - C703
        • Left Rear Door Lock Actuator Connector - C704
        • Driver Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Driver Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C715A
          • Driver Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C715B
        • Right Rear Window Adjust Switch Connector - C801
        • Right Rear Power Window Motor Connector - C803
        • Right Rear Door Lock Actuator Connector - C804
        • Passenger Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Passenger Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C820A
          • Passenger Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C820B
        • Right Vanity Mirror Lamp Connector - C906
        • Left Vanity Mirror Lamp Connector - C907
        • Electrochromatic Inside Mirror Unit Connector - C911
        • Rear Interior Lamp/ Map Lamp Assembly Connector - C932
        • Map Reading Lamps Connector - C978
        • Taxi Roof Lamp Connector - C994
        • Left Headlamp Connector
          • Left Headlamp Connector End View - C1021
          • Left Headlamp Connector End View - C1284
        • Left Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector
          • Left Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1023
          • Left Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1115
        • Battery Junction Box Connector - C1035
        • Right Headlamp Connector - C1041, C1285
          • Right Headlamp Connector End View - C1041
          • Right Headlamp Connector End View - C1285
        • Right Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector
          • Right Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1043
          • Right Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1116
        • Engine Cooling Fan Module Connector - C1048
        • EGR System Module Connector - C1068
        • Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor / Fuel Rail Temperature Sensor Connector - C1073
        • A/C Compressor Cycling Switch Connector - C1081
        • Battery Connectors
          • Battery Connector End View - C1100A
          • Battery Connector End View - C1100B
        • Output Shaft Speed Sensor Connector - C1107
        • Left Front Parking Lamp Connector - C1113
        • Right Front Parking Lamp Connector - C1114
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector - C1120
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch Connector - C1121
        • Air Suspension Compressor Assembly Connector - C1179
        • Evaporative Emissions Canister Purge Valve Connector - C1195
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor Connector - C1196
        • Blower Motor Connector - C1227
        • A/C Pressure Transducer Connector - C1260
        • 4R70E Automatic Transmission Vehicle Harness Connector - C1274
        • Blower Motor Speed Control Connector - C1308
        • Blower Motor Resistor Connector - C1349
        • Wig-Wag Module Connector - C1365
        • Electronic Throttle Control Motor Connector - C1368
        • Throttle Position Sensor Connector - C1449
        • Left Front Impact Severity Sensor Connector - C1465
        • Right Front Impact Severity Sensor Connector - C1466
        • Heated Positive Crankcase Ventilation Connector - C1470
        • Siren Speaker Connector - C1471
        • Left Front Strobe Assembly Connector - C1478
        • Right Front Strobe Assembly Connector - C1479
        • Left Grille Strobe Assembly Connector - C1480
        • Right Grille Strobe Assembly Connector - C1481
        • Adjustable Pedal Motor Connector - C2003
        • Passive Anti-Theft System Transceiver Connector - C2007
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector - C2008
        • Park Brake Switch Connector - C2015
        • Front Cigar Lighter Connector - C2031
        • Power Point Connectors - C2033
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Connector - C2040
        • Left Footwell Courtesy Lamp Connector - C2056
        • Right Footwell Courtesy Lamp Connector - C2057
        • Adjustable Pedal Switch Connector - C2089
        • Vehicle Dynamics Module Connector
          • Vehicle Dynamics Module Connector End View - C2131A
          • Vehicle Dynamics Module Connector End View - C2131B
        • Lighting Control Module Connectors
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145A
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145B
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145C
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145D
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Switch 2 Connector - C2203
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Switch 3 Connector - C2204
        • Left Side Spot Lamp Connector - C2205
        • Right Side Spot Lamp Connector - C2206
        • Audio Control Switch / Climate Control Switch Connector - C2208
        • Taxi Roof Lamp Switch Connector - C2213
        • Instrument Cluster Connectors - C2220
        • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation Indicator Connector - C2286
        • Deployable Steering Column Connector - C2318
        • Driver Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector - C3014
        • Right Power Seat Motor Assembly Connector - C3015
        • Occupant Classification Sensor Connector - C3042
        • Occupant Classification System Module Connector - C3043
        • Driver Side Safety Belt Sensor Connector - C3065
        • Passenger Side Safety Belt Sensor Connector - C3066
        • Antenna Connector - C3183
        • Strobe/Light Bar Control Switch Connector - C3257A
        • Strobe/Light Bar Control Switches Connector - C3257B
        • Fire Suppression Module Connector - C3281A
        • Fire Suppression System Module Connectors - C3281B
        • Fuel Pump Driver Module Connector - C4033
        • Air Suspension Height Sensor Connector - C4043
        • Left Rear Air Spring Solenoid Valve Connector - C4044
        • Right Rear Air Spring Solenoid Valve Connector - C4045
        • Air Suspension Disable Switch Connector - C4087
        • Left Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 1 Connector - C4112
        • Left Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 2 Connector - C4113
        • Right Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 1 Connector - C4114
        • Right Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 2 Connector - C4115
        • Left Rear Police Flasher Lamp Connector - C4163
        • Right Rear Police Flasher Lamp Connector - C4164
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Connector - C4168
        • Rear Police Auxiliary Junction Box Connector
          • Rear Police Auxiliary Junction Box Connector End View - C4170A
          • Rear Police Auxiliary Junction Box Connector End View - C4170B
        • Strobe Control Module Connectors
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231A
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231B
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231C
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231D
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231E
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231F
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231G
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231H
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231J
        • Smart Siren Amplifier Connector - C4232
        • Trunk Air Circulation Fan Motor Connector - C4233
        • Rear Deck Led Flasher Connector - C4234
        • Left Rear Strobe Assembly Connector - C4235
        • Right Rear Strobe Assembly Connector - C4236
        • Right Rear Police Tray Lamp Connector - C4298
        • Left Rear Police Tray Lamp Connector - C4299
        • Right Fire Suppressor Connector - C4316
        • Left Fire Suppressor Connector - C4317
        • Trunk Perimeter Disarm Switch Connector - C4330
        • Fire Suppression Manual Switch Connector - C9034
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Body Control Modules
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cooling Fan
      • Cruise Control
      • Defoggers
      • Electronic Suspension
      • Engine Performance
        • 4.6L Flex Fuel
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Seats
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlock
      • Starting/Charging
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
      • Trunk, Tailgate, Fuel Door
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Accessories & Equipment
  • Accessories Control Systems
    • Component Testing
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Main light switch
          • Schematic
          • Component testing procedure
          • Terminals
        • Ignition switch
          • Schematic
          • Component testing procedure
          • Terminals
        • Multifunction switch
          • Schematic
          • Component testing procedure
          • Terminals
        • Exterior rear view mirror switch
          • Schematic
          • Component testing procedure
          • Terminals
        • Master window adjust switch
          • Schematic
          • Component testing procedure
          • Terminals
        • Power window switch, RH side front
          • Schematic
          • Component testing procedure
          • Terminals
        • Window adjust switch, left rear
          • Schematic
          • Component testing procedure
          • Terminals
        • Window adjust switch, right rear
          • Schematic
          • Component testing procedure
          • Terminals
        • Door lock switch
          • Schematic
          • Component testing procedure
          • Terminals
        • Seat adjust switch
          • Schematic
          • Component testing procedure
          • Terminals
        • Relay - Mini ISO
          • Schematic
          • Component testing procedure (no voltage applied)
          • Terminals
          • Component testing procedure (voltage applied)
        • Relay - Micro ISO
          • Schematic
          • Component testing procedure (no voltage applied)
          • Terminals
          • Component testing procedure (voltage applied)
    • Fire Suppression System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Fire Suppression System
          • Notes
          • Fire Suppression System Module (FSSM)
          • Fire Suppression Manual Switch
          • Fire Suppressors
          • Fire Suppression Manifolds
          • Electrical System
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Fire Suppression System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • DTC Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTCs B2900 and P0630 - Incorrect Vehicle Identification
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B299A - Suppressor Left Circuit Open - Loop #1
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B29A4 - Suppressor Right Circuit Open - Loop #1
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTCs B299F and B29A9 - Suppressor Left/Right Circuit Open - Loop #2
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTCs B299B and B29A5 - Suppressor Left/Right Circuit Short to Battery - Loop #1
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTCs B299C and B29A6 - Suppressor Left/Right Circuit Short to Ground - Loop #1
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTCs B29A1, B29AB, B29A3 and B29AD - Suppressor Left/Right Circuit Short to Ground/Low Resistance - Loop #2
            • Pinpoint Test H: DTCs B299E and B29A8 - Suppressor Left/Right Circuit Resistance Low on Squib - Loop #1
            • Pinpoint Test I: DTC B2792 - Cross Link Between Firing Loops
            • Pinpoint Test J: DTCs B29AF, B29B0, B29B1 and B29B2 - Fire Suppression Manual Switch Failure
      • General Procedures
        • Fire Suppression System DEPOWERING & REPOWERING
      • Removal & Installation
        • Fire Suppression System Module (FSSM)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fire Suppression Manifold
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fire Suppressor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fire Suppression Manual Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
    • Universal Transmitter - Remote Convenience System
      • Description And Operation
        • Universal Transmitter
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Universal Transmitter
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Universal Transmitter is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Universal Transmitter Is Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Universal Transmitter Programming
          • Notes
          • Training a Garage Door Opener Equipped With "Rolling Codes"
          • Erasing Channels
  • Anti-Theft Systems
    • Anti-Theft System - Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats)
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Theft
          • Notes
          • PATS Function
          • Unlimited Key Mode
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Anti-Theft
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTC B2103 - Antenna Not Connected
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1600 - PATS Ignition Key Transponder Signal Is Not Received
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1601 - PATS Received Incorrect Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1602 - PATS Received Invalid Format Of Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1681 - PATS Transceiver Module Signal Is Not Received
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Anti-Theft Indicator Is Always/Never On
      • General Procedures
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Equipment
        • Key Programming Using Two Programmed Keys
        • Anti-Theft Security Access
        • Key Programming Switch State Control
        • Spare Key Programming - Using Diagnostic Equipment
        • Spare Key Programming - Unlimited Key Mode
          • Notes
          • Enabling Unlimited Key Mode
          • Disabling Unlimited Key Mode
      • Removal & Installation
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) Transceiver
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
    • Anti-Theft System - Perimeter
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Theft
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Anti-Theft
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Panic Alarm
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Alarm System Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Alarm System Does Not Operate Correctly
      • Removal And Installation
        • Door Disarm Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
    • Handles, Locks, Latches & Entry Systems
      • Specifications
        • Lock Repair/Replacement Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Handles, Locks, Latches & Entry Systems
          • Notes
          • Lock Cylinders
          • Luggage Compartment Lid Latch
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Locks, Latches & Entry Systems
          • Notes
          • Principles Of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From One Switch
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Luggage Compartment Lid Is Inoperative - Without Police Package
            • Pinpoint Test C: All Door Locks Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: A Single/More Than One Door Lock Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Keyless Entry Keypad
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Autolock Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Smart Lock Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Luggage Compartment Lid Is Inoperative Using The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test J: Panic Feature Is Inoperative Or Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Keyless Entry Keypad Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Auto-Unlock Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Transmitter Is Out Of Synchronization
            • Pinpoint Test N: All Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Transmitters Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Transmitter Has Poor Range Performance
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Luggage Compartment Lid Is Inoperative - With Police Package
      • General Procedures
        • Remote Keyless Entry Transmitter Programming
        • Keyless Entry Keypad Code Programming
        • AUTOLOCK & Horn Chirp Programming
          • Autolock
          • Auto-Unlock
      • Removal & Installation
        • Hood Latch & Components - Exploded View
        • Hood Latch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Hood Latch Release Handle
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Door Handles, Locks & Latches - Exploded View
        • Front Door Latch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Door Lock Actuator
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Ajar Switch - Front
          • Removal & Installation
        • Exterior Front Door Handle
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Lock Cylinder
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear Door Handles, Locks & Latches - Exploded View
        • Rear Door Latch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear Door Lock Actuator
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Ajar Switch - Rear Door
          • Removal & Installation
        • Exterior Rear Door Handle
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Latch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Lock Cylinder
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Ignition Lock Cylinder - Functional
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Ignition Lock Cylinder - Non Functional
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Lock Control Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Keyless Entry Keypad
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Antenna
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
  • Communication Devices
    • Module Communications Network
      • Description & Operation
        • Communications Network
          • Notes
          • Network Topology
          • HS-CAN Operation
          • ISO Network Operation
          • Standard Corporate Protocol (SCP) Communication Network
          • Network Termination
          • Gateway Module
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Communications Network
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • DTC Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The PCM Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool, or No High Speed Controller Area Network (HS-CAN) Communication
            • Pinpoint Test B: The ABS Module Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Instrument Cluster (IC) Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Lighting Control Module (LCM) Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning (HVAC) Module Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Vehicle Dynamics Module (VDM) Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Driver Door Module (DDM) Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Overhead Console Message Center (MC) Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
            • Pinpoint Test I: Intermittent No High Speed Controller Area Network (HS-CAN) Communication, One Or More Modules Are Not Responding During Network Test
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Fire Suppression System Module (FSSM) Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Restraints Control Module (RCM) Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
            • Pinpoint Test L: No International Standards Organization (ISO) 9141 Network Communication, All Modules Are Not Responding
            • Pinpoint Test M: No Standard Corporate Protocol (SCP) Network Communications, All Modules Are Not Responding
            • Pinpoint Test N: No Power To The Scan Tool
    • Module Configuration System
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Module Configuration
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Definition of Terms
              • Notes
              • Programmable Module Installation (PMI)
              • Module Reprogramming
              • Programmable Parameters
              • Adaptive Learning and Calibration
              • Vehicle Identification (VID) Block
              • As-Built Data
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
      • General Procedures
        • Programmable Module Installation
          • Notes
          • Programmable Module Installation (PMI) Using the Integrated Diagnostic System (IDS) When the Original Module is Available
          • Programmable Module Installation (PMI) Using the Integrated Diagnostic System (IDS) When the Original Module is NOT Available
    • MULTIFUNCTION Electronic Modules
      • Description & Operation
        • Module Controlled Functions
          • Notes
          • Driver Door Module (DDM)
          • Lighting Control Module (LCM)
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Chart
        • Driver Door Module (DDM)
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
        • Lighting Control Module (LCM)
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
      • Removal & Installation
        • Driver Door Module (DDM)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lighting Control Module (LCM)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
  • Cruise Control Systems
    • Cruise Control System - Speed Control
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Speed Control
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Speed Control
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Speed Control is Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Speed Control Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC P1572 or P1703 - Brake On/Off Circuit Failure
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: DTC P1572 Or DTC P1703 - Brake On/Off Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC P0579 or P0581 - Cruise Control Switch Circuit Failure
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: DTC P0579 Or DTC P0581 - Cruise Control Switch Circuit Failure
      • Removal And Installation
        • Speed Control Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Speed Control DEACTIVATOR Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Entertainment Systems
    • Information System & Entertainment System
      • Description & Operation
        • Information & Entertainment System
          • Audio Line-Up
          • Radio Frequency Interference Suppression Equipment
          • Antenna
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Information & Entertainment System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Audio Unit Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test B: Poor Reception
            • Pinpoint Test C: Poor Quality/Distorted/No Sound From One Or More Speakers
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Steering Wheel Controls Are Inoperative/Do Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Subwoofer Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
      • General Procedures
        • Audio Unit Part Number Retrieval
      • Removal & Installation
        • Antenna Lead-In Cable
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Antenna Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Audio Unit
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Speaker
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Parcel Shelf Speaker
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Wheel Controls
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Subwoofer Speaker
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
  • Exterior Lights
    • Exterior Lighting System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Exterior Lighting
          • Headlamps
          • Autolamps
          • Autolamps Time Delay Adjustment
          • Stoplamps
          • Turn Signal/Hazard and Cornering Lamps
          • Parking Lamps
          • Fog Lamps
          • Reversing Lamps
          • Police Option
          • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Headlamps
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The High Beams Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The High Beams Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: One Low Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: One Low Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: One High Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: One High Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Headlamps Are On Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: The Headlamps Are On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Flash-To-Pass Feature Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: The Flash-To-Pass Feature Is Inoperative
        • AUTOLAMPS
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Autolamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: The AUTOLAMPS Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Autolamps Are On Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test G: The AUTOLAMPS Are On Continuously
        • STOPLAMPS
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Stoplamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test H: The STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test I: One Or More Stoplamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test I: One Or More STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Stoplamps Are On Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test J: The STOPLAMPS Are On Continuously
        • Turn Signal, Cornering And Hazard Lamps
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Turn Signals
            • Cornering Lamps
            • Hazard Lamps
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test K: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test L: One Turn Signal Lamp Is Inoperative/Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test L: One Turn Signal/Hazard Lamp Is Inoperative/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Cornering Lamp Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test M: The Cornering Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Cornering Lamp Is Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test N: The Cornering Lamp Is Always On
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Hazard Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test O: The Hazard Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Parking, Rear And License Plate Lamps
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test P: One Or More Parking, Rear Or License Plate Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test P: One Or More Parking, Rear Or License Plate Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The Parking, Rear And License Plate Lamps Are On Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Q: The Parking, Rear And License Plate Lamps Are On Continuously
        • Fog Lamps
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Fog Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test R: The Fog Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Fog Lamps Are On Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test S: The Fog Lamps Are On Continuously
        • Reversing Lamps
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Reversing Lamps
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test T: The Reversing Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test T: The Reversing Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test U: The Reversing Lamps Are On Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test U: The Reversing Lamps Are On Continuously
        • Public Safety - Police Package
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test V: The Spotlamp Is Inoperative/Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test V: The SPOTLAMP Is Inoperative/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test W: The Package Tray Lamps Do Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test W: The Package Tray Lamps Do Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test X: The Decklid Flashing Lamps Do Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test X: The DECKLID Flashing Lamps Do Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test Y: The Alternating Flashing Headlamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Y: The Alternating Flashing Headlamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test Z: The Public Safety Equipment Power Supply Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Z: The Public Safety Equipment Power Supply Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test AA: The Rear Deck Light Emitting Diode (LED) Flasher Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Aa: The Rear Deck Light Emitting Diode (Led) Flasher Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test AB: The Strobe Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ab: The Strobe Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
      • General Procedures
        • Headlamp Adjustment
          • Notes
          • Headlamp Aiming
          • Photometric Aiming
          • Screen Method Aiming
          • Mechanical Aiming
        • Front Fog Lamp Adjustment
      • Removal And Installation
        • Headlamp Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Headlamp Bulb
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fog Lamp
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fog Lamp Bulb
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Side Turn Signal Lamp
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • STOPLAMP Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Light Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Headlamp Switch
          • Removal And Installation
        • High Mounted STOPLAMP
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Rear Lamp Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • SPOTLAMP
          • Removal And Installation
  • Gauges & Instrument Panels
    • Information Center - Instrument Cluster (Ic), Message Center, & Warning Chimes
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster (Ic)
        • Information And Message Center
        • Warning Chimes
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Instrument Cluster (Ic), Message Center And Warning Chimes
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Instrument Cluster
              • Instrument Cluster Prove-Out
              • Fuel Gauge
              • Flex Fuel
              • Engine Coolant Temperature Gauge
              • Tachometer
              • Speedometer
              • Charging System Warning Indicator
              • BRAKE Warning Indicator
              • ABS Warning Indicator
              • Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL)
              • Low Fuel Warning Indicator (If Equipped)
              • Air Bag Warning Indicator
              • Safety Belt Warning Indicator
              • Low Oil Pressure Warning Indicator
              • Door/Trunk Ajar Indicator
              • Turn Signal Indicators
              • High Beam Indicator
              • Speed Control Indicator
              • Powertrain Malfunction (Wrench) Warning Indicator
              • Check Fuel Cap Warning Indicator
              • O/D OFF Indicator
              • Engine Coolant Over Temperature Warning Indicator
              • Traction Control Indicator
              • Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)
              • Air Suspension Indicator (If Equipped)
              • Fire Suppression Indicator (Police)
              • Engine Idle Hour Meter (Police)
            • Information And Message Center
              • Notes
              • Information Displays
              • Setup Displays
              • System Check Displays
              • System Warnings
            • Warning Chimes
              • Notes
              • Safety Belt Warning Chime
              • Belt-Minder®
              • Key-In-Ignition Warning Chime
              • Headlamps On Warning Chime
              • Turn Signal On Warning Chime
              • Door Ajar Warning Chime
              • Air Bag Warning Chime
              • Message Center Warning Chime
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Instrument Cluster (IC) Self-Diagnostic Mode
          • Symptom Charts
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Instrument Cluster (IC) Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Instrument Cluster (Ic) Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test C: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Tachometer Is Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: The Tachometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Speedometer/Odometer Is Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: The Speedometer/Odometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Low Fuel Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: The Low Fuel Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)/Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test G: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Check Fuel Cap Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test H: The Check Fuel Cap Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test I: The BRAKE Warning Indicator Is Never On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test I: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test J: The BRAKE Warning Indicator Is Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test J: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Always On
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Charging System Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test K: The Charging System Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Fire Suppression System Indicator Is Never On (Police Vehicles Only)
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test L: The Fire Suppression System Indicator Is Never On (Police Vehicles Only)
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Fire Suppression System Indicator Is Always On (Police Vehicles Only)
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test M: The Fire Suppression System Indicator Is Always On (Police Vehicles Only)
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Air Suspension Indicator Is Never/Always On (If Equipped)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test N: The Air Suspension Indicator Is Never/Always On (If Equipped)
            • Pinpoint Test O: The High Beam Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test O: The High Beam Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test O: The LH/RH Turn Indicator Is Never On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test P: The LH/RH Turn Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The ABS Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Q: The Abs Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Traction Control Indicator Is Never/Always On (If Equipped)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test R: The Traction Control Indicator Is Never/Always On (If Equipped)
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Low Oil Pressure Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test S: The Low Oil Pressure Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test T: The Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test T: The Malfunction Indicator Lamp (Mil) Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test U: The Air Bag Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test U: The Air Bag Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test V: The Speed Control Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test V: The Speed Control Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test W: The Powertrain Malfunction (Wrench) Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test W: The Powertrain Malfunction (Wrench) Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test X: The Door/Trunk Ajar Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)/Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test X: The Door/Trunk Ajar Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test Y: The O/D OFF Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Y: The O/D Off Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test Z: The Engine Coolant Over Temperature Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Z: The Engine Coolant Over Temperature Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test AA: The Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Aa: The Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test AB: The Engine Idle Hour Meter Is Inoperative (If Equipped)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ab: The Engine Idle Hour Meter Is Inoperative (If Equipped)
            • Pinpoint Test AC: The Message Center Is Not Operating Correctly
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ac: The Message Center Is Not Operating Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test AD: The Message Center Switch Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ad: The Message Center Switch Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test AE: The LOW WASHER FLUID LEVEL Message Is Inoperative/Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AE: The Low Washer Fluid Level Message Is Inoperative/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test AF: The DOOR AJAR Warning Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AF: The Door Ajar Warning Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test AG: The TRUNK AJAR Message Is Inoperative/Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ag: The Trunk Ajar Message Is Inoperative/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test AH: The Headlamps On Warning Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ah: The Headlamps On Warning Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test AI: The Air Bag/Safety Belt Warning Chime Is Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ai: The Air Bag/Safety Belt Warning Chime Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test AJ: The Key-In-Ignition Warning Chime Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AJ: The Key-In-Ignition Warning Chime Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test AK: The Door Ajar Warning Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AK: The Door Ajar Warning Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test AL: The Chime Sounds When The Driver Door Is Ajar (No Key In Ignition And Headlamps Off)
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Al: The Chime Sounds When The Driver Door Is Ajar (No Key In Ignition And Headlamps Off)
            • Pinpoint Test AM: The Turn Signal On Warning Chime Is Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Am: The Turn Signal On Warning Chime Is Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Belt-Minder® Deactivating/Activating
          • Preparation
          • Deactivating/Activating
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Cluster (Ic)
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Cluster (Ic) Lens
          • Removal And Installation
        • Message Center Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
    • Information System & Entertainment System
      • Description & Operation
        • Information & Entertainment System
          • Audio Line-Up
          • Radio Frequency Interference Suppression Equipment
          • Antenna
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Information & Entertainment System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Audio Unit Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test B: Poor Reception
            • Pinpoint Test C: Poor Quality/Distorted/No Sound From One Or More Speakers
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Steering Wheel Controls Are Inoperative/Do Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Subwoofer Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
      • General Procedures
        • Audio Unit Part Number Retrieval
      • Removal & Installation
        • Antenna Lead-In Cable
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Antenna Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Audio Unit
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Speaker
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Parcel Shelf Speaker
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Wheel Controls
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Subwoofer Speaker
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
    • Instrument Cluster Illumination & Instrument Panel Illumination
      • Description & Operation
        • Instrument Cluster & Panel Illumination
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Instrument Cluster & Panel Illumination
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Control Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Instrument Cluster (IC) Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Climate Control Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Audio System Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Steering Wheel Control Switch(es) Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: A Single Illumination Source Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Instrument Panel Illumination Does Not Dim
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Overhead Console (With Moonroof) Illumination Is Inoperative
      • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Panel Dimmer Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
    • Instrument Panel & Console
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Cluster Finish Panel
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Console - Floor
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Console Finish Panel - Floor
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Console - Overhead
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
  • Headlights
    • Exterior Lighting System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Exterior Lighting
          • Headlamps
          • Autolamps
          • Autolamps Time Delay Adjustment
          • Stoplamps
          • Turn Signal/Hazard and Cornering Lamps
          • Parking Lamps
          • Fog Lamps
          • Reversing Lamps
          • Police Option
          • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Headlamps
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The High Beams Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The High Beams Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: One Low Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: One Low Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: One High Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: One High Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Headlamps Are On Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: The Headlamps Are On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Flash-To-Pass Feature Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: The Flash-To-Pass Feature Is Inoperative
        • AUTOLAMPS
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Autolamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: The AUTOLAMPS Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Autolamps Are On Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test G: The AUTOLAMPS Are On Continuously
        • STOPLAMPS
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Stoplamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test H: The STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test I: One Or More Stoplamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test I: One Or More STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Stoplamps Are On Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test J: The STOPLAMPS Are On Continuously
        • Turn Signal, Cornering And Hazard Lamps
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Turn Signals
            • Cornering Lamps
            • Hazard Lamps
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test K: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test L: One Turn Signal Lamp Is Inoperative/Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test L: One Turn Signal/Hazard Lamp Is Inoperative/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Cornering Lamp Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test M: The Cornering Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Cornering Lamp Is Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test N: The Cornering Lamp Is Always On
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Hazard Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test O: The Hazard Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Parking, Rear And License Plate Lamps
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test P: One Or More Parking, Rear Or License Plate Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test P: One Or More Parking, Rear Or License Plate Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The Parking, Rear And License Plate Lamps Are On Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Q: The Parking, Rear And License Plate Lamps Are On Continuously
        • Fog Lamps
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Fog Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test R: The Fog Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Fog Lamps Are On Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test S: The Fog Lamps Are On Continuously
        • Reversing Lamps
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Reversing Lamps
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test T: The Reversing Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test T: The Reversing Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test U: The Reversing Lamps Are On Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test U: The Reversing Lamps Are On Continuously
        • Public Safety - Police Package
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test V: The Spotlamp Is Inoperative/Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test V: The SPOTLAMP Is Inoperative/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test W: The Package Tray Lamps Do Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test W: The Package Tray Lamps Do Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test X: The Decklid Flashing Lamps Do Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test X: The DECKLID Flashing Lamps Do Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test Y: The Alternating Flashing Headlamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Y: The Alternating Flashing Headlamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test Z: The Public Safety Equipment Power Supply Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Z: The Public Safety Equipment Power Supply Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test AA: The Rear Deck Light Emitting Diode (LED) Flasher Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Aa: The Rear Deck Light Emitting Diode (Led) Flasher Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test AB: The Strobe Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ab: The Strobe Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
      • General Procedures
        • Headlamp Adjustment
          • Notes
          • Headlamp Aiming
          • Photometric Aiming
          • Screen Method Aiming
          • Mechanical Aiming
        • Front Fog Lamp Adjustment
      • Removal And Installation
        • Headlamp Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Headlamp Bulb
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fog Lamp
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fog Lamp Bulb
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Side Turn Signal Lamp
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • STOPLAMP Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Light Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Headlamp Switch
          • Removal And Installation
        • High Mounted STOPLAMP
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Rear Lamp Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • SPOTLAMP
          • Removal And Installation
  • Heated Glass/Defoggers
    • Windows & Glass - Glass, Frames & Mechanisms
      • Specifications
        • Window Regulator Electric Drive Current Draw Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Glass, Frames & Mechanisms
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Glass, Frames & Mechanisms
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All the Power Windows are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Power Window is Inoperative - Driver
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Power Window is Inoperative - Passenger Front
            • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Power Window is Inoperative - Passenger Rear
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Defrost System is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC B1349 - Heated Backlite Relay Short to Battery
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Defrost System Does Not Shut Off Automatically
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Defrost System is Inoperative - ON Indicator
          • Component Tests
            • Grid Wire Test
      • General Procedures
        • Window Grid Wire Repair
        • Lead Terminal Repair
        • Window Glass Adjustment
          • Front Door Window Glass Adjustment
          • Rear Door Window Glass Adjustment
        • Glass Reseal - Windshield
        • Glass Reseal - Rear
      • Removal & Installation
        • Windshield Glass
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Glass, Frames & Mechanisms - Exploded View, Front Door
        • Window Glass - Front Door
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Window Regulator & Motor - Front Door
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Window Regulator Motor - Front Door
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Glass Top Run - Front
          • Removal & Installation
        • Glass, Frames & Mechanisms - Exploded View, Rear Door
        • Window Glass - Rear Door
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Window Regulator & Motor - Rear Door
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Window Regulator Motor - Rear Door
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Window Glass - Rear Quarter
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Rear
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Control Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
  • Horns
    • Horn System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Horn
          • Notes
          • Horn Location
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Horn
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Horn Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Horn Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Horn Is Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: The Horn Is Always On
  • Infotainment
    • Electrical Compass - Electronic Compass
      • Description And Operation
        • Electronic Compass
          • Notes
          • Compass Accuracy
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Electronic Compass
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Compass Is Inaccurate/Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Compass Is Inaccurate/Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Compass Zone Adjustment
        • Compass Calibration
        • Vehicle Demagnetizing
      • Removal And Installation
        • Compass Display and Module
    • Information System & Entertainment System
      • Description & Operation
        • Information & Entertainment System
          • Audio Line-Up
          • Radio Frequency Interference Suppression Equipment
          • Antenna
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Information & Entertainment System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Audio Unit Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test B: Poor Reception
            • Pinpoint Test C: Poor Quality/Distorted/No Sound From One Or More Speakers
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Steering Wheel Controls Are Inoperative/Do Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Subwoofer Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
      • General Procedures
        • Audio Unit Part Number Retrieval
      • Removal & Installation
        • Antenna Lead-In Cable
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Antenna Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Audio Unit
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Speaker
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Parcel Shelf Speaker
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Wheel Controls
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Subwoofer Speaker
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
  • Interior/Exterior Trim
    • Exterior Trim & Ornamentation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Quarter Panel Molding
          • Removal And Installation
        • License Plate Housing
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
    • Interior Trim & Ornamentation
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Removal And Installation
        • Interior Trim - Exploded View
        • B-Pillar Trim Panel
          • Removal And Installation
        • Quarter Trim Panel
          • Removal And Installation
        • Parcel Shelf
          • Removal And Installation
        • Door Trim Panel - Front
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Door Trim Panel - Rear
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Headliner
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Interior/Illumination Lights
    • Interior Lighting System
      • Description & Operation
        • Interior Lighting
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Interior Lighting
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • DTC Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Courtesy Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: An Individual Courtesy Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Courtesy Lamps Stay On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Courtesy Lamps Do Not Turn On With One Door Open
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Demand Lighting Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: An Individual Demand Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Battery Saver Does Not Deactivate After Timeout
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Luggage Compartment Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Interior Lamps Are Inoperative From The Instrument Panel Dimmer Switch
            • Pinpoint Test J: DTC B1334 - Decklid Ajar Rear Door Circuit Short To Ground
  • Mirrors
    • Electrical Compass - Electronic Compass
      • Description And Operation
        • Electronic Compass
          • Notes
          • Compass Accuracy
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Electronic Compass
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Compass Is Inaccurate/Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Compass Is Inaccurate/Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Compass Zone Adjustment
        • Compass Calibration
        • Vehicle Demagnetizing
      • Removal And Installation
        • Compass Display and Module
    • Rear View Mirror
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Rear View Mirrors
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Rear View Mirrors
          • Notes
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Mirrors are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Mirror is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Mirror Does Not Function with Switch Logic
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Auto Dimming Mirror Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Heated Exterior Mirror is Inoperative
      • Removal & Installation
        • Exterior Mirrors - Exploded View
        • Exterior Mirror
          • Removal & Installation
        • Exterior Mirror Glass
          • Removal & Installation
        • Exterior Mirror Motor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Exterior Mirror Cover
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Exterior Mirror Control Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Interior Rear View Mirror
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Auto-Dimming Interior Mirror
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Seats
    • Seat System - Seating
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Seats
          • Front Seats
          • Power Seat Track
          • Power Recliner
          • Power Lumbar
          • Seat Side Air Bag
          • Heated Seat
          • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS)
          • Belt Tension Sensor (BTS)
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Seats
          • Notes
          • Restraint System Diagnostic Tool Warning
          • Principles of Operation
            • Front Power Seats
            • Heated Seats
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Notes
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Power Seat is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Power Seat Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically - Driver
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically - Driver
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically - Passenger
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically - Passenger
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Power Seat Does Not Recline - Driver
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: The Power Seat Does Not Recline - Driver
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Power Seat Does Not Recline - Passenger
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: The Power Seat Does Not Recline - Passenger
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Power Seat Moves But is Noisy
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: The Power Seat Moves But Is Noisy
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Power Seat Moves But is Loose
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test G: The Power Seat Moves But Is Loose
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Power Seat Does Not Make Full Travel
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test H: The Power Seat Does Not Make Full Travel
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Power Lumbar is Inoperative - Driver
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test I: The Power Lumbar Is Inoperative - Driver
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Power Lumbar is Inoperative - Passenger
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test J: The Power Lumbar Is Inoperative - Passenger
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Heated Seat is Inoperative - Driver
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test K: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Driver
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Heated Seat is Inoperative - Passenger
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test L: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Passenger
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Heated Seat is Inoperative - Driver, Does Not Operate in High
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test M: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Driver, Does Not Operate In High
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Heated Seat is Inoperative - Driver, Does Not Operate in Low
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test N: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Driver, Does Not Operate In Low
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Heated Seat is Inoperative - Passenger, Does Not Operate in High
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test O: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Passenger, Does Not Operate In High
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Heated Seat is Inoperative - Passenger, Does Not Operate in Low
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test P: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Passenger, Does Not Operate In Low
      • Removal And Installation
        • Seat - Front
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat - Exploded View, Front
        • Seat Backrest - Front
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Recliner - Manual
          • Removal And Installation
        • Seat Recliner - Power
          • Removal And Installation
        • Lumbar Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lumbar Control Switch
          • Removal And Installation
        • Seat Control Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Heated Seat Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Heated Seat Module
          • Removal And Installation
        • Seat Track
          • Removal And Installation
        • Seat - Rear
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Seat Armrest - Rear
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Seat Backrest - Front
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat Cushion - Front
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat Armrest - Rear
          • Notes
          • Disassembly And Assembly
  • Steering Column Switches
    • Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Steering Column Switches
    • Diagnostic Tests
      • Steering Column Switches
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
          • Notes
          • Ignition Switch
          • Multifunction Switch
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: No Power in All Ignition Switch Positions
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Power In All Ignition Switch Positions
          • Pinpoint Test B: No Power in RUN/ACC
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test B: No Power In Run/Acc
          • Pinpoint Test C: No Power in RUN/START
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test C: No Power In Run/Start
        • Component Tests
          • Ignition Switch - Mechanical
          • Ignition Switch - Electrical
          • Multifunction Switch - Electrical
    • Removal And Installation
      • Steering Column MULTIFUNCTION Switch
        • Notes
        • Removal And Installation
      • Ignition Switch
        • Removal And Installation
  • Window Motors & Regulators
    • Windows & Glass - Glass, Frames & Mechanisms
      • Specifications
        • Window Regulator Electric Drive Current Draw Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Glass, Frames & Mechanisms
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Glass, Frames & Mechanisms
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All the Power Windows are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Power Window is Inoperative - Driver
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Power Window is Inoperative - Passenger Front
            • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Power Window is Inoperative - Passenger Rear
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Defrost System is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC B1349 - Heated Backlite Relay Short to Battery
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Defrost System Does Not Shut Off Automatically
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Defrost System is Inoperative - ON Indicator
          • Component Tests
            • Grid Wire Test
      • General Procedures
        • Window Grid Wire Repair
        • Lead Terminal Repair
        • Window Glass Adjustment
          • Front Door Window Glass Adjustment
          • Rear Door Window Glass Adjustment
        • Glass Reseal - Windshield
        • Glass Reseal - Rear
      • Removal & Installation
        • Windshield Glass
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Glass, Frames & Mechanisms - Exploded View, Front Door
        • Window Glass - Front Door
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Window Regulator & Motor - Front Door
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Window Regulator Motor - Front Door
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Glass Top Run - Front
          • Removal & Installation
        • Glass, Frames & Mechanisms - Exploded View, Rear Door
        • Window Glass - Rear Door
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Window Regulator & Motor - Rear Door
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Window Regulator Motor - Rear Door
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Window Glass - Rear Quarter
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Rear
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Control Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
  • Wiper/Washer Systems
    • Wiper System & Washer System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Wipers & Washers
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Wipers & Washers
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Wipers are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Wipers Stay On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test C: The High/Low Wiper Speeds Do Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Intermittent Wiper Speed Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Washer Pump is Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Wiper Blade & Pivot Arm Adjustment
      • Removal & Installation
        • Wiper & Washer System - Exploded View
        • Wiper Pivot Arm
          • Removal & Installation
        • Wiper Mounting Arm & Pivot Shaft
          • Removal & Installation
        • Wiper Motor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Washer Pump & Reservoir
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
• Body & Frame
  • Door Locks
    • Anti-Theft System - Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats)
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Theft
          • Notes
          • PATS Function
          • Unlimited Key Mode
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Anti-Theft
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTC B2103 - Antenna Not Connected
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1600 - PATS Ignition Key Transponder Signal Is Not Received
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1601 - PATS Received Incorrect Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1602 - PATS Received Invalid Format Of Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1681 - PATS Transceiver Module Signal Is Not Received
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Anti-Theft Indicator Is Always/Never On
      • General Procedures
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Equipment
        • Key Programming Using Two Programmed Keys
        • Anti-Theft Security Access
        • Key Programming Switch State Control
        • Spare Key Programming - Using Diagnostic Equipment
        • Spare Key Programming - Unlimited Key Mode
          • Notes
          • Enabling Unlimited Key Mode
          • Disabling Unlimited Key Mode
      • Removal & Installation
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) Transceiver
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
    • Anti-Theft System - Perimeter
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Theft
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Anti-Theft
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Panic Alarm
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Alarm System Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Alarm System Does Not Operate Correctly
      • Removal And Installation
        • Door Disarm Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
    • Handles, Locks, Latches & Entry Systems
      • Specifications
        • Lock Repair/Replacement Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Handles, Locks, Latches & Entry Systems
          • Notes
          • Lock Cylinders
          • Luggage Compartment Lid Latch
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Locks, Latches & Entry Systems
          • Notes
          • Principles Of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From One Switch
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Luggage Compartment Lid Is Inoperative - Without Police Package
            • Pinpoint Test C: All Door Locks Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: A Single/More Than One Door Lock Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Keyless Entry Keypad
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Autolock Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Smart Lock Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Luggage Compartment Lid Is Inoperative Using The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test J: Panic Feature Is Inoperative Or Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Keyless Entry Keypad Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Auto-Unlock Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Transmitter Is Out Of Synchronization
            • Pinpoint Test N: All Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Transmitters Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Transmitter Has Poor Range Performance
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Luggage Compartment Lid Is Inoperative - With Police Package
      • General Procedures
        • Remote Keyless Entry Transmitter Programming
        • Keyless Entry Keypad Code Programming
        • AUTOLOCK & Horn Chirp Programming
          • Autolock
          • Auto-Unlock
      • Removal & Installation
        • Hood Latch & Components - Exploded View
        • Hood Latch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Hood Latch Release Handle
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Door Handles, Locks & Latches - Exploded View
        • Front Door Latch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Door Lock Actuator
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Ajar Switch - Front
          • Removal & Installation
        • Exterior Front Door Handle
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Lock Cylinder
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear Door Handles, Locks & Latches - Exploded View
        • Rear Door Latch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear Door Lock Actuator
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Ajar Switch - Rear Door
          • Removal & Installation
        • Exterior Rear Door Handle
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Latch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Lock Cylinder
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Ignition Lock Cylinder - Functional
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Ignition Lock Cylinder - Non Functional
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Lock Control Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Keyless Entry Keypad
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Antenna
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
  • Exterior Body Panels
    • Body Panel System - Body Closures
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • General Procedures
        • Door Alignment - Front
        • Door Alignment - Rear
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Alignment
        • Striker Adjustment
        • Torsion Bar Loading
      • Removal And Installation
        • Door - Front
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Door - Rear
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Luggage Compartment Lid
          • Notes
          • Removal
    • Body Panel System - Front End Body Panels
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Removal And Installation
        • Fender Splash Shield - LH
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fender Splash Shield - RH
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fender
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Radiator Grille Opening Panel
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Cowl Panel Grille
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
    • Bumper System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Bumpers
      • Removal And Installation
        • Bumper - Exploded View, Front
        • Bumper Cover - Front
          • Removal And Installation
        • Bumper Isolator - Front
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Bumper - Front
          • Removal And Installation
        • Bumper Bracket - Front
          • Removal And Installation
        • Bumper - Exploded View, Rear
        • Bumper Cover - Rear
          • Removal And Installation
        • Bumper - Rear
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Bumper Bracket - Rear
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Exterior/Interior Trim
    • Exterior Trim & Ornamentation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Quarter Panel Molding
          • Removal And Installation
        • License Plate Housing
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
    • Interior Trim & Ornamentation
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Removal And Installation
        • Interior Trim - Exploded View
        • B-Pillar Trim Panel
          • Removal And Installation
        • Quarter Trim Panel
          • Removal And Installation
        • Parcel Shelf
          • Removal And Installation
        • Door Trim Panel - Front
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Door Trim Panel - Rear
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Headliner
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Frames, Subframes & Crossmembers
    • Body Panel System - Full Frame & Body Mounting
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Frame and Body Mounting
      • Removal And Installation
        • Crossmember - Number 2
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Mirrors
    • Electrical Compass - Electronic Compass
      • Description And Operation
        • Electronic Compass
          • Notes
          • Compass Accuracy
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Electronic Compass
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Compass Is Inaccurate/Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Compass Is Inaccurate/Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Compass Zone Adjustment
        • Compass Calibration
        • Vehicle Demagnetizing
      • Removal And Installation
        • Compass Display and Module
    • Rear View Mirror
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Rear View Mirrors
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Rear View Mirrors
          • Notes
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Mirrors are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Mirror is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Mirror Does Not Function with Switch Logic
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Auto Dimming Mirror Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Heated Exterior Mirror is Inoperative
      • Removal & Installation
        • Exterior Mirrors - Exploded View
        • Exterior Mirror
          • Removal & Installation
        • Exterior Mirror Glass
          • Removal & Installation
        • Exterior Mirror Motor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Exterior Mirror Cover
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Exterior Mirror Control Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Interior Rear View Mirror
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Auto-Dimming Interior Mirror
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Seats
    • Seat System - Seating
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Seats
          • Front Seats
          • Power Seat Track
          • Power Recliner
          • Power Lumbar
          • Seat Side Air Bag
          • Heated Seat
          • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS)
          • Belt Tension Sensor (BTS)
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Seats
          • Notes
          • Restraint System Diagnostic Tool Warning
          • Principles of Operation
            • Front Power Seats
            • Heated Seats
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Notes
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Power Seat is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Power Seat Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically - Driver
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically - Driver
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically - Passenger
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically - Passenger
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Power Seat Does Not Recline - Driver
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: The Power Seat Does Not Recline - Driver
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Power Seat Does Not Recline - Passenger
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: The Power Seat Does Not Recline - Passenger
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Power Seat Moves But is Noisy
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: The Power Seat Moves But Is Noisy
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Power Seat Moves But is Loose
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test G: The Power Seat Moves But Is Loose
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Power Seat Does Not Make Full Travel
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test H: The Power Seat Does Not Make Full Travel
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Power Lumbar is Inoperative - Driver
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test I: The Power Lumbar Is Inoperative - Driver
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Power Lumbar is Inoperative - Passenger
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test J: The Power Lumbar Is Inoperative - Passenger
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Heated Seat is Inoperative - Driver
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test K: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Driver
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Heated Seat is Inoperative - Passenger
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test L: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Passenger
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Heated Seat is Inoperative - Driver, Does Not Operate in High
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test M: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Driver, Does Not Operate In High
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Heated Seat is Inoperative - Driver, Does Not Operate in Low
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test N: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Driver, Does Not Operate In Low
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Heated Seat is Inoperative - Passenger, Does Not Operate in High
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test O: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Passenger, Does Not Operate In High
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Heated Seat is Inoperative - Passenger, Does Not Operate in Low
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test P: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Passenger, Does Not Operate In Low
      • Removal And Installation
        • Seat - Front
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat - Exploded View, Front
        • Seat Backrest - Front
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Recliner - Manual
          • Removal And Installation
        • Seat Recliner - Power
          • Removal And Installation
        • Lumbar Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lumbar Control Switch
          • Removal And Installation
        • Seat Control Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Heated Seat Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Heated Seat Module
          • Removal And Installation
        • Seat Track
          • Removal And Installation
        • Seat - Rear
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Seat Armrest - Rear
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Seat Backrest - Front
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat Cushion - Front
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat Armrest - Rear
          • Notes
          • Disassembly And Assembly
  • Sun Roof/T-Top/Convertible Top
    • Sunroof - Roof Opening Panel
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Roof Opening Panel
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Roof Opening Panel
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Roof Opening Panel
          • Symptom Chart - Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Roof Opening Panel Has Excessive Wind Noise
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Roof Opening Panel Has Excessive Wind Noise
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Roof Opening Panel Leaks
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: The Roof Opening Panel Leaks
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Roof Opening Panel is Noisy During Operation
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: The Roof Opening Panel Is Noisy During Operation
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Roof Opening Panel Does Not Open or Close
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: The Roof Opening Panel Does Not Open Or Close
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Roof Opening Panel Does Not Open or Close in VENT Position
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: The Roof Opening Panel Does Not Open Or Close In Vent Position
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Roof Opening Panel Will Not Slide Closed or Will Not Vent Up
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: The Roof Opening Panel Will Not Slide Closed Or Will Not Vent Up
      • General Procedures
        • Roof Opening Panel Alignment
        • Roof Opening Panel Motor Initialization
      • Removal And Installation
        • Roof Opening Panel - Exploded View
        • Roof Opening Panel
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Roof Opening Panel Glass
          • Removal And Installation
        • Roof Opening Panel Shield
          • Removal And Installation
        • Roof Opening Panel Motor
          • Removal And Installation
  • Windows & Glass - Glass, Frames & Mechanisms
    • Specifications
      • Window Regulator Electric Drive Current Draw Specifications
      • Material Specifications
      • General Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description & Operation
      • Glass, Frames & Mechanisms
    • Diagnostic Tests
      • Glass, Frames & Mechanisms
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: All the Power Windows are Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Power Window is Inoperative - Driver
          • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Power Window is Inoperative - Passenger Front
          • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Power Window is Inoperative - Passenger Rear
          • Pinpoint Test E: The Defrost System is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test F: DTC B1349 - Heated Backlite Relay Short to Battery
          • Pinpoint Test G: The Defrost System Does Not Shut Off Automatically
          • Pinpoint Test H: The Defrost System is Inoperative - ON Indicator
        • Component Tests
          • Grid Wire Test
    • General Procedures
      • Window Grid Wire Repair
      • Lead Terminal Repair
      • Window Glass Adjustment
        • Front Door Window Glass Adjustment
        • Rear Door Window Glass Adjustment
      • Glass Reseal - Windshield
      • Glass Reseal - Rear
    • Removal & Installation
      • Windshield Glass
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Glass, Frames & Mechanisms - Exploded View, Front Door
      • Window Glass - Front Door
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Window Regulator & Motor - Front Door
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Window Regulator Motor - Front Door
        • Removal & Installation
      • Door Glass Top Run - Front
        • Removal & Installation
      • Glass, Frames & Mechanisms - Exploded View, Rear Door
      • Window Glass - Rear Door
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Window Regulator & Motor - Rear Door
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Window Regulator Motor - Rear Door
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Window Glass - Rear Quarter
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Window Glass - Rear
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Window Control Switch
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
• Brakes
  • Anti-Lock Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake System - Vehicle Dynamic Systems
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Anti-Lock Control
          • ABS With Traction Control
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Anti-Lock Control
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTC C1300 - ABS Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC C1145 (RF), C1155 (LF), C1165 (RR), C1175 (LR) - Wheel Speed Sensor Input Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC C1296 (LF), C1297 (RF), C1298 (RR), C1299 (LR) - Wheel Speed Sensor Input Signal Missing
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1484 - Brake Pedal Input Open Circuit
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1676 - Battery Voltage Out of Range
            • Pinpoint Test F: Poor Vehicle Tracking During Anti-Lock Function
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Traction Control is Inoperative/Cannot be Disabled
            • Pinpoint Test H: DTC C1266 - ABS Valve Power Relay Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Traction Control Indicator on the Switch is Always Illuminated
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Traction Control Indicator On the Switch Is Never Illuminated
      • Removal & Installation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Anti-Lock Brake System (Abs) Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Wheel Speed Sensor - Front
          • Removal & Installation
        • Wheel Speed Sensor - Rear
          • Removal & Installation
    • Brake System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Brake System
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Brake System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Hydraulic Brake System
              • Notes
              • Red Brake Warning Indicator
            • Adjustable Pedals
          • Inspection and Verification - Hydraulic Brake System
            • Notes
            • Road Test
            • Brake Pads
            • Brake Discs
            • Brake Calipers
            • Brake Caliper Guide Pins
            • Brake Hoses and Tubes
            • Non-Pressure Leaks
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Normal Conditions
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Abnormal Conditions
            • Brake Booster
            • Parking Brake
          • Symptom Chart - Brake System
          • Symptom Chart - NOISE, VIBRATION & HARSHNESS (NVH)
          • Inspection and Verification - Adjustable Pedals
          • Symptom Chart - Adjustable Pedals
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Adjustable Brake Pedal is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: Adjustable Brake Pedal Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test B: Vibration When the Brakes Are Applied
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: Vibration When The Brakes Are Applied
          • Component Tests
            • Brake Booster
            • Brake Booster Check Valve
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Bypass Condition
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Compensator Port
      • General Procedures
        • Brake Disc Machining
        • Component Bleeding
          • Notes
          • Master Cylinder - Vehicles Equipped With Traction Control
          • Master Cylinder - Vehicles Not Equipped With Traction Control
          • Brake Caliper
        • Brake System Bleeding
          • Notes
          • Pressure Bleeding
          • Manual Bleeding
          • ABS Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU) Bleeding
        • Brake System Leak Check
  • Mechanical - Hydraulic
    • Brake Booster System - Power Brake Actuation
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Brake Booster
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Power Brake System
      • Removal And Installation
        • Brake Booster
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
    • Brake System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Brake System
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Brake System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Hydraulic Brake System
              • Notes
              • Red Brake Warning Indicator
            • Adjustable Pedals
          • Inspection and Verification - Hydraulic Brake System
            • Notes
            • Road Test
            • Brake Pads
            • Brake Discs
            • Brake Calipers
            • Brake Caliper Guide Pins
            • Brake Hoses and Tubes
            • Non-Pressure Leaks
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Normal Conditions
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Abnormal Conditions
            • Brake Booster
            • Parking Brake
          • Symptom Chart - Brake System
          • Symptom Chart - NOISE, VIBRATION & HARSHNESS (NVH)
          • Inspection and Verification - Adjustable Pedals
          • Symptom Chart - Adjustable Pedals
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Adjustable Brake Pedal is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: Adjustable Brake Pedal Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test B: Vibration When the Brakes Are Applied
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: Vibration When The Brakes Are Applied
          • Component Tests
            • Brake Booster
            • Brake Booster Check Valve
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Bypass Condition
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Compensator Port
      • General Procedures
        • Brake Disc Machining
        • Component Bleeding
          • Notes
          • Master Cylinder - Vehicles Equipped With Traction Control
          • Master Cylinder - Vehicles Not Equipped With Traction Control
          • Brake Caliper
        • Brake System Bleeding
          • Notes
          • Pressure Bleeding
          • Manual Bleeding
          • ABS Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU) Bleeding
        • Brake System Leak Check
    • Front Disc Brake System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Front Disc Brake
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Front Disc Brake
      • Removal And Installation
        • Front Brake Pads
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Front Brake Caliper
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Brake Caliper Anchor Plate
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Front Disc Brake
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Front Brake Flexible Hose
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
    • Hydraulic Brake System Actuation
      • Specifications
        • Material
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Hydraulic Brake Actuation
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Hydraulic Brake Actuation
      • General Procedures
        • Adjustable Pedal Indexing
      • Removal And Installation
        • Brake Pedal and Bracket
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Brake Master Cylinder
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Brake Fluid Reservoir
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
    • Rear Disc Brake System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Rear Disc Brake
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Rear Disc Brake
      • Removal And Installation
        • Rear Disc Brake System - Exploded View
        • Rear Brake Caliper
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Brake Pads
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Rear Disc Brake
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Rear Brake Caliper Anchor Plate
          • Removal And Installation
        • Rear Brake Flexible Hose
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
  • Parking Brake System - Parking Brake & Actuation
    • Specifications
      • Material Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description & Operation
      • Parking Brake
    • Diagnostic Tests
      • Parking Brake
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Parking Brake Does Not Apply
          • Pinpoint Test B: The Parking Brake Will Not Release Using the Release Handle
          • Pinpoint Test C: The Parking Brake Will Not Release Using the Automatic Parking Brake Release
    • General Procedures
      • Parking Brake Cable Adjustment
      • Parking Brake Shoe Adjustment
    • Removal & Installation
      • Parking Brake Control
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Parking Brake Cable - Front
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Parking Brake Cable - Rear
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Parking Brake Shoes
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
  • Traction Control
    • Anti-Lock Brake System - Vehicle Dynamic Systems
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Anti-Lock Control
          • ABS With Traction Control
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Anti-Lock Control
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTC C1300 - ABS Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC C1145 (RF), C1155 (LF), C1165 (RR), C1175 (LR) - Wheel Speed Sensor Input Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC C1296 (LF), C1297 (RF), C1298 (RR), C1299 (LR) - Wheel Speed Sensor Input Signal Missing
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1484 - Brake Pedal Input Open Circuit
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1676 - Battery Voltage Out of Range
            • Pinpoint Test F: Poor Vehicle Tracking During Anti-Lock Function
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Traction Control is Inoperative/Cannot be Disabled
            • Pinpoint Test H: DTC C1266 - ABS Valve Power Relay Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Traction Control Indicator on the Switch is Always Illuminated
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Traction Control Indicator On the Switch Is Never Illuminated
      • Removal & Installation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Anti-Lock Brake System (Abs) Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Wheel Speed Sensor - Front
          • Removal & Installation
        • Wheel Speed Sensor - Rear
          • Removal & Installation
    • Brake System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Brake System
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Brake System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Hydraulic Brake System
              • Notes
              • Red Brake Warning Indicator
            • Adjustable Pedals
          • Inspection and Verification - Hydraulic Brake System
            • Notes
            • Road Test
            • Brake Pads
            • Brake Discs
            • Brake Calipers
            • Brake Caliper Guide Pins
            • Brake Hoses and Tubes
            • Non-Pressure Leaks
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Normal Conditions
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Abnormal Conditions
            • Brake Booster
            • Parking Brake
          • Symptom Chart - Brake System
          • Symptom Chart - NOISE, VIBRATION & HARSHNESS (NVH)
          • Inspection and Verification - Adjustable Pedals
          • Symptom Chart - Adjustable Pedals
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Adjustable Brake Pedal is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: Adjustable Brake Pedal Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test B: Vibration When the Brakes Are Applied
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: Vibration When The Brakes Are Applied
          • Component Tests
            • Brake Booster
            • Brake Booster Check Valve
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Bypass Condition
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Compensator Port
      • General Procedures
        • Brake Disc Machining
        • Component Bleeding
          • Notes
          • Master Cylinder - Vehicles Equipped With Traction Control
          • Master Cylinder - Vehicles Not Equipped With Traction Control
          • Brake Caliper
        • Brake System Bleeding
          • Notes
          • Pressure Bleeding
          • Manual Bleeding
          • ABS Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU) Bleeding
        • Brake System Leak Check
• Drivelines & Axles
  • Axle Shafts
    • Driveline System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Driveline System
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Driveline System
          • Notes
          • Driveline System - General Information
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Driveline System
          • Symptom Chart - Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)
          • Component Tests
      • General Procedures
        • Driveline Angle Measurement
        • Driveshaft Indexing
        • Driveshaft Runout and Balancing
          • Notes
          • Driveshaft Inspection
          • Driveshaft Runout
          • Driveshaft Balancing - Using the MTS 4000
          • Driveshaft Balancing - Hose Clamp Method
  • Differentials & Drive Axles
    • Driveline System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Driveline System
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Driveline System
          • Notes
          • Driveline System - General Information
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Driveline System
          • Symptom Chart - Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)
          • Component Tests
      • General Procedures
        • Driveline Angle Measurement
        • Driveshaft Indexing
        • Driveshaft Runout and Balancing
          • Notes
          • Driveshaft Inspection
          • Driveshaft Runout
          • Driveshaft Balancing - Using the MTS 4000
          • Driveshaft Balancing - Hose Clamp Method
    • Rear Drive Axle, Differential - Ford 8.8-Inch Ring Gear
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Rear Drive Axle & Differential
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Rear Drive Axle & Differential
      • In-Vehicle Servicing
        • Axle Shaft
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Wheel Bearing & Axle Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Drive Pinion Flange & Drive Pinion Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Housing Cover
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Case
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Ring & Pinion
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Bearings
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Removal & Installation
        • Axle Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Carrier
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly & Assembly
        • Differential Case & Ring Gear - Conventional
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Differential Case & Ring Gear - Traction-LOK®
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
  • Driveshaft & Universal Joints
    • Driveline System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Driveline System
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Driveline System
          • Notes
          • Driveline System - General Information
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Driveline System
          • Symptom Chart - Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)
          • Component Tests
      • General Procedures
        • Driveline Angle Measurement
        • Driveshaft Indexing
        • Driveshaft Runout and Balancing
          • Notes
          • Driveshaft Inspection
          • Driveshaft Runout
          • Driveshaft Balancing - Using the MTS 4000
          • Driveshaft Balancing - Hose Clamp Method
    • Driveshaft
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Driveshaft
        • Universal Joints
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Driveshaft
      • Removal And Installation
        • Driveshaft
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Driveshaft Universal Joint
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
• Electrical
  • Body Electrical
    • Charging System (Battery, Mounting And Cables)
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Battery And Cables
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Battery
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Battery Eye Operation
            • Charging a Battery
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Battery Condition Test
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: Battery Condition Test
      • General Procedures
        • Battery Disconnect
      • Removal And Installation
        • Battery And Battery Tray - Exploded View
        • Battery
          • Removal And Installation
        • Battery Tray
          • Removal And Installation
        • Battery Cables
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
    • Fuse And Relay Location
      • Identification
        • Notes
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB)
        • Emergency Flasher Relay Block
        • Fusible Links A & B
        • Police Auxiliary Junction Box Rear
        • Police GLOVEBOX Relay/Fuse Center
        • Police Light Bar Relay/Fuse Center
        • Police Trunk Relay/Fuse Center
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector Views
        • A/C Compressor Clutch Field Coil Connector - C100
        • Generator Connectors - C102A, C102B
        • Oil Pressure Switch Connector - C103
        • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor Connector - C107
        • Knock Sensor Connector - C109
        • Inline Connectors
          • Inline Connector End View - C110
          • Inline Connector End View - C133
          • Inline Connector End View - C134
          • Inline Connector End View - C139
          • Inline Connector End View - C140
          • Inline Connector End View - C146
          • Inline Connector End View - C173
          • Inline Connector End View - C174
          • Inline Connector End View - C192
          • Inline Connector End View - C211
          • Inline Connector End View - C213
          • Inline Connector End View - C214
          • Inline Connector End View - C237
          • Inline Connector End View - C248
          • Inline Connector End View - C260
          • Inline Connector End View - C263
          • Inline Connector End View - C264
          • Inline Connector End View - C268
          • Inline Connector End View - C275
          • Inline Connector End View - C298
          • Inline Connector End View - C299
          • Inline Connector End View - C311
          • Inline Connector End View - C312
          • Inline Connector End View - C313
          • Inline Connector End View - C315
          • Inline Connector End View - C316
          • Inline Connector End View - C339
          • Inline Connector End View - C340
          • Inline Connector End View - C405
          • Inline Connector End View - C406
          • Inline Connector End View - C408
          • Inline Connector End View - C410
          • Inline Connector End View - C411
          • Inline Connector End View - C422
          • Inline Connector End View - C423
          • Inline Connector End View - C431
          • Inline Connector End View - C465
          • Inline Connector End View - C494
          • Inline Connector End View - C510
          • Inline Connector End View - C610
          • Inline Connector End View - C700
          • Inline Connector End View - C800
          • Inline Connector End View - C913
          • Inline Connector End View - C919
          • Inline Connector End View - C1010
          • Inline Connector End View - C1019
          • Inline Connector End View - - C1352
          • Inline Connector End View - C1386
          • Inline Connector End View - C1393
        • Coil On Plug Connectors
          • Coil On Plug 1 Connector End View - C111
          • Coil On Plug 2 Connector End View - C112
          • Coil On Plug 3 Connector End View - C113
          • Coil On Plug 4 Connector End View - C114
          • Coil On Plug 5 Connector End View - C115
          • Coil On Plug 6 Connector End View - C116
          • Coil On Plug 7 Connector End View - C117
          • Coil On Plug 8 Connector End View - C118
        • Brake Fluid Level Switch Connector - C124
        • Windshield Wiper Motor Connector - C125
        • Mass Air Flow Sensor / Intake Air Temperature Sensor Connector - C128
        • Horn Connector - C131
        • Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Connector - C132
        • Anti-Lock Brake System Module Connector - C135
        • Windshield Washer Pump Motor Connector - C137
        • Washer Fluid Level Switch Connector - C138
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 22 Connector - C141
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 12 Connector - C142
        • Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor Connector - C143
        • Front Flasher Connector - C144
        • Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C150
        • Left Front Cornering Lamp Connector - C151
        • Left Front Fog Lamp Connector - C152
        • Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C160
        • Right Front Cornering Lamp Connector - C161
        • Right Front Fog Lamp Connector - C162
        • Digital Transmission Range Sensor Connector - C167
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 11 Connector - C171
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 21 Connector - C172
        • Powertrain Control Module Connectors
          • Powertrain Control Module Connector End View - C175B
          • Powertrain Control Module Connector End View - C175T
        • Powertrain Control Module Connector - C175E
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector - C180
        • Fuel Injector Connectors
          • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View - C181
          • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View - C182
          • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View - C183
          • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View - C184
          • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View - C185
          • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View - C186
          • Fuel Injector 7 Connector End View - C187
          • Fuel Injector 8 Connector End View - C188
        • Starter Motor Connectors
          • Starter Motor Connector End View - C197A
          • Starter Motor Connector End View - C197B
        • Multifunction Switch Connectors
          • Multifunction Switch Connector End View - C202A
          • Multifunction Switch Connector End View - C202B
          • Multifunction Switch Connector End View - C202C
        • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connectors
          • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connector End View - C203
          • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connector End View - C2330A
          • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connector End View - C2330B
        • Main Light Switch Connectors
          • Main Light Switch Connector End View - C205A
          • Main Light Switch Connector End View - C205B
        • Horn Switch Connectors
          • Horn Switch Connector End View - C217A
          • Horn Switch Connector End View - C217B
        • Clockspring Connectors
          • Clockspring Connector End View - C218A
          • Clockspring Connector End View - C218B
        • EATC HVAC Module Connector
          • EATC HVAC Module Connector End View - C228A
          • EATC HVAC Module Connector End View - C228B
        • In-Vehicle Temperature Sensor Connector - C233
        • Audio Unit Connectors
          • Audio Unit Connector End View - C240
          • Audio Unit Connector End View - C290A
          • Audio Unit Connector End View - C290C
        • Rear Window Defrost Switch Connectors - C241
        • Ignition Switch Connector - C250
        • Data Link Connector - C251
        • Message Center Switch Connector - C253
        • Glove Box Lamp Connector - C254
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connectors - C256
        • Speed Control Deactivator Switch Connector - C277
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector - C278
        • Transmission Control Switch Connector - C279
        • Traction Control Switch Connector - C280
        • Autolamp Sensor Connector - C287
        • Temperature Blend Door Actuator Connector - C289
        • Climate Control Assembly Connectors
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294A
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294B
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294C
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294D
        • Passenger Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector - C303
        • Right Side Impact Sensor Connector - C304
        • Left Side Impact Sensor Connector - C305
        • Restraints Control Module Connectors
          • Restraints Control Module Connector End View - C310A
          • Restraints Control Module Connector End View - C310B
        • Passenger Side Front Heated Seat Module Connector - C329
        • Passenger Side Lumbar Adjust Switch Connector - C331
        • Right Front Seat Cushion Heater Connector - C334
        • Right Front Seat Back Heater Connector - C335
        • Passenger Seat Lumbar Compressor Motor Connector - C336
        • Right Side Air Bag Module Connector - C337
        • Passenger Seat Recliner Motor Connector - C338
        • Left Power Seat Motor Assembly Connector - C353
        • Driver Side Seat Position Sensor Connector - C356
        • Driver Side Front Heated Seat Module Connector - C359
        • Driver Side Lumbar Adjust Switch Connector - C361
        • Left Front Seat Cushion Heater Connector - C364
        • Left Front Seat Back Heater Connector - C365
        • Driver Seat Lumbar Compressor Motor Connector - C366
        • Left Side Air Bag Module Connector - C367
        • Driver Seat Recliner Motor Connector - C368
        • Antenna Module Connector
          • Antenna Module Connector End View - C402A
          • Antenna Module Connector End View - C402B
        • Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C426
        • Luggage Compartment Lamp Connector - C428
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Solenoid Connector - C430
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector - C433
        • Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C440
        • Evaporative Emissions Canister Vent Control Solenoid Connector - C450
        • Left Reversing Lamp Connector - C451
        • Right Reversing Lamp Connector - C461
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector - C466
        • High Mounted Stoplamp Connector - C475
        • Left Rear Speaker Connector - C484
        • Right Rear Speaker Connector - C485
        • License Lamps Connector - C490
        • Driver Door Module Connectors
          • Driver Door Module Connector End View - C501A
          • Driver Door Module Connector End View - C501B
          • Driver Door Module Connector End View - C501C
        • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector
          • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View - C504A
          • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View - C504B
        • Driver Side Door Lock Switch Connector - C505
        • Left Exterior Rear View Mirror Connector - C516
        • Driver Side Front Seat Adjust Switch Connector - C519
        • Left Front Speaker Connector - C523
        • Driver Side Front Power Window Motor Connector - C524
        • Left Front Door Lock Actuator Connector - C525
        • Driver Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Driver Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C526A
          • Driver Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C526B
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector - C527
        • Keyless Entry Keypad Connector - C530
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Switch 1 Connector - C534
        • Driver Side Seat Heater Switch Connector - C538
        • Passenger Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Passenger Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C602A
          • Passenger Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C602B
        • Passenger Side Door Lock Actuator Connector - C603
        • Passenger Side Door Lock Switch Connector - C605
        • Passenger Side Front Power Window Motor Connector - C608
        • Right Front Speaker Connector - C612
        • Right Exterior Rear View Mirror Connector - C622
        • Right Side Front Power Window Switch Connector - C624
        • Passenger Side Front Seat Adjust Switch Connector - C627
        • Passenger Side Seat Heater Switch Connector - C630
        • Left Rear Window Adjust Switch Connector - C701
        • Left Rear Power Window Motor Connector - C703
        • Left Rear Door Lock Actuator Connector - C704
        • Driver Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Driver Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C715A
          • Driver Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C715B
        • Right Rear Window Adjust Switch Connector - C801
        • Right Rear Power Window Motor Connector - C803
        • Right Rear Door Lock Actuator Connector - C804
        • Passenger Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Passenger Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C820A
          • Passenger Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C820B
        • Right Vanity Mirror Lamp Connector - C906
        • Left Vanity Mirror Lamp Connector - C907
        • Electrochromatic Inside Mirror Unit Connector - C911
        • Rear Interior Lamp/ Map Lamp Assembly Connector - C932
        • Map Reading Lamps Connector - C978
        • Taxi Roof Lamp Connector - C994
        • Left Headlamp Connector
          • Left Headlamp Connector End View - C1021
          • Left Headlamp Connector End View - C1284
        • Left Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector
          • Left Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1023
          • Left Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1115
        • Battery Junction Box Connector - C1035
        • Right Headlamp Connector - C1041, C1285
          • Right Headlamp Connector End View - C1041
          • Right Headlamp Connector End View - C1285
        • Right Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector
          • Right Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1043
          • Right Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1116
        • Engine Cooling Fan Module Connector - C1048
        • EGR System Module Connector - C1068
        • Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor / Fuel Rail Temperature Sensor Connector - C1073
        • A/C Compressor Cycling Switch Connector - C1081
        • Battery Connectors
          • Battery Connector End View - C1100A
          • Battery Connector End View - C1100B
        • Output Shaft Speed Sensor Connector - C1107
        • Left Front Parking Lamp Connector - C1113
        • Right Front Parking Lamp Connector - C1114
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector - C1120
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch Connector - C1121
        • Air Suspension Compressor Assembly Connector - C1179
        • Evaporative Emissions Canister Purge Valve Connector - C1195
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor Connector - C1196
        • Blower Motor Connector - C1227
        • A/C Pressure Transducer Connector - C1260
        • 4R70E Automatic Transmission Vehicle Harness Connector - C1274
        • Blower Motor Speed Control Connector - C1308
        • Blower Motor Resistor Connector - C1349
        • Wig-Wag Module Connector - C1365
        • Electronic Throttle Control Motor Connector - C1368
        • Throttle Position Sensor Connector - C1449
        • Left Front Impact Severity Sensor Connector - C1465
        • Right Front Impact Severity Sensor Connector - C1466
        • Heated Positive Crankcase Ventilation Connector - C1470
        • Siren Speaker Connector - C1471
        • Left Front Strobe Assembly Connector - C1478
        • Right Front Strobe Assembly Connector - C1479
        • Left Grille Strobe Assembly Connector - C1480
        • Right Grille Strobe Assembly Connector - C1481
        • Adjustable Pedal Motor Connector - C2003
        • Passive Anti-Theft System Transceiver Connector - C2007
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector - C2008
        • Park Brake Switch Connector - C2015
        • Front Cigar Lighter Connector - C2031
        • Power Point Connectors - C2033
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Connector - C2040
        • Left Footwell Courtesy Lamp Connector - C2056
        • Right Footwell Courtesy Lamp Connector - C2057
        • Adjustable Pedal Switch Connector - C2089
        • Vehicle Dynamics Module Connector
          • Vehicle Dynamics Module Connector End View - C2131A
          • Vehicle Dynamics Module Connector End View - C2131B
        • Lighting Control Module Connectors
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145A
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145B
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145C
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145D
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Switch 2 Connector - C2203
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Switch 3 Connector - C2204
        • Left Side Spot Lamp Connector - C2205
        • Right Side Spot Lamp Connector - C2206
        • Audio Control Switch / Climate Control Switch Connector - C2208
        • Taxi Roof Lamp Switch Connector - C2213
        • Instrument Cluster Connectors - C2220
        • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation Indicator Connector - C2286
        • Deployable Steering Column Connector - C2318
        • Driver Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector - C3014
        • Right Power Seat Motor Assembly Connector - C3015
        • Occupant Classification Sensor Connector - C3042
        • Occupant Classification System Module Connector - C3043
        • Driver Side Safety Belt Sensor Connector - C3065
        • Passenger Side Safety Belt Sensor Connector - C3066
        • Antenna Connector - C3183
        • Strobe/Light Bar Control Switch Connector - C3257A
        • Strobe/Light Bar Control Switches Connector - C3257B
        • Fire Suppression Module Connector - C3281A
        • Fire Suppression System Module Connectors - C3281B
        • Fuel Pump Driver Module Connector - C4033
        • Air Suspension Height Sensor Connector - C4043
        • Left Rear Air Spring Solenoid Valve Connector - C4044
        • Right Rear Air Spring Solenoid Valve Connector - C4045
        • Air Suspension Disable Switch Connector - C4087
        • Left Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 1 Connector - C4112
        • Left Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 2 Connector - C4113
        • Right Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 1 Connector - C4114
        • Right Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 2 Connector - C4115
        • Left Rear Police Flasher Lamp Connector - C4163
        • Right Rear Police Flasher Lamp Connector - C4164
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Connector - C4168
        • Rear Police Auxiliary Junction Box Connector
          • Rear Police Auxiliary Junction Box Connector End View - C4170A
          • Rear Police Auxiliary Junction Box Connector End View - C4170B
        • Strobe Control Module Connectors
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231A
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231B
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231C
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231D
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231E
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231F
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231G
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231H
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231J
        • Smart Siren Amplifier Connector - C4232
        • Trunk Air Circulation Fan Motor Connector - C4233
        • Rear Deck Led Flasher Connector - C4234
        • Left Rear Strobe Assembly Connector - C4235
        • Right Rear Strobe Assembly Connector - C4236
        • Right Rear Police Tray Lamp Connector - C4298
        • Left Rear Police Tray Lamp Connector - C4299
        • Right Fire Suppressor Connector - C4316
        • Left Fire Suppressor Connector - C4317
        • Trunk Perimeter Disarm Switch Connector - C4330
        • Fire Suppression Manual Switch Connector - C9034
  • Charging Systems
    • Charging System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Charging System
          • Notes
          • Battery
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Charging System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Notes
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Battery is Discharged or Battery Voltage is Low
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Charging System Warning Indicator is On and Any Charging System DTC Stored
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Charging System Warning Indicator is On With the Engine Running and No Charging System DTCs Present
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Generator is Noisy
            • Pinpoint Test E: Radio Interference
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC B1318 or B1676 - Battery Voltage Low or Battery Voltage Out of Range
          • Component Tests
            • Battery - Drain Tests
            • Generator On-Vehicle Tests
            • Generator On-Vehicle Tests - Load Test
            • Generator On-Vehicle Tests - No Load Test
    • Charging System - Generator & Regulator
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Generator
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Generator
      • Removal And Installation
        • Generator
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
  • Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Imported Cars & Trucks
        • ACURA
        • AUDI
        • BENTLEY
        • BMW
        • DAIHATSU
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • FERRARI
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • HONDA
        • HYUNDAI
        • INFINITI
        • ISUZU
        • Jaguar
        • KIA
        • Land Rover
        • LEXUS
        • MAZDA
        • MERCEDES-BENZ
        • MITSUBISHI
        • NISSAN
        • PEUGEOT
        • PORSCHE
        • RENAULT
        • Rolls-ROYCE
        • SAAB
        • SUBARU
        • SUZUKI
        • TOYOTA
        • VOLKSWAGEN
        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
      • Grounds
      • Splices
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fuses & Circuit Breakers
    • Fuse And Relay Location
      • Identification
        • Notes
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB)
        • Emergency Flasher Relay Block
        • Fusible Links A & B
        • Police Auxiliary Junction Box Rear
        • Police GLOVEBOX Relay/Fuse Center
        • Police Light Bar Relay/Fuse Center
        • Police Trunk Relay/Fuse Center
  • Gauges
    • Information Center - Instrument Cluster (Ic), Message Center, & Warning Chimes
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster (Ic)
        • Information And Message Center
        • Warning Chimes
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Instrument Cluster (Ic), Message Center And Warning Chimes
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Instrument Cluster
              • Instrument Cluster Prove-Out
              • Fuel Gauge
              • Flex Fuel
              • Engine Coolant Temperature Gauge
              • Tachometer
              • Speedometer
              • Charging System Warning Indicator
              • BRAKE Warning Indicator
              • ABS Warning Indicator
              • Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL)
              • Low Fuel Warning Indicator (If Equipped)
              • Air Bag Warning Indicator
              • Safety Belt Warning Indicator
              • Low Oil Pressure Warning Indicator
              • Door/Trunk Ajar Indicator
              • Turn Signal Indicators
              • High Beam Indicator
              • Speed Control Indicator
              • Powertrain Malfunction (Wrench) Warning Indicator
              • Check Fuel Cap Warning Indicator
              • O/D OFF Indicator
              • Engine Coolant Over Temperature Warning Indicator
              • Traction Control Indicator
              • Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)
              • Air Suspension Indicator (If Equipped)
              • Fire Suppression Indicator (Police)
              • Engine Idle Hour Meter (Police)
            • Information And Message Center
              • Notes
              • Information Displays
              • Setup Displays
              • System Check Displays
              • System Warnings
            • Warning Chimes
              • Notes
              • Safety Belt Warning Chime
              • Belt-Minder®
              • Key-In-Ignition Warning Chime
              • Headlamps On Warning Chime
              • Turn Signal On Warning Chime
              • Door Ajar Warning Chime
              • Air Bag Warning Chime
              • Message Center Warning Chime
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Instrument Cluster (IC) Self-Diagnostic Mode
          • Symptom Charts
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Instrument Cluster (IC) Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Instrument Cluster (Ic) Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test C: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Tachometer Is Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: The Tachometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Speedometer/Odometer Is Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: The Speedometer/Odometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Low Fuel Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: The Low Fuel Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)/Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test G: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Check Fuel Cap Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test H: The Check Fuel Cap Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test I: The BRAKE Warning Indicator Is Never On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test I: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test J: The BRAKE Warning Indicator Is Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test J: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Always On
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Charging System Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test K: The Charging System Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Fire Suppression System Indicator Is Never On (Police Vehicles Only)
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test L: The Fire Suppression System Indicator Is Never On (Police Vehicles Only)
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Fire Suppression System Indicator Is Always On (Police Vehicles Only)
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test M: The Fire Suppression System Indicator Is Always On (Police Vehicles Only)
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Air Suspension Indicator Is Never/Always On (If Equipped)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test N: The Air Suspension Indicator Is Never/Always On (If Equipped)
            • Pinpoint Test O: The High Beam Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test O: The High Beam Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test O: The LH/RH Turn Indicator Is Never On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test P: The LH/RH Turn Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The ABS Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Q: The Abs Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Traction Control Indicator Is Never/Always On (If Equipped)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test R: The Traction Control Indicator Is Never/Always On (If Equipped)
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Low Oil Pressure Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test S: The Low Oil Pressure Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test T: The Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test T: The Malfunction Indicator Lamp (Mil) Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test U: The Air Bag Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test U: The Air Bag Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test V: The Speed Control Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test V: The Speed Control Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test W: The Powertrain Malfunction (Wrench) Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test W: The Powertrain Malfunction (Wrench) Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test X: The Door/Trunk Ajar Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)/Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test X: The Door/Trunk Ajar Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test Y: The O/D OFF Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Y: The O/D Off Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test Z: The Engine Coolant Over Temperature Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Z: The Engine Coolant Over Temperature Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test AA: The Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Aa: The Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test AB: The Engine Idle Hour Meter Is Inoperative (If Equipped)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ab: The Engine Idle Hour Meter Is Inoperative (If Equipped)
            • Pinpoint Test AC: The Message Center Is Not Operating Correctly
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ac: The Message Center Is Not Operating Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test AD: The Message Center Switch Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ad: The Message Center Switch Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test AE: The LOW WASHER FLUID LEVEL Message Is Inoperative/Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AE: The Low Washer Fluid Level Message Is Inoperative/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test AF: The DOOR AJAR Warning Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AF: The Door Ajar Warning Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test AG: The TRUNK AJAR Message Is Inoperative/Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ag: The Trunk Ajar Message Is Inoperative/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test AH: The Headlamps On Warning Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ah: The Headlamps On Warning Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test AI: The Air Bag/Safety Belt Warning Chime Is Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ai: The Air Bag/Safety Belt Warning Chime Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test AJ: The Key-In-Ignition Warning Chime Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AJ: The Key-In-Ignition Warning Chime Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test AK: The Door Ajar Warning Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AK: The Door Ajar Warning Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test AL: The Chime Sounds When The Driver Door Is Ajar (No Key In Ignition And Headlamps Off)
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Al: The Chime Sounds When The Driver Door Is Ajar (No Key In Ignition And Headlamps Off)
            • Pinpoint Test AM: The Turn Signal On Warning Chime Is Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Am: The Turn Signal On Warning Chime Is Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Belt-Minder® Deactivating/Activating
          • Preparation
          • Deactivating/Activating
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Cluster (Ic)
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Cluster (Ic) Lens
          • Removal And Installation
        • Message Center Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
    • Information System & Entertainment System
      • Description & Operation
        • Information & Entertainment System
          • Audio Line-Up
          • Radio Frequency Interference Suppression Equipment
          • Antenna
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Information & Entertainment System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Audio Unit Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test B: Poor Reception
            • Pinpoint Test C: Poor Quality/Distorted/No Sound From One Or More Speakers
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Steering Wheel Controls Are Inoperative/Do Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Subwoofer Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
      • General Procedures
        • Audio Unit Part Number Retrieval
      • Removal & Installation
        • Antenna Lead-In Cable
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Antenna Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Audio Unit
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Speaker
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Parcel Shelf Speaker
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Wheel Controls
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Subwoofer Speaker
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
    • Instrument Cluster Illumination & Instrument Panel Illumination
      • Description & Operation
        • Instrument Cluster & Panel Illumination
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Instrument Cluster & Panel Illumination
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Control Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Instrument Cluster (IC) Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Climate Control Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Audio System Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Steering Wheel Control Switch(es) Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: A Single Illumination Source Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Instrument Panel Illumination Does Not Dim
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Overhead Console (With Moonroof) Illumination Is Inoperative
      • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Panel Dimmer Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
    • Instrument Panel & Console
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Cluster Finish Panel
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Console - Floor
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Console Finish Panel - Floor
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Console - Overhead
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
  • Horns
    • Horn System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Horn
          • Notes
          • Horn Location
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Horn
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Horn Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Horn Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Horn Is Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: The Horn Is Always On
  • Motors, Switches, Relays
    • Charging System (Battery, Mounting And Cables)
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Battery And Cables
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Battery
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Battery Eye Operation
            • Charging a Battery
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Battery Condition Test
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: Battery Condition Test
      • General Procedures
        • Battery Disconnect
      • Removal And Installation
        • Battery And Battery Tray - Exploded View
        • Battery
          • Removal And Installation
        • Battery Tray
          • Removal And Installation
        • Battery Cables
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
    • Fuse And Relay Location
      • Identification
        • Notes
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB)
        • Emergency Flasher Relay Block
        • Fusible Links A & B
        • Police Auxiliary Junction Box Rear
        • Police GLOVEBOX Relay/Fuse Center
        • Police Light Bar Relay/Fuse Center
        • Police Trunk Relay/Fuse Center
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector Views
        • A/C Compressor Clutch Field Coil Connector - C100
        • Generator Connectors - C102A, C102B
        • Oil Pressure Switch Connector - C103
        • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor Connector - C107
        • Knock Sensor Connector - C109
        • Inline Connectors
          • Inline Connector End View - C110
          • Inline Connector End View - C133
          • Inline Connector End View - C134
          • Inline Connector End View - C139
          • Inline Connector End View - C140
          • Inline Connector End View - C146
          • Inline Connector End View - C173
          • Inline Connector End View - C174
          • Inline Connector End View - C192
          • Inline Connector End View - C211
          • Inline Connector End View - C213
          • Inline Connector End View - C214
          • Inline Connector End View - C237
          • Inline Connector End View - C248
          • Inline Connector End View - C260
          • Inline Connector End View - C263
          • Inline Connector End View - C264
          • Inline Connector End View - C268
          • Inline Connector End View - C275
          • Inline Connector End View - C298
          • Inline Connector End View - C299
          • Inline Connector End View - C311
          • Inline Connector End View - C312
          • Inline Connector End View - C313
          • Inline Connector End View - C315
          • Inline Connector End View - C316
          • Inline Connector End View - C339
          • Inline Connector End View - C340
          • Inline Connector End View - C405
          • Inline Connector End View - C406
          • Inline Connector End View - C408
          • Inline Connector End View - C410
          • Inline Connector End View - C411
          • Inline Connector End View - C422
          • Inline Connector End View - C423
          • Inline Connector End View - C431
          • Inline Connector End View - C465
          • Inline Connector End View - C494
          • Inline Connector End View - C510
          • Inline Connector End View - C610
          • Inline Connector End View - C700
          • Inline Connector End View - C800
          • Inline Connector End View - C913
          • Inline Connector End View - C919
          • Inline Connector End View - C1010
          • Inline Connector End View - C1019
          • Inline Connector End View - - C1352
          • Inline Connector End View - C1386
          • Inline Connector End View - C1393
        • Coil On Plug Connectors
          • Coil On Plug 1 Connector End View - C111
          • Coil On Plug 2 Connector End View - C112
          • Coil On Plug 3 Connector End View - C113
          • Coil On Plug 4 Connector End View - C114
          • Coil On Plug 5 Connector End View - C115
          • Coil On Plug 6 Connector End View - C116
          • Coil On Plug 7 Connector End View - C117
          • Coil On Plug 8 Connector End View - C118
        • Brake Fluid Level Switch Connector - C124
        • Windshield Wiper Motor Connector - C125
        • Mass Air Flow Sensor / Intake Air Temperature Sensor Connector - C128
        • Horn Connector - C131
        • Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Connector - C132
        • Anti-Lock Brake System Module Connector - C135
        • Windshield Washer Pump Motor Connector - C137
        • Washer Fluid Level Switch Connector - C138
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 22 Connector - C141
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 12 Connector - C142
        • Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor Connector - C143
        • Front Flasher Connector - C144
        • Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C150
        • Left Front Cornering Lamp Connector - C151
        • Left Front Fog Lamp Connector - C152
        • Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C160
        • Right Front Cornering Lamp Connector - C161
        • Right Front Fog Lamp Connector - C162
        • Digital Transmission Range Sensor Connector - C167
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 11 Connector - C171
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 21 Connector - C172
        • Powertrain Control Module Connectors
          • Powertrain Control Module Connector End View - C175B
          • Powertrain Control Module Connector End View - C175T
        • Powertrain Control Module Connector - C175E
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector - C180
        • Fuel Injector Connectors
          • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View - C181
          • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View - C182
          • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View - C183
          • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View - C184
          • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View - C185
          • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View - C186
          • Fuel Injector 7 Connector End View - C187
          • Fuel Injector 8 Connector End View - C188
        • Starter Motor Connectors
          • Starter Motor Connector End View - C197A
          • Starter Motor Connector End View - C197B
        • Multifunction Switch Connectors
          • Multifunction Switch Connector End View - C202A
          • Multifunction Switch Connector End View - C202B
          • Multifunction Switch Connector End View - C202C
        • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connectors
          • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connector End View - C203
          • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connector End View - C2330A
          • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connector End View - C2330B
        • Main Light Switch Connectors
          • Main Light Switch Connector End View - C205A
          • Main Light Switch Connector End View - C205B
        • Horn Switch Connectors
          • Horn Switch Connector End View - C217A
          • Horn Switch Connector End View - C217B
        • Clockspring Connectors
          • Clockspring Connector End View - C218A
          • Clockspring Connector End View - C218B
        • EATC HVAC Module Connector
          • EATC HVAC Module Connector End View - C228A
          • EATC HVAC Module Connector End View - C228B
        • In-Vehicle Temperature Sensor Connector - C233
        • Audio Unit Connectors
          • Audio Unit Connector End View - C240
          • Audio Unit Connector End View - C290A
          • Audio Unit Connector End View - C290C
        • Rear Window Defrost Switch Connectors - C241
        • Ignition Switch Connector - C250
        • Data Link Connector - C251
        • Message Center Switch Connector - C253
        • Glove Box Lamp Connector - C254
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connectors - C256
        • Speed Control Deactivator Switch Connector - C277
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector - C278
        • Transmission Control Switch Connector - C279
        • Traction Control Switch Connector - C280
        • Autolamp Sensor Connector - C287
        • Temperature Blend Door Actuator Connector - C289
        • Climate Control Assembly Connectors
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294A
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294B
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294C
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294D
        • Passenger Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector - C303
        • Right Side Impact Sensor Connector - C304
        • Left Side Impact Sensor Connector - C305
        • Restraints Control Module Connectors
          • Restraints Control Module Connector End View - C310A
          • Restraints Control Module Connector End View - C310B
        • Passenger Side Front Heated Seat Module Connector - C329
        • Passenger Side Lumbar Adjust Switch Connector - C331
        • Right Front Seat Cushion Heater Connector - C334
        • Right Front Seat Back Heater Connector - C335
        • Passenger Seat Lumbar Compressor Motor Connector - C336
        • Right Side Air Bag Module Connector - C337
        • Passenger Seat Recliner Motor Connector - C338
        • Left Power Seat Motor Assembly Connector - C353
        • Driver Side Seat Position Sensor Connector - C356
        • Driver Side Front Heated Seat Module Connector - C359
        • Driver Side Lumbar Adjust Switch Connector - C361
        • Left Front Seat Cushion Heater Connector - C364
        • Left Front Seat Back Heater Connector - C365
        • Driver Seat Lumbar Compressor Motor Connector - C366
        • Left Side Air Bag Module Connector - C367
        • Driver Seat Recliner Motor Connector - C368
        • Antenna Module Connector
          • Antenna Module Connector End View - C402A
          • Antenna Module Connector End View - C402B
        • Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C426
        • Luggage Compartment Lamp Connector - C428
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Solenoid Connector - C430
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector - C433
        • Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C440
        • Evaporative Emissions Canister Vent Control Solenoid Connector - C450
        • Left Reversing Lamp Connector - C451
        • Right Reversing Lamp Connector - C461
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector - C466
        • High Mounted Stoplamp Connector - C475
        • Left Rear Speaker Connector - C484
        • Right Rear Speaker Connector - C485
        • License Lamps Connector - C490
        • Driver Door Module Connectors
          • Driver Door Module Connector End View - C501A
          • Driver Door Module Connector End View - C501B
          • Driver Door Module Connector End View - C501C
        • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector
          • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View - C504A
          • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View - C504B
        • Driver Side Door Lock Switch Connector - C505
        • Left Exterior Rear View Mirror Connector - C516
        • Driver Side Front Seat Adjust Switch Connector - C519
        • Left Front Speaker Connector - C523
        • Driver Side Front Power Window Motor Connector - C524
        • Left Front Door Lock Actuator Connector - C525
        • Driver Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Driver Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C526A
          • Driver Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C526B
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector - C527
        • Keyless Entry Keypad Connector - C530
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Switch 1 Connector - C534
        • Driver Side Seat Heater Switch Connector - C538
        • Passenger Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Passenger Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C602A
          • Passenger Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C602B
        • Passenger Side Door Lock Actuator Connector - C603
        • Passenger Side Door Lock Switch Connector - C605
        • Passenger Side Front Power Window Motor Connector - C608
        • Right Front Speaker Connector - C612
        • Right Exterior Rear View Mirror Connector - C622
        • Right Side Front Power Window Switch Connector - C624
        • Passenger Side Front Seat Adjust Switch Connector - C627
        • Passenger Side Seat Heater Switch Connector - C630
        • Left Rear Window Adjust Switch Connector - C701
        • Left Rear Power Window Motor Connector - C703
        • Left Rear Door Lock Actuator Connector - C704
        • Driver Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Driver Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C715A
          • Driver Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C715B
        • Right Rear Window Adjust Switch Connector - C801
        • Right Rear Power Window Motor Connector - C803
        • Right Rear Door Lock Actuator Connector - C804
        • Passenger Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Passenger Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C820A
          • Passenger Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C820B
        • Right Vanity Mirror Lamp Connector - C906
        • Left Vanity Mirror Lamp Connector - C907
        • Electrochromatic Inside Mirror Unit Connector - C911
        • Rear Interior Lamp/ Map Lamp Assembly Connector - C932
        • Map Reading Lamps Connector - C978
        • Taxi Roof Lamp Connector - C994
        • Left Headlamp Connector
          • Left Headlamp Connector End View - C1021
          • Left Headlamp Connector End View - C1284
        • Left Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector
          • Left Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1023
          • Left Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1115
        • Battery Junction Box Connector - C1035
        • Right Headlamp Connector - C1041, C1285
          • Right Headlamp Connector End View - C1041
          • Right Headlamp Connector End View - C1285
        • Right Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector
          • Right Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1043
          • Right Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1116
        • Engine Cooling Fan Module Connector - C1048
        • EGR System Module Connector - C1068
        • Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor / Fuel Rail Temperature Sensor Connector - C1073
        • A/C Compressor Cycling Switch Connector - C1081
        • Battery Connectors
          • Battery Connector End View - C1100A
          • Battery Connector End View - C1100B
        • Output Shaft Speed Sensor Connector - C1107
        • Left Front Parking Lamp Connector - C1113
        • Right Front Parking Lamp Connector - C1114
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector - C1120
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch Connector - C1121
        • Air Suspension Compressor Assembly Connector - C1179
        • Evaporative Emissions Canister Purge Valve Connector - C1195
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor Connector - C1196
        • Blower Motor Connector - C1227
        • A/C Pressure Transducer Connector - C1260
        • 4R70E Automatic Transmission Vehicle Harness Connector - C1274
        • Blower Motor Speed Control Connector - C1308
        • Blower Motor Resistor Connector - C1349
        • Wig-Wag Module Connector - C1365
        • Electronic Throttle Control Motor Connector - C1368
        • Throttle Position Sensor Connector - C1449
        • Left Front Impact Severity Sensor Connector - C1465
        • Right Front Impact Severity Sensor Connector - C1466
        • Heated Positive Crankcase Ventilation Connector - C1470
        • Siren Speaker Connector - C1471
        • Left Front Strobe Assembly Connector - C1478
        • Right Front Strobe Assembly Connector - C1479
        • Left Grille Strobe Assembly Connector - C1480
        • Right Grille Strobe Assembly Connector - C1481
        • Adjustable Pedal Motor Connector - C2003
        • Passive Anti-Theft System Transceiver Connector - C2007
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector - C2008
        • Park Brake Switch Connector - C2015
        • Front Cigar Lighter Connector - C2031
        • Power Point Connectors - C2033
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Connector - C2040
        • Left Footwell Courtesy Lamp Connector - C2056
        • Right Footwell Courtesy Lamp Connector - C2057
        • Adjustable Pedal Switch Connector - C2089
        • Vehicle Dynamics Module Connector
          • Vehicle Dynamics Module Connector End View - C2131A
          • Vehicle Dynamics Module Connector End View - C2131B
        • Lighting Control Module Connectors
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145A
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145B
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145C
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145D
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Switch 2 Connector - C2203
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Switch 3 Connector - C2204
        • Left Side Spot Lamp Connector - C2205
        • Right Side Spot Lamp Connector - C2206
        • Audio Control Switch / Climate Control Switch Connector - C2208
        • Taxi Roof Lamp Switch Connector - C2213
        • Instrument Cluster Connectors - C2220
        • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation Indicator Connector - C2286
        • Deployable Steering Column Connector - C2318
        • Driver Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector - C3014
        • Right Power Seat Motor Assembly Connector - C3015
        • Occupant Classification Sensor Connector - C3042
        • Occupant Classification System Module Connector - C3043
        • Driver Side Safety Belt Sensor Connector - C3065
        • Passenger Side Safety Belt Sensor Connector - C3066
        • Antenna Connector - C3183
        • Strobe/Light Bar Control Switch Connector - C3257A
        • Strobe/Light Bar Control Switches Connector - C3257B
        • Fire Suppression Module Connector - C3281A
        • Fire Suppression System Module Connectors - C3281B
        • Fuel Pump Driver Module Connector - C4033
        • Air Suspension Height Sensor Connector - C4043
        • Left Rear Air Spring Solenoid Valve Connector - C4044
        • Right Rear Air Spring Solenoid Valve Connector - C4045
        • Air Suspension Disable Switch Connector - C4087
        • Left Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 1 Connector - C4112
        • Left Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 2 Connector - C4113
        • Right Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 1 Connector - C4114
        • Right Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 2 Connector - C4115
        • Left Rear Police Flasher Lamp Connector - C4163
        • Right Rear Police Flasher Lamp Connector - C4164
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Connector - C4168
        • Rear Police Auxiliary Junction Box Connector
          • Rear Police Auxiliary Junction Box Connector End View - C4170A
          • Rear Police Auxiliary Junction Box Connector End View - C4170B
        • Strobe Control Module Connectors
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231A
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231B
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231C
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231D
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231E
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231F
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231G
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231H
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231J
        • Smart Siren Amplifier Connector - C4232
        • Trunk Air Circulation Fan Motor Connector - C4233
        • Rear Deck Led Flasher Connector - C4234
        • Left Rear Strobe Assembly Connector - C4235
        • Right Rear Strobe Assembly Connector - C4236
        • Right Rear Police Tray Lamp Connector - C4298
        • Left Rear Police Tray Lamp Connector - C4299
        • Right Fire Suppressor Connector - C4316
        • Left Fire Suppressor Connector - C4317
        • Trunk Perimeter Disarm Switch Connector - C4330
        • Fire Suppression Manual Switch Connector - C9034
  • Starter
    • Starting System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Starting System
          • Notes
          • Starting System - Starter Motor
          • Starting System - Starter Relay
          • Starting System - Normal Operation
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Starting System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Starting System - Anti-Theft Intervention
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Engine Does Not Crank
            • Pinpoint Test B: Unusual Starter Noise
          • Component Tests
            • Starter Motor - Motor Feed Circuit
            • Starter Motor - Motor Ground Circuit
      • General Procedures
        • Starter Motor Drive Gear & Flywheel Ring Gear Inspection
      • Removal & Installation
        • Starter Motor Solenoid Relay - ISO Mini
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Starter Motor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector Views
        • A/C Compressor Clutch Field Coil Connector - C100
        • Generator Connectors - C102A, C102B
        • Oil Pressure Switch Connector - C103
        • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor Connector - C107
        • Knock Sensor Connector - C109
        • Inline Connectors
          • Inline Connector End View - C110
          • Inline Connector End View - C133
          • Inline Connector End View - C134
          • Inline Connector End View - C139
          • Inline Connector End View - C140
          • Inline Connector End View - C146
          • Inline Connector End View - C173
          • Inline Connector End View - C174
          • Inline Connector End View - C192
          • Inline Connector End View - C211
          • Inline Connector End View - C213
          • Inline Connector End View - C214
          • Inline Connector End View - C237
          • Inline Connector End View - C248
          • Inline Connector End View - C260
          • Inline Connector End View - C263
          • Inline Connector End View - C264
          • Inline Connector End View - C268
          • Inline Connector End View - C275
          • Inline Connector End View - C298
          • Inline Connector End View - C299
          • Inline Connector End View - C311
          • Inline Connector End View - C312
          • Inline Connector End View - C313
          • Inline Connector End View - C315
          • Inline Connector End View - C316
          • Inline Connector End View - C339
          • Inline Connector End View - C340
          • Inline Connector End View - C405
          • Inline Connector End View - C406
          • Inline Connector End View - C408
          • Inline Connector End View - C410
          • Inline Connector End View - C411
          • Inline Connector End View - C422
          • Inline Connector End View - C423
          • Inline Connector End View - C431
          • Inline Connector End View - C465
          • Inline Connector End View - C494
          • Inline Connector End View - C510
          • Inline Connector End View - C610
          • Inline Connector End View - C700
          • Inline Connector End View - C800
          • Inline Connector End View - C913
          • Inline Connector End View - C919
          • Inline Connector End View - C1010
          • Inline Connector End View - C1019
          • Inline Connector End View - - C1352
          • Inline Connector End View - C1386
          • Inline Connector End View - C1393
        • Coil On Plug Connectors
          • Coil On Plug 1 Connector End View - C111
          • Coil On Plug 2 Connector End View - C112
          • Coil On Plug 3 Connector End View - C113
          • Coil On Plug 4 Connector End View - C114
          • Coil On Plug 5 Connector End View - C115
          • Coil On Plug 6 Connector End View - C116
          • Coil On Plug 7 Connector End View - C117
          • Coil On Plug 8 Connector End View - C118
        • Brake Fluid Level Switch Connector - C124
        • Windshield Wiper Motor Connector - C125
        • Mass Air Flow Sensor / Intake Air Temperature Sensor Connector - C128
        • Horn Connector - C131
        • Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Connector - C132
        • Anti-Lock Brake System Module Connector - C135
        • Windshield Washer Pump Motor Connector - C137
        • Washer Fluid Level Switch Connector - C138
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 22 Connector - C141
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 12 Connector - C142
        • Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor Connector - C143
        • Front Flasher Connector - C144
        • Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C150
        • Left Front Cornering Lamp Connector - C151
        • Left Front Fog Lamp Connector - C152
        • Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C160
        • Right Front Cornering Lamp Connector - C161
        • Right Front Fog Lamp Connector - C162
        • Digital Transmission Range Sensor Connector - C167
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 11 Connector - C171
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 21 Connector - C172
        • Powertrain Control Module Connectors
          • Powertrain Control Module Connector End View - C175B
          • Powertrain Control Module Connector End View - C175T
        • Powertrain Control Module Connector - C175E
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector - C180
        • Fuel Injector Connectors
          • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View - C181
          • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View - C182
          • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View - C183
          • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View - C184
          • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View - C185
          • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View - C186
          • Fuel Injector 7 Connector End View - C187
          • Fuel Injector 8 Connector End View - C188
        • Starter Motor Connectors
          • Starter Motor Connector End View - C197A
          • Starter Motor Connector End View - C197B
        • Multifunction Switch Connectors
          • Multifunction Switch Connector End View - C202A
          • Multifunction Switch Connector End View - C202B
          • Multifunction Switch Connector End View - C202C
        • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connectors
          • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connector End View - C203
          • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connector End View - C2330A
          • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connector End View - C2330B
        • Main Light Switch Connectors
          • Main Light Switch Connector End View - C205A
          • Main Light Switch Connector End View - C205B
        • Horn Switch Connectors
          • Horn Switch Connector End View - C217A
          • Horn Switch Connector End View - C217B
        • Clockspring Connectors
          • Clockspring Connector End View - C218A
          • Clockspring Connector End View - C218B
        • EATC HVAC Module Connector
          • EATC HVAC Module Connector End View - C228A
          • EATC HVAC Module Connector End View - C228B
        • In-Vehicle Temperature Sensor Connector - C233
        • Audio Unit Connectors
          • Audio Unit Connector End View - C240
          • Audio Unit Connector End View - C290A
          • Audio Unit Connector End View - C290C
        • Rear Window Defrost Switch Connectors - C241
        • Ignition Switch Connector - C250
        • Data Link Connector - C251
        • Message Center Switch Connector - C253
        • Glove Box Lamp Connector - C254
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connectors - C256
        • Speed Control Deactivator Switch Connector - C277
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector - C278
        • Transmission Control Switch Connector - C279
        • Traction Control Switch Connector - C280
        • Autolamp Sensor Connector - C287
        • Temperature Blend Door Actuator Connector - C289
        • Climate Control Assembly Connectors
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294A
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294B
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294C
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294D
        • Passenger Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector - C303
        • Right Side Impact Sensor Connector - C304
        • Left Side Impact Sensor Connector - C305
        • Restraints Control Module Connectors
          • Restraints Control Module Connector End View - C310A
          • Restraints Control Module Connector End View - C310B
        • Passenger Side Front Heated Seat Module Connector - C329
        • Passenger Side Lumbar Adjust Switch Connector - C331
        • Right Front Seat Cushion Heater Connector - C334
        • Right Front Seat Back Heater Connector - C335
        • Passenger Seat Lumbar Compressor Motor Connector - C336
        • Right Side Air Bag Module Connector - C337
        • Passenger Seat Recliner Motor Connector - C338
        • Left Power Seat Motor Assembly Connector - C353
        • Driver Side Seat Position Sensor Connector - C356
        • Driver Side Front Heated Seat Module Connector - C359
        • Driver Side Lumbar Adjust Switch Connector - C361
        • Left Front Seat Cushion Heater Connector - C364
        • Left Front Seat Back Heater Connector - C365
        • Driver Seat Lumbar Compressor Motor Connector - C366
        • Left Side Air Bag Module Connector - C367
        • Driver Seat Recliner Motor Connector - C368
        • Antenna Module Connector
          • Antenna Module Connector End View - C402A
          • Antenna Module Connector End View - C402B
        • Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C426
        • Luggage Compartment Lamp Connector - C428
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Solenoid Connector - C430
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector - C433
        • Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C440
        • Evaporative Emissions Canister Vent Control Solenoid Connector - C450
        • Left Reversing Lamp Connector - C451
        • Right Reversing Lamp Connector - C461
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector - C466
        • High Mounted Stoplamp Connector - C475
        • Left Rear Speaker Connector - C484
        • Right Rear Speaker Connector - C485
        • License Lamps Connector - C490
        • Driver Door Module Connectors
          • Driver Door Module Connector End View - C501A
          • Driver Door Module Connector End View - C501B
          • Driver Door Module Connector End View - C501C
        • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector
          • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View - C504A
          • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View - C504B
        • Driver Side Door Lock Switch Connector - C505
        • Left Exterior Rear View Mirror Connector - C516
        • Driver Side Front Seat Adjust Switch Connector - C519
        • Left Front Speaker Connector - C523
        • Driver Side Front Power Window Motor Connector - C524
        • Left Front Door Lock Actuator Connector - C525
        • Driver Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Driver Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C526A
          • Driver Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C526B
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector - C527
        • Keyless Entry Keypad Connector - C530
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Switch 1 Connector - C534
        • Driver Side Seat Heater Switch Connector - C538
        • Passenger Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Passenger Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C602A
          • Passenger Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C602B
        • Passenger Side Door Lock Actuator Connector - C603
        • Passenger Side Door Lock Switch Connector - C605
        • Passenger Side Front Power Window Motor Connector - C608
        • Right Front Speaker Connector - C612
        • Right Exterior Rear View Mirror Connector - C622
        • Right Side Front Power Window Switch Connector - C624
        • Passenger Side Front Seat Adjust Switch Connector - C627
        • Passenger Side Seat Heater Switch Connector - C630
        • Left Rear Window Adjust Switch Connector - C701
        • Left Rear Power Window Motor Connector - C703
        • Left Rear Door Lock Actuator Connector - C704
        • Driver Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Driver Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C715A
          • Driver Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C715B
        • Right Rear Window Adjust Switch Connector - C801
        • Right Rear Power Window Motor Connector - C803
        • Right Rear Door Lock Actuator Connector - C804
        • Passenger Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Passenger Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C820A
          • Passenger Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C820B
        • Right Vanity Mirror Lamp Connector - C906
        • Left Vanity Mirror Lamp Connector - C907
        • Electrochromatic Inside Mirror Unit Connector - C911
        • Rear Interior Lamp/ Map Lamp Assembly Connector - C932
        • Map Reading Lamps Connector - C978
        • Taxi Roof Lamp Connector - C994
        • Left Headlamp Connector
          • Left Headlamp Connector End View - C1021
          • Left Headlamp Connector End View - C1284
        • Left Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector
          • Left Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1023
          • Left Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1115
        • Battery Junction Box Connector - C1035
        • Right Headlamp Connector - C1041, C1285
          • Right Headlamp Connector End View - C1041
          • Right Headlamp Connector End View - C1285
        • Right Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector
          • Right Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1043
          • Right Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1116
        • Engine Cooling Fan Module Connector - C1048
        • EGR System Module Connector - C1068
        • Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor / Fuel Rail Temperature Sensor Connector - C1073
        • A/C Compressor Cycling Switch Connector - C1081
        • Battery Connectors
          • Battery Connector End View - C1100A
          • Battery Connector End View - C1100B
        • Output Shaft Speed Sensor Connector - C1107
        • Left Front Parking Lamp Connector - C1113
        • Right Front Parking Lamp Connector - C1114
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector - C1120
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch Connector - C1121
        • Air Suspension Compressor Assembly Connector - C1179
        • Evaporative Emissions Canister Purge Valve Connector - C1195
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor Connector - C1196
        • Blower Motor Connector - C1227
        • A/C Pressure Transducer Connector - C1260
        • 4R70E Automatic Transmission Vehicle Harness Connector - C1274
        • Blower Motor Speed Control Connector - C1308
        • Blower Motor Resistor Connector - C1349
        • Wig-Wag Module Connector - C1365
        • Electronic Throttle Control Motor Connector - C1368
        • Throttle Position Sensor Connector - C1449
        • Left Front Impact Severity Sensor Connector - C1465
        • Right Front Impact Severity Sensor Connector - C1466
        • Heated Positive Crankcase Ventilation Connector - C1470
        • Siren Speaker Connector - C1471
        • Left Front Strobe Assembly Connector - C1478
        • Right Front Strobe Assembly Connector - C1479
        • Left Grille Strobe Assembly Connector - C1480
        • Right Grille Strobe Assembly Connector - C1481
        • Adjustable Pedal Motor Connector - C2003
        • Passive Anti-Theft System Transceiver Connector - C2007
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector - C2008
        • Park Brake Switch Connector - C2015
        • Front Cigar Lighter Connector - C2031
        • Power Point Connectors - C2033
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Connector - C2040
        • Left Footwell Courtesy Lamp Connector - C2056
        • Right Footwell Courtesy Lamp Connector - C2057
        • Adjustable Pedal Switch Connector - C2089
        • Vehicle Dynamics Module Connector
          • Vehicle Dynamics Module Connector End View - C2131A
          • Vehicle Dynamics Module Connector End View - C2131B
        • Lighting Control Module Connectors
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145A
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145B
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145C
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145D
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Switch 2 Connector - C2203
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Switch 3 Connector - C2204
        • Left Side Spot Lamp Connector - C2205
        • Right Side Spot Lamp Connector - C2206
        • Audio Control Switch / Climate Control Switch Connector - C2208
        • Taxi Roof Lamp Switch Connector - C2213
        • Instrument Cluster Connectors - C2220
        • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation Indicator Connector - C2286
        • Deployable Steering Column Connector - C2318
        • Driver Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector - C3014
        • Right Power Seat Motor Assembly Connector - C3015
        • Occupant Classification Sensor Connector - C3042
        • Occupant Classification System Module Connector - C3043
        • Driver Side Safety Belt Sensor Connector - C3065
        • Passenger Side Safety Belt Sensor Connector - C3066
        • Antenna Connector - C3183
        • Strobe/Light Bar Control Switch Connector - C3257A
        • Strobe/Light Bar Control Switches Connector - C3257B
        • Fire Suppression Module Connector - C3281A
        • Fire Suppression System Module Connectors - C3281B
        • Fuel Pump Driver Module Connector - C4033
        • Air Suspension Height Sensor Connector - C4043
        • Left Rear Air Spring Solenoid Valve Connector - C4044
        • Right Rear Air Spring Solenoid Valve Connector - C4045
        • Air Suspension Disable Switch Connector - C4087
        • Left Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 1 Connector - C4112
        • Left Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 2 Connector - C4113
        • Right Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 1 Connector - C4114
        • Right Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 2 Connector - C4115
        • Left Rear Police Flasher Lamp Connector - C4163
        • Right Rear Police Flasher Lamp Connector - C4164
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Connector - C4168
        • Rear Police Auxiliary Junction Box Connector
          • Rear Police Auxiliary Junction Box Connector End View - C4170A
          • Rear Police Auxiliary Junction Box Connector End View - C4170B
        • Strobe Control Module Connectors
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231A
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231B
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231C
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231D
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231E
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231F
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231G
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231H
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231J
        • Smart Siren Amplifier Connector - C4232
        • Trunk Air Circulation Fan Motor Connector - C4233
        • Rear Deck Led Flasher Connector - C4234
        • Left Rear Strobe Assembly Connector - C4235
        • Right Rear Strobe Assembly Connector - C4236
        • Right Rear Police Tray Lamp Connector - C4298
        • Left Rear Police Tray Lamp Connector - C4299
        • Right Fire Suppressor Connector - C4316
        • Left Fire Suppressor Connector - C4317
        • Trunk Perimeter Disarm Switch Connector - C4330
        • Fire Suppression Manual Switch Connector - C9034
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Body Control Modules
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cooling Fan
      • Cruise Control
      • Defoggers
      • Electronic Suspension
      • Engine Performance
        • 4.6L Flex Fuel
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Seats
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlock
      • Starting/Charging
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
      • Trunk, Tailgate, Fuel Door
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Engine Mechanical
  • Accessory Drive Belts
    • Accessory Drive System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Accessory Drive
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Accessory Drive
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
            • Drive Belt - Noise/Flutter
            • Drive Belt - Incorrect Installation
            • Belt Tensioner - Mechanical
            • Belt Tensioner - Dynamics
      • Removal And Installation
        • Front End Accessory Drive (FEAD) - Exploded View
        • Accessory Drive Belt
          • Removal And Installation
        • Accessory Drive Belt TENSIONER
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Accessory Drive Belt Idler Pulley
          • Removal And Installation
  • Auxiliary Emission Control Systems
    • Emission Control System
      • Specifications
        • Material
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine Emission Control
          • Notes
          • Vehicle Emission Vacuum Routing
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Engine Emission Control
      • Removal And Installation
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) System Components - Exploded View
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) System Module
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) System Module Tube
          • Removal And Installation
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Crankcase Ventilation Tube
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
    • Evaporative Emissions System
      • Specifications
        • Material
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Evaporative Emissions
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Evaporative Emissions
      • General Procedures
        • Evaporative Emission System Leak Test
          • Notes
          • Phase 1 - Leak Verification
          • Phase 2 - System Leak Check
      • Removal And Installation
        • Evaporative Emission Canister
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Evaporative Emission Canister Purge Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fuel Vapor Tube Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fill Limiting Vent Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Evaporative Emission Canister Vent Solenoid
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Dust Separator
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
  • Cooling System (Mechanical)
    • Accessory Drive System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Accessory Drive
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Accessory Drive
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
            • Drive Belt - Noise/Flutter
            • Drive Belt - Incorrect Installation
            • Belt Tensioner - Mechanical
            • Belt Tensioner - Dynamics
      • Removal And Installation
        • Front End Accessory Drive (FEAD) - Exploded View
        • Accessory Drive Belt
          • Removal And Installation
        • Accessory Drive Belt TENSIONER
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Accessory Drive Belt Idler Pulley
          • Removal And Installation
    • Engine Cooling System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Engine Cooling
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Engine Cooling
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Loss of Coolant
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Engine Overheats
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Engine Does Not Reach Normal Operating Temperature
          • Component Tests
            • Pressure Test - Degas Bottle Systems
            • Pressure Test - Coolant Expansion Tank Systems
            • Cap
            • Thermostat
            • Thermostat Visual Inspection
            • Radiator Leak Test, Removed From Vehicle
            • Fan Clutch Test
            • Fan Clutch Test - Minimum Speed Requirement
            • Fan Clutch Test - Maximum Speed Requirement
      • General Procedures
        • Cooling System Draining, Filling & Bleeding
          • Notes
          • Draining
          • Filling & Bleeding with RADKITPLUS
          • Filling & Bleeding without RADKITPLUS
        • Cooling System Flushing
        • Heater Core Backflushing
      • Removal & Installation
        • Block Heater
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Thermostat
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Coolant Pump
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Radiator
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Cooling Fan Motor & Shroud
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Degas Bottle
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
  • Exhaust System
    • Specifications
      • Material Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Exhaust System
    • Diagnostic Tests
      • Exhaust System
        • Notes
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Symptom Chart - Exhaust System
        • Symptom Chart - Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)
        • Pinpoint Test
          • Pinpoint Test A: Drumming Noise
    • General Procedures
      • Exhaust System Alignment
    • Removal And Installation
      • Exhaust System - Exploded View
      • Muffler And Tailpipe
        • Removal And Installation
      • Muffler And Tailpipe - Fire Suppression System
        • Removal And Installation
      • Catalytic Converter
        • Removal And Installation
  • Fuel System
    • Fuel Charging System & Fuel Control System
      • Specifications
        • Material
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Fuel Charging and Controls
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Fuel Charging and Controls
      • Removal And Installation
        • Throttle Body
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Throttle Body - Spacer
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fuel Rail and Fuel Injector - Exploded View
        • Fuel Rail
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fuel Pump Driver Module (FPDM)
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
    • Fuel System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Fuel System
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Fuel System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Chart
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Test
            • Pinpoint Test A: Slow to Fill
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: Slow To Fill
      • General Procedures
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
        • Fuel System Pressure Test
        • Fuel Tank Draining
        • Spring Lock Couplings
          • Notes
          • Disconnect
          • Connect
        • Quick Connect Coupling
          • Notes
          • Disconnect - Type I
          • Connect - Type I
          • Disconnect - Type II
          • Connect - Type II
    • Fuel Tank & Fuel Lines
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Fuel Tank And Lines
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Fuel Tank And Lines
      • Removal And Installation
        • Fuel Tank And Filler Pipe - Exploded View
        • Fuel Tank
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fuel Tank Filler Pipe
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fuel Pump Module
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fuel Lines And Fuel Filter - Exploded View
        • Fuel Lines
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fuel Filter
          • Removal And Installation
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (Ifs) Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
  • Mechanical
    • Engine Mechanical
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine
          • Notes
          • Identification
          • Code Information
          • Exhaust Emission Control System
          • Induction System
          • Valve Train
          • PCV System
          • Lubrication System
          • Oil Pump
          • Engine Cylinder Identification
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Engine
      • In-Vehicle Servicing
        • Intake Manifold
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Cover - RH
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Cover - LH
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lower End Components - Exploded View, Crankshaft Pulley And Crankshaft Front Seal
        • Crankshaft Pulley
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Front Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Engine Front Cover
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Timing Drive Components
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Train Components - Exploded View
        • Valve Springs
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Seals
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Hydraulic Lash Adjuster
          • Removal And Installation
        • Camshaft Roller Follower
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Camshaft
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Exhaust Manifold - RH
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Exhaust Manifold - LH
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Engine Lubrication Components - Exploded View, Oil Pan, Oil Pump, Oil Pump Screen And Pickup Tube
        • Oil Pan
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Pump
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Pump Screen And Pickup Tube
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Filter Adapter
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Cooler
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Engine Oil Pressure (EOP) Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Oil Level Indicator And Tube
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Lower End Components - Exploded View, FLEXPLATE And Crankshaft Rear Seal With Retainer Plate
        • FLEXPLATE
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Rear Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Rear Seal With Retainer Plate
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Engine Mount - RH
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Engine Mount - LH
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
      • Removal
        • Cylinder Head
          • Notes
          • Removal
        • Engine
      • Disassembly
        • Engine
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
      • Disassembly And Assembly Of Subassemblies
        • Cylinder Head
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Piston
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
      • Assembly
        • Engine
          • Notes
          • Assembly
      • Installation
        • Cylinder Head
          • Notes
          • Installation
        • Engine
          • Notes
          • Installation
    • Engine System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Engine
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Engine
          • Notes
          • Inspection & Verification - Engine Performance
          • Inspection & Verification - NVH
          • Symptom Chart - Engine Performance
          • Symptom Chart - NVH
          • Component Tests
          • Compression Test
          • Cylinder Leakage Detection
          • Excessive Engine Oil Consumption
          • Intake Manifold Vacuum Test
          • Oil Pressure Test
          • Valve Train Analysis
      • General Procedures
        • Sprockets
        • Camshaft Bearing Journal Diameter
        • Camshaft Journal To Bearing Clearance - OHC Engines
        • Camshaft End Play - OHC Engines
        • Camshaft Surface Inspection
        • Camshaft Lobe Lift
        • Camshaft RUNOUT
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal Diameter
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal Taper & Out-Of-Round
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal-To-Bearing Clearance
        • Crankshaft End Play
        • Crankshaft RUNOUT
        • Connecting Rod Bearing Journal Taper & Out-Of-Round
        • Connecting Rod-To-Piston Clearance
        • Cylinder Bore Taper
        • Cylinder Bore Out-Of-Round
        • Piston Inspection
        • Piston Pin Bore Diameter
        • Piston Diameter
        • Piston To Cylinder Bore Clearance
        • Piston Selection
        • Piston Ring End Gap
        • Piston Ring-To-Groove Clearance
        • Piston Pin Diameter
        • Connecting Rod Cleaning
        • Connecting Rod Large End Bore
        • Connecting Rod Bushing Diameter
        • Connecting Rod Bend
        • Connecting Rod Twist
        • Connecting Rod Bearing Journal-To-Bearing Clearance
        • Connecting Rod To Crankshaft Side Clearance
        • Roller Follower Inspection
        • Hydraulic Lash Adjuster Inspection
        • Valve Stem Diameter
        • Valve Stem To Valve Guide Clearance
        • Valve Inspection
        • Valve Guide Inner Diameter
        • Valve Spring Installed Length
        • Valve Spring Free Length
        • Valve Spring Squareness
        • Valve Spring Strength
        • Valve Seat Inspection
          • Valve & Seat Refacing Measurements
        • Valve Seat Width
        • Valve Seat RUNOUT
        • Cylinder Block Distortion
        • Cylinder Head Distortion
        • Cylinder Bore Cleaning
        • Core Plug Replacement
        • Spark Plug Inspection
        • Exhaust Manifold Cleaning & Inspection
        • Bearing Inspection
        • FLEXPLATE Inspection
        • Powertrain/Drivetrain Mount Neutralizing
  • Starter
    • Starting System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Starting System
          • Notes
          • Starting System - Starter Motor
          • Starting System - Starter Relay
          • Starting System - Normal Operation
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Starting System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Starting System - Anti-Theft Intervention
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Engine Does Not Crank
            • Pinpoint Test B: Unusual Starter Noise
          • Component Tests
            • Starter Motor - Motor Feed Circuit
            • Starter Motor - Motor Ground Circuit
      • General Procedures
        • Starter Motor Drive Gear & Flywheel Ring Gear Inspection
      • Removal & Installation
        • Starter Motor Solenoid Relay - ISO Mini
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Starter Motor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
• Engine Performance
  • Emissions
    • EGR Function Testing - Ford - Cars
      • EGR Function Testing - Ford - Cars
        • Test 1
          • Ported EGR Valve
        • Test 2
          • Backpressure Transducer EGR System
        • Test 3
          • Integral Backpressure Transducer EGR System
        • Test 4
          • Electronic EGR Valve
        • Test 5
          • 1994-96 All Except 2.5L (VIN B)
        • Test 6
          • EEC-V Equipped Vehicles
        • Test 7
          • 1.8L & 2.5L (EEC Systems)
        • Test 8
          • EGR Valve
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator (EVR) Solenoid
        • Test 9
    • Emission Applications
      • Emission Applications
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
  • Engine Control Systems
    • Acceleration Control System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Acceleration Control
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Acceleration Control
      • Removal And Installation
        • Accelerator Pedal and Bracket
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Accelerator Pedal
          • Removal And Installation
  • Fuel Delivery
    • Fuel Charging System & Fuel Control System
      • Specifications
        • Material
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Fuel Charging and Controls
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Fuel Charging and Controls
      • Removal And Installation
        • Throttle Body
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Throttle Body - Spacer
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fuel Rail and Fuel Injector - Exploded View
        • Fuel Rail
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fuel Pump Driver Module (FPDM)
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
    • Fuel System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Fuel System
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Fuel System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Chart
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Test
            • Pinpoint Test A: Slow to Fill
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: Slow To Fill
      • General Procedures
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
        • Fuel System Pressure Test
        • Fuel Tank Draining
        • Spring Lock Couplings
          • Notes
          • Disconnect
          • Connect
        • Quick Connect Coupling
          • Notes
          • Disconnect - Type I
          • Connect - Type I
          • Disconnect - Type II
          • Connect - Type II
    • Fuel Tank & Fuel Lines
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Fuel Tank And Lines
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Fuel Tank And Lines
      • Removal And Installation
        • Fuel Tank And Filler Pipe - Exploded View
        • Fuel Tank
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fuel Tank Filler Pipe
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fuel Pump Module
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fuel Lines And Fuel Filter - Exploded View
        • Fuel Lines
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fuel Filter
          • Removal And Installation
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (Ifs) Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
  • Engine Ignition System
    • Specifications
      • General Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Engine Ignition
    • Diagnostic Tests
      • Engine Ignition
    • Removal And Installation
      • Engine Ignition Components - Exploded View
      • Ignition Coil-On-Plug
        • Removal And Installation
      • Spark Plugs
        • Removal And Installation
  • Remove, Overhaul & Install
    • Acceleration Control System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Acceleration Control
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Acceleration Control
      • Removal And Installation
        • Accelerator Pedal and Bracket
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Accelerator Pedal
          • Removal And Installation
    • Electronic Engine Control
      • Specifications
        • Material
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Electronic Engine Controls
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Electronic Engine Controls
      • Removal And Installation
        • Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor
          • Removal And Installation
        • Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Powertrain Control Module (Pcm)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor
          • Removal And Installation
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) And Catalyst Monitor Sensor - Exploded View
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S)
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Catalyst Monitor Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fuel Rail Pressure And Temperature Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor
          • Removal And Installation
        • Knock Sensor (KS)
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
    • Intake Air Distribution System & Intake Air Filtering System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Intake Air Distribution and Filtering
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Intake Air Distribution and Filtering
      • Removal And Installation
        • Intake Air System Components - Exploded View
        • Air Cleaner Outlet Pipe
          • Removal And Installation
        • Air Cleaner
          • Removal And Installation
        • Air Cleaner Element
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Specifications
    • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
      • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
        • Notes
        • 3 Cylinder Engine
        • 4 Cylinder Engine
        • 5 Cylinder Engine
        • V6 Engine
          • 3.3L (VIN T) Engines
          • 3.0L Villager Engine
          • All Other V6 Engines Except 3.3L (VIN T) & 3.0L Villager Engine
        • V8 Engine
          • 3.9L (VIN A) V8 Engines
          • 5.2L V8 Engines
          • 5.0L (Mustang Only) & 6.2L V8 Engines
          • All Other Gasoline V8 Engines Except 3.9L (VIN A), 5.0L (Mustang Only), 5.2L & 6.2L
          • Diesel V8 Engine (To 2010)
          • 6.7L Diesel V8 Engine (From 2011)
        • V10 Engine
    • Fuel System Pressure Specifications
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Pressure - Cars
        • Fuel Pressure - Trucks
  • System
    • Engine Controls - Description & Operation (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Vehicle Emission Control Information (VECI)
        • VECI Decal
        • VECI Decal Location
        • Engine/Evaporative Emission (EVAP) System Information
      • Vehicle Certification Label
        • Base Engine Calibration Information
          • Notes
          • Engine Calibration Information (Car)
          • Engine Calibration Information (Truck)
          • Vehicle Certification Label Location
          • Engine Calibration Code
      • Vehicle Emission Control Information (VECI) Acronym Definitions
      • Engine Control Components
        • Notes
        • Accelerator Pedal Position (APP) Sensor
          • Notes
          • 2-Track APP Sensor
          • 3-Track APP Sensor
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Clutch Relay (A/CCR)
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Cycling Switch
        • Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature (ACET) Sensor
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) High Pressure Switch
        • Air Conditioning Pressure (ACP) Transducer Sensor
        • Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Switch
        • Brake Pedal Switch (BPS)/Brake Deactivator Switch
        • Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor
        • Canister Vent (CV) Solenoid
        • Check Fuel Cap Indicator
        • Clutch Pedal Position (CPP) Switch
        • Coil On Plug (COP)
        • Coil Pack
        • Cooling Fan Clutch
        • Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor
        • Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor
        • Differential Pressure Feedback Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Sensor
          • Notes
          • Differential Pressure Feedback Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Sensor - Tube Mounted
        • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EEGR) Valve
        • Electronic Throttle Actuator Control (TAC)
        • Electronic Throttle Body (ETB) Throttle Position Sensor
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
        • Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Purge Valve
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Orifice Tube Assembly
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System Module (ESM)
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Valve
        • Fan Control
        • Fan Speed Sensor (FSS)
        • Fuel Injectors
          • Notes
          • Typical Fuel Injector
        • Fuel Level Input (FLI)
        • Fuel Pump (FP) Module
          • Notes
          • Typical Electronic Returnless Fuel Pump (FP) Module
        • Fuel Pump (FP) Module and Reservoir
        • Fuel Rail Pressure Temperature (FRPT) Sensor
        • Fuel Tank Pressure (FTP) Sensor
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S)
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve
        • Inertia Fuel Shut-off (IFS) Switch
        • Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor
        • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV)
        • Knock Sensor (KS)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor
        • Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Sensor
        • Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch
        • Power Take-Off (PTO) Switch and Circuits
          • Notes
          • PTO Circuits Description
        • Powertrain Control Module - Vehicle Speed Output (PCM-VSO)
        • Secondary Air Injection (AIR) Bypass Solenoid
        • Secondary AIR Diverter Valve
        • Secondary AIR Pump
        • Starter Motor Request (SMR) Circuit
        • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
        • Transmission Control Indicator Lamp (TCIL)
        • Transmission Control Switch (TCS)
        • Universal Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S)
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS)
      • Electronic Engine Control (EEC) System
        • Overview
        • Modifications to OBD Vehicles
      • Powertrain Control Hardware
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM)
        • PCM Locations
          • Notes
          • 140-Pin PCM
          • 170-Pin PCM
          • 190-Pin PCM
        • Fuel Pump Control Module
        • Fuel Pump Driver Module (FPDM)
        • Keep Alive Memory (KAM)
        • Integrated Electronic Ignition System
        • Power and Ground Signals
          • Electronic Throttle Control Reference Voltage (ETCREF)
          • Electronic Throttle Control Return (ETCRTN)
          • Gold Plated Pins
          • Keep Alive Power (KAPWR)
          • Mass Air Flow Return (MAF RTN)
          • Power Ground (PWR GND)
          • Signal Return (SIG RTN)
          • Variable Reluctance Sensor Return (VRSRTN)
          • Vehicle Buffered Power (VBPWR)
          • Vehicle Power (VPWR)
          • Vehicle Reference Voltage (VREF)
      • Powertrain Control Software
        • Adaptive Airflow
        • Computer Controlled Shutdown
        • Deceleration Fuel Shut-Off (DFSO)
        • Engine RPM/Vehicle Speed Limiter
        • Fail-Safe Cooling Strategy
        • Failure Mode Effects Management (FMEM)
        • Flash Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM)
        • Fuel Trim
          • Short Term Fuel Trim
          • Long Term Fuel Trim
        • High Speed Controller Area Network (CAN)
        • Idle Air Trim
        • Idle Speed Control Closed Throttle Determination - Applications Without Electronic Throttle Control (ETC)
        • International Standards Organization (ISO) 14229 Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Descriptions
          • Notes
          • DTC Structure
          • Failure Type Byte
          • Status Byte
          • DTC Status Bit Definitions
        • Multiplexing
        • Multiplexing Implementation
        • Permanent Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC)
      • Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL)
      • Catalyst and Exhaust Systems
        • Overview
        • Catalytic Converter
        • Light Off Catalyst
        • Three Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) Conversion Efficiency
        • Exhaust System
        • Underbody Catalyst
        • Three Way Catalytic (TWC) Converter
        • Exhaust Manifold Runners
        • Exhaust Pipes
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S)
        • Muffler
      • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Systems
        • Overview
        • Enhanced Evaporative Emission (EVAP) System
      • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Systems
        • Overview
        • Differential Pressure Feedback Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System
        • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EEGR) System
          • Highlights of the EEGR System
          • Overview
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System Module (ESM)
          • Overview
      • Fuel Systems
        • Overview
        • Electronic Returnless Fuel System (ERFS)
          • Notes
          • Typical Electronic Returnless Fuel System Schematic
        • Fuel Pump Control - ERFS
        • Fuel Pump Monitor (FPM) - ERFS
        • Mechanical Returnless Fuel System (MRFS) - Single Speed
        • Fuel Pump Control - Single Speed MRFS
        • Fuel Pump Monitor (FPM) - Single Speed MRFS
        • Mechanical Returnless Fuel System (MRFS) - Dual Speed
        • Fuel Pump Control - Dual Speed MRFS
        • Fuel Pump Monitor (FPM) - Dual Speed MRFS
        • Fuel Filters
          • Notes
          • Pressure Test Point
      • Ignition Systems
        • Overview
        • Integrated Electronic Ignition System
        • Engine Crank/Engine Running
        • Camshaft Position (CMP) Failure Mode Effects Management (FMEM)
      • Intake Air Systems
        • Overview
        • Throttle Body System Overview
          • Notes
          • Throttle Body System Hardware
          • Throttle Body Housing
        • Overview of the Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) and Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) Systems
        • Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Electric Actuated System
        • Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Vacuum Actuated System
        • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) System
      • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) System
        • Overview
        • PCV Types
          • Heated Tubes
          • PCV Valves
        • Hardware
      • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Controlled Charging System
        • Overview
      • Secondary Air Injection (AIR) System
        • Overview
        • Secondary AIR System
      • Supercharger and Charge Air Cooler (CAC) Systems
        • Supercharger Assembly
        • Supercharger Bypass (SCB) System
        • Charge Air Cooler (CAC) System
      • Torque-Based Electronic Throttle Control (ETC)
        • Overview
        • Electronic Throttle Body (ETB)
        • Accelerator Pedal Position (APP) Sensor
        • Electronic Throttle Control (ETC) System Strategy
        • APP and TP Sensor Inputs
        • Electronic Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) Output
      • Variable Camshaft Timing (VCT) System
        • Overview
        • Variable Camshaft Timing (VCT) System
      • On Board Diagnostics (OBD) Monitors
        • OBD-I, OBD-II and Engine Manufacturer Diagnostics (EMD) Overview
          • Notes
          • OBD-II Systems
          • EMD Systems
        • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor
        • General Catalyst Monitor Operation
      • Cold Start Emission Reduction Monitor
        • Overview
        • Cold Start Emission Reduction Component Monitor
          • Notes
          • Low Idle Air Flow Test
          • Low idle air flow test operation
          • Low idle air flow test entry conditions
          • Spark Timing Monitor Test
        • Cold Start Emission Reduction System Monitor
      • Comprehensive Component Monitor (CCM)
      • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EEGR) System Monitor
      • Enhanced Thermostat Monitor
      • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Leak Check Monitor
        • Notes
        • Engine On EVAP Leak Check Monitor
        • Engine Off Natural Vacuum (EONV) EVAP Leak Check Monitor
      • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System Monitor - Differential Pressure Feedback EGR and EGR System Module (ESM)
      • Fuel System Monitor
      • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) Monitor
      • Misfire Detection Monitor
        • Notes
        • Misfire Monitor Operation
        • Low Data Rate System (LDR)
        • High Data Rate System (HDR)
        • Generic Misfire Processing
        • Rough Road Detection
        • Profile Correction
        • Neutral Profile Correction and Non-Volatile Memory
        • Misfire Monitor Specifications
      • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) System Monitor
      • Secondary Air Injection (AIR) System Monitor
      • Thermostat Monitor
      • Variable Camshaft Timing (VCT) Monitor
    • Engine Controls - Diagnostic Methods (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Diagnostic Methods
        • Overview
      • Diagnostic Tools
      • Scan Tool Setup and Functionality
        • Notes
        • International Standards Organization (ISO) 14229 DTC Descriptions
      • Vehicle Check/Preparation
        • Notes
        • Visual Checks
        • Vehicle Preparation
      • Quick Test Description
        • Quick Test
          • Notes
          • Key On Engine Off (KOEO) On Demand Self-Test
          • Key On Engine Running (KOER) On Demand Self-Test
            • Notes
            • Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Test
            • Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Test
            • Transmission Control Switch (TCS) Test
          • Continuous Memory Self-Test
      • Clear the Continuous Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) and Reset the Emission Monitors Information in the Powertrain Control Module (PCM)
        • Description
      • Resetting The Keep Alive Memory (KAM)
        • Description
      • On-Board System Readiness (OSR) Test
        • Description
      • Output State Control (OSC)
        • Description
        • One Touch Integrated Start System
      • Output Test Mode (OTM)
        • Description
      • Parameter Identification (PID)
        • Description
        • Generic OBD PID List
        • Ford PID List
      • Freeze Frame Data
        • Description
      • Flash Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM)
        • Description
        • Neutral Profile Correction
        • Programming the VID Block for a Replacement PCM
        • Making Changes to the VID Block
        • Making Changes to the PCM Calibration
      • Diagnostic Monitoring Test Results - Mode 6
      • On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
        • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
        • Drive Cycle Recommendations
      • Intermittent Diagnostic Techniques
        • Notes
        • Recreating the Fault
        • Accumulating PCM Data
        • Comparing PCM Data
          • Notes
          • Analyzing PCM Data
      • Adaptive Fuel Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Diagnostic Techniques
        • Notes
        • Obtain Freeze Frame Data
        • Using the LONGFT1 and LONGFT2 (Dual Bank Engines) PIDs
        • Resetting Long Term Fuel Trims
        • DTCs P0171/P0174 System Too Lean Diagnostic Aids
        • Air Measurement System
        • Vacuum Leaks/Unmetered Air
        • Insufficient Fueling
        • Exhaust System Leaks
        • DTCs P0172/P0175 System Too Rich Diagnostic Aids
        • Fuel System
        • Air Inlet System
        • Base Engine
    • Engine Controls - Introduction (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Introduction
      • Repair Techniques
        • Notes
        • Note, Notice, Caution And Warning
      • Preface
        • Notes
        • Section 1: Description and Operation
        • Section 2: Diagnostic Methods
        • Section 3: Symptom Charts
        • Section 4: Powertrain Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Charts and Descriptions
        • Section 5: Pinpoint Tests
        • Section 6: Reference Values
      • How to Use the Diagnostic Procedures
      • Acronyms and Definitions
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test A: No Start Through Pinpoint Test DK: Accelerator Pedal Position (App) Sensor - (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Pinpoint Test A: No Start
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test B: Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Power Relay
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test C: Reference Voltage (VREF)
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DA: Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Dc: Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Dd: Fuel Rail Pressure Temperature (FRPT) Sensor
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DF: Vehicle Speed Circuit (VSC) Check
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Dg: Knock Sensor (KS)
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DH: Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DJ: Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature (ACET) Sensor
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DK: Accelerator Pedal Position (App) Sensor
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test DL: Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor Through Pinpoint Test DY: Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor - (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Pinpoint Test DL: Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Dm: Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensor
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DP: Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor/Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS)/Transfer Case Speed Sensor (TCSS)
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Dr: Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DS: Air Conditioning Pressure (ACP) Transducer Sensor
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DT: Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Sensor
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DU: Intake Air Temperature 2 (IAT2) Sensor
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DV: Throttle Body Assembly Electronic Throttle Control (Etc)
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DW: Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S)
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DX: Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DY: Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test Dz: Universal Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) Through Pinpoint Test Hg: Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) System - (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Pinpoint Test Dz: Universal Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S)
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Em: Emission Compliance
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test FB: Power Take Off (PTO)
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test FD: Brake Pedal Inputs
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Ff: Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test H: Fuel Control
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test HC: Fuel Delivery System
        • Notes
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch - Reset Instructions
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Hd: Misfire Detection Monitor
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test He: Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Systems
        • Introduction
        • Test procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Hf: Catalyst Efficiency Monitor And Exhaust Systems
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Hg: Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) System
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test Index - (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Pinpoint Test Index
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test JF: Integrated Ignition Coil On Plug Coils A Through J Failure Through Pinpoint Test Kn: Variable Speed Electric Cooling Fan - (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Pinpoint Test JF: Integrated Ignition Coil On Plug Coils A Through J Failure
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test KA: Fuel Pump (FP) Relay
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Kb: Fuel Pump Driver Module
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Kc: Fuel Pump Control Module
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test KD: Electric Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EEGR) System
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test KE: Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test KF: Fan Control (FC) Relays
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Three Speed Fan Operation
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Kg: Fuel Injector
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test KJ: Supercharger Bypass Control
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Km: Air Conditioning Clutch (A/Cc) Relay Circuit
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Kn: Variable Speed Electric Cooling Fan
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test KP: Charge Air Cooler (CAC) Pump Through Pinpoint Test Z: Intermittent - (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Pinpoint Test KP: Charge Air Cooler (CAC) Pump
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test NC: Ignition Engine Speed Input Circuit
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test ND: Engine Rpm\Vehicle Speed Limiter Reached
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test QA: Unable To Activate Self-Test/Network Communication Error
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test QB: Keep Alive Power (KAPWR)
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test QC: DTC P1000: On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) Systems Readiness Test Not Complete
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test QD: DTC P1260: Passive Anti-Theft System
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test QE: Electronic Throttle Control (Etc) System
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Ta: Clutch Pedal Position (CPP) Switch
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Tb: Transmission Control Switch (TCS)/Transmission Control Indicator Lamp (TCIL)
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Z: Intermittent
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
    • Engine Controls - Powertrain DTC Charts & Descriptions (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Charts And Descriptions
        • DTC List
      • DTC Diagnosis
        • Notes
        • DTC P0010: - Intake Camshaft Position Actuator Circuit/Open (Bank 1)
        • DTC P0011: - Intake Camshaft Position Timing - Over-Advanced (Bank 1)
        • DTC P0012: - Intake Camshaft Position Timing - Over-Retarded (Bank 1)
        • P0016: - Crankshaft Position - Camshaft Position Correlation - Bank 1 Sensor A
        • DTC P0018: - Crankshaft Position - Camshaft Position Correlation - Bank 2 Sensor A
        • DTC P0020: - Intake Camshaft Position Actuator Circuit/Open (Bank 2)
        • DTC P0021: - Intake Camshaft Position Timing - Over-Advanced (Bank 2)
        • DTC P0022: - Intake Camshaft Position Timing - Over-Retarded (Bank 2)
        • DTC P0030: - Ho2S Heater Control Circuit (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • DTC P0040: - Oxygen Sensor Signals Swapped Bank 1 Sensor 1/Bank 2 Sensor 1
        • DTC P0041: - Oxygen Sensor Signals Swapped Bank 1 Sensor 2/Bank 2 Sensor 2
        • DTC P0050: - Ho2S Heater Control Circuit (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • DTC P0053: - Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • DTC P0054: - Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 1, Sensor 2)
        • DTC P0055: - Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 1, Sensor 3)
        • DTC P0059: - Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • DTC P0060: - Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 2, Sensor 2)
        • DTC P0068: - Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map)/Mass Air Flow (MAF) - Throttle Position Correlation
        • DTC P0097: - Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit Low
        • DTC P0098: - Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit High
        • DTC P00BA: - Low Fuel Pressure Forced Limited Power
        • DTC P0102: - Mass Or Volume Air Flow A Circuit Low
        • DTC P0103: - Mass Or Volume Air Flow A Circuit High
        • DTC P0104: - Mass Or Volume Air Flow A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic
        • DTC P0106: - Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map/BARO) Sensor Range/Performance
        • DTC P0107: - Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map)/Barometric Pressure (BARO) Sensor Low
        • DTC P0108: - Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map)/Barometric Pressure (BARO) Sensor High
        • DTC P0109: - Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map)/Barometric Pressure (BARO) Sensor Intermittent
        • DTC P0111: - Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor 1 Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P0112: - Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor 1 Circuit Low
        • DTC P0113: - Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor 1 Circuit High
        • DTC P0114: - Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor 1 Intermittent/Erratic
        • DTC P0116: - Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor 1 Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P0117: - Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor 1 Circuit Low
        • DTC P0118: - Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor 1 Circuit High
        • DTC P0119: - Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor 1 Circuit Intermittent/Erratic
        • DTC P0121: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P0122: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor A Circuit Low
        • DTC P0123: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor A Circuit High
        • DTC P0125: - Insufficient Coolant Temperature For Closed Loop Fuel Control
        • DTC P0127: - Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Too High
        • DTC P0128: - Coolant Thermostat (Coolant Temperature Below Thermostat Regulating Temperature)
        • DTC P012B: - Turbocharger/Supercharger Inlet Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P012C: - Turbocharger/Supercharger Inlet Pressure Sensor Circuit Low
        • DTC P012D: - Turbocharger/Supercharger Inlet Pressure Sensor Circuit High
        • DTC P012E: - Turbocharger/Supercharger Inlet Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic
        • DTC P0130: - O2 Circuit (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • DTC P0132: - O2 Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • DTC P0133: - O2 Circuit Slow Response (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • DTC P0134: - O2 Circuit No Activity Detected (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • DTC P0135: - O2 Heater Circuit (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • DTC P0138: - O2 Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1, Sensor 2)
        • DTC P0139: - O2 Circuit Slow Response (Bank 1, Sensor 2)
        • DTC P013A: - O2 Sensor Slow Response - Rich To Lean (Bank 1, Sensor 2)
        • DTC P013C: - O2 Sensor Slow Response - Rich To Lean (Bank 2, Sensor 2)
        • DTC P013E: - Sensor Delayed Response - Rich To Lean (Bank 1, Sensor 2)
        • DTC P0141: - O2 Heater Circuit (Bank 1, Sensor 2)
        • DTC P0144: - O2 Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1, Sensor 3)
        • DTC P0147: - O2 Heater Circuit (Bank 1, Sensor 3)
        • DTC P0148: - Fuel Delivery Error
        • DTC P014A: - Sensor Delayed Response - Rich To Lean (Bank 2, Sensor 2)
        • DTC P0150: - O2 Circuit (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • DTC P0152: - O2 Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • DTC P0153: - O2 Circuit Slow Response (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • DTC P0154: - O2 Circuit No Activity Detected (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • DTC P0155: - O2 Heater Circuit (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • DTC P0158: - O2 Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2, Sensor 2)
        • DTC P0159: - O2 Circuit Slow Response (Bank 2, Sensor 2)
        • DTC P0161: - O2 Heater Circuit (Bank 2, Sensor 2)
        • DTC P0171: - System Too Lean (Bank 1)
        • DTC P0172: - System Too Rich (Bank 1)
        • DTC P0174: - System Too Lean (Bank 2)
        • DTC P0175: - System Too Rich (Bank 2)
        • DTC P0180: - Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit
        • DTC P0181: - Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P0182: - Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Low
        • DTC P0183: - Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit High
        • DTC P0190: - Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor A Circuit
        • DTC P0191: - Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P0192: - Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor A Circuit Low
        • DTC P0193: - Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor A Circuit High
        • DTC P0196: - Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P0197: - Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor Circuit Low
        • DTC P0198: - Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor Circuit High
        • DTC P0201, P0202, P0203, P0204, P0205, P0206, P0207, P208, P209: Injector Circuit/Open - Cylinder X
        • DTC P0210: - Injector Circuit/Open - Cylinder 10
        • DTC P0217: - Engine Coolant Over-Temperature Condition
        • DTC P0218: - Transmission Fluid Temperature Over-Temperature Condition
        • DTC P0219: - Engine Over Speed Condition
        • DTC P0221: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch B Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P0222: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch B Circuit Low
        • DTC P0223: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch B Circuit High
        • DTC P0230: - Fuel Pump Primary Circuit
        • DTC P0231: - Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit Low
        • DTC P0232: - Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit High
        • DTC P025A: - Fuel Pump Module Control Circuit/Open
        • DTC P025B: - Fuel Pump Module Control Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P0297: - Vehicle Over Speed Condition
        • DTC P0298: - Engine Oil Over Temperature Condition
        • DTC P0300: - Random Misfire Detected
        • DTC P0301, P0302, P0303, P0304, P0305, P0306, P0307, P0308, P0309: - Cylinder X Misfire Detected
        • DTC P0310 - Cylinder 10 Misfire Detected
        • DTC P0315 - Crankshaft Position System Variation Not Learned
        • DTC P0316 - Misfire Detected On Startup (First 1000 Revolutions)
        • DTC P0320 - Ignition/Distributor Engine Speed Input Circuit
        • DTC P0325: - Knock Sensor 1 Circuit (Bank 1)
        • DTC P0326: - Knock Sensor 1 Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 1)
        • DTC P0330: - Knock Sensor 2 Circuit (Bank 2)
        • DTC P0331: - Knock Sensor 2 Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 2)
        • DTC P0340: - Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit (Bank 1 Or Single Sensor)
        • DTC P0341: - Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 1 Or Single Sensor)
        • DTC P0344: - Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Intermittent (Bank 1 Or Single Sensor)
        • DTC P0345: - Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit (Bank 2)
        • DTC P0346: - Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 2)
        • DTC P0349: - Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Intermittent (Bank 2)
        • DTC P0350: - Ignition Coil Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • DTC P0351: - Ignition Coil A Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • DTC P0352: - Ignition Coil B Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • DTC P0353: - Ignition Coil C Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • DTC P0354: - Ignition Coil D Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • DTC P0355: - Ignition Coil E Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • DTC P0356: - Ignition Coil F Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • DTC P0357: - Ignition Coil G Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • DTC P0358: - Ignition Coil H Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • DTC P0359: - Ignition Coil I Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • DTC P0360: - Ignition Coil J Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • DTC P0400: - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Flow
        • DTC P0401: - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Flow Insufficient Detected
        • DTC P0402: - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Flow Excessive Detected
        • DTC P0403: - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Control Circuit
        • DTC P0405: - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Sensor A Circuit Low
        • DTC P0406: - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Sensor A Circuit High
        • DTC P0410: - Secondary Air Injection (Air) System
        • DTC P0412: - Secondary Air Injection (Air) System - Switching Valve A Circuit
        • DTC P0420: - Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1)
        • DTC P0430: - Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 2)
        • DTC P0442: - Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (Small Leak)
        • DTC P0443: - Evaporative Emission System Purge Control Valve Circuit
        • DTC P0446: - Evaporative Emission System Vent Control Circuit
        • DTC P0451: - Evaporative Emission System Pressure Sensor/Switch Range/Performance
        • DTC P0452: - Evaporative Emission System Pressure Sensor/Switch Low
        • DTC P0453: - Evaporative Emission System Pressure Sensor/Switch High
        • DTC P0454: - Evaporative Emission System Pressure Sensor/Switch Intermittent
        • DTC P0455: - Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (Gross Leak/No Flow)
        • DTC P0456: - Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (Very Small Leak)
        • DTC P0457: - Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (Fuel Cap Loose/Off)
        • DTC P0460: - Fuel Level Sensor A Circuit
        • DTC P0461: - Fuel Level Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P0462: - Fuel Level Sensor A Circuit Low
        • DTC P0463: - Fuel Level Sensor A Circuit High
        • DTC P0480: - Fan 1 Control Circuit
        • DTC P0481: - Fan 2 Control Circuit
        • DTC P0482: - Fan 3 Control Circuit
        • DTC P0483: - Fan Performance
        • DTC P0491: - Secondary Air Injection (Air) System Insufficient Flow (Bank 1)
        • DTC P0500: - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) A
        • DTC P0503: - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) A Intermittent/Erratic/High
        • DTC P0504: - Brake Switch Correlation
        • DTC P0505: - Idle Air Control (IAC) System
        • DTC P0506: - Idle Air Control (IAC) System Rpm Lower Than Expected
        • DTC P0507: - Idle Air Control (IAC) System Rpm Higher Than Expected
        • DTC P050A: - Cold Start Idle Air Control Performance
        • DTC P050B: - Cold Start Ignition Timing Performance
        • DTC P050E: - Cold Start Engine Exhaust Temperature Out Of Range
        • DTC P0511: - Idle Air Control (IAC) Circuit
        • DTC P0512: - Starter Request Circuit
        • DTC P0528: - Fan Speed Sensor Circuit No Signal
        • DTC P052A: - Cold Start Camshaft Position Timing Over-Advanced (Bank 1)
        • DTC P052B: - Cold Start Camshaft Position Timing Over-Retarded (Bank 1)
        • DTC P052C: - Cold Start Camshaft Position Timing Over-Advanced (Bank 2)
        • DTC P052D: - Cold Start Camshaft Position Timing Over-Retarded (Bank 2)
        • DTC P0532: - A/C Pressure Refrigerant Sensor A Circuit Low
        • DTC P0533: - A/C Refrigerant Pressure Sensor A Circuit High
        • DTC P0534: - A/C Refrigerant Charge Loss
        • DTC P0537: - A/C Evaporator Temperature Sensor Circuit Low
        • DTC P0538: - A/C Evaporator Temperature Sensor Circuit High
        • DTC P053A: - Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) Heater Control Circuit / Open
        • DTC P0552: - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Sensor/Switch Circuit Low
        • DTC P0553: - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Sensor Circuit High Input
        • DTC P0562: - System Voltage Low
        • DTC P0563: - System Voltage High
        • DTC P0571: - Brake Switch A Circuit
        • DTC P0572: - Brake Switch A Circuit Low
        • DTC P0573: - Brake Switch A Circuit High
        • DTC P0579: - Cruise Control MULTIFUNCTION Input A Circuit Range / Performance
        • DTC P0581: - Cruise Control MULTIFUNCTION Input A Circuit High
        • DTC P0600: - Serial Communication Link
        • DTC P0602: - Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Programming Error
        • DTC P0603: - Internal Control Module Keep Alive Memory (KAM) Error
        • DTC P0604: - Internal Control Module Random Access Memory (Ram) Error
        • DTC P0605: - Internal Control Module Read Only Memory (ROM) Error
        • DTC P0606: - Control Module Processor
        • DTC P0607: - Control Module Performance
        • DTC P060A: - Internal Control Module Monitoring Processor Performance
        • DTC P060B: - Internal Control Module A/D Processing Performance
        • DTC P060C: - Internal Control Module Main Processor Performance
        • DTC P060D: - Internal Control Module Accelerator Pedal Position Performance
        • DTC P0610: - Control Module Vehicle Options Error
        • DTC P061B: - Internal Control Module Torque Calculation Performance
        • DTC P061C: - Internal Control Module Engine Rpm Performance
        • DTC P061D: - Internal Control Module Engine Air Mass Performance
        • DTC P061F: - Internal Control Module Throttle Actuator Controller Performance
        • DTC P0620: - Generator Control Circuit
        • DTC P0622: - Generator Field Terminal Circuit
        • DTC P0625: - Generator Field Terminal Circuit Low
        • DTC P0626: - Generator Field Terminal Circuit High
        • DTC P0627: - Fuel Pump A Control Circuit/Open
        • DTC P062C: - Internal Control Module Vehicle Speed Performance
        • DTC P062F: - Internal Control Module EEPROM Error
        • DTC P0642: - Sensor Reference Voltage A Circuit Low
        • DTC P0643: - Sensor Reference Voltage A Circuit High
        • DTC P0645: - Air Conditioning Clutch Relay (A/CCR) Control Circuit
        • DTC P064D: - Internal Control Module O2 Sensor Processor Performance - Bank 1
        • DTC P064E: - Internal Control Module O2 Sensor Processor Performance - Bank 2
        • DTC P0657: - Actuator Supply Voltage A Circuit/Open
        • DTC P065B: - Generator Control Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P0660: - Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) Control Circuit Open - Bank 1
        • DTC P0663: - Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) Control Circuit Open - Bank 2
        • DTC P0685: - Electronic Control Module (ECM)/Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Power Relay Control Circuit/Open
        • DTC P0689: - Electronic Control Module (ECM)/Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Power Relay Sense Circuit Low
        • DTC P0690: - Electronic Control Module (ECM)/Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Power Relay Sense Circuit High
        • DTC P06B8: - Internal Control Module Non-Volatile Random Access Memory (NVRAM) Error
        • DTC P0703: - Brake Switch B Input Circuit
        • DTC P0704: - Clutch Switch Input Circuit
        • DTC P0705: - Transmission Range Sensor A Circuit (PRNDL) Input
        • DTC P0707: - Transmission Range Sensor A Circuit Low
        • DTC P0708: - Transmission Range Sensor A Circuit High
        • DTC P071X: - Transmission Code
        • DTC P0720: - Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Circuit
        • DTC P0721: - Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P0722: - Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Circuit No Signal
        • DTC P0723: - Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Circuit Intermittent
        • DTC P073X: - Transmission Code
        • DTC P074X: - Transmission Code
        • DTC P075X: - Transmission Code
        • DTC P076X: - Transmission Code
        • DTC P077X: - Transmission Code
        • DTC P078X: - Transmission Code
        • DTC P079X: - Transmission Code
        • DTC P0815: - Upshift Switch Circuit
        • DTC P0830: - Clutch Pedal Switch A Circuit
        • DTC P0833: - Clutch Pedal Switch B Circuit
        • DTC P0840: - Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch A Circuit
        • DTC P09XX: - Transmission Code
        • DTC P1000: - On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) Systems Readiness Test Not Complete
        • DTC P1001: - Key On Engine Running (KOER) Not Able To Complete, KOER Aborted
        • DTC P1100: - Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor Circuit Intermittent
        • DTC P1101: - Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P1112: - Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Circuit Intermittent
        • DTC P1114: - Intake Air Temperature 2 (IAT2) Circuit Low (Supercharged/Turbocharged Engines)
        • DTC P1115: - Intake Air Temperature 2 (IAT2) Circuit High (Supercharged/Turbocharged Engines)
        • DTC P1116: - Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P1117: - Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Circuit Intermittent
        • DTC P1120: - Throttle Position Sensor A Out Of Range Low (RATCH Too Low)
        • DTC P1124: - Throttle Position Sensor A Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P1127: - Exhaust Temperature Out Of Range, O2 Sensor Tests Not Completed
        • DTC P115E: - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) Throttle Body Air Flow Trim At Max Limit
        • DTC P117A: - Engine Oil Over Temperature - Forced Limited Power
        • DTC P1184: - Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P1227: - WASTEGATE Failed Closed (Over Pressure)
        • DTC P1228: - WASTEGATE Failed Open (Under Pressure)
        • DTC P1229: - Charge Air Cooler (CAC) Pump Driver
        • DTC P1233: - Fuel Pump Driver Module Disabled Or Off Line
        • DTC P1234: - Fuel Pump Driver Module Disabled Or Off Line
        • DTC P1235: - Fuel Pump Control Out Of Range
        • DTC P1236: - Fuel Pump Control Out Of Range
        • DTC P1237: - Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit
        • DTC P1238: - Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit
        • DTC P1244: - Alternator Load High Input
        • DTC P1245: - Alternator Load Low Input
        • DTC P1246: - Alternator Load Input
        • DTC P1260: - Theft Detected, Vehicle Immobilized
        • DTC P1270: - Engine Rpm Or Vehicle Speed Limiter Reached
        • DTC P1285: - Cylinder Head Over Temperature Condition
        • DTC P1288: - Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P1289: - Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor Circuit High
        • DTC P128A: - Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic
        • DTC P1290: - Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor Circuit Low
        • DTC P1299: - Cylinder Head Over Temperature Protection Active
        • DTC P1336: - Crankshaft/Camshaft Sensor Range/Performance
        • DTC P1397: - System Voltage Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P1405: - Differential Pressure Feedback Sensor Upstream Hose Off Or Plugged
        • DTC P1406: - Differential Pressure Feedback Sensor Downstream Hose Off Or Plugged
        • DTC P1408: - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Flow Out Of Self-Test Range (Non-Mil)
        • DTC P1409: - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Vacuum Regulator Solenoid Circuit
        • DTC P1436: - A/C Evaporator Air Temperature Circuit Low
        • DTC P1437: - A/C Evaporator Air Temperature Circuit High
        • DTC P144A: - Evaporative Emission System Purge Vapor Line Restricted/Blocked
        • DTC P1450: - Unable To Bleed Up Fuel Tank Vacuum
        • DTC P1451: - Evaporative Emission System Vent Control Circuit
        • DTC P145E: - PCV Heater Control B Circuit
        • DTC P1460: - Wide Open Throttle A/C Cutout Circuit
        • DTC P1461: - A/C Pressure Sensor Circuit High
        • DTC P1462: - Air Conditioning Pressure (A/Cp) Sensor Low Voltage Detected
        • DTC P1463: - Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor (A/Cp) Insufficient Pressure Change
        • DTC P1464: - A/C Demand Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P1469: - Rapid A/C Cycling
        • DTC P1474: - Fan Control Primary Circuit
        • DTC P1477: - Additional Fan Relay Circuit
        • DTC P1479: - High Fan Control Primary Circuit
        • DTC P1489: - PCV Heater Control Circuit
        • DTC P1500: - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS)
        • DTC P1501: - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P1502: - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Intermittent
        • DTC P1504: - Idle Air Control (IAC) Circuit
        • DTC P1506: - Idle Air Control (IAC) OVERSPEED Error
        • DTC P1507: - Idle Air Control (IAC) UNDERSPEED Error
        • DTC P1512: - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Closed (Bank 1)
        • DTC P1513: - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Closed (Bank 2)
        • DTC P1516: - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Input Error (Bank 1)
        • DTC P1517: - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Input Error (Bank 2)
        • DTC P1518: - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Open Bank 1
        • DTC P1519: - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Closed Bank 1
        • DTC P151A: - Intake Manifold Runner Controller Performance
        • DTC P1520: - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Circuit
        • DTC P1537: - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Open (Bank 1)
        • DTC P1538: - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Open (Bank 2)
        • DTC P1548: - Engine Air Filter Restriction
        • DTC P1549: - Intake Manifold Communication Control (IMCC) Circuit (Bank 1)
        • DTC P1550: - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P1561: - Brake Line Pressure Sensor Circuit
        • DTC P1572: - Brake Pedal Switch Circuit
        • DTC P1575: - Pedal Position Out Of Self Test Range
        • DTC P1633: - Keep Alive Power (KAPWR) Voltage Too Low
        • DTC P1635: - Tire/Axle Ratio Out Of Acceptable Range
        • DTC P1636: - Inductive Signature Chip Communication Error
        • DTC P1639: - Vehicle Id (VID) Block Corrupted, Not Programmed
        • DTC P1640: - Powertrain DTCS Available In Another Module
        • DTC P1646: - Linear O2 Sensor Control Chip (Bank 1)
        • DTC P1647: - Linear O2 Sensor Control Chip (Bank 2)
        • DTC P1650: - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P1651: - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch Input
        • DTC P1674: - Control Module Software Corrupted
        • DTC P1703: - Brake Switch Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P1705: - Transmission Range Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P1709: - Park/Neutral Position (PNP) Switch Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P1729: - 4X4L Switch
        • DTC P1780: - Transmission Control Switch (TCS) Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P1781: - 4X4L Switch Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P17XX: - Automatic Transmission Related Codes
        • DTC P18XX: - 4WD System Related Codes
        • DTC P1900: - Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Circuit Intermittent
        • DTC P1901: - Turbine Shaft Speed (TSS) Sensor Circuit Intermittent
        • DTC P2004: - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Open (Bank 1)
        • DTC P2005: - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Open (Bank 2)
        • DTC P2006: - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Closed (Bank 1)
        • DTC P2007: - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Closed (Bank 2)
        • DTC P2008: - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Circuit Open (Bank 1)
        • DTC P2014: - Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Circuit (Bank 1)
        • DTC P2015: - Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 1)
        • DTC P2019: - Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Circuit (Bank 2)
        • DTC P2020: - Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 2)
        • DTC P2065: - Fuel Level Sensor B Circuit
        • DTC P2066: - Fuel Level Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P2067: - Fuel Level Sensor B Circuit Low
        • DTC P2068: - Fuel Level Sensor B Circuit High
        • DTC P2070: - Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) Stuck Open Bank 1
        • DTC P2071: - Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) Stuck Closed Bank 1
        • DTC P2072: - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) System - Ice Breakage
        • DTC P2096: - Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Lean Bank 1
        • DTC P2097: - Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Rich Bank 1
        • DTC P2098: - Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Lean Bank 2
        • DTC P2099: - Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Rich Bank 2
        • DTC P2100: - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) Motor Circuit/Open
        • DTC P2101: - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) Motor Range/Performance
        • DTC P2104: - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) System - Forced Idle
        • DTC P2105: - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) System - Forced Engine Shutdown
        • DTC P2107: - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) Module Processor
        • DTC P2110: - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) System - Forced Limited Rpm
        • DTC P2111: - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) System - Stuck Open
        • DTC P2112: - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) System - Stuck Closed
        • P2119: - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) System - Stuck Closed
        • DTC P2121: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch D Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P2122: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch D Circuit Low
        • DTC P2123: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch D Circuit High
        • DTC P2126: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch E Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P2127: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch E Circuit Low
        • DTC P2128: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch E Circuit High
        • DTC P2131: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch F Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P2132: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch F Circuit Low
        • DTC P2133: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch F Circuit High
        • DTC P2135: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A/B Voltage Correlation
        • DTC P2138: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch D/E Voltage Correlation
        • DTC P2195: - O2 Sensor Signal Biased/Stuck Lean - Bank 1, Sensor 1
        • DTC P2196: - O2 Sensor Signal Biased/Stuck Rich - Bank 1, Sensor 1
        • DTC P2197: - O2 Sensor Signal Biased/Stuck Lean - Bank 2, Sensor 1
        • DTC P2198: - O2 Sensor Signal Biased/Stuck Rich - Bank 2, Sensor 1
        • DTC P2257: - Secondary Air Injection (Air) System Control A Circuit Low
        • DTC P2258: - Secondary Air Injection (Air) System Control A Circuit High
        • DTC P2270: - O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Lean - Bank 1, Sensor 2
        • DTC P2271: - O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Rich - Bank 1, Sensor 2
        • DTC P2272: - O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Lean - Bank 2, Sensor 2
        • DTC P2273: - O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Rich - Bank 2, Sensor 2
        • DTC P2274: - O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Lean - Bank 1, Sensor 3
        • DTC P2275: - O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Rich - Bank 1, Sensor 3
        • DTC P2448: - Secondary Air Injection System High Airflow (Bank 1)
        • DTC P260F: - Evaporative System Monitoring Processor Performance
        • DTC P2610: - Electronic Control Module (ECM)/Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Internal Engine Off Timer Performance
        • DTC PXXXX: -
        • DTC U0101: - Lost Communication With Transaxle Control Module (TCM)
        • DTC U0109: - Lost Communication With Fuel Pump Control Module
        • DTC U0121: - Lost Communication With Anti-Lock Brake System (Abs) Control Module
        • DTC U0155: - Lost Communication With Instrument Panel Cluster Control Module
        • DTC U0300: - Internal Control Module Software Incompatibility
        • DTC U1039: - SCP (J1850) Invalid Or Missing Data For Vehicle Speed
        • DTC U210B: - Lost Communication Between Fuel Pump Control Module And Restraints Control Module
        • DTC UXXXX: - Network Communication Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC)
    • Engine Controls - Reference Values (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Reference Value Symptom Chart
      • Reference Value Parameter Identification (PID)/Measured Signal Chart
      • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
        • Notes
        • Focus
          • 2.0L 4V Focus
        • Fusion/Milan
          • 2.3L 4V Fusion/Milan
          • 3.0L 4V Fusion/Milan
        • Edge/MKX
          • 3.5L 4V Edge/MKX
        • MKZ
          • 3.5L 4V MKZ
        • Flex/Taurus/Taurus X/Sable
          • 3.5L 4V Flex/Taurus/Taurus X/Sable
        • Mks
          • 3.7L 4V Mks
        • Mustang
          • 4.0L Mustang
          • 4.6L 3V Mustang
          • 5.4L 4V Mustang
        • Crown Victoria/Grand Marquis
          • 4.6L 2V Crown Victoria/Grand Marquis
        • Town Car
          • 4.6L 2V Town Car
        • Escape/Mariner
          • 2.5L 4V Escape/Mariner
          • 3.0L 4V Escape/Mariner
        • Ranger
          • 2.3L Ranger
          • 4.0L Ranger
        • Explorer/Explorer Sport Trac/Mountaineer
          • 4.0L Explorer/Explorer Sport Trac/Mountaineer
          • 4.6L 3V Explorer/Explorer Sport Trac/Mountaineer
        • F-150
          • 4.6L 2V F-150
          • 4.6L 3V F-150
          • 5.4L 3V F-150
        • E-Series
          • 4.6L 2V E-Series
          • 5.4L 2V E-Series
          • 6.8L 2V E-Series
        • Expedition/Navigator
          • 5.4L 3V Expedition/Navigator
        • F250-F550 Super Duty
          • 5.4L 3V
          • 6.8L 3V
  • Testing & Diagnosis
    • Engine Controls - Description & Operation (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Vehicle Emission Control Information (VECI)
        • VECI Decal
        • VECI Decal Location
        • Engine/Evaporative Emission (EVAP) System Information
      • Vehicle Certification Label
        • Base Engine Calibration Information
          • Notes
          • Engine Calibration Information (Car)
          • Engine Calibration Information (Truck)
          • Vehicle Certification Label Location
          • Engine Calibration Code
      • Vehicle Emission Control Information (VECI) Acronym Definitions
      • Engine Control Components
        • Notes
        • Accelerator Pedal Position (APP) Sensor
          • Notes
          • 2-Track APP Sensor
          • 3-Track APP Sensor
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Clutch Relay (A/CCR)
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Cycling Switch
        • Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature (ACET) Sensor
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) High Pressure Switch
        • Air Conditioning Pressure (ACP) Transducer Sensor
        • Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Switch
        • Brake Pedal Switch (BPS)/Brake Deactivator Switch
        • Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor
        • Canister Vent (CV) Solenoid
        • Check Fuel Cap Indicator
        • Clutch Pedal Position (CPP) Switch
        • Coil On Plug (COP)
        • Coil Pack
        • Cooling Fan Clutch
        • Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor
        • Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor
        • Differential Pressure Feedback Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Sensor
          • Notes
          • Differential Pressure Feedback Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Sensor - Tube Mounted
        • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EEGR) Valve
        • Electronic Throttle Actuator Control (TAC)
        • Electronic Throttle Body (ETB) Throttle Position Sensor
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
        • Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Purge Valve
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Orifice Tube Assembly
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System Module (ESM)
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Valve
        • Fan Control
        • Fan Speed Sensor (FSS)
        • Fuel Injectors
          • Notes
          • Typical Fuel Injector
        • Fuel Level Input (FLI)
        • Fuel Pump (FP) Module
          • Notes
          • Typical Electronic Returnless Fuel Pump (FP) Module
        • Fuel Pump (FP) Module and Reservoir
        • Fuel Rail Pressure Temperature (FRPT) Sensor
        • Fuel Tank Pressure (FTP) Sensor
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S)
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve
        • Inertia Fuel Shut-off (IFS) Switch
        • Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor
        • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV)
        • Knock Sensor (KS)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor
        • Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Sensor
        • Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch
        • Power Take-Off (PTO) Switch and Circuits
          • Notes
          • PTO Circuits Description
        • Powertrain Control Module - Vehicle Speed Output (PCM-VSO)
        • Secondary Air Injection (AIR) Bypass Solenoid
        • Secondary AIR Diverter Valve
        • Secondary AIR Pump
        • Starter Motor Request (SMR) Circuit
        • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
        • Transmission Control Indicator Lamp (TCIL)
        • Transmission Control Switch (TCS)
        • Universal Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S)
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS)
      • Electronic Engine Control (EEC) System
        • Overview
        • Modifications to OBD Vehicles
      • Powertrain Control Hardware
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM)
        • PCM Locations
          • Notes
          • 140-Pin PCM
          • 170-Pin PCM
          • 190-Pin PCM
        • Fuel Pump Control Module
        • Fuel Pump Driver Module (FPDM)
        • Keep Alive Memory (KAM)
        • Integrated Electronic Ignition System
        • Power and Ground Signals
          • Electronic Throttle Control Reference Voltage (ETCREF)
          • Electronic Throttle Control Return (ETCRTN)
          • Gold Plated Pins
          • Keep Alive Power (KAPWR)
          • Mass Air Flow Return (MAF RTN)
          • Power Ground (PWR GND)
          • Signal Return (SIG RTN)
          • Variable Reluctance Sensor Return (VRSRTN)
          • Vehicle Buffered Power (VBPWR)
          • Vehicle Power (VPWR)
          • Vehicle Reference Voltage (VREF)
      • Powertrain Control Software
        • Adaptive Airflow
        • Computer Controlled Shutdown
        • Deceleration Fuel Shut-Off (DFSO)
        • Engine RPM/Vehicle Speed Limiter
        • Fail-Safe Cooling Strategy
        • Failure Mode Effects Management (FMEM)
        • Flash Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM)
        • Fuel Trim
          • Short Term Fuel Trim
          • Long Term Fuel Trim
        • High Speed Controller Area Network (CAN)
        • Idle Air Trim
        • Idle Speed Control Closed Throttle Determination - Applications Without Electronic Throttle Control (ETC)
        • International Standards Organization (ISO) 14229 Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Descriptions
          • Notes
          • DTC Structure
          • Failure Type Byte
          • Status Byte
          • DTC Status Bit Definitions
        • Multiplexing
        • Multiplexing Implementation
        • Permanent Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC)
      • Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL)
      • Catalyst and Exhaust Systems
        • Overview
        • Catalytic Converter
        • Light Off Catalyst
        • Three Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) Conversion Efficiency
        • Exhaust System
        • Underbody Catalyst
        • Three Way Catalytic (TWC) Converter
        • Exhaust Manifold Runners
        • Exhaust Pipes
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S)
        • Muffler
      • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Systems
        • Overview
        • Enhanced Evaporative Emission (EVAP) System
      • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Systems
        • Overview
        • Differential Pressure Feedback Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System
        • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EEGR) System
          • Highlights of the EEGR System
          • Overview
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System Module (ESM)
          • Overview
      • Fuel Systems
        • Overview
        • Electronic Returnless Fuel System (ERFS)
          • Notes
          • Typical Electronic Returnless Fuel System Schematic
        • Fuel Pump Control - ERFS
        • Fuel Pump Monitor (FPM) - ERFS
        • Mechanical Returnless Fuel System (MRFS) - Single Speed
        • Fuel Pump Control - Single Speed MRFS
        • Fuel Pump Monitor (FPM) - Single Speed MRFS
        • Mechanical Returnless Fuel System (MRFS) - Dual Speed
        • Fuel Pump Control - Dual Speed MRFS
        • Fuel Pump Monitor (FPM) - Dual Speed MRFS
        • Fuel Filters
          • Notes
          • Pressure Test Point
      • Ignition Systems
        • Overview
        • Integrated Electronic Ignition System
        • Engine Crank/Engine Running
        • Camshaft Position (CMP) Failure Mode Effects Management (FMEM)
      • Intake Air Systems
        • Overview
        • Throttle Body System Overview
          • Notes
          • Throttle Body System Hardware
          • Throttle Body Housing
        • Overview of the Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) and Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) Systems
        • Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Electric Actuated System
        • Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Vacuum Actuated System
        • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) System
      • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) System
        • Overview
        • PCV Types
          • Heated Tubes
          • PCV Valves
        • Hardware
      • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Controlled Charging System
        • Overview
      • Secondary Air Injection (AIR) System
        • Overview
        • Secondary AIR System
      • Supercharger and Charge Air Cooler (CAC) Systems
        • Supercharger Assembly
        • Supercharger Bypass (SCB) System
        • Charge Air Cooler (CAC) System
      • Torque-Based Electronic Throttle Control (ETC)
        • Overview
        • Electronic Throttle Body (ETB)
        • Accelerator Pedal Position (APP) Sensor
        • Electronic Throttle Control (ETC) System Strategy
        • APP and TP Sensor Inputs
        • Electronic Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) Output
      • Variable Camshaft Timing (VCT) System
        • Overview
        • Variable Camshaft Timing (VCT) System
      • On Board Diagnostics (OBD) Monitors
        • OBD-I, OBD-II and Engine Manufacturer Diagnostics (EMD) Overview
          • Notes
          • OBD-II Systems
          • EMD Systems
        • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor
        • General Catalyst Monitor Operation
      • Cold Start Emission Reduction Monitor
        • Overview
        • Cold Start Emission Reduction Component Monitor
          • Notes
          • Low Idle Air Flow Test
          • Low idle air flow test operation
          • Low idle air flow test entry conditions
          • Spark Timing Monitor Test
        • Cold Start Emission Reduction System Monitor
      • Comprehensive Component Monitor (CCM)
      • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EEGR) System Monitor
      • Enhanced Thermostat Monitor
      • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Leak Check Monitor
        • Notes
        • Engine On EVAP Leak Check Monitor
        • Engine Off Natural Vacuum (EONV) EVAP Leak Check Monitor
      • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System Monitor - Differential Pressure Feedback EGR and EGR System Module (ESM)
      • Fuel System Monitor
      • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) Monitor
      • Misfire Detection Monitor
        • Notes
        • Misfire Monitor Operation
        • Low Data Rate System (LDR)
        • High Data Rate System (HDR)
        • Generic Misfire Processing
        • Rough Road Detection
        • Profile Correction
        • Neutral Profile Correction and Non-Volatile Memory
        • Misfire Monitor Specifications
      • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) System Monitor
      • Secondary Air Injection (AIR) System Monitor
      • Thermostat Monitor
      • Variable Camshaft Timing (VCT) Monitor
    • Engine Controls - Diagnostic Methods (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Diagnostic Methods
        • Overview
      • Diagnostic Tools
      • Scan Tool Setup and Functionality
        • Notes
        • International Standards Organization (ISO) 14229 DTC Descriptions
      • Vehicle Check/Preparation
        • Notes
        • Visual Checks
        • Vehicle Preparation
      • Quick Test Description
        • Quick Test
          • Notes
          • Key On Engine Off (KOEO) On Demand Self-Test
          • Key On Engine Running (KOER) On Demand Self-Test
            • Notes
            • Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Test
            • Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Test
            • Transmission Control Switch (TCS) Test
          • Continuous Memory Self-Test
      • Clear the Continuous Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) and Reset the Emission Monitors Information in the Powertrain Control Module (PCM)
        • Description
      • Resetting The Keep Alive Memory (KAM)
        • Description
      • On-Board System Readiness (OSR) Test
        • Description
      • Output State Control (OSC)
        • Description
        • One Touch Integrated Start System
      • Output Test Mode (OTM)
        • Description
      • Parameter Identification (PID)
        • Description
        • Generic OBD PID List
        • Ford PID List
      • Freeze Frame Data
        • Description
      • Flash Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM)
        • Description
        • Neutral Profile Correction
        • Programming the VID Block for a Replacement PCM
        • Making Changes to the VID Block
        • Making Changes to the PCM Calibration
      • Diagnostic Monitoring Test Results - Mode 6
      • On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
        • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
        • Drive Cycle Recommendations
      • Intermittent Diagnostic Techniques
        • Notes
        • Recreating the Fault
        • Accumulating PCM Data
        • Comparing PCM Data
          • Notes
          • Analyzing PCM Data
      • Adaptive Fuel Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Diagnostic Techniques
        • Notes
        • Obtain Freeze Frame Data
        • Using the LONGFT1 and LONGFT2 (Dual Bank Engines) PIDs
        • Resetting Long Term Fuel Trims
        • DTCs P0171/P0174 System Too Lean Diagnostic Aids
        • Air Measurement System
        • Vacuum Leaks/Unmetered Air
        • Insufficient Fueling
        • Exhaust System Leaks
        • DTCs P0172/P0175 System Too Rich Diagnostic Aids
        • Fuel System
        • Air Inlet System
        • Base Engine
    • Engine Controls - Introduction (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Introduction
      • Repair Techniques
        • Notes
        • Note, Notice, Caution And Warning
      • Preface
        • Notes
        • Section 1: Description and Operation
        • Section 2: Diagnostic Methods
        • Section 3: Symptom Charts
        • Section 4: Powertrain Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Charts and Descriptions
        • Section 5: Pinpoint Tests
        • Section 6: Reference Values
      • How to Use the Diagnostic Procedures
      • Acronyms and Definitions
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test A: No Start Through Pinpoint Test DK: Accelerator Pedal Position (App) Sensor - (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Pinpoint Test A: No Start
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test B: Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Power Relay
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test C: Reference Voltage (VREF)
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DA: Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Dc: Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Dd: Fuel Rail Pressure Temperature (FRPT) Sensor
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DF: Vehicle Speed Circuit (VSC) Check
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Dg: Knock Sensor (KS)
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DH: Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DJ: Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature (ACET) Sensor
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DK: Accelerator Pedal Position (App) Sensor
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test DL: Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor Through Pinpoint Test DY: Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor - (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Pinpoint Test DL: Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Dm: Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensor
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DP: Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor/Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS)/Transfer Case Speed Sensor (TCSS)
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Dr: Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DS: Air Conditioning Pressure (ACP) Transducer Sensor
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DT: Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Sensor
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DU: Intake Air Temperature 2 (IAT2) Sensor
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DV: Throttle Body Assembly Electronic Throttle Control (Etc)
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DW: Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S)
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DX: Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DY: Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test Dz: Universal Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) Through Pinpoint Test Hg: Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) System - (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Pinpoint Test Dz: Universal Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S)
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Em: Emission Compliance
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test FB: Power Take Off (PTO)
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test FD: Brake Pedal Inputs
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Ff: Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test H: Fuel Control
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test HC: Fuel Delivery System
        • Notes
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch - Reset Instructions
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Hd: Misfire Detection Monitor
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test He: Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Systems
        • Introduction
        • Test procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Hf: Catalyst Efficiency Monitor And Exhaust Systems
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Hg: Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) System
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test Index - (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Pinpoint Test Index
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test JF: Integrated Ignition Coil On Plug Coils A Through J Failure Through Pinpoint Test Kn: Variable Speed Electric Cooling Fan - (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Pinpoint Test JF: Integrated Ignition Coil On Plug Coils A Through J Failure
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test KA: Fuel Pump (FP) Relay
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Kb: Fuel Pump Driver Module
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Kc: Fuel Pump Control Module
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test KD: Electric Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EEGR) System
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test KE: Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test KF: Fan Control (FC) Relays
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Three Speed Fan Operation
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Kg: Fuel Injector
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test KJ: Supercharger Bypass Control
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Km: Air Conditioning Clutch (A/Cc) Relay Circuit
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Kn: Variable Speed Electric Cooling Fan
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test KP: Charge Air Cooler (CAC) Pump Through Pinpoint Test Z: Intermittent - (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Pinpoint Test KP: Charge Air Cooler (CAC) Pump
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test NC: Ignition Engine Speed Input Circuit
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test ND: Engine Rpm\Vehicle Speed Limiter Reached
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test QA: Unable To Activate Self-Test/Network Communication Error
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test QB: Keep Alive Power (KAPWR)
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test QC: DTC P1000: On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) Systems Readiness Test Not Complete
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test QD: DTC P1260: Passive Anti-Theft System
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test QE: Electronic Throttle Control (Etc) System
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Ta: Clutch Pedal Position (CPP) Switch
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Tb: Transmission Control Switch (TCS)/Transmission Control Indicator Lamp (TCIL)
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Z: Intermittent
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
    • Engine Controls - Powertrain DTC Charts & Descriptions (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Charts And Descriptions
        • DTC List
      • DTC Diagnosis
        • Notes
        • DTC P0010: - Intake Camshaft Position Actuator Circuit/Open (Bank 1)
        • DTC P0011: - Intake Camshaft Position Timing - Over-Advanced (Bank 1)
        • DTC P0012: - Intake Camshaft Position Timing - Over-Retarded (Bank 1)
        • P0016: - Crankshaft Position - Camshaft Position Correlation - Bank 1 Sensor A
        • DTC P0018: - Crankshaft Position - Camshaft Position Correlation - Bank 2 Sensor A
        • DTC P0020: - Intake Camshaft Position Actuator Circuit/Open (Bank 2)
        • DTC P0021: - Intake Camshaft Position Timing - Over-Advanced (Bank 2)
        • DTC P0022: - Intake Camshaft Position Timing - Over-Retarded (Bank 2)
        • DTC P0030: - Ho2S Heater Control Circuit (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • DTC P0040: - Oxygen Sensor Signals Swapped Bank 1 Sensor 1/Bank 2 Sensor 1
        • DTC P0041: - Oxygen Sensor Signals Swapped Bank 1 Sensor 2/Bank 2 Sensor 2
        • DTC P0050: - Ho2S Heater Control Circuit (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • DTC P0053: - Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • DTC P0054: - Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 1, Sensor 2)
        • DTC P0055: - Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 1, Sensor 3)
        • DTC P0059: - Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • DTC P0060: - Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 2, Sensor 2)
        • DTC P0068: - Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map)/Mass Air Flow (MAF) - Throttle Position Correlation
        • DTC P0097: - Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit Low
        • DTC P0098: - Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit High
        • DTC P00BA: - Low Fuel Pressure Forced Limited Power
        • DTC P0102: - Mass Or Volume Air Flow A Circuit Low
        • DTC P0103: - Mass Or Volume Air Flow A Circuit High
        • DTC P0104: - Mass Or Volume Air Flow A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic
        • DTC P0106: - Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map/BARO) Sensor Range/Performance
        • DTC P0107: - Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map)/Barometric Pressure (BARO) Sensor Low
        • DTC P0108: - Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map)/Barometric Pressure (BARO) Sensor High
        • DTC P0109: - Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map)/Barometric Pressure (BARO) Sensor Intermittent
        • DTC P0111: - Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor 1 Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P0112: - Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor 1 Circuit Low
        • DTC P0113: - Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor 1 Circuit High
        • DTC P0114: - Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor 1 Intermittent/Erratic
        • DTC P0116: - Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor 1 Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P0117: - Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor 1 Circuit Low
        • DTC P0118: - Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor 1 Circuit High
        • DTC P0119: - Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor 1 Circuit Intermittent/Erratic
        • DTC P0121: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P0122: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor A Circuit Low
        • DTC P0123: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor A Circuit High
        • DTC P0125: - Insufficient Coolant Temperature For Closed Loop Fuel Control
        • DTC P0127: - Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Too High
        • DTC P0128: - Coolant Thermostat (Coolant Temperature Below Thermostat Regulating Temperature)
        • DTC P012B: - Turbocharger/Supercharger Inlet Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P012C: - Turbocharger/Supercharger Inlet Pressure Sensor Circuit Low
        • DTC P012D: - Turbocharger/Supercharger Inlet Pressure Sensor Circuit High
        • DTC P012E: - Turbocharger/Supercharger Inlet Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic
        • DTC P0130: - O2 Circuit (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • DTC P0132: - O2 Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • DTC P0133: - O2 Circuit Slow Response (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • DTC P0134: - O2 Circuit No Activity Detected (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • DTC P0135: - O2 Heater Circuit (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • DTC P0138: - O2 Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1, Sensor 2)
        • DTC P0139: - O2 Circuit Slow Response (Bank 1, Sensor 2)
        • DTC P013A: - O2 Sensor Slow Response - Rich To Lean (Bank 1, Sensor 2)
        • DTC P013C: - O2 Sensor Slow Response - Rich To Lean (Bank 2, Sensor 2)
        • DTC P013E: - Sensor Delayed Response - Rich To Lean (Bank 1, Sensor 2)
        • DTC P0141: - O2 Heater Circuit (Bank 1, Sensor 2)
        • DTC P0144: - O2 Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1, Sensor 3)
        • DTC P0147: - O2 Heater Circuit (Bank 1, Sensor 3)
        • DTC P0148: - Fuel Delivery Error
        • DTC P014A: - Sensor Delayed Response - Rich To Lean (Bank 2, Sensor 2)
        • DTC P0150: - O2 Circuit (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • DTC P0152: - O2 Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • DTC P0153: - O2 Circuit Slow Response (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • DTC P0154: - O2 Circuit No Activity Detected (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • DTC P0155: - O2 Heater Circuit (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • DTC P0158: - O2 Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2, Sensor 2)
        • DTC P0159: - O2 Circuit Slow Response (Bank 2, Sensor 2)
        • DTC P0161: - O2 Heater Circuit (Bank 2, Sensor 2)
        • DTC P0171: - System Too Lean (Bank 1)
        • DTC P0172: - System Too Rich (Bank 1)
        • DTC P0174: - System Too Lean (Bank 2)
        • DTC P0175: - System Too Rich (Bank 2)
        • DTC P0180: - Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit
        • DTC P0181: - Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P0182: - Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Low
        • DTC P0183: - Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit High
        • DTC P0190: - Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor A Circuit
        • DTC P0191: - Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P0192: - Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor A Circuit Low
        • DTC P0193: - Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor A Circuit High
        • DTC P0196: - Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P0197: - Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor Circuit Low
        • DTC P0198: - Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor Circuit High
        • DTC P0201, P0202, P0203, P0204, P0205, P0206, P0207, P208, P209: Injector Circuit/Open - Cylinder X
        • DTC P0210: - Injector Circuit/Open - Cylinder 10
        • DTC P0217: - Engine Coolant Over-Temperature Condition
        • DTC P0218: - Transmission Fluid Temperature Over-Temperature Condition
        • DTC P0219: - Engine Over Speed Condition
        • DTC P0221: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch B Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P0222: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch B Circuit Low
        • DTC P0223: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch B Circuit High
        • DTC P0230: - Fuel Pump Primary Circuit
        • DTC P0231: - Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit Low
        • DTC P0232: - Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit High
        • DTC P025A: - Fuel Pump Module Control Circuit/Open
        • DTC P025B: - Fuel Pump Module Control Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P0297: - Vehicle Over Speed Condition
        • DTC P0298: - Engine Oil Over Temperature Condition
        • DTC P0300: - Random Misfire Detected
        • DTC P0301, P0302, P0303, P0304, P0305, P0306, P0307, P0308, P0309: - Cylinder X Misfire Detected
        • DTC P0310 - Cylinder 10 Misfire Detected
        • DTC P0315 - Crankshaft Position System Variation Not Learned
        • DTC P0316 - Misfire Detected On Startup (First 1000 Revolutions)
        • DTC P0320 - Ignition/Distributor Engine Speed Input Circuit
        • DTC P0325: - Knock Sensor 1 Circuit (Bank 1)
        • DTC P0326: - Knock Sensor 1 Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 1)
        • DTC P0330: - Knock Sensor 2 Circuit (Bank 2)
        • DTC P0331: - Knock Sensor 2 Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 2)
        • DTC P0340: - Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit (Bank 1 Or Single Sensor)
        • DTC P0341: - Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 1 Or Single Sensor)
        • DTC P0344: - Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Intermittent (Bank 1 Or Single Sensor)
        • DTC P0345: - Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit (Bank 2)
        • DTC P0346: - Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 2)
        • DTC P0349: - Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Intermittent (Bank 2)
        • DTC P0350: - Ignition Coil Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • DTC P0351: - Ignition Coil A Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • DTC P0352: - Ignition Coil B Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • DTC P0353: - Ignition Coil C Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • DTC P0354: - Ignition Coil D Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • DTC P0355: - Ignition Coil E Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • DTC P0356: - Ignition Coil F Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • DTC P0357: - Ignition Coil G Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • DTC P0358: - Ignition Coil H Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • DTC P0359: - Ignition Coil I Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • DTC P0360: - Ignition Coil J Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • DTC P0400: - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Flow
        • DTC P0401: - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Flow Insufficient Detected
        • DTC P0402: - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Flow Excessive Detected
        • DTC P0403: - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Control Circuit
        • DTC P0405: - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Sensor A Circuit Low
        • DTC P0406: - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Sensor A Circuit High
        • DTC P0410: - Secondary Air Injection (Air) System
        • DTC P0412: - Secondary Air Injection (Air) System - Switching Valve A Circuit
        • DTC P0420: - Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1)
        • DTC P0430: - Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 2)
        • DTC P0442: - Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (Small Leak)
        • DTC P0443: - Evaporative Emission System Purge Control Valve Circuit
        • DTC P0446: - Evaporative Emission System Vent Control Circuit
        • DTC P0451: - Evaporative Emission System Pressure Sensor/Switch Range/Performance
        • DTC P0452: - Evaporative Emission System Pressure Sensor/Switch Low
        • DTC P0453: - Evaporative Emission System Pressure Sensor/Switch High
        • DTC P0454: - Evaporative Emission System Pressure Sensor/Switch Intermittent
        • DTC P0455: - Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (Gross Leak/No Flow)
        • DTC P0456: - Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (Very Small Leak)
        • DTC P0457: - Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (Fuel Cap Loose/Off)
        • DTC P0460: - Fuel Level Sensor A Circuit
        • DTC P0461: - Fuel Level Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P0462: - Fuel Level Sensor A Circuit Low
        • DTC P0463: - Fuel Level Sensor A Circuit High
        • DTC P0480: - Fan 1 Control Circuit
        • DTC P0481: - Fan 2 Control Circuit
        • DTC P0482: - Fan 3 Control Circuit
        • DTC P0483: - Fan Performance
        • DTC P0491: - Secondary Air Injection (Air) System Insufficient Flow (Bank 1)
        • DTC P0500: - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) A
        • DTC P0503: - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) A Intermittent/Erratic/High
        • DTC P0504: - Brake Switch Correlation
        • DTC P0505: - Idle Air Control (IAC) System
        • DTC P0506: - Idle Air Control (IAC) System Rpm Lower Than Expected
        • DTC P0507: - Idle Air Control (IAC) System Rpm Higher Than Expected
        • DTC P050A: - Cold Start Idle Air Control Performance
        • DTC P050B: - Cold Start Ignition Timing Performance
        • DTC P050E: - Cold Start Engine Exhaust Temperature Out Of Range
        • DTC P0511: - Idle Air Control (IAC) Circuit
        • DTC P0512: - Starter Request Circuit
        • DTC P0528: - Fan Speed Sensor Circuit No Signal
        • DTC P052A: - Cold Start Camshaft Position Timing Over-Advanced (Bank 1)
        • DTC P052B: - Cold Start Camshaft Position Timing Over-Retarded (Bank 1)
        • DTC P052C: - Cold Start Camshaft Position Timing Over-Advanced (Bank 2)
        • DTC P052D: - Cold Start Camshaft Position Timing Over-Retarded (Bank 2)
        • DTC P0532: - A/C Pressure Refrigerant Sensor A Circuit Low
        • DTC P0533: - A/C Refrigerant Pressure Sensor A Circuit High
        • DTC P0534: - A/C Refrigerant Charge Loss
        • DTC P0537: - A/C Evaporator Temperature Sensor Circuit Low
        • DTC P0538: - A/C Evaporator Temperature Sensor Circuit High
        • DTC P053A: - Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) Heater Control Circuit / Open
        • DTC P0552: - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Sensor/Switch Circuit Low
        • DTC P0553: - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Sensor Circuit High Input
        • DTC P0562: - System Voltage Low
        • DTC P0563: - System Voltage High
        • DTC P0571: - Brake Switch A Circuit
        • DTC P0572: - Brake Switch A Circuit Low
        • DTC P0573: - Brake Switch A Circuit High
        • DTC P0579: - Cruise Control MULTIFUNCTION Input A Circuit Range / Performance
        • DTC P0581: - Cruise Control MULTIFUNCTION Input A Circuit High
        • DTC P0600: - Serial Communication Link
        • DTC P0602: - Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Programming Error
        • DTC P0603: - Internal Control Module Keep Alive Memory (KAM) Error
        • DTC P0604: - Internal Control Module Random Access Memory (Ram) Error
        • DTC P0605: - Internal Control Module Read Only Memory (ROM) Error
        • DTC P0606: - Control Module Processor
        • DTC P0607: - Control Module Performance
        • DTC P060A: - Internal Control Module Monitoring Processor Performance
        • DTC P060B: - Internal Control Module A/D Processing Performance
        • DTC P060C: - Internal Control Module Main Processor Performance
        • DTC P060D: - Internal Control Module Accelerator Pedal Position Performance
        • DTC P0610: - Control Module Vehicle Options Error
        • DTC P061B: - Internal Control Module Torque Calculation Performance
        • DTC P061C: - Internal Control Module Engine Rpm Performance
        • DTC P061D: - Internal Control Module Engine Air Mass Performance
        • DTC P061F: - Internal Control Module Throttle Actuator Controller Performance
        • DTC P0620: - Generator Control Circuit
        • DTC P0622: - Generator Field Terminal Circuit
        • DTC P0625: - Generator Field Terminal Circuit Low
        • DTC P0626: - Generator Field Terminal Circuit High
        • DTC P0627: - Fuel Pump A Control Circuit/Open
        • DTC P062C: - Internal Control Module Vehicle Speed Performance
        • DTC P062F: - Internal Control Module EEPROM Error
        • DTC P0642: - Sensor Reference Voltage A Circuit Low
        • DTC P0643: - Sensor Reference Voltage A Circuit High
        • DTC P0645: - Air Conditioning Clutch Relay (A/CCR) Control Circuit
        • DTC P064D: - Internal Control Module O2 Sensor Processor Performance - Bank 1
        • DTC P064E: - Internal Control Module O2 Sensor Processor Performance - Bank 2
        • DTC P0657: - Actuator Supply Voltage A Circuit/Open
        • DTC P065B: - Generator Control Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P0660: - Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) Control Circuit Open - Bank 1
        • DTC P0663: - Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) Control Circuit Open - Bank 2
        • DTC P0685: - Electronic Control Module (ECM)/Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Power Relay Control Circuit/Open
        • DTC P0689: - Electronic Control Module (ECM)/Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Power Relay Sense Circuit Low
        • DTC P0690: - Electronic Control Module (ECM)/Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Power Relay Sense Circuit High
        • DTC P06B8: - Internal Control Module Non-Volatile Random Access Memory (NVRAM) Error
        • DTC P0703: - Brake Switch B Input Circuit
        • DTC P0704: - Clutch Switch Input Circuit
        • DTC P0705: - Transmission Range Sensor A Circuit (PRNDL) Input
        • DTC P0707: - Transmission Range Sensor A Circuit Low
        • DTC P0708: - Transmission Range Sensor A Circuit High
        • DTC P071X: - Transmission Code
        • DTC P0720: - Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Circuit
        • DTC P0721: - Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P0722: - Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Circuit No Signal
        • DTC P0723: - Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Circuit Intermittent
        • DTC P073X: - Transmission Code
        • DTC P074X: - Transmission Code
        • DTC P075X: - Transmission Code
        • DTC P076X: - Transmission Code
        • DTC P077X: - Transmission Code
        • DTC P078X: - Transmission Code
        • DTC P079X: - Transmission Code
        • DTC P0815: - Upshift Switch Circuit
        • DTC P0830: - Clutch Pedal Switch A Circuit
        • DTC P0833: - Clutch Pedal Switch B Circuit
        • DTC P0840: - Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch A Circuit
        • DTC P09XX: - Transmission Code
        • DTC P1000: - On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) Systems Readiness Test Not Complete
        • DTC P1001: - Key On Engine Running (KOER) Not Able To Complete, KOER Aborted
        • DTC P1100: - Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor Circuit Intermittent
        • DTC P1101: - Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P1112: - Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Circuit Intermittent
        • DTC P1114: - Intake Air Temperature 2 (IAT2) Circuit Low (Supercharged/Turbocharged Engines)
        • DTC P1115: - Intake Air Temperature 2 (IAT2) Circuit High (Supercharged/Turbocharged Engines)
        • DTC P1116: - Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P1117: - Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Circuit Intermittent
        • DTC P1120: - Throttle Position Sensor A Out Of Range Low (RATCH Too Low)
        • DTC P1124: - Throttle Position Sensor A Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P1127: - Exhaust Temperature Out Of Range, O2 Sensor Tests Not Completed
        • DTC P115E: - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) Throttle Body Air Flow Trim At Max Limit
        • DTC P117A: - Engine Oil Over Temperature - Forced Limited Power
        • DTC P1184: - Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P1227: - WASTEGATE Failed Closed (Over Pressure)
        • DTC P1228: - WASTEGATE Failed Open (Under Pressure)
        • DTC P1229: - Charge Air Cooler (CAC) Pump Driver
        • DTC P1233: - Fuel Pump Driver Module Disabled Or Off Line
        • DTC P1234: - Fuel Pump Driver Module Disabled Or Off Line
        • DTC P1235: - Fuel Pump Control Out Of Range
        • DTC P1236: - Fuel Pump Control Out Of Range
        • DTC P1237: - Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit
        • DTC P1238: - Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit
        • DTC P1244: - Alternator Load High Input
        • DTC P1245: - Alternator Load Low Input
        • DTC P1246: - Alternator Load Input
        • DTC P1260: - Theft Detected, Vehicle Immobilized
        • DTC P1270: - Engine Rpm Or Vehicle Speed Limiter Reached
        • DTC P1285: - Cylinder Head Over Temperature Condition
        • DTC P1288: - Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P1289: - Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor Circuit High
        • DTC P128A: - Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic
        • DTC P1290: - Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor Circuit Low
        • DTC P1299: - Cylinder Head Over Temperature Protection Active
        • DTC P1336: - Crankshaft/Camshaft Sensor Range/Performance
        • DTC P1397: - System Voltage Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P1405: - Differential Pressure Feedback Sensor Upstream Hose Off Or Plugged
        • DTC P1406: - Differential Pressure Feedback Sensor Downstream Hose Off Or Plugged
        • DTC P1408: - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Flow Out Of Self-Test Range (Non-Mil)
        • DTC P1409: - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Vacuum Regulator Solenoid Circuit
        • DTC P1436: - A/C Evaporator Air Temperature Circuit Low
        • DTC P1437: - A/C Evaporator Air Temperature Circuit High
        • DTC P144A: - Evaporative Emission System Purge Vapor Line Restricted/Blocked
        • DTC P1450: - Unable To Bleed Up Fuel Tank Vacuum
        • DTC P1451: - Evaporative Emission System Vent Control Circuit
        • DTC P145E: - PCV Heater Control B Circuit
        • DTC P1460: - Wide Open Throttle A/C Cutout Circuit
        • DTC P1461: - A/C Pressure Sensor Circuit High
        • DTC P1462: - Air Conditioning Pressure (A/Cp) Sensor Low Voltage Detected
        • DTC P1463: - Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor (A/Cp) Insufficient Pressure Change
        • DTC P1464: - A/C Demand Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P1469: - Rapid A/C Cycling
        • DTC P1474: - Fan Control Primary Circuit
        • DTC P1477: - Additional Fan Relay Circuit
        • DTC P1479: - High Fan Control Primary Circuit
        • DTC P1489: - PCV Heater Control Circuit
        • DTC P1500: - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS)
        • DTC P1501: - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P1502: - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Intermittent
        • DTC P1504: - Idle Air Control (IAC) Circuit
        • DTC P1506: - Idle Air Control (IAC) OVERSPEED Error
        • DTC P1507: - Idle Air Control (IAC) UNDERSPEED Error
        • DTC P1512: - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Closed (Bank 1)
        • DTC P1513: - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Closed (Bank 2)
        • DTC P1516: - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Input Error (Bank 1)
        • DTC P1517: - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Input Error (Bank 2)
        • DTC P1518: - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Open Bank 1
        • DTC P1519: - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Closed Bank 1
        • DTC P151A: - Intake Manifold Runner Controller Performance
        • DTC P1520: - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Circuit
        • DTC P1537: - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Open (Bank 1)
        • DTC P1538: - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Open (Bank 2)
        • DTC P1548: - Engine Air Filter Restriction
        • DTC P1549: - Intake Manifold Communication Control (IMCC) Circuit (Bank 1)
        • DTC P1550: - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P1561: - Brake Line Pressure Sensor Circuit
        • DTC P1572: - Brake Pedal Switch Circuit
        • DTC P1575: - Pedal Position Out Of Self Test Range
        • DTC P1633: - Keep Alive Power (KAPWR) Voltage Too Low
        • DTC P1635: - Tire/Axle Ratio Out Of Acceptable Range
        • DTC P1636: - Inductive Signature Chip Communication Error
        • DTC P1639: - Vehicle Id (VID) Block Corrupted, Not Programmed
        • DTC P1640: - Powertrain DTCS Available In Another Module
        • DTC P1646: - Linear O2 Sensor Control Chip (Bank 1)
        • DTC P1647: - Linear O2 Sensor Control Chip (Bank 2)
        • DTC P1650: - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P1651: - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch Input
        • DTC P1674: - Control Module Software Corrupted
        • DTC P1703: - Brake Switch Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P1705: - Transmission Range Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P1709: - Park/Neutral Position (PNP) Switch Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P1729: - 4X4L Switch
        • DTC P1780: - Transmission Control Switch (TCS) Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P1781: - 4X4L Switch Out Of Self-Test Range
        • DTC P17XX: - Automatic Transmission Related Codes
        • DTC P18XX: - 4WD System Related Codes
        • DTC P1900: - Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Circuit Intermittent
        • DTC P1901: - Turbine Shaft Speed (TSS) Sensor Circuit Intermittent
        • DTC P2004: - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Open (Bank 1)
        • DTC P2005: - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Open (Bank 2)
        • DTC P2006: - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Closed (Bank 1)
        • DTC P2007: - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Closed (Bank 2)
        • DTC P2008: - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Circuit Open (Bank 1)
        • DTC P2014: - Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Circuit (Bank 1)
        • DTC P2015: - Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 1)
        • DTC P2019: - Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Circuit (Bank 2)
        • DTC P2020: - Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 2)
        • DTC P2065: - Fuel Level Sensor B Circuit
        • DTC P2066: - Fuel Level Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P2067: - Fuel Level Sensor B Circuit Low
        • DTC P2068: - Fuel Level Sensor B Circuit High
        • DTC P2070: - Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) Stuck Open Bank 1
        • DTC P2071: - Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) Stuck Closed Bank 1
        • DTC P2072: - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) System - Ice Breakage
        • DTC P2096: - Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Lean Bank 1
        • DTC P2097: - Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Rich Bank 1
        • DTC P2098: - Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Lean Bank 2
        • DTC P2099: - Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Rich Bank 2
        • DTC P2100: - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) Motor Circuit/Open
        • DTC P2101: - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) Motor Range/Performance
        • DTC P2104: - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) System - Forced Idle
        • DTC P2105: - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) System - Forced Engine Shutdown
        • DTC P2107: - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) Module Processor
        • DTC P2110: - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) System - Forced Limited Rpm
        • DTC P2111: - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) System - Stuck Open
        • DTC P2112: - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) System - Stuck Closed
        • P2119: - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) System - Stuck Closed
        • DTC P2121: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch D Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P2122: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch D Circuit Low
        • DTC P2123: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch D Circuit High
        • DTC P2126: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch E Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P2127: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch E Circuit Low
        • DTC P2128: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch E Circuit High
        • DTC P2131: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch F Circuit Range/Performance
        • DTC P2132: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch F Circuit Low
        • DTC P2133: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch F Circuit High
        • DTC P2135: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A/B Voltage Correlation
        • DTC P2138: - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch D/E Voltage Correlation
        • DTC P2195: - O2 Sensor Signal Biased/Stuck Lean - Bank 1, Sensor 1
        • DTC P2196: - O2 Sensor Signal Biased/Stuck Rich - Bank 1, Sensor 1
        • DTC P2197: - O2 Sensor Signal Biased/Stuck Lean - Bank 2, Sensor 1
        • DTC P2198: - O2 Sensor Signal Biased/Stuck Rich - Bank 2, Sensor 1
        • DTC P2257: - Secondary Air Injection (Air) System Control A Circuit Low
        • DTC P2258: - Secondary Air Injection (Air) System Control A Circuit High
        • DTC P2270: - O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Lean - Bank 1, Sensor 2
        • DTC P2271: - O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Rich - Bank 1, Sensor 2
        • DTC P2272: - O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Lean - Bank 2, Sensor 2
        • DTC P2273: - O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Rich - Bank 2, Sensor 2
        • DTC P2274: - O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Lean - Bank 1, Sensor 3
        • DTC P2275: - O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Rich - Bank 1, Sensor 3
        • DTC P2448: - Secondary Air Injection System High Airflow (Bank 1)
        • DTC P260F: - Evaporative System Monitoring Processor Performance
        • DTC P2610: - Electronic Control Module (ECM)/Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Internal Engine Off Timer Performance
        • DTC PXXXX: -
        • DTC U0101: - Lost Communication With Transaxle Control Module (TCM)
        • DTC U0109: - Lost Communication With Fuel Pump Control Module
        • DTC U0121: - Lost Communication With Anti-Lock Brake System (Abs) Control Module
        • DTC U0155: - Lost Communication With Instrument Panel Cluster Control Module
        • DTC U0300: - Internal Control Module Software Incompatibility
        • DTC U1039: - SCP (J1850) Invalid Or Missing Data For Vehicle Speed
        • DTC U210B: - Lost Communication Between Fuel Pump Control Module And Restraints Control Module
        • DTC UXXXX: - Network Communication Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC)
    • Engine Controls - Reference Values (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Reference Value Symptom Chart
      • Reference Value Parameter Identification (PID)/Measured Signal Chart
      • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
        • Notes
        • Focus
          • 2.0L 4V Focus
        • Fusion/Milan
          • 2.3L 4V Fusion/Milan
          • 3.0L 4V Fusion/Milan
        • Edge/MKX
          • 3.5L 4V Edge/MKX
        • MKZ
          • 3.5L 4V MKZ
        • Flex/Taurus/Taurus X/Sable
          • 3.5L 4V Flex/Taurus/Taurus X/Sable
        • Mks
          • 3.7L 4V Mks
        • Mustang
          • 4.0L Mustang
          • 4.6L 3V Mustang
          • 5.4L 4V Mustang
        • Crown Victoria/Grand Marquis
          • 4.6L 2V Crown Victoria/Grand Marquis
        • Town Car
          • 4.6L 2V Town Car
        • Escape/Mariner
          • 2.5L 4V Escape/Mariner
          • 3.0L 4V Escape/Mariner
        • Ranger
          • 2.3L Ranger
          • 4.0L Ranger
        • Explorer/Explorer Sport Trac/Mountaineer
          • 4.0L Explorer/Explorer Sport Trac/Mountaineer
          • 4.6L 3V Explorer/Explorer Sport Trac/Mountaineer
        • F-150
          • 4.6L 2V F-150
          • 4.6L 3V F-150
          • 5.4L 3V F-150
        • E-Series
          • 4.6L 2V E-Series
          • 5.4L 2V E-Series
          • 6.8L 2V E-Series
        • Expedition/Navigator
          • 5.4L 3V Expedition/Navigator
        • F250-F550 Super Duty
          • 5.4L 3V
          • 6.8L 3V
  • Tune-Up
    • Engine Ignition System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine Ignition
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Engine Ignition
      • Removal And Installation
        • Engine Ignition Components - Exploded View
        • Ignition Coil-On-Plug
          • Removal And Installation
        • Spark Plugs
          • Removal And Installation
• General Information
  • Abbreviations
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
  • Basic Trouble Shooting
    • Basic Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Accessories & Electrical
        • Charging System Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
      • Air Conditioning & Heat
        • Air Conditioning Trouble Shooting
        • Heater System Trouble Shooting
      • Brakes
        • Brake System Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Mechanical
        • Cooling System Trouble Shooting
        • Gasoline Engine - Mechanical Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Performance
        • Carburetor Trouble Shooting:
        • Diesel Engine Trouble Shooting
        • Fuel Injection Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
        • Tune-Up Trouble Shooting - Gas Engine Vehicles
        • Vacuum Pump - Diesel Trouble Shooting
      • Manual Transmission
        • Manual Transmission Trouble Shooting
      • Powertrain
        • Clutch Trouble Shooting
        • Drive Axle - Noise Diagnosis
          • Unrelated Noises
          • Non-Drive Axle Noises
          • Gear Noise
          • Chuckle
          • Knock
          • Clunk
          • Bearing Whine
          • Bearing Rumble
          • Chatter On Turns
          • Axle Shaft Noise
          • Vibration
        • Drive Axle - RWD Trouble Shooting
        • Fwd Axle Shafts & CV Joints Trouble Shooting
      • Steering & Suspension
        • Manual Steering Gear Trouble Shooting
        • Power Steering Trouble Shooting
        • Steering Column Trouble Shooting
        • Suspension Trouble Shooting
        • Wheel Alignment Trouble Shooting
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Engine Performance - Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Engine Performance
  • Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions
    • Map - Brake Systems
      • Brake Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accelerometers
        • Accumulators
        • Anchor Pins
        • Anti-Lock Brake Control Assembly(Module)
        • Anti-Lock Brake Controller
        • Anti-Lock Brake Systems
        • Axle Seal
        • Backing Plates
        • Bleeder Screw
        • Brake Abs Active Light (Blue)
        • Brake Fluid
        • Brake Friction Material
        • Brake On - Off Switch
        • Brake Pads
        • Brake Pedals
        • Brake Shoe Hardware
        • Brake Shoes
        • Brake Stoplight Switches
        • Brake Warning Light (Amber)
        • Brake Warning Light (Red)
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs And LEDS
        • Caliper Hardware
        • Caliper Mounting Pin
        • Caliper Piston
        • Caliper Shim
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt) Dust Boot
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt)
        • Calipers
        • Combination Valve
        • Controllers
        • Digital Ratio Axle Controllers And Buffers (Drab And Dram)
        • Disable Switches
        • Drums
        • Electrical Brake Pumps
        • Electrical Park Motor
        • Electrical Pumps And Motors
        • Electro-Magnetic Interference
        • Electronic Brake Control Modulator
        • Electronic Brake Distribution
        • Electronic Brake Traction Control Module
        • Electronic Controllers
        • Electronic Traction Control
        • External Brake Cable
        • Flow Control Valve
        • Fluid Level Sensor Switches
        • Fluid
        • Four Wheel Drive Switches
        • Friction Material
        • G Sensors
        • Gaskets
        • Gravitational Switches
        • Grease Seal
        • Height Sensing Proportioning Valve
        • High Pressure Accumulator
        • Hoses
        • Hub
        • Hydraulic Control Unit
        • Hydraulic Modulators
        • Hydro-Boosters
        • Hydro-Electric Boosters (POWERMASTER)
        • Ignition Disable Switches
        • Lamp Driver Relay
        • Lateral Acceleration Switches
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Low Pressure Accumulator
        • Lug Nut
        • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
        • Master Cylinders
        • Modulators
        • Motor Pack
        • Motors
        • Pads
        • Parking Brake Cable
        • Parking Brake Mechanism
        • Parking Brake Shoes
        • Parking Brake Switches
        • Parking Brake Systems
        • Pedal Travel Switches
        • Pedals
        • Power Distribution Center
        • POWERMASTER
        • Pressure Differential Switches
        • Pressure Switches
        • Pressure Transducers
        • Proportioning Valve
        • Pumps
        • Relays
        • RELUCTOR (Speed) Ring
        • Rotors
        • Self-Adjusting Systems
        • Shoe Hardware
        • Shoes
        • Sockets
        • Speed Sensor (RELUCTOR) Ring
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Star Wheel
        • Steel Brake Lines
        • Stoplight Switches
        • Stroke Sensor
        • Switches
        • Tires
        • Tone Ring
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Traction Control System (TCS)
        • Transfer Tubes
        • Vacuum Boosters
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Valves
        • Wear Indicator
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheel Cylinders
        • Wiring Harnesses
        • Yaw Rate Sensor
      • Brake System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Map - Routine Inspection Reference Guide
      • Routine Inspection Reference Guide
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Maintenance Overview
          • Antifreeze/Coolant
          • Visual Inspection
          • Radiator Cap Test
          • Engine Fan
          • Cooling System Power Flush And Refill
          • Belts (Except Timing Belts)
          • Belt TENSIONER
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid Exchange & Filter Replacement
          • Engine Oil
          • Air Filters
          • Cabin Air Filter
          • Brake Fluid
          • Battery
          • Battery Cables
          • Power Steering
          • Power Steering Fluid
          • Wiper Blades
        • Routine Inspection CHECKSHEET
        • Routine Inspection - UICS
          • Brake Systems
            • Notes
            • Brake Fluid
            • Bulbs And LEDS
            • Hoses
            • Lenses
            • Lug Nut
            • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
            • Parking Brake Cable
            • Vacuum Hoses
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
          • Drivetrain And Transmission
            • Notes
            • Automatic Transmission Fluid
            • Clutch Master Cylinders
            • Cooler Lines
            • Coolers
            • Differential Fluid
            • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Filters And Screens
            • Fluids And Lubricants
            • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
            • Hydraulic Fluid
            • Lubricants
            • Manual Transmission Fluid
            • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
            • Transfer Case Fluid
            • Vacuum Hoses
          • Electrical Systems
            • Batteries
            • Battery Cables
            • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
            • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
            • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
            • Ground Cables And Straps
            • Ground Straps
            • Lenses
            • Sealed Beams
            • Washer Pumps
            • Wiper Arms And Blades
            • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
            • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
          • Engine Performance And Maintenance
            • Notes
            • Accessory Belts
            • Air Filter Elements
            • Air Filter Gaskets
            • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
            • Air Pump Belts
            • Batteries
            • Battery Connectors
            • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
            • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
            • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
            • Coolant Recovery Tanks
            • Coolant
            • Distributor Caps
            • Distributor Rotors
            • Engine Cooling Systems
            • Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
            • Engine Oil
            • Fuel Filters
            • Fuel Injector Cleaning
            • Fuel Injectors
            • Fuel System Cleaning Service
            • Hose Clamps
            • Hose Connectors
            • Hose Couplers
            • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
            • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
            • Intake Cleaning
            • O2 Sensors
            • PCV Breather Elements
            • PCV Valves
            • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
            • Spark Plugs
            • Thermostats And Housings
            • Throttle Body Cleaning
            • Timing Belts
            • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
          • Exhaust Systems
            • Notes
            • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
          • Heating, Ventilation And Air Conditioning Systems
            • Notes
            • Belts
            • Cabin Air Filters
            • Coolant
            • Evaporator Drain Tubes
            • Evaporator Filters
            • In-Line Filters
            • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
          • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
            • Notes
            • Hydraulic Hoses
            • Power Steering Belts
            • Power Steering Fluid
            • Power Steering Hoses
            • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
            • Strut Rods
            • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
            • Tire Pressure Sensors
            • Tires
            • Valve Stems
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
      • Wheel & Tire Supplement
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
        • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
        • Wheel & Tire - UICS
          • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
          • Tire Pressure Sensors
          • Tires
          • Wheel Alignment
          • Wheel Attachment Hardware
          • Wheels (Rims)
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Check Lists
    • Symptom Check List Worksheet - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose
        • Notes
        • Why Use the Symptom Check List Worksheets?
        • Making the Worksheets a Part of Your Normal Routine
      • Symptom Check List Worksheets
        • Condensed Version - All On One Page
        • Full Version - All On Four Pages
        • Individual System-Based Check Lists
  • OBD-II Drive Cycles
    • 1996-99 Gasoline Models (Except Villager)
      • Introduction
      • Vehicle Preparation for OBD-II or Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle
      • Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycles
    • 1996 Villager
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle Test Procedure
      • Misfire Detection Repair Verification Drive Cycle
    • 1997-99 Villager
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle
    • 2000-04 Gasoline Models
      • Introduction
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
      • Drive Cycle Procedures
    • 2005-09 Gasoline Models
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
        • Notes
        • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2010-12 Gasoline Models (Except Fiesta)
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2011-12 Fiesta
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2003-07 6.0L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure:
    • 2008-10 6.4L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure:
    • 2011-12 6.7L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure
    • 1996-03 7.3L Diesel
      • Description
      • Performing Drive Cycle
    • 2005-09 Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2005-12 Escape Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle
    • 2011-12 Fusion Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
  • Driveline/Axles
    • Drive Axle Noise Diagnosis - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Unrelated Noises
      • Non-Drive Axle Noises
      • Gear Noise
      • Chuckle
      • Knock
      • Clunk
      • Bearing Whine
      • Bearing Rumble
      • Chatter On Turns
      • Axle Shaft Noise
      • Vibration
    • Gear Tooth Contact Patterns - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Inspection
        • Notes
        • Gear Tooth Contact Pattern
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Gear Backlash & Pinion Shim Changes
    • Map - Drive Train & Transmission
      • Drive Train & Transmission Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Drivetrain And Transmission
        • Notes
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Automatic Transmission / Transaxle Assemblies/CVTS
        • Automatic Transmission Fluid
        • Axles
        • Bearings And Races
        • Bell Cranks
        • Bell Housings
        • Bushings (External)
        • Cables (Speedometer)
        • Cables (TV, Detent And Shift)
        • Carrier Bearings
        • Clutch Cables And Cable Housings
        • Clutch Discs (Manual Transmissions)
        • Clutch Forks
        • Clutch Linkages (Mechanical)
        • Clutch Master Cylinders
        • Clutch Pedals
        • Clutch Pivots
        • Clutch Pressure Plates
        • Clutch Release Bearings
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Concentric)
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Conventional Or External)
        • Companion Flanges
        • Connectors
        • Cooler Bypass Valves
        • Cooler Lines
        • Coolers
        • CV Joints
        • Differential And Final Drive Assemblies
        • Differential Fluid
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks (Fluid Level Indicators)
        • Dowel Pins, Guides And Pilot Holes
        • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Drive Shaft Flanges
        • Drive Shafts And Half Shafts
        • Dust Boots
        • Engine Mounts
        • Exciter Rings
        • Filler Tubes
        • Filters And Screens
        • Flanges
        • Flex Plates
        • Fluid Level Indicators
        • Fluids And Lubricants
        • Flywheels
        • Force Motors
        • Gaskets
        • Guides
        • Half Shafts
        • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
        • Housings (Bell, Case, Tail(Extension) And Auxiliary)
        • Hydraulic Fluid
        • Intermediate Shaft Support Bearings
        • Key Interlock Systems
        • Limited Slips
        • Lines
        • Linkages (External)
        • Locking Hub Assemblies
        • Locking Hub Control Knobs
        • Lubricants
        • Manual Transmission Fluid
        • Manual Transmission/Transaxle Assemblies
        • Metal Clad Seals
        • METALASTIC Joints
        • Modulator Pins
        • Modulators
        • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
        • Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Oil Pans
        • Pans
        • Pilot Holes
        • Pressure Plates
        • Pressure Switches
        • Races
        • Rubber Joints (METALASTIC)
        • Screens
        • Seals (Metal Clad)
        • Seals
        • Selector Interlock Systems
        • Sensors
        • Servos
        • Shift Interlock Systems (Selector And Key Interlock Systems)
        • Side Covers
        • Slip Yokes
        • Solenoids
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Speedometer- Driven Gear Housing
        • Speedometer/Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Speedometer/Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Speedometers/Odometers (Electronic)
        • Switches
        • Tone Wheels
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Torque Converters
        • Transaxle Mounts
        • Transducers (Transmission)
        • Transfer Case Assemblies
        • Transfer Case Fluid
        • Transmission Coolers
        • Transmission Mounts
        • Transmission Pans
        • Transmission Range Indicators (PRNDL)
        • Tubes
        • Universal Joints (CARDAN Or Cross Type)
        • Vacuum Controls
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Vacuum Motors
        • Vacuum-Operated Switches
        • Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Vents
        • Vibration Dampers
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Speed Sensors
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
        • Yokes And Slip Yokes
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Trouble Shooting - Clutches - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • All Models
  • DTC Index
    • Anti-Theft DTCS
      • Anti-Theft - Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats)
      • Anti-Theft - Perimeter
    • Automatic Transaxle/Transmission DTCS
    • Charging System - General Information DTCS
    • Climate Control System - General Information & Diagnostics DTCS
    • Engine Cooling DTCS
    • Fire Suppression System DTCS
    • Fuel System - General Information DTCS
    • Gauge And Instrument Panels DTCS
      • Instrument Cluster And Panel Illumination
      • Instrument Cluster (Ic), Message Center, And Warning Chimes
    • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms DTCS
    • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems DTCS
    • Information And Entertainment Systems DTCS
    • Lighting DTCS
      • Exterior Lighting
      • Interior Lighting
    • Module Communications Network DTCS
    • Module Configuration DTCS
    • MULTIFUNCTION Electronic Modules DTCS
    • Powertrain DTC Charts And Descriptions - Gasoline Engines DTCS
    • Speed Control DTCS
    • Starting System DTCS
    • Steering Column Switches DTCS
    • Steering System - General Information DTCS
    • Supplemental Restraint System DTCS
    • Vehicle Dynamic Suspension DTCS
    • Vehicle Dynamic Systems DTCS
    • Wheels And Tires DTCS
    • Wipers/Washers DTCS
  • Electrical
    • Map - Electrical Systems
      • Electrical Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Actuator Motors (Electric)
        • Actuator Motors (Vacuum)
        • Air Bags
        • Alternators And Generators
        • Amplifiers
        • Antennas
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Cables
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belts
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
        • Cd Players
        • Cigarette Lighter Assemblies
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Clutch Switches
        • Connectors
        • Control Modules
        • Cruise Control Brake Switches
        • Cruise Control Cables
        • Cruise Control Clutch Switches
        • Cruise Control Linkages And Cables
        • Cruise Control Reservoirs
        • Cruise Control Tubes
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Dump Release Valves
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And
        • Cruise Control Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Defoggers
        • Defrosters
        • Delays
        • Dimmers
        • Electric Heaters
        • Equalizers
        • Fuse Blocks
        • Fuse Boxes And Blocks
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gauges
        • Generators
        • Ground Cables And Straps
        • Ground Straps
        • Headlight Adjusters
        • Heating Elements (Defrosters, Defoggers, Electric Heaters And Seats)
        • Horns And Sirens
        • Ignition Switches
        • Indicator Lights
        • Keyless Entry Keypads And Transmitters
        • Keyless Entry Transmitters
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Microphones
        • Mirrors (ELECTROCHROMATIC And Heated)
        • Motors
        • Neutral Safety Switches
        • Odometers, Speedometers And Tachometers (Cable Driven)
        • Odometers
        • Power Distribution Center
        • Pulleys
        • Receivers, Amplifiers, Equalizers And Sub-Woofer Volume Controls
        • Relay Boxes
        • Relays
        • Sealed Beams
        • Seat Heaters
        • Security Alarm Sensors
        • Sirens
        • Solenoids
        • Speakers And Microphones
        • Speedometer And Tachometer Linkages And Cables
        • Speedometer Cables
        • Speedometers
        • Starters
        • Sub-Woofer Volume Control
        • Switches
        • Tachometer Cables
        • Tachometers
        • Tape Players And Cd Players
        • TENSIONERS
        • Timers
        • Transceivers
        • Transducers
        • Vacuum Accumulators (Reservoirs)
        • Voltage Regulators
        • Washer Fluid Level Senders
        • Washer Pumps
        • Wiper Arms And Blades
        • Wiper Blades
        • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
        • Wiper Linkages
        • Wiper Nozzles
        • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Battery, Starting & Charging System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
  • Engine
    • Engine Overhaul Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Engine Identification
      • Inspection Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Magnetic Particle Inspection
          • Notes
          • Magnaflux & Magnaglo
        • Penetrant Inspection
          • Notes
          • Zyglo
          • Dye Check
        • Ultrasonic Inspection
        • X-Ray Inspection
        • Pressure Testing
      • Cleaning Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Bead Blasting
        • Chemical Cleaning
      • Component Cleaning
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Sheet Metal Parts
        • Intake & Exhaust Manifolds
      • Cylinder Head Replacement
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Installation
        • Valve Adjustment
      • Cylinder Head Overhaul
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cylinder Head Disassembly
        • Cylinder Head Cleaning & Inspection
        • Valve Springs
        • Valve Guide
          • Notes
          • Measuring Valve Guide Clearance
          • Reaming Valve Guide
          • Replacing Valve Guide
        • Valves & Valve Seats
          • Notes
          • Valve Grinding
          • Valve Lapping
          • Valve Seat Grinding
          • Valve Seat Replacement
          • Valve Seat Concentricity
        • Cylinder Head Reassembly
          • Notes
          • Valve Stem Installed Height
        • Valve Stem Oil Seals
          • Notes
          • Replacement (On-Vehicle)
        • Valve Spring Installed Height
        • Rocker Arms & Assemblies
          • Notes
          • Rocker Studs
          • Rocker Arms & Shafts
        • Push Rods
        • Lifters
          • Notes
          • Hydraulic Lifters
          • Mechanical Lifters
      • Pistons, Connecting Rods & Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Ridge Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Cleaning
          • Inspection
        • Piston & Cylinder Bore Fit
        • Assembling Piston & Connecting Rod
        • Checking Piston Ring Clearances
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Installation
        • Connecting Rod Side Clearance
        • Main & Connecting Rod Bearing Clearance
          • Notes
          • Plastigage Method
          • Micrometer & Telescopic Gauge Method
      • Crankshaft & Main Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Installation
        • Crankshaft End Play
          • Notes
          • Dial Indicator Method
          • Feeler Gauge Method
        • Cylinder Block
          • Notes
          • Block Cleaning
          • Block Inspection
          • Cylinder Bore Inspection
          • Cylinder Honing
          • Deck Warpage
          • Deck Height
          • Main Bearing Bore & Alignment
          • Expansion Plug Removal
          • Expansion Plug Installation
          • Oil Gallery Plug Removal
          • Oil Gallery Plug Installation
      • Camshaft
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Camshaft Bearings
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Camshaft Installation
        • Camshaft End Play
      • Timing Chains & Belts
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Chains
        • Timing Belts
        • Tension Adjustment
      • Timing Gears
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Gear Backlash & RUNOUT
        • Rear Main Oil Seal Installation
          • Notes
          • One-Piece Type Seal
          • Rope Type Seal
          • Split-Rubber Type Seal
      • Oil Pump
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Rotor Type
        • Gear Type
      • Break-In Procedure
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Engine Pre-Oiling
        • Initial Start-Up
        • Camshaft
        • Piston Rings
        • Final Adjustments
    • General Cooling System Service - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Maintenance
        • Draining
        • Flushing
          • Notes
          • Radiator
          • Engine Block
        • Refilling
      • Testing
        • Thermostat
        • Pressure Testing
          • Notes
          • Radiator Cap
          • Cooling System
  • Engine Performance
    • Electrostatic Discharge Warning - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Introduction
      • Handling Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
      • Checking Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
    • Engine Performance Diagnostic Routine Outline - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Where Does DRIVEABILITY Diagnosis Start?
        • Perform Basic Inspection
        • Check For Trouble Codes
        • Diagnose Symptom
        • Test System
    • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
      • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
    • Map - Engine Performance & Maintenance
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance (Including Exhaust Systems)
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Engine Performance & Maintenance CHECKSHEET
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance
        • Notes
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor
        • Accessory Belts
        • Accessory Pulleys
        • Air Conditioning Cycling Switches
        • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensors
        • Air Ducts And Tubes
        • Air Filter Elements
        • Air Filter Gaskets
        • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
        • Air Fuel Ratio Sensors
        • Air Injection Control Solenoids
        • Air Plenums
        • Air Pump Belts
        • Air Pumps (Electric Driven)
        • Air Tubes
        • Aspirator, Check And DECEL Valves
        • Baffles
        • Ballast Primary Supply Resistor Wires
        • Ballast Resistors And Primary Supply Resistors
        • Barometric Pressure Sensors
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Connectors
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
        • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
        • Belt-Driven Air Pumps
        • Boost Control Mechanism
        • Camshaft Position Sensors
        • Carburetors And Chokes
        • Casting Core Plugs And Expansion Plugs
        • Charge Air Coolers ""INTERCOOLERS"" (CAC)
        • Check Valves
        • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Chokes
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switches
        • Cold Start Injectors
        • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
        • Connectors
        • Coolant Recovery Tanks
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Motor Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Relays And Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Resistors
        • Cooling Fan Motor Sensors And Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motor Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Crankshaft Position Sensors
        • Cylinder Deactivation Solenoid
        • Cylinder Head Assemblies
        • DECEL Valves
        • Deflectors
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks And Tubes
        • Distributor Advances And Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Boots And Shields
        • Distributor Caps
        • Distributor Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Rotors
        • Distributor Shields
        • Distributors
        • Early Fuel Evaporation Valves (Heat Riser Assemblies)
        • EGR Coolers
        • EGR Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Intake And Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Plates And Coolers
        • Electronic Spark Control Modules
        • Electronic Transmission Control Devices
        • Electronic Transmission Feedback Devices
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensors
        • Engine Cooling Systems
        • Engine Covers (Oil Pan, Valve Cover, Timing Cover)
        • Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Engine Oil Canisters
        • Engine Oil Coolers (External)
        • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
        • Engine Oil Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Pressure Gauges (Mechanical)
        • Engine Oil
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Filters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Purge Devices
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canisters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Feedback Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Feedback Devices
        • Expansion Plugs
        • Fan Control Sensor
        • Fuel Accumulators And Dampers
        • Fuel And Cold Start Injectors
        • Fuel Caps
        • Fuel Dampers
        • Fuel Delivery Check Valves
        • Fuel Distributors (BOSCH Cis)
        • Fuel Filler Necks And RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel Filters
        • Fuel Injector Cleaning
        • Fuel Injectors
        • Fuel Level Senders
        • Fuel Pressure Regulators
        • Fuel Pumps (In-Tank, External, Electrical Or Mechanical)
        • Fuel Rails
        • Fuel RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel System Cleaning Service
        • Fuel Tanks
        • Fuel
        • Gaskets
        • Grommets (Valve Cover)
        • Harmonic Dampers
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Hose Clamps
        • Hose Connectors
        • Hose Couplers
        • Hoses And Tube Couplers, Connectors And Clamps
        • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
        • Housings
        • Idle Air Controls
        • Idle Speed Control Actuators
        • Ignition Boots
        • Ignition Coil Towers
        • Ignition Coils
        • Ignition Control Modules (ICM)
        • Ignition Switches
        • Ignition Terminals
        • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
        • Inertia Fuel Shut-Off Switches
        • Intake Air Temperature Sensors
        • Intake Cleaning
        • Intake Manifolds
        • In-Tank Fuel Strainers
        • INTERCOOLERS
        • Knock Sensors
        • Liquid Vapor Separators
        • Long Block Assemblies
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensors
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensors
        • Metal Air Manifolds And Pipes
        • Metal Air Pipes
        • Mix Control Solenoids
        • Motor Mounts
        • O2 Sensors
        • Oil Pans
        • Oil Pressure Sending Units
        • Oil Pump Pick-Up Screens
        • Oil Pumps
        • O-Rings, Gaskets, Seals And Spring Locks
        • Park Neutral Position Switches
        • PCV Breather Elements
        • PCV Orifices
        • PCV Valves
        • Pick-Up Assemblies (Includes Magnetic, Hall Effect And Optical)
        • Power Steering Pressure Sensors
        • Powertrain Control Modules (Pcm) And Prom
        • Powertrain Control Prom
        • Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Blades
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiators
        • Roll Over Valves
        • Sealing Compounds
        • Seals
        • Secondary Air Injection System Management Devices
        • Sensors
        • Short Block Assemblies
        • Shrouds, Baffles And Deflectors
        • Spark Plugs
        • Spring Locks
        • Super Chargers
        • Switches
        • Thermal Vacuum Valves
        • Thermostatic Air Door Assemblies
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Throttle Bodies
        • Throttle Body Cleaning
        • Throttle Cables
        • Throttle Linkages And Cables
        • Throttle Position Sensors
        • Throttle Position Switches
        • Timing Belt Sprockets
        • Timing Belts
        • Timing Covers
        • Torque Struts
        • Transmission Range Switches
        • Tube Clamps
        • Tube Connectors
        • Tube Couplers
        • Tubes
        • Turbo Chargers
        • Vacuum Connections
        • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
        • Vacuum Regulator Solenoids
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valve Covers
        • Vehicle Speed Senors
        • Volume Air Flow Sensors
        • Waste Gate And Boost Control Mechanisms
        • Waste Gate Control Solenoids
        • Water Pumps (Electric)
        • Water Pumps (Non-Electric)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Parasitic Load Explanation & Test Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • General Information
      • Testing For Parasitic Load
        • Notes
        • CHRYSLER Ignition Off Draw (IOD) Test
        • Test Procedure Using Test Switch
        • Intermittent Parasitic Load Problems
        • Diode Check & Solenoid Test
        • Quad Driver Test
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
    • Waveforms - Injector Pattern Tutorial - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose Of This Article
        • Notes
        • Scope Of This Article
      • Is A Lab Scope Necessary?
        • Introduction
        • Overview Of NOID Light
          • Notes
          • Use the Right Noid Light
        • Overview Of DVOM
          • Notes
          • Checking Injector Resistance
          • Checking Available Voltage At the Injector
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Built-In Function
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Dwell Or Duty
          • How A Duty Cycle Meter and Dwell Meter Work
          • Strengths of Dwell/Duty Meter
          • Weaknesses of Dwell/Duty Meter
      • The Two Types Of Injector Drivers
        • Notes
        • Overview
        • Voltage Controlled Circuit ("Saturated Switch")
        • Current Controlled Circuit ("Peak & Hold")
      • The Two Ways Injector Circuits Are Wired
      • Interpreting Injector Waveforms
        • Notes
        • Interpreting A Voltage Controlled Pattern
        • Interpreting A Current Controlled Pattern
      • Current Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
      • Voltage Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
  • Map - Exhaust Systems
    • Exhaust Systems
      • Notes
      • Map Standards Of Service
      • The Map Process - Overview
      • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Catalytic Converters
      • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
      • Exhaust Connections
      • Hangers
      • Heat Risers (Mechanical EFE Devices)
      • Heat Shields
      • Manifolds (Cast And Tube Type)
      • Mechanical EFE Devices
      • Muffler Valve
      • Mufflers And Resonators
    • Reason Code Explanation
  • Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
    • Map - Heating, Ventilation, & Air Conditioning
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accumulators
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Air Conditioning Fittings
        • Air Conditioning Hoses
        • Air Conditioning Metal Lines
        • Air Control Doors
        • Air Dams (External)
        • Air Distribution System
        • Belts
        • Blend Doors
        • Blower Fans (Blower Wheel Or Squirrel Cage)
        • Blower Motors
        • Blower Resistors
        • Blower Switches
        • Cabin Air Filters
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Compressor Clutch Assemblies
        • Compressors
        • Condenser Air Seals
        • Condenser Fan Motors
        • Condensers
        • Connectors
        • Control Cables
        • Control Heads (Function Selectors)
        • Control Linkages
        • Control Modules
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Blades
        • Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Evaporator Drain Tubes
        • Evaporator Filters
        • Evaporator Pressure Regulators (EPRS)
        • Evaporators
        • Expansion Valves
        • Function Selectors
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gaskets
        • Heater Cases
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Heater Hoses
        • High Pressure Relief Valves (HPRV)
        • Idlers
        • In-Line Filters
        • Metal Fittings
        • Metal Lines
        • Mix And Air Control Doors (Blend Doors)
        • ORIFACE Tubes
        • O-Rings
        • Pilot-Operated Absolutes (POAS)
        • Plenums
        • Pressure Control Valves
        • Pressure Sensors
        • Pulleys
        • Radiators
        • Receiver-DRIERS
        • Refrigerant Oil
        • Refrigerant
        • Relays
        • Seals
        • Service Ports
        • Spring Lock Couplings
        • Suction Throttling Valves (STVS)
        • Switches (Electrical)
        • TENSIONERS
        • Thermistors And Pressure Sensors
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
        • Vacuum Reservoirs
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valves In Receiver (VIRS)
        • Water Pumps (Electric Auxiliary)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Hoist/Jack
    • Jacking & Lifting
      • Description And Operation
        • Jacking and Lifting
  • Identification
    • CANADIAN Model Cross-Reference
      • * Please Read This First *
      • ACURA
      • ASUNA
      • AUDI
      • BMW
      • CHRYSLER Corp.
        • CHRYSLER
        • Dodge
        • Eagle
        • PLYMOUTH
      • General Motors
        • BUICK
        • CHEVROLET
        • GMC
        • OLDSMOBILE
        • Optima
        • PONTIAC
      • HYUNDAI
      • Jaguar
      • KIA
      • MAZDA
      • MERCEDES-BENZ
      • Mercury
      • MERKUR
      • MITSUBISHI
      • NISSAN
      • RENAULT
      • SATURN
      • Smart
      • SUBARU
      • SUZUKI
      • TOYOTA
      • VOLKSWAGEN
      • VOLVO
      • All Others
    • VIN - Identification Codes
      • Description And Operation
        • Identification Codes
          • Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)
          • Vehicle Certification (VC) Label
            • Notes
            • Powertrain Calibration Information
              • Notes
              • Model Year
              • Vehicle Code
              • Transmission Code
              • Unique Calibration
              • Fleet Code
              • Certification Regions
              • Revision Level
  • Metric Conversions
    • Engine Displacement Conversion Table - ECAT
      • Conversion Table
    • Metric Conversions
      • Metric Conversions
        • Notes
        • Length
        • Volume
        • Torque
        • Pressure
      • Conversion Factors
  • OEM General Information
    • Automatic Stop/Start Disable
      • Auto Stop/Start Disable
        • Notes
        • Disable Conditions
        • Disable Button
    • Jacking & Lifting
      • Description And Operation
        • Jacking and Lifting
    • Noise, Vibration & Harshness
      • Description & Operation
        • Noise, Vibration & Harshness (NVH)
          • Notes
          • Acceptable NVH
          • Glossary of Terms
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Noise, Vibration & Harshness (NVH)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Theory
          • Diagnostic Procedure Overview
          • Tools & Techniques
          • Write-Up Job Aid
          • 1: Customer Interview
          • 2: Pre-Drive Check
          • 3: Preparing for the Road Test
          • 4: Verify the Customer Concern
          • 5: Road Test
          • Classify NVH Symptom
          • Noise Symptoms
          • Vibration Symptoms
          • Order of Vibration
          • Relationship of Vibration Frequency to Order of Vibration
          • Frequency Calculations
          • Harshness Symptoms
          • NVH Symptom Chart Categories
          • Symptom Chart - Vehicle-Speed Related Vibrations
          • Symptom Chart - Tire-Speed Related Vibrations
          • Symptom Chart - Driveshaft-Speed Related Vibrations
          • Symptom Chart - Engine-Speed Related Vibrations
          • Symptom Chart - Noise, Air Leaks or Water Leaks
          • Symptom Chart - Harshness
    • VIN - Identification Codes
      • Description And Operation
        • Identification Codes
          • Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)
          • Vehicle Certification (VC) Label
            • Notes
            • Powertrain Calibration Information
              • Notes
              • Model Year
              • Vehicle Code
              • Transmission Code
              • Unique Calibration
              • Fleet Code
              • Certification Regions
              • Revision Level
  • Reset Procedures
    • ATEQ TPMS Reset Procedure
      • ATEQ TPMS Reset Procedure
    • BARTEC TPMS Reset Procedure
      • BARTEC TPMS Reset Procedure
    • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
      • A/C Filter Service Reminder
        • Notes
        • A/C Filter Service Reminder Reset Procedure
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder
        • Notes
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
          • Oil Life Reset - Base Instrument Cluster
          • Oil Life Reset - Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
          • Non-Hybrid
          • Hybrid
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
          • Owner's Manual 1
          • Owner's Manual 2
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 11
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 12
          • With Base Instrument Cluster
          • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 13
          • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
          • With Base Instrument Cluster
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 14
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 15
          • Base Message Center
          • Uplevel Message Center
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 16
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 17
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 18
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 19
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 20
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 21
          • Notes
          • Without Message Center
          • With Message Center
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 22
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 23
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 24
          • Path 1
          • Path 2
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 25
          • Base Cluster
          • High Series Cluster
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 26
          • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 2.3 Inch Screen/4.2 Inch Screen
          • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 8 Inch Screen
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 27
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 28
      • Maintenance Service Reminder (Overhead Warning Lights)
        • Notes
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset Procedure
      • Maintenance Service Reminder (Sri)
        • Notes
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Maintenance Service Reminder (VMM)
        • Notes
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Tire Pressure Monitor System Reminder
        • Notes
        • Tire Pressure Sensor Types
          • Notes
          • Banded Sensor
          • Valve Mounted Bolt-On Sensor
          • Valve Mounted Snap-In Sensor
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
          • Notes
          • Vehicles With Message Center
          • Vehicles Without Message Center
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
          • Notes
          • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Single Rear Wheel
          • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Dual Rear Wheel
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
          • Overview
          • Carrying Out the System Reset Procedure
          • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 2.3" information display, scroll to:
          • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 4.2" information display, scroll to:
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
    • Tire Pressure Monitor Systems
      • Model Coverage
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Tire Pressure Monitor (TPM) System
        • Tire Pressure Monitor Warning Indicators
      • TPMS Reset Procedures
        • Notes
        • Tire Pressure Sensor Training
        • Tire Pressure Sensor Activation
      • Dismounting/Mounting Procedures
        • Notes
        • Tire Pressure Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Tire Pressure Sensor Strap & Cradle
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Torque Specifications
  • Specifications Index
    • Common Specs & Procedures
      • Specifications Index
  • Steering
    • Map - Steering, Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels & Tires
      • Steering & Suspension Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Wheel And Tire
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
      • Steering & Suspension CHECKSHEET
      • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
      • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
        • Notes
        • Active Handling
        • Active Suspension Control Modules
        • Active Variable Ratio Steering
        • Active Yaw Control
        • Adaptive Cruise Control
        • Advance TRAC
        • Air Bags
        • Air Ride Control Modules
        • Air Ride Suspension Torsion Springs (Counter Balancing)
        • Air Ride Suspension
        • Air Ride Tubes
        • Air Shocks And Air Struts
        • Air Spring Valves
        • Air Springs
        • Air Suspension Control Valves
        • Air Suspension DRIERS
        • Axle Acceleration Sensor
        • Ball Joints
        • Body Acceleration Sensor
        • Bushings
        • Center Links
        • Compressors
        • Continuous Damping Control
        • Control Arm Shafts
        • Control Arms
        • Control Modules
        • Distance Regulation Control Module
        • Distance Regulation Sensor
        • Drag Links
        • Dynamic Stability Control
        • Dynamic Stability Traction Control
        • Electronic Ride Control Shocks And Struts
        • Electronic Stability Control
        • Electronic Suspension System
        • Flex Couplers
        • Gaskets
        • Height Sensors
        • Hydraulic Hoses
        • Hydraulic Power Steering Pumps
        • Hydraulic Suspension Hoses
        • Hydraulic Suspension Pumps
        • Idler Arms
        • Intermediate Shaft U-Joints
        • King Pins
        • Modules
        • Pitman Arms
        • Power Steering Belts
        • Power Steering Coolers
        • Power Steering Fluid
        • Power Steering Hoses
        • Power Steering Lines (Steel)
        • Power Steering Pumps - Electric
        • Power Steering Pumps
        • Radar Sensor
        • Radius Arms
        • Relay Rods
        • Relays
        • Sensors
        • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
        • Spindles
        • Springs, Coil, Leaf And Torsion Bars
        • STABILITRAC
        • Stability Management System
        • Steering Angle Sensor
        • Steering Arms
        • Steering Couplers
        • Steering Dampers
        • Steering Gears (Except Rack And Pinion)
        • Steering Gears, Rack And Pinion
        • Steering Knuckles
        • Strike Out Bumpers
        • Strut Bearing Plate Assemblies
        • Strut Rods
        • Suspension Pumps (Hydraulic)
        • Sway Bar Links
        • Sway Bar Mounting Bushings
        • Sway Bars
        • Switches
        • Tie Rod Ends (Inner And Outer)
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
        • Tire Pressure Sensors
        • Tires
        • Torque Sensor
        • Torsion Springs
        • Track Bar Bushings
        • Track Bars
        • Trailing Arm Bushings
        • Trailing Arms
        • Valve Stems
        • Vehicle Dynamics Control
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor
        • Vehicle Stability Assist
        • Vehicle Stability/Skid Control
        • Warning Lamps
        • Wheel Alignment
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheels (Rims)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Pre-Alignment Instructions
        • Notes
        • General Alignment Checks
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Camber
        • Caster
        • Toe-In Adjustment
        • Toe-Out On Turns
        • Steering Axis Inclination
  • Traction Control Disable Procedures
    • Traction Control Disable
  • Trouble Shooting - Manual Transmission - General Information
    • * Please Read This First *
    • Introduction
• Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
  • General Servicing
    • Cabin Air Filter (Special Applications) - General Information
      • Cabin Air Filter Applications
  • HVAC Control Systems
    • HVAC Climate Control System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Air Conditioning
          • Notes
          • A/C Compressor and Clutch Assembly
          • A/C Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • A/C Condenser/Transmission Combo Cooler
          • A/C Evaporator Core
          • A/C Evaporator Core Orifice
          • Suction Accumulator
          • A/C Pressure Sensor
          • A/C Cycling Switch
          • Spring Lock Coupling
          • A/C Line (Peanut) Fitting
          • Service Gauge Port Valves
          • Refrigerant System Dye
        • Air Distribution And Filtering
        • Control Components
          • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC)
          • Control System Inputs - Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC)
          • Control System Outputs - Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC)
          • Manual Climate Control
          • Control System Inputs - Manual Climate Control
          • Control System Outputs - Manual Climate Control
        • Heating And Ventilation
          • Notes
          • Heater Core
          • Blower Motor
          • Heater Control Valve
      • Removal And Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Air Inlet Duct
          • Removal And Installation
        • Ambient Air Temperature Sensor
          • Removal And Installation
        • Blower Motor
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Blower Motor Speed Control
          • Removal And Installation
        • Blower Motor Switch
          • Removal And Installation
        • Climate Control Assembly
          • Removal And Installation
        • Clutch And Clutch Field Coil
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor To Condenser Discharge Line
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Condenser Core
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Condenser To Evaporator Line
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Evaporator Core
          • Removal And Installation
        • Evaporator Core Housing
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Evaporator Core Orifice
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • FOOTWELL Duct - Rear
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Function Selector Switch
          • Removal And Installation
        • Heater Core
          • Removal And Installation
        • Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning (HVAC) Module
          • Removal And Installation
        • In-Vehicle Temperature Sensor
          • Removal And Installation
        • Plenum Chamber
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Register - Driver Side And Center
          • Removal And Installation
        • Register - Passenger Side
          • Removal And Installation
        • Suction Accumulator
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Suction Accumulator To Compressor Line
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Suction Accumulator To Evaporator Line
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Temperature Blend Door Actuator
          • Removal And Installation
        • Temperature Control Switch
          • Removal And Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Air Inlet Door
          • Removal And Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Floor Defrost Door
          • Removal And Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Panel Door
          • Removal And Installation
        • Vacuum Reservoir
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
    • HVAC Climate Control System - General Information & Diagnostics
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Climate Control System
          • Notes
          • External Temperature Display
          • System Air Flow Description - Manual Climate Control
            • Max A/C
            • Norm A/C
            • Vent
            • Off
            • Floor
            • Mix
            • Defrost
          • System Airflow Description - Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC)
            • Automatic
            • Max A/C
            • Norm A/C
            • Vent
            • Off
            • Floor
            • Floor/Defrost
            • Defrost
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Climate Control System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Heat Transfer
            • Latent Heat of Vaporization
            • Relative Humidity
            • Effects of Pressure on Boiling or Condensation
          • Compressor Anti-Slugging Strategy
          • The Refrigerant Cycle
          • Vacuum System
          • Inspection and Verification
          • HVAC Module Self-Test
            • Notes
            • HVAC Module Cold Boot Process
          • HVAC Module DTC Chart
          • Symptom Chart - Climate Control Systems
          • Symptom Chart - Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Notes
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTC B1249 - Blend Door Failure
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: DTC B1249 - Blend Door Failure
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1251 or B1253 - In-Vehicle Temperature Sensor Open Circuit or Short to Ground
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1251 Or DTC B1253 - In-Vehicle Temperature Sensor Open Circuit Or Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1255 or B1257 - Ambient Temperature Sensor Open Circuit or Short to Ground
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1255 Or DTC B1257 - Ambient Temperature Sensor Open Circuit Or Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1259 or B1261 - Solar Radiation Sensor Circuit Open or Short to Ground
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1259 Or B1261 - Solar Radiation Sensor Circuit Open Or Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test E: The EATC System is Inoperative, Intermittent or Incorrect Operation
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: The EATC System Is Inoperative, Intermittent Or Incorrect Operation
            • Pinpoint Test F: Incorrect/Erratic Direction of Airflow from Outlets - Manual Climate Control
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: Incorrect/Erratic Direction Of Airflow From Outlets - Manual Climate Control
            • Pinpoint Test G: Incorrect/Erratic Direction of Airflow from Outlets - EATC
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test G: Incorrect/Erratic Direction Of Airflow From Outlets - EATC
            • Pinpoint Test H: Insufficient, Erratic or No Heat
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test H: Insufficient, Erratic Or No Heat
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Air Conditioning (A/C) is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test I: The Air Conditioning (A/C) Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Air Conditioning (A/C) is Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test J: The Air Conditioning (A/C) Is Always On
            • Pinpoint Test K: Temperature Control is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly - Manual Climate Control
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test K: Temperature Control Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly - Manual Climate Control
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Blower Motor is Inoperative - Manual Climate Control
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test L: The Blower Motor Is Inoperative - Manual Climate Control
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Blower Motor is Inoperative - EATC
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test M: The Blower Motor Is Inoperative - EATC
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Blower Motor Does Not Operate Correctly - Manual Climate Control
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test N: The Blower Motor Does Not Operate Correctly - Manual Climate Control
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Blower Motor Does Not Operate Correctly - EATC
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test O: The Blower Motor Does Not Operate Correctly - EATC
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Steering Wheel Control Switch is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test P: The Steering Wheel Control Switch Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Component Tests
            • Resistor - Blower Motor
            • Temperature Sensor - Ambient
            • Temperature Sensor - In-Vehicle
            • Heater Core
            • Heater Core - Plugged
            • Heater Core - Pressure Test
            • Heater Core - Bench Test
            • A/C Evaporator/Condenser Core - On Vehicle Leak Test
            • A/C Compressor - External Leak Test
      • General Procedures
        • Spring Lock Coupling
          • Notes
          • Disconnect
          • Connect
        • Refrigerant System Tests
          • Notes
          • Procedure 1 - Ambient Temperature at or Below 38°C (100°F)
          • Procedure 2 - Ambient Temperature Above 38°C (100°F)
          • Diagnostic Table
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Clutch Air Gap Adjustment
        • Electronic Leak Detection
        • Fluorescent Dye Leak Detection
          • Notes
          • Fluorescent Dye Injection - Using an R-134a Refrigerant Management Machine and Dye Injector
          • Fluorescent Dye Injection - Using an R-134a Loop/Add On Injector Kit-Set
          • Fluorescent Dye Detection
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Recovery, Evacuation and Charging
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation Using an R-134a Refrigerant Management Machine
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation Using an R-134a Manifold Gauge Set
          • Refrigerant System Charging Using an R-134a Refrigerant Management Machine
          • Refrigerant System Charging Using an R-134a Manifold Gauge Set and Automatic Refrigerant Charging Motor
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Flushing
        • Refrigerant System Filtering Following Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor Installation
        • Refrigerant Oil Adding
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant Oil Adding
          • Refrigerant Oil Adding for New A/C Compressor Installation
          • Refrigerant Oil Adding for New Suction Accumulator or Receiver/Drier Installation
          • Refrigerant Oil Adding for Multiple Component Installation After A/C System Contamination
          • Oil Injection Using a Dye/Lubricant Injector
        • Refrigerant Identification Testing
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant Identification
          • Contaminated Refrigerant Handling
        • Vacuum Hose Repair - Mini-Tube
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Odor Treatment
          • Notes
          • A/C Odor Treatment
• Maintenance
  • Procedures
    • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
      • A/C Filter Service Reminder
        • Notes
        • A/C Filter Service Reminder Reset Procedure
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder
        • Notes
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
          • Oil Life Reset - Base Instrument Cluster
          • Oil Life Reset - Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
          • Non-Hybrid
          • Hybrid
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
          • Owner's Manual 1
          • Owner's Manual 2
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 11
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 12
          • With Base Instrument Cluster
          • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 13
          • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
          • With Base Instrument Cluster
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 14
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 15
          • Base Message Center
          • Uplevel Message Center
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 16
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 17
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 18
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 19
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 20
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 21
          • Notes
          • Without Message Center
          • With Message Center
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 22
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 23
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 24
          • Path 1
          • Path 2
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 25
          • Base Cluster
          • High Series Cluster
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 26
          • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 2.3 Inch Screen/4.2 Inch Screen
          • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 8 Inch Screen
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 27
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 28
      • Maintenance Service Reminder (Overhead Warning Lights)
        • Notes
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset Procedure
      • Maintenance Service Reminder (Sri)
        • Notes
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Maintenance Service Reminder (VMM)
        • Notes
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Tire Pressure Monitor System Reminder
        • Notes
        • Tire Pressure Sensor Types
          • Notes
          • Banded Sensor
          • Valve Mounted Bolt-On Sensor
          • Valve Mounted Snap-In Sensor
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
          • Notes
          • Vehicles With Message Center
          • Vehicles Without Message Center
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
          • Notes
          • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Single Rear Wheel
          • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Dual Rear Wheel
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
          • Overview
          • Carrying Out the System Reset Procedure
          • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 2.3" information display, scroll to:
          • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 4.2" information display, scroll to:
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
    • Maintenance Schedule
      • Description And Operation
        • Maintenance Schedules - Gasoline Engines
          • Notes
          • General Maintenance Information
          • Special Operating Condition Requirements
          • Checks and Services
          • Multi-Point Inspection
          • In-Line, Service-Installed Transmission Fluid Filter
            • Notes
            • Maximum Oil Change Interval (Normal Schedule)
            • Maximum Oil Change Interval (Special Operating Conditions)
            • Engine Coolant Change Interval
            • Monthly Checks
            • Six Month Checks
          • Normal Schedule
            • Notes
            • 12,000 Km (7,500 Mi)
            • 24,000 Km (15,000 Mi)
            • 36,000 Km (22,500 Mi)
            • 48,000 Km (30,000 Mi)
            • 60,000 Km (37,500 Mi)
            • 72,000 Km (45,000 Mi)
            • 84,000 Km (52,500 Mi)
            • 96,000 Km (60,000 Mi)
            • 108,000 Km (67,500 Mi)
            • 120,000 Km (75,000 Mi)
            • 132,000 Km (82,500 Mi)
            • 144,000 Km (90,000 Mi)
            • 156,000 Km (97,500 Mi)
            • 168,000 Km (105,000 Mi)
            • 180,000 Km (112,500 Mi)
            • 192,000 Km (120,000 Mi)
            • 204,000 Km (127,500 Mi)
            • 216,000 Km (135,000 Mi)
            • 228,000 Km (142,500 Mi)
            • 240,000 Km (150,000 Mi)
          • Exceptions To Normal Schedule
            • Maximum Oil Change Interval
            • Motorcraft Premium Gold Coolant
            • Normal Vehicle Axle Maintenance
            • Police and Taxi Vehicle Axle Maintenance
            • Class A Motorhome
• Restraints
  • Air Bag, SRS
    • Supplemental Restraint System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Air Bag And Safety Belt PRETENSIONER Supplemental Restraint System (SRS)
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Air Bag And Safety Belt PRETENSIONER Supplemental Restraint System (SRS)
          • Notes
          • Principles Of Operation
            • Notes
            • Air Bag Warning Indicator
            • Air Bag Module Second Stage Deployment
            • Clockspring
            • Deployable Steering Column
            • Driver Air Bag Module
            • Electrical System
            • Impact Sensors
            • Loops/Squibs
            • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS) System
            • Occupant Classification System Module (OCSM)
            • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation (PAD) Indicator
            • Passenger Air Bag Module
            • Restraints Control Module (RCM)
            • Restraint System Diagnostic Tool Warning
            • Safety Belt Buckle Switches
            • Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioners
            • Safety Belt Tension Sensor (BTS)
            • Seat Track Position Sensor
            • Secondary Air Bag Warning (Chime)
            • Seat Side Air Bag Module
          • Diagnostic Instructions
            • Notes
            • Diagnostic Test Options
            • Self Test/On-Demand
            • Self Test/Continuous Memory and Clear DTCs
            • DataLogger PID/Data
            • Active Commands
              • Instrument Cluster (IC) Module
              • Restraints Control Module (RCM)
            • Lamp Fault Code (LFC)
            • Diagnosing Customer Concerns With On-Demand DTCs
            • Diagnosing Customer Concerns With Continuous Memory DTCs
            • Fault PIDs
            • Prove Out Procedure
          • Air Bag Reconnect Checklist
          • Glossary
            • Secondary Air Bag Warning
            • Air Bag/Pretensioner Restraint System Diagnostic Tools
            • Disconnect the Component
            • Deactivate the Supplemental Restraint System (SRS)
            • Depower the SRS
            • Prove Out the SRS
            • Reactivate the SRS
            • Repower the SRS
            • Reconnect the System
            • Install a New Component
            • Verify the System
          • Inspection And Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Restraint System Diagnostic Tool Warning
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Air Bag Warning Indicator is Illuminated Continuously - RCM Disconnected Or Inoperative, Loss Of Battery Feed Or Loss Of Signal Ground
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Air Bag Warning Indicator Is Illuminated Continuously - RCM Disconnected Or Inoperative, Loss Of Battery Feed Or Loss Of Signal Ground
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1869 - Lamp Air Bag Warning Indicator Circuit Open or Short to Ground
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1869 - Lamp Air Bag Warning Indicator Circuit Open Or Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1870 - Air Bag Warning Indicator Circuit Short to Battery
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1870 - Air Bag Warning Indicator Circuit Short To Battery
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1884 - PAD Warning Lamp Circuit Failure
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1884 - Pad Warning Lamp Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1890 - PAD Warning Lamp Circuit Short to Battery
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1890 - Pad Warning Lamp Circuit Short To Battery
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC B1891 - Air Bag Tone Warning Indicator Circuit Short to Battery
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: DTC B1891 - Air Bag Tone Warning Indicator Circuit Short To Battery
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTC B1892 - Air Bag Tone Warning Indicator Circuit Open or Short to Ground
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test G: DTC B1892 - Air Bag Tone Warning Indicator Circuit Open Or Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test H: B1921 - Air Bag Diagnostic Monitor Ground Circuit Open
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test H: DTC B1921 - Air Bag Diagnostic Monitor Ground Circuit Open
            • Pinpoint Test I: DTC B2290 - Occupant Classification Sensor System Fault
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test I: DTC B2290 - Occupant Classification Sensor System Fault
            • Pinpoint Test J: DTC B2292 - Restraint System - Seatbelt Pretensioner Fault
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test J: DTC B2292 - Restraint System-Seatbelt Pretensioner Fault
            • Pinpoint Test K: DTC B2293 - Restraint System - Airbag Fault
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test K: DTC B2293 - Restraint System - Airbag Fault
            • Pinpoint Test L: DTC B2295 - Restraint System - Side Airbag Fault
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test L: DTC B2295 - Restraint System - Side Airbag Fault
            • Pinpoint Test M: DTC B2296 - Restraint System - Impact Sensor Fault
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test M: DTC B2296 - Restraint System - Impact Sensor Fault
            • Pinpoint Test N: DTC B2432 - Drivers Seat Belt Buckle Switch Circuit Open
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test N: DTC B2432 - Drivers Seat Belt Buckle Switch Circuit Open
            • Pinpoint Test O: DTC B2433 - Drivers Seat Belt Buckle Switch Circuit Short to Battery
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test O: DTC B2433 - Drivers Seat Belt Buckle Switch Circuit Short To Battery
            • Pinpoint Test P: DTC B2434 - Drivers Seat Belt Buckle Switch Circuit Short to Ground
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test P: DTC B2434 - Drivers Seat Belt Buckle Switch Circuit Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test Q: DTC B2435 - Drivers Seat Belt Buckle Switch Circuit Resistance Out of Range
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Q: DTC B2435 - Drivers Seat Belt Buckle Switch Circuit Resistance Out Of Range
            • Pinpoint Test R: DTC B2436 - Passengers Seat Belt Buckle Switch Circuit Open
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test R: DTC B2436 - Passengers Seat Belt Buckle Switch Circuit Open
            • Pinpoint Test S: DTC B2437 - Passengers Seat Belt Buckle Switch Circuit Short to Battery
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test S: DTC B2437 - Passengers Seat Belt Buckle Switch Circuit Short To Battery
            • Pinpoint Test T: DTC B2438 - Passengers Seat Belt Buckle Switch Circuit Short to Ground
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test T: DTC B2438 - Passengers Seat Belt Buckle Switch Circuit Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test U: DTC B2439 - Passengers Seat Belt Buckle Switch Circuit Resistance Out of Range
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test U: DTC B2439 - Passengers Seat Belt Buckle Switch Circuit Resistance Out Of Range
            • Pinpoint Test V: DTC B2792 - Cross Link Between Firing Loops
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test V: B2792 - Cross Link Between Firing Loops
            • Pinpoint Test W: DTC B2909 - Belt Tension Sensor Fault
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test W: DTC B2909 - Belt Tension Sensor Fault
            • Pinpoint Test X: DTC B2984 - Deployable Steering Column Circuit Open
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test X: DTC B2984 - Deployable Steering Column Circuit Open
            • Pinpoint Test Y: DTC B2985 - Deployable Steering Column Circuit Short to Battery
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Y: DTC B2985 - Deployable Steering Column Circuit Short To Battery
            • Pinpoint Test Z: DTC B2986 - Deployable Steering Column Circuit Short to Ground
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Z: DTC B2986 - Deployable Steering Column Circuit Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test AA: DTC B2987 - Deployable Steering Column Circuit Resistance Low on Squib
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AA: DTC B2987 - Deployable Steering Column Circuit Resistance Low On Loop
            • Pinpoint Test AB: DTC C1414 - Incorrect Module Design Level
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AB: DTC C1414 - Incorrect Module Design Level
            • Pinpoint Test AC: DTC C1946 - Front Driver's Seat Track Position Switch Circuit Open
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AC: DTC C1946 - Front Driver's Seat Track Position Switch Circuit Open
            • Pinpoint Test AD: DTC C1947 - Front Driver's Seat Track Position Switch Circuit Short to Ground
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AD: DTC C1947 - Front Driver's Seat Track Position Switch Circuit Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test AE: DTC C1948 - Front Driver's Seat Track Position Switch Circuit Resistance Out of Range
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AE: DTC C1948 - Front Driver's Seat Track Position Switch Circuit Resistance Out Of Range
            • Pinpoint Test AF: DTC C1982 - Front Driver's Seat Track Position Switch Circuit Short to Battery Fault
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AF: DTC C1982 - Front Driver's Seat Track Position Switch Circuit Short To Battery Fault
            • Pinpoint Test AG: DTC B1317/B1318 - Battery Voltage High/Battery Voltage Low
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation - Restraints Control Module (RCM)
              • Pinpoint Test AG: DTC B1317/B1318 - Battery Voltage High/Battery Voltage Low
      • General Procedures
        • Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) DEPOWERING And REPOWERING
          • Notes
          • DEPOWERING Procedure
          • REPOWERING Procedure
        • Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) Deactivation And Reactivation
          • Notes
          • Deactivation
          • Reactivation
        • Inspection And Repair After A Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) Deployment
        • Pyrotechnic Device Disposal
          • Disposal Of Deployable Devices And Pyrotechnic Devices That Are UNDEPLOYED/Inoperative
          • Disposal Of Deployable Devices And Pyrotechnic Devices That Are Deployed
          • Disposal Of Deployable Devices And Pyrotechnic Devices That Require Manual Deployment
          • Driver Air Bag Module, Passenger Air Bag Module And Seat Side Air Bag Modules - Remote Deployment
          • Safety Belt Buckle PRETENSIONERS, Safety Belt Retractor PRETENSIONERS And Adaptive Load Limiting Safety Belt Retractors - Remote Deployment
          • Safety Belt Buckle PRETENSIONERS, Safety Belt Retractor PRETENSIONERS And Load Limiting Safety Belt Retractors - In-Vehicle Deployment
          • Safety Canopy Modules And Side Air Curtain Modules - In-Vehicle Deployment
          • Deployable Steering Column - In-Vehicle Deployment
      • Removal And Installation
        • Front Impact Severity Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Side Impact Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Restraints Control Module (RCM)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Driver Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Passenger Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • CLOCKSPRING
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Occupant Classification Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Position Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation (Pad) Indicator
  • Restraints Control Systems
    • Safety Belt System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Safety Belt System
          • Notes
          • Active Restraint System Components
          • Safety Belt Retractors
          • Safety Belt Buckles
          • Child Safety Seat Restraints
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Safety Belt System
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Test
      • General Procedures
        • Safety Belt Cleaning
        • Safety Belt Maintenance
        • Safety Belt Shoulder Height Adjuster With Stripped Weld Nuts
        • Safety Belt Procedure After A Collision
        • Safety Belt Tongue Rotated On Belt
      • Removal & Installation
        • Child Safety Seat Tether Anchor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Child Safety Seat Tether Anchor - Latch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt Buckle - Front, Center
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt Buckle - Front
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt Retractor & PRETENSIONER
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Safety Belt Retractor - Rear, Center
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt Buckle - Rear
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt Retractor - Rear
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt Shoulder Height Adjuster
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
  • Seat Belts
    • Safety Belt System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Safety Belt System
          • Notes
          • Active Restraint System Components
          • Safety Belt Retractors
          • Safety Belt Buckles
          • Child Safety Seat Restraints
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Safety Belt System
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Test
      • General Procedures
        • Safety Belt Cleaning
        • Safety Belt Maintenance
        • Safety Belt Shoulder Height Adjuster With Stripped Weld Nuts
        • Safety Belt Procedure After A Collision
        • Safety Belt Tongue Rotated On Belt
      • Removal & Installation
        • Child Safety Seat Tether Anchor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Child Safety Seat Tether Anchor - Latch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt Buckle - Front, Center
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt Buckle - Front
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt Retractor & PRETENSIONER
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Safety Belt Retractor - Rear, Center
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt Buckle - Rear
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt Retractor - Rear
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt Shoulder Height Adjuster
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
• Steering
  • Manual Steering
    • Power Steering System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specification
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Power Steering
          • Power Steering - Hydraulic System
          • Variable Assist Power Steering (VAPS) System
          • Power Steering Gear Identification
          • Power Steering Pump Identification
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Power Steering
      • Removal And Installation
        • Power Steering Fluid Reservoir
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Power Steering Pump
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Power Steering Pump Pulley
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Power Steering Fluid Cooler
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Power Steering Pump To Steering Gear Pressure Line
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Steering Gear
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Inner Tie Rod
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
    • Steering System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Steering System
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Steering System
          • Symptom Chart - Noise, Vibration & Harshness (NVH)
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Notes
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTC C1897 - Steering VAPS Circuit Loop Failure
            • Pinpoint Test B: Steering Has Lack of Assist or Inconsistent Assist
            • Pinpoint Test C: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Pinpoint Test D: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
          • Component Tests
            • Power Steering Fluid Leak Test
            • Steering Linkage
            • Steering Gear Valve
            • Steering Gear Grunt/Shudder Test
      • General Procedures
        • Power Steering System Flushing
        • Power Steering System Purging
        • Power Steering System Filling
  • Power Steering
    • Power Steering System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specification
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Power Steering
          • Power Steering - Hydraulic System
          • Variable Assist Power Steering (VAPS) System
          • Power Steering Gear Identification
          • Power Steering Pump Identification
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Power Steering
      • Removal And Installation
        • Power Steering Fluid Reservoir
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Power Steering Pump
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Power Steering Pump Pulley
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Power Steering Fluid Cooler
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Power Steering Pump To Steering Gear Pressure Line
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Steering Gear
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Inner Tie Rod
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
    • Steering System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Steering System
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Steering System
          • Symptom Chart - Noise, Vibration & Harshness (NVH)
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Notes
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTC C1897 - Steering VAPS Circuit Loop Failure
            • Pinpoint Test B: Steering Has Lack of Assist or Inconsistent Assist
            • Pinpoint Test C: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Pinpoint Test D: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
          • Component Tests
            • Power Steering Fluid Leak Test
            • Steering Linkage
            • Steering Gear Valve
            • Steering Gear Grunt/Shudder Test
      • General Procedures
        • Power Steering System Flushing
        • Power Steering System Purging
        • Power Steering System Filling
  • Steering Column
    • Specifications
      • Material Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Steering Column
    • Diagnostic Tests
      • Steering Column
    • Removal And Installation
      • Steering Wheel
        • Notes
        • Removal And Installation
      • Steering Column
        • Notes
        • Removal And Installation
      • Steering Column Shaft
        • Notes
        • Removal And Installation
    • Disassembly And Assembly
      • Steering Column
        • Notes
        • Disassembly
        • Assembly
• Suspension
  • Electronic Suspension - Vehicle Dynamic Suspension System
    • Specifications
      • Material Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Vehicle Dynamic Suspension
    • Diagnostic Tests
      • Vehicle Dynamic Suspension
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Vehicle Dynamics Module (VDM) DTC Index
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: DTC B1317/B1318 - Battery Voltage High/Low
          • Pinpoint Test B: DTC C1724 - Air Suspension Height Sensor Power Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test C: DTC C1726 - Air Suspension Rear Pneumatic Failure
          • Pinpoint Test D: DTC C1885 - Air Suspension RR Height Sensor Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test E: DTC C1770 - Air Suspension Vent Solenoid Output Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test F: DTCs C1790/C1795 - LR/RR Air Suspension Air Spring Solenoid Output Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test G: The Air Compressor is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test H: The Scan Tool Indicates Self-Test Failure When Attempting to Carry Out the Self-Test
          • Pinpoint Test I: The Air Compressor Runs Continuously with the Ignition Switch in the OFF Position and No DTCs Are Set
        • Component Test
    • General Procedures
      • Ride Height Adjustments
      • Air Leaks
        • Notes
        • Air Tube Repair
      • Air Line Fluid Purge
      • Air Spring Inflation And Deflation
      • Air Spring Refold
    • Removal And Installation
      • Air Suspension Switch
        • Notes
        • Removal And Installation
      • Air Suspension Compressor
        • Notes
        • Removal And Installation
      • Air Suspension Compressor Drier
        • Notes
        • Removal And Installation
      • Vehicle Dynamics Module (VDM)
        • Notes
        • Removal And Installation
      • Air Spring
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Air Spring Solenoid Valve
        • Notes
        • Removal And Installation
      • Suspension Height Sensor
        • Notes
        • Removal And Installation
  • Front Suspension
    • Front Suspension
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Front Suspension
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Front Suspension
      • Removal And Installation
        • Wheel Bearing And Wheel Hub
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Wheel Knuckle
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Wheel Studs
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lower Arm
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Upper Arm
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Stabilizer Bar
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Stabilizer Bar Link
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Ball Joint - Lower
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shock Absorber And Spring Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Shock Absorber And Spring Assembly
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Suspension System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Alignment Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Wheel Alignment Angles
          • Notes
          • Camber
          • Caster
          • Toe
          • Incorrect Thrust Angle (Dogtracking)
          • Wander
          • Shimmy
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Drift/Pull
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Suspension System
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Suspension System
          • Symptom Chart - Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)
          • Component Test
            • Ball Joint Inspection
      • General Procedures
        • Ride Height Measurement
          • Front Ride Height Measurement
          • Rear Ride Height Measurement
        • Camber and Caster Adjustment
        • Toe Adjustment
  • Rear Suspension
    • Rear Suspension System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Rear Suspension
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Rear Suspension
      • Removal And Installation
        • Wheel Studs
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lower Arm
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Upper Arm
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lateral Arm and Watts Link Pivot Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Stabilizer Bar and Link
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Shock Absorber
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Spring - Coil
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Suspension System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Alignment Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Wheel Alignment Angles
          • Notes
          • Camber
          • Caster
          • Toe
          • Incorrect Thrust Angle (Dogtracking)
          • Wander
          • Shimmy
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Drift/Pull
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Suspension System
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Suspension System
          • Symptom Chart - Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)
          • Component Test
            • Ball Joint Inspection
      • General Procedures
        • Ride Height Measurement
          • Front Ride Height Measurement
          • Rear Ride Height Measurement
        • Camber and Caster Adjustment
        • Toe Adjustment
  • Wheel Alignment
    • Suspension System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Alignment Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Wheel Alignment Angles
          • Notes
          • Camber
          • Caster
          • Toe
          • Incorrect Thrust Angle (Dogtracking)
          • Wander
          • Shimmy
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Drift/Pull
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Suspension System
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Suspension System
          • Symptom Chart - Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)
          • Component Test
            • Ball Joint Inspection
      • General Procedures
        • Ride Height Measurement
          • Front Ride Height Measurement
          • Rear Ride Height Measurement
        • Camber and Caster Adjustment
        • Toe Adjustment
  • Wheels & Tire System
    • Tires & Wheels
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Wheels & Tires
          • Notes
          • Safety Precautions
          • Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Wheels & Tires
          • Notes
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Tire Wear
          • Symptom Chart - NVH
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Notes
            • Pinpoint Test A: Inner Edge/Shoulder Wear
            • Pinpoint Test B: Outer Edge/Shoulder Wear
            • Pinpoint Test C: Diagonal Wear
          • Component Tests
            • Notes
            • Radial Runout
            • Lateral Runout
            • Match Mounting
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test E: Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Indicator ON Solid When the Ignition Key is Turned to the ON Position and Message Center (if equipped) Displays LOW TIRE PRESSURE
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Driver Door Module (DDM) Will Not Enter Training Mode
            • Pinpoint Test G: TPMS Indicator FLASHES For 70 Seconds and Then Remains ON Solid When the Ignition Key is Turned to the ON Position, the Message Center (if equipped) Displays TIRE PRESSURE SENSOR FAULT or TIRE PRESSURE MONITOR FAULT and DTC B2872 or B287A is Present
            • Pinpoint Test H: DTC B106A - Pressure Sensor Range Bit Incorrect State
            • Pinpoint Test I: DTC B106B - Tire Pressure Sensor Low Battery
      • General Procedures
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor Training
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor Activation
      • Removal & Installation
        • Wheel & Tire
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly & Assembly
        • Wheel & Tire
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
      • Disassembly & Assembly Of Subassemblies
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Strap & Cradle
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
• Transmission
  • Automatic Trans
    • Automatic Transmission
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Assembly Weight
        • Line Pressure Chart
        • Band And Clutch Application Chart A
        • Band And Clutch Application Chart B
        • Stall Speed
        • Shift Speed Chart
        • Sensor Resistance Readings
        • Solenoid Operation Chart
        • Selective Thrust Washer - No. 1
        • Forward Clutch Pack
        • Reverse Clutch Pack
        • Direct Clutch Pack
        • Intermediate Clutch Pack
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Transmission Description
        • Identification Tags
        • Range Selection
          • Notes
          • Park
          • Reverse
          • Neutral
          • Overdrive
          • Position 2 - 2nd Gear
          • Position 1 - 1st Gear
        • Shift Patterns
          • Upshifts
          • Downshifts
          • Coastdown
          • Torque Demand
          • Kickdown
        • Bushings, Bearing And Thrust Washer Locator
        • Seals, Rings And Gasket Locator
        • Main Components And Functions
        • Torque Converter
        • GEARTRAIN
          • Notes
          • Planetary Gearset
          • Input Shaft
          • Stub Shaft
          • Output Shaft
        • Apply Components
          • Notes
          • Band - Overdrive
          • Band - Low and Reverse
          • Clutch - Intermediate
          • Clutch - Forward
          • Clutch - Direct
          • Clutch - Reverse
          • One-Way Clutch - Planetary (Low)
          • One-Way Clutch - Intermediate
        • Hydraulic System
          • Pump
          • Transmission Fluid Filter
          • Main Control
          • Accumulators
        • Transmission Electronic Control System
          • Notes
          • Pcm
          • A/C Clutch
          • Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Switch
          • Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor
          • Ignition Coil - Coil On Plug
          • Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor
          • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor
          • Transmission Control Switch (TCS) and Transmission Control Indicator Lamp (TCIL)
          • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
          • Digital Transmission Range (TR) Sensor
          • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor
          • Turbine Shaft Speed (TSS) Sensor
          • Electronic Pressure Control (EPC) Solenoid
          • Torque Converter Clutch (TCC) Solenoid
          • Shift Solenoid - SSA, SSB
          • Transmission Fluid Temperature (TFT) Sensor
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Diagnostic Strategy
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Inspection
          • Diagnostics
        • Diagnostic Flow Chart
        • Preliminary Inspection
          • Notes
          • Know and Understand the Concern
          • Verification of Condition
            • Notes
            • Determine Customer Concern
          • Check Transmission Fluid Level and Condition
            • Transmission Fluid Level Check
            • High Transmission Fluid Level
            • Low Transmission Fluid Level
            • Adding Transmission Fluid
            • Transmission Fluid Condition Check
            • Water in Transmission Fluid
        • Road Testing Vehicle
        • Shift Point Road Test
        • Torque Converter Diagnosis
          • Notes
          • Torque Converter Operation Test
        • Visual Inspection
          • Notes
          • Shift Linkage Check
          • Check TSBs
          • Carry Out On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) Key ON Engine OFF (KOEO), Key ON Engine Running (KOER)
        • Output State Control (OSC) Mode
          • Notes
          • Output State Control Procedures
            • Notes
            • Output State Control - Bench Mode
            • Shift Solenoid A (SSA), Shift Solenoid B (SSB) and Torque Converter Clutch (TCC) in Bench Mode
            • LINEDSD# in Bench Mode
            • Output State Control - Drive Mode
            • GEAR in Drive Mode
            • Torque Converter Clutch (TCC) in Drive Mode
            • Using Output State Control and Monitoring PIDs
        • Transmission Drive Cycle Test
          • Notes
          • After On-Board Diagnostic (OBD)
          • Before Pinpoint Tests
        • Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Charts
        • Transmission Connector Layouts
        • Pinpoint Tests - OSC Equipped Vehicle
          • Notes
          • Shift Solenoids Pre-Diagnosis
            • Notes
            • Shift Solenoid Failure Mode Chart "Always Off"
            • Shift Solenoid Failure Mode Chart "Always On"
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Notes
            • Pinpoint Test A: Shift And Torque Converter Clutch Solenoids
            • Pinpoint Test B: Transmission Fluid Temperature (TFT) Sensor
            • Pinpoint Test C: Digital Transmission Range (Tr) Sensor
            • Pinpoint Test D: Electrical Pressure Control (EPC) Solenoid
            • Pinpoint Test E: Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensors
            • Pinpoint Test F: Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor
            • Pinpoint Test G: Solenoid Mechanical Failure
        • Special Testing Procedures
          • Notes
          • Engine Idle Speed Check
          • Line Pressure Test
          • Stall Speed Test
          • Air Pressure Tests
          • Clutch Pressure Test
        • Leakage Inspection
          • Notes
          • Leak Check Test With A Black Light
          • External Sealing
          • Fluid Leakage in Torque Converter Area
        • Transmission Fluid Cooler
        • Diagnosis By Symptom
          • Notes
          • Diagnosis by Symptom Chart Directions
          • Diagnostic Routines
      • General Procedures
        • Transmission Fluid Cooler Tubes BACKFLUSHING And Cleaning
        • Transmission Fluid Drain And Refill
          • Notes
          • Draining
        • Transmission Range (Tr) Sensor Adjustment
        • Torque Converter
        • Torque Converter Contamination Inspection
      • In-Vehicle Servicing
        • Fluid Pan, Gasket And Filter
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Transmission Filler Tube
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Main Control Valve Body
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Extension Housing Gasket
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Extension Housing Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Electronic Pressure Control (EPC) Solenoid
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Manual Control Lever Shaft And Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Digital Transmission Range (Tr) Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Reverse Servo Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Overdrive Servo
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • 1-2 Accumulator
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • 2-3 Accumulator
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Transmission Insulator And Retainer
          • Notes
          • Removal
        • Transmission Support CROSSMEMBER
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Turbine Shaft Speed (TSS) Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
      • Removal
        • Transmission
      • Disassembly
        • Transmission
      • Disassembly And Assembly Of Subassemblies
        • Main Control Valve Body
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Pump And Intermediate Clutch Piston
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Intermediate One-Way Clutch
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Reverse Clutch
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Forward Clutch Cylinder
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Planetary Gear Support Assembly And Planetary One-Way Clutch
          • Notes
          • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Reverse Sun Gear
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Output Shaft And Direct Clutch Cylinder
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
      • Assembly
        • Transmission
      • Installation
        • Transmission
    • Automatic Transmission Cooler - Transaxle/Transmission Cooling
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Transmission Cooling
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Transmission Cooling
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Transmission Cooling
          • Symptom Chart - Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)
      • General Procedures
        • Transmission Fluid Cooler Backflushing and Cleaning
      • Removal And Installation
        • Transmission Fluid Cooler
        • Transmission Fluid Cooler Tubes
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
    • Automatic Transmission External Controls
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • External Controls - Column Shift
          • Selector Lever Linkage
          • Brake Shift Interlock System
          • Transmission Control (TC) Switch
        • External Controls - Floor Shift
          • Selector Lever Linkage
          • Brake Shift Interlock System
          • Transmission Control (TC) Switch
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • External Controls
          • Notes
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Column Shift
          • Symptom Chart - Noise, Vibration & Harshness (NVH) - Column Shift
          • Symptom Chart - Floor Shift
          • Symptom Chart - Noise, Vibration & Harshness (NVH) - Floor Shift
          • Pinpoint Tests
      • General Procedures
        • Selector Lever Cable Adjustment - Column Shift
        • Selector Lever Cable Adjustment - Floor Shift
        • Selector Lever Indicator Adjustment
      • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Shift Interlock Actuator - Column Shift
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Shift Interlock Actuator - Floor Shift
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Selector Lever Cable & Bracket - Column Shift
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Selector Lever Cable & Bracket - Floor Shift
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Selector Lever - Column Shift
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Selector Lever - Floor Shift
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
• External Pages