Repair and Diagnosis (Single Page)

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• Quick Lookups
  • Common Specs & Procedures
    • Specifications Index
  • DTC Index
    • Anti-Theft - Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) DTCS
    • Automatic Transaxle/Transmission DTCS
    • Charging System - General Information DTCS
    • Climate Control System (HVAC) - General Information & Diagnostics DTCS
      • Climate Control System (HVAC) - General Information & Diagnostics DTC Chart
      • PCM DTC Chart
    • Engine Cooling DTCS
    • Fire Suppression System DTCS
    • Fuel System - General Information DTCS
    • Instrument Cluster And Panel Illumination
    • Instrument Cluster (Ic), Message Center, And Warning Chimes
      • Fire Suppression System Module (FSSM) DTC List
      • Instrument Cluster (Ic) DTC List
      • Lighting Control Module (LCM) DTC List
      • Pcm DTC List
      • Restraints Control Module (RCM) DTC List
    • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms DTCS
    • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems DTCS
      • Driver Door Module (DDM) DTC Chart
      • Lighting Control Module (LCM) DTC Chart
    • Information And Entertainment Systems DTCS
    • Exterior Lighting
      • Driver Door Module (DDM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
      • Lighting Control Module (LCM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
    • Interior Lighting
      • Driver Door Module (DDM) Diagnostic Code (DTC) List
      • Lighting Control Module (LCM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
    • Module Communications Network DTCS
    • Module Configuration DTCS
    • MULTIFUNCTION Electronic Modules DTCS
    • Powertrain DTC Charts And Descriptions - Gasoline Engines DTCS
    • Cruise (Speed) Control DTCS
    • Starting System DTCS
    • Steering Column Switches DTCS
    • Supplemental Restraint System DTCS
    • Vehicle Dynamic Systems DTCS
    • Vehicle Dynamic Suspension DTCS
    • Wheels And Tires DTCS
    • Wipers/Washers DTCS
  • Electrical Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Imported Cars & Trucks
        • ACURA
        • AUDI
        • BENTLEY
        • BMW
        • DAIHATSU
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • FERRARI
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • HONDA
        • HYUNDAI
        • INFINITI
        • ISUZU
        • Jaguar
        • KIA
        • Land Rover
        • LEXUS
        • MAZDA
        • MERCEDES-BENZ
        • MITSUBISHI
        • NISSAN
        • PEUGEOT
        • PORSCHE
        • RENAULT
        • Rolls-ROYCE
        • SAAB
        • SUBARU
        • SUZUKI
        • TOYOTA
        • VOLKSWAGEN
        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
      • Grounds
      • Splices
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fluids
  • Technical Bulletins
    • Campaigns
    • Safety Recalls
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Tire Fitment
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector Views
        • A/C Compressor Clutch Field Coil Connector - C100
        • Generator Connectors
          • Generator Connector End View - C102A
          • Generator Connector End View - C102B
        • Oil Pressure Switch Connector - C103
        • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor Connector - C107
        • Knock Sensor Connector - C109
        • Inline Connectors
          • Inline Connector End View - C110
          • Inline Connector End View - C133
          • Inline Connector End View - C134
          • Inline Connector End View - C139
          • Inline Connector End View - C140
          • Inline Connector End View - C146
          • Inline Connector End View - C173
          • Inline Connector End View - C174
          • Inline Connector End View - C192
          • Inline Connector End View - C211
          • Inline Connector End View - C213
          • Inline Connector End View - C214
          • Inline Connector End View - C237
          • Inline Connector End View - C248
          • Inline Connector End View - C260
          • Inline Connector End View - C263
          • Inline Connector End View - C268
          • Inline Connector End View - C275
          • Inline Connector End View - C298
          • Inline Connector End View - C299
          • Inline Connector End View - C311
          • Inline Connector End View - C312
          • Inline Connector End View - C313
          • Inline Connector End View -C315
          • Inline Connector End View - C316
          • Inline Connector End View - C339
          • Inline Connector End View - C340
          • Inline Connector End View - C405
          • Inline Connector End View - C406
          • Inline Connector End View - C408
          • Inline Connector End View - C410
          • Inline Connector End View - C411
          • Inline Connector End View - C422
          • Inline Connector End View - C423
          • Inline Connector End View - C431
          • Inline Connector End View - C432
          • Inline Connector End View - C465
          • Inline Connector End View - C494
          • Inline Connector End View - C495
          • Inline Connector End View - C510
          • Inline Connector End View - C610
          • Inline Connector End View - C700
          • Inline Connector End View - C800
          • Inline Connector End View -C913
          • Inline Connector End View - C919
          • Inline Connector End View - C1010
          • Inline Connector End View - C1019
          • Inline Connector End View - C1352
          • Inline Connector End View - C1386
          • Inline Connector End View - C1393
        • Coil On Plug Connectors
          • Coil On Plug 1 Connector End View - C111
          • Coil On Plug 2 Connector End View - C112
          • Coil On Plug 3 Connector End View - C113
          • Coil On Plug 4 Connector End View - C114
          • Coil On Plug 5 Connector End View - C115
          • Coil On Plug 6 Connector End View - C116
          • Coil On Plug 7 Connector End View - C117
          • Coil On Plug 8 Connector End View - C118
        • Brake Fluid Level Switch Connector - C124
        • Windshield Wiper Motor Connector - C125
        • Mass Air Flow Sensor / Intake Air Temperature Sensor Connector - C128
        • Horn Connector - C131
        • Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Connector - C132
        • Anti-Lock Brake System Module Connector - C135
        • Windshield Washer Pump Motor Connector - C137
        • Washer Fluid Level Switch Connector - C138
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 22 Connector - C141
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 12 Connector - C142
        • Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor Connector - C143
        • Front Flasher Connector - C144
        • Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C150
        • Left Front Cornering Lamp Connector - C151
        • Left Front Fog Lamp Connector - C152
        • Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C160
        • Right Front Cornering Lamp Connector - C161
        • Right Front Fog Lamp Connector - C162
        • Digital Transmission Range Sensor Connector - C167
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 11 Connector - C171
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 21 Connector - C172
        • Powertrain Control Module Connectors
          • Powertrain Control Module Connector End View - C175B
          • Powertrain Control Module Connector End View - C175E
          • Powertrain Control Module Connector End View - C175T
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector - C180
        • Fuel Injector Connectors
          • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View - C181
          • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View - C182
          • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View - C183
          • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View - C184
          • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View - C185
          • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View - C186
          • Fuel Injector 7 Connector End View - C187
          • Fuel Injector 8 Connector End View - C188
        • Starter Motor Connectors
          • Starter Motor Connector End View - C197A
          • Starter Motor Connector End View - C197B
        • Multifunction Switch Connectors
          • Multifunction Switch Connector End View - C202A
          • Multifunction Switch Connector End View - C202B
          • Multifunction Switch Connector End View - C202C
        • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connectors
          • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connector End View - C203
          • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connector End View - C2330A
          • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connector End View - C2330B
        • Main Light Switch Connectors
          • Main Light Switch Connector End View - C205A
          • Main Light Switch Connector End View - C205B
        • Horn Switch Connectors
          • Horn Switch Connector End View - C217A
          • Horn Switch Connector End View - C217B
        • Clockspring Connectors
          • Clockspring Connector End View - C218A
          • Clockspring Connector End View - C218B
        • EATC HVAC Module Connector
          • EATC HVAC Module Connector End View - C228A
          • EATC HVAC Module Connector End View - C228B
        • In-Vehicle Temperature Sensor Connector - C233
        • Audio Unit Connectors
          • Audio Unit Connector End View - C240
          • Audio Unit Connector End View - C290A
          • Audio Unit Connector End View - C290C
        • Rear Window Defrost Switch Connectors - C241
        • Ignition Switch Connector - C250
        • Data Link Connector - C251
        • Message Center Switch Connector - C253
        • Glove Box Lamp Connector - C254
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connectors - C256
        • Speed Control Deactivator Switch Connector - C277
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector - C278
        • Transmission Control Switch Connector - C279
        • Traction Control Switch Connector - C280
        • Autolamp Sensor Connector - C287
        • Temperature Blend Door Actuator Connector - C289
        • Climate Control Assembly Connectors
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294A
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294B
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294C
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294D
        • Passenger Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector - C303
        • Right Side Impact Sensor Connector - C304
        • Left Side Impact Sensor Connector - C305
        • Restraints Control Module Connectors
          • Restraints Control Module Connector End View - C310A
          • Restraints Control Module Connector End View - C310B
        • Passenger Side Front Heated Seat Module Connector - C329
        • Passenger Side Lumbar Adjust Switch Connector - C331
        • Right Front Seat Cushion Heater Connector - C334
        • Right Front Seat Back Heater Connector - C335
        • Passenger Seat Lumbar Compressor Motor Connector - C336
        • Right Side Air Bag Module Connector - C337
        • Passenger Seat Recliner Motor Connector - C338
        • Left Power Seat Motor Assembly Connector - C353
        • Driver Side Seat Position Sensor Connector - C356
        • Driver Side Front Heated Seat Module Connector - C359
        • Driver Side Lumbar Adjust Switch Connector - C361
        • Left Front Seat Cushion Heater Connector - C364
        • Left Front Seat Back Heater Connector - C365
        • Driver Seat Lumbar Compressor Motor Connector - C366
        • Left Side Air Bag Module Connector - C367
        • Driver Seat Recliner Motor Connector - C368
        • Antenna Module Connector
          • Antenna Module Connector End View - C402A
          • Antenna Module Connector End View - C402B
        • Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C426
        • Luggage Compartment Lamp Connector - C428
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Solenoid Connector - C430
        • Fuel Level Sender Connector
          • Fuel Level Sender Connector End View - C434A
          • Fuel Level Sender Connector End View - C434B
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor Connector - C435
        • Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C440
        • Evaporative Emissions Canister Vent Control Solenoid Connector - C450
        • Left Reversing Lamp Connector - C451
        • Right Reversing Lamp Connector - C461
        • Fuel Pump Motor Connector - C463
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector
          • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View - C466A
          • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View - C466B
        • High Mounted Stoplamp Connector - C475
        • Left Rear Speaker Connector - C484
        • Right Rear Speaker Connector - C485
        • License Lamps Connector - C490
        • Driver Door Module Connectors
          • Driver Door Module Connector End View - C501A
          • Driver Door Module Connector End View - C501B
          • Driver Door Module Connector End View - C501C
        • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector
          • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View - C504A
          • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View - C504B
        • Driver Side Door Lock Switch Connector - C505
        • Left Exterior Rear View Mirror Connector - C516
        • Driver Side Front Seat Adjust Switch Connector - C519
        • Left Front Speaker Connector - C523
        • Driver Side Front Power Window Motor Connector - C524
        • Left Front Door Lock Actuator Connector - C525
        • Driver Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Driver Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C526A
          • Driver Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C526B
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector - C527
        • Keyless Entry Keypad Connector - C530
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Switch 1 Connector - C534
        • Driver Side Seat Heater Switch Connector - C538
        • Passenger Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Passenger Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C602A
          • Passenger Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C602B
        • Passenger Side Door Lock Actuator Connector - C603
        • Passenger Side Door Lock Switch Connector - C605
        • Passenger Side Front Power Window Motor Connector - C608
        • Right Front Speaker Connector - C612
        • Right Exterior Rear View Mirror Connector - C622
        • Right Side Front Power Window Switch Connector - C624
        • Passenger Side Front Seat Adjust Switch Connector - C627
        • Passenger Side Seat Heater Switch Connector - C630
        • Left Rear Window Adjust Switch Connector - C701
        • Left Rear Power Window Motor Connector - C703
        • Left Rear Door Lock Actuator Connector - C704
        • Driver Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Driver Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C715A
          • Driver Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C715B
        • Right Rear Window Adjust Switch Connector - C801
        • Right Rear Power Window Motor Connector - C803
        • Right Rear Door Lock Actuator Connector - C804
        • Passenger Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Passenger Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C820A
          • Passenger Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C820B
        • Right Vanity Mirror Lamp Connector - C906
        • Left Vanity Mirror Lamp Connector - C907
        • Electrochromatic Inside Mirror Unit Connector - C911
        • Rear Interior Lamp/ Map Lamp Assembly Connector - C932
        • Map Reading Lamps Connector - C978
        • Taxi Roof Lamp Connector - C994
        • Left Headlamp Connector
          • Left Headlamp Connector End View - C1021
          • Left Headlamp Connector End View - C1284
        • Left Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector
          • Left Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1023
          • Left Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1115
        • Battery Junction Box Connector - C1035
        • Right Headlamp Connector
          • Right Headlamp Connector End View - C1041
          • Right Headlamp Connector End View - C1285
        • Right Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector
          • Right Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1043
          • Right Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1116
        • Engine Cooling Fan Module Connector - C1048
        • EGR System Module Connector - C1068
        • Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor / Fuel Rail Temperature Sensor Connector - C1073
        • A/C Compressor Cycling Switch Connector - C1081
        • Battery Connectors
          • Battery Connector End View - C1100A
          • Battery Connector End View - C1100B
        • Output Shaft Speed Sensor Connector - C1107
        • Left Front Parking Lamp Connector - C1113
        • Right Front Parking Lamp Connector - C1114
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector - C1120
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch Connector - C1121
        • Air Suspension Compressor Assembly Connector - C1179
        • Evaporative Emissions Canister Purge Valve Connector - C1195
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor Connector - C1196
        • Blower Motor Connector - C1227
        • A/C Pressure Transducer Connector - C1260
        • 4R70E Automatic Transmission Vehicle Harness Connector - C1274
        • Blower Motor Speed Control Connector - C1308
        • Blower Motor Resistor Connector - C1349
        • Wig-Wag Module Connector - C1365
        • Electronic Throttle Control Motor Connector - C1368
        • Throttle Position Sensor Connector - C1449
        • Left Front Impact Severity Sensor Connector - C1465
        • Right Front Impact Severity Sensor Connector - C1466
        • Heated Positive Crankcase Ventilation Connector - C1470
        • Siren Speaker Connector - C1471
        • Left Front Strobe Assembly Connector - C1478
        • Right Front Strobe Assembly Connector - C1479
        • Left Grille Strobe Assembly Connector - C1480
        • Right Grille Strobe Assembly Connector - C1481
        • Adjustable Pedal Motor Connector - C2003
        • Passive Anti-Theft System Transceiver Connector - C2007
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector - C2008
        • Park Brake Switch Connector - C2015
        • Front Cigar Lighter Connector - C2031
        • Power Point Connectors - C2033
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Connector - C2040
        • Left Footwell Courtesy Lamp Connector - C2056
        • Right Footwell Courtesy Lamp Connector - C2057
        • Adjustable Pedal Switch Connector - C2089
        • Vehicle Dynamics Module Connector
          • Vehicle Dynamics Module Connector End View - C2131A
          • Vehicle Dynamics Module Connector End View - C2131B
        • Lighting Control Module Connectors
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145A
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145B
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145C
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145D
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Switch 2 Connector - C2203
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Switch 3 Connector - C2204
        • Left Side Spot Lamp Connector - C2205
        • Right Side Spot Lamp Connector - C2206
        • Audio Control Switch / Climate Control Switch Connector - C2208
        • Taxi Roof Lamp Switch Connector - C2213
        • Instrument Cluster Connectors - C2220
        • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation Indicator Connector - C2286
        • Driver Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector - C3014
        • Right Power Seat Motor Assembly Connector - C3015
        • Occupant Classification Sensor Connector - C3042
        • Occupant Classification System Module Connector - C3043
        • Driver Side Safety Belt Sensor Connector - C3065
        • Passenger Side Safety Belt Sensor Connector - C3066
        • Antenna Connector - C3183
        • Strobe/Light Bar Control Switch Connector - C3257A
        • Strobe/Light Bar Control Switches Connector - C3257B
        • Fire Suppression Module Connector - C3281A
        • Fire Suppression System Module Connectors - C3281B
        • Fuel Pump Driver Module Connector - C4033
        • Air Suspension Height Sensor Connector - C4043
        • Left Rear Air Spring Solenoid Valve Connector - C4044
        • Right Rear Air Spring Solenoid Valve Connector - C4045
        • Air Suspension Disable Switch Connector - C4087
        • Left Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 1 Connector - C4112
        • Left Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 2 Connector - C4113
        • Right Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 1 Connector - C4114
        • Right Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 2 Connector - C4115
        • Left Rear Police Flasher Lamp Connector - C4163
        • Right Rear Police Flasher Lamp Connector - C4164
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Connector - C4168
        • Rear Police Auxiliary Junction Box Connector
          • Rear Police Auxiliary Junction Box Connector End View - C4170A
          • Rear Police Auxiliary Junction Box Connector End View - C4170B
        • Strobe Control Module Connectors
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View -C4231A
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231B
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231C
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231D
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231E
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231F
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231G
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231J
        • Smart Siren Amplifier Connector - C4232
        • Trunk Air Circulation Fan Motor Connector - C4233
        • Rear Deck Led Flasher Connector - C4234
        • Left Rear Strobe Assembly Connector - C4235
        • Right Rear Strobe Assembly Connector - C4236
        • Right Rear Police Tray Lamp Connector - C4298
        • Left Rear Police Tray Lamp Connector - C4299
        • Right Fire Suppressor Connector - C4316
        • Left Fire Suppressor Connector - C4317
        • Trunk Perimeter Disarm Switch Connector - C4330
        • Fire Suppression Manual Switch Connector - C9034
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Body Control Modules
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cooling Fan
      • Cruise Control
      • Defoggers
      • Electronic Suspension
      • Engine Performance
        • 4.6L Flex Fuel
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Seats
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlock
      • Starting/Charging
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
      • Trunk, Tailgate, Fuel Door
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Accessories & Equipment
  • Accessories Control Systems
    • Component Testing
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Main light switch
          • Schematic
          • Terminals
          • Component testing procedure
        • Ignition switch
          • Schematic
          • Component testing procedure
          • Terminals
        • Multifunction switch
          • Schematic
          • Terminals
          • Component testing procedure
        • Exterior rear view mirror switch
          • Schematic
          • Terminals
          • Component testing procedure
        • Master window adjust switch
          • Schematic
          • Component testing procedure
          • Terminals
        • Power window switch, RH side front
          • Schematic
          • Terminals
          • Component testing procedure
        • Window adjust switch, left rear
          • Schematic
          • Terminals
          • Component testing procedure
        • Window adjust switch, right rear
          • Schematic
          • Terminals
          • Component testing procedure
        • Door lock switch
          • Schematic
          • Terminals
          • Component testing procedure
        • Seat adjust switch
          • Schematic
          • Component testing procedure
          • Terminals
        • Relay - Mini ISO
          • Schematic
          • Terminals
          • Component testing procedure (no voltage applied)
          • Component testing procedure (voltage applied)
  • Anti-Theft Systems
    • Anti-Theft System - Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats)
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Theft
          • Notes
          • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) Function
          • Factory Invoiced Accessory (FIA)
          • Unlimited Key Mode
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Theft
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Anti-Theft Indicator
            • Encoded Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) Keys
            • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) Transceiver
            • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) Operation
            • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) PIDs
            • Unlimited Key Mode
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTC B2103
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: DTC B2103
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1600
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1600
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1601
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1601
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1602
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1602
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1681
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1681
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Anti-Theft Indicator Is Always/Never On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: The Anti-Theft Indicator Is Always/Never On
      • General Procedures
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Equipment
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Key Programming Using Two Programmed Keys
        • Anti-Theft Security Access
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Key Programming Switch State Control
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Spare Key Programming - Using Diagnostic Equipment
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Spare Key Programming - Unlimited Key Mode
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Enabling Unlimited Key Mode
          • Disabling Unlimited Key Mode
      • Removal And Installation
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) Transceiver
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
    • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems
      • Specifications
        • Material Specification
        • Torque Specification
      • Description And Operation
        • Handles, Locks, Latches and Entry Systems
          • Hood Latch
          • Front Door
          • Rear Door
          • Luggage Compartment
          • Lock Cylinders
          • Autolock
          • Auto-Unlock
          • Smart Unlock
          • Unlock Inhibit Feature
          • Remote Keyless Entry (RKE)
          • Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Lock/Unlock Control - Unlock
          • Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Lock/Unlock Control - Lock
          • Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Luggage Compartment Lid Release
          • Panic Alarm
          • Keyless Entry Keypad
          • Unlocking the Doors with the Keyless Entry Keypad System
          • Locking the Doors with the Keyless Entry Keypad System
          • Releasing the Luggage Compartment Lid with the Keyless Entry Keypad System
          • Anti-Scan Feature
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Handles, Locks, Latches and Entry Systems
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Principles Of Operation
            • Power Locks
            • Opening the Luggage Compartment Lid with the Luggage Compartment Lid Release Switch
              • Without Police Package
              • With Police Package
            • Remote Keyless Entry (RKE)
            • Keyless Entry Keypad
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
            • Driver Door Module (DDM) DTC Chart
            • Lighting Control Module (LCM) DTC Chart
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Door Locks Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: All Door Locks Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: A Single/More Than One Door Lock Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: A Single/More Than One Door Lock Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Door Locks Operate Only One Way
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: The Door Locks Operate Only One Way
            • Pinpoint Test D: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From One Switch
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From One Switch
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Luggage Compartment Lid Release Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly - Without Police Package
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: The Luggage Compartment Lid Release Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly - Without Police Package
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Luggage Compartment Lid Release Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly- With Police Package
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: The Luggage Compartment Lid Release Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly - With Police Package
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Keyless Entry Keypad
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test G: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Keyless Entry Keypad
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Keyless Entry Keypad Illumination Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test H: The Keyless Entry Keypad Illumination Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Transmitter Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test I: The RKE Transmitter Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test J: An Individual Button/Feature Is Inoperative From The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Transmitter
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test J: An Individual Button/Feature Is Inoperative From The RKE Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Transmitter Has Poor Range Performance
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test K: The RKE Transmitter Has Poor Range Performance
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Autolock Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test L: The AUTOLOCK Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Auto-Unlock Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test M: The Auto-Unlock Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Smart Unlock Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test N: The Smart Unlock Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test O: Hard To Open/Close Door From Either Door Handle
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test O: Hard To Open/Close Door From Either Door Handle
            • Pinpoint Test P: A Door Is Difficult/Does Not Open From The Exterior Door Handle
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test P: A Door Is Difficult/Does Not Open From The Exterior Door Handle
            • Pinpoint Test Q: A Door Is Difficult/Does Not Open From The Interior Door Handle
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Q: A Door Is Difficult/Does Not Open From The Interior Door Handle
            • Pinpoint Test R: Exterior Door Release Handle Sticks
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test R: Exterior Door Release Handle Sticks
            • Pinpoint Test S: Interior Door Release Handle Sticks
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test S: Interior Door Release Handle Sticks
            • Pinpoint Test T: Squeak/Rattle/Chucking Noise From Door
              • Notes
              • Pinpoint Test T: Squeak/Rattle/Chucking Noise From Door
            • Pinpoint Test U: Manual Door Lock Cylinder Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test U: Manual Door Lock Cylinder Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Keyless Entry Keypad Code Programming
          • Programming A Personal Keyless Entry Keypad Code
          • Erasing the Personal Keyless Entry Keypad Codes
        • Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Transmitter Programming
        • Autolock and Auto-Unlock Programming
          • Autolock
          • Auto-Unlock
        • Latch Lubrication
          • Material
        • Door Handle to Latch Rod Adjustment
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hood Latch and Components - Exploded View
        • Hood Latch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Hood Latch Release Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Door Handles, Locks and Latches - Exploded View
        • Front Door Latch
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Door Lock Actuator
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Ajar Switch - Front
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Front Door Handle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Lock Cylinder
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Door Handles, Locks and Latches - Exploded View
        • Rear Door Latch
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Door Lock Actuator
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Ajar Switch - Rear Door
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Rear Door Handle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Latch
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Lock Cylinder
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Ignition Lock Cylinder - Functional
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Ignition Lock Cylinder - Non Functional
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Lock Control Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Keyless Entry Keypad
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Antenna
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
  • Communication Devices
    • Module Communications Network
      • Description And Operation
        • Communications Network
          • Notes
          • Network Topology
          • High Speed Controller Area Network (HS-CAN)
          • ISO 9141 Network
          • Standard Corporate Protocol (SCP) Communication Network
          • Network Termination
          • Gateway Module
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Communications Network
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • ISO 9141 Communications Network
            • Standard Corporate Protocol (SCP) Network
            • High Speed Controller Area Network (HS-CAN)
            • Controller Area Network (CAN) Fault Tolerance
            • Normal CAN Operation
            • CAN Circuits Shorted Together
            • CAN (+) Circuit Shorted To Ground
            • CAN (-) Circuit Shorted To Ground
            • CAN (+) Circuit Shorted To Battery Voltage
            • CAN (-) Circuit Shorted To Battery Voltage
            • CAN Circuit Signal Corruption
            • Controller Area Network (CAN) Multiplex Messages
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The PCM Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Pcm Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
            • Pinpoint Test B: The ABS Module Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: The Abs Module Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Instrument Cluster (IC) Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: The Ic Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Vehicle Dynamics Module (VDM) Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: The VDM Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
            • Pinpoint Test E: The HVAC Module Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: The HVAC Module Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Lighting Control Module (LCM) Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: The LCM Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Driver Door Module (DDM) Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test G: The DDM Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Fire Suppression System Module (FSSM) Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test H: The FSSM Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Restraints Control Module (RCM) Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test I: The RCM Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
            • Pinpoint Test J: Intermittent No High Speed Controller Area Network (HS-CAN) Communication, One Or More Modules Are Not Responding During Network Test
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test J: Intermittent No HS-Can Communication, One Or More Modules Are Not Responding During Network Test
            • Pinpoint Test K: No High Speed Controller Area Network (HS-CAN) Communication, All Modules Are Not Responding
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test K: No HS-Can Communication, All Modules Are Not Responding
            • Pinpoint Test L: No ISO 9141 Network Communication, All Modules Are Not Responding
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test L: No ISO 9141 Network Communication, All Modules Are Not Responding
            • Pinpoint Test M: No Standard Corporate Protocol (SCP) Network Communications, All Modules Are Not Responding
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test M: No SCP Network Communication, All Modules Are Not Responding
            • Pinpoint Test N: No Power To The Scan Tool
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test N: No Power To The Scan Tool
    • Module Configuration System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Module Configuration
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Definition of Terms
            • Notes
            • Programmable Module Installation (PMI)
            • Module Reprogramming
            • Programmable Parameters
            • Adaptive Learning and Calibration
            • Vehicle Identification (VID) Block
            • Module Address
            • As-Built Data
          • Inspection and Verification
      • General Procedures
        • Programmable Module Installation (PMI)
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Programmable Module Installation (PMI) Using the Integrated Diagnostic System (IDS) When the Original Module is Available
          • Programmable Module Installation (PMI) Using the Integrated Diagnostic System (IDS) When the Original Module is NOT Available
    • MULTIFUNCTION Electronic Modules
      • Description And Operation
        • Module Controlled Functions
          • Notes
          • Driver Door Module (DDM)
          • Lighting Control Module (LCM)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Chart
        • Driver Door Module (DDM)
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTC B1317
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: DTC B1317
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1318
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1318
        • Lighting Control Module (LCM)
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1676
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1676
      • Removal And Installation
        • Driver Door Module (DDM)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lighting Control Module (LCM)
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
  • Cruise Control Systems
    • Specifications
      • Torque Specification
    • Description And Operation
      • Cruise Control
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Cruise Control
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Principles of Operation
          • Notes
          • Network Communication
        • Inspection and Verification
        • DTC Charts
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Cruise Control is Inoperative
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Cruise Control Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test B: DTC P1572 OR DTC P1703
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC P1572 Or DTC P1703
          • Pinpoint Test C: The Cruise Control Switches Do Not Operate Correctly
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Cruise Control Switches Do Not Operate Correctly
    • Removal And Installation
      • Cruise Control Switch
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
      • Cruise Control Deactivator Switch
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Installation
  • Entertainment Systems
    • Information System And Entertainment System
      • Description And Operation
        • Information and Entertainment System
          • Functional Components
          • Audio Line-Up
          • Radio Frequency Interference Suppression Equipment
          • Antenna
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Information and Entertainment System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Speaker Walk-Around Test
            • Audio Unit Self-Diagnostic Mode
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Audio Unit Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Audio Unit Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test B: Poor Reception
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: Poor Reception
            • Pinpoint Test C: Poor Quality/Distorted/No Sound From One Or More Speakers
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: Poor Quality/Distorted/No Sound From One Or More Speakers
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Subwoofer Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: The Subwoofer Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Steering Wheel Controls Are Inoperative/Do Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: The Steering Wheel Controls Are Inoperative/Do Not Operate Correctly
      • General Procedures
        • Audio Unit Part Number Retrieval
      • Removal And Installation
        • Antenna Lead-In Cable
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Antenna Module
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Audio Unit
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Speaker
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Parcel Shelf Speaker
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Steering Wheel Controls
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Speaker - Subwoofer
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Subwoofer Amplifier
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
  • Exterior Lights
    • Exterior Lighting System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specification
      • Description And Operation
        • Exterior Lighting
          • Notes
          • Lamp Assembly Condensation
          • Headlamps
          • Autolamps
          • Stoplamps
          • Turn Signal/Hazard and Cornering Lamps
          • Parking Lamps
          • Fog Lamps
          • Reversing Lamps
          • Police Option
          • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Chart
          • Lighting Control Module (LCM) DTC Chart
          • Driver Door Module (DDM) DTC Chart
        • Headlamps
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Both High Beams Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: Both High Beams Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: One Low Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: One Low Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: One High Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: One High Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Headlamps Are On Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: The Headlamps Are On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Flash-To-Pass Feature Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: The Flash-To-Pass Feature Is Inoperative
        • Autolamps
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Autolamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: The AUTOLAMPS Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Autolamps Are On Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test G: The AUTOLAMPS Are On Continuously
        • Stoplamps
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test H: All The Stoplamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test H: All The STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test I: One Or More Stoplamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test I: One Or More STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Stoplamps Are On Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test J: The STOPLAMPS Are On Continuously
        • Turn Signal, Cornering and Hazard Lamps
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Turn Signals
            • Cornering Lamps
            • Hazard Lamps
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test K: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test L: One Turn Signal Lamp Is Inoperative/Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test L: One Turn Signal/Hazard Lamp Is Inoperative/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Cornering Lamp Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test M: The Cornering Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Cornering Lamp Is Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test N: The Cornering Lamp Is Always On
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Hazard Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test O: The Hazard Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test AF: The Turn Signal Lamps Flash Fast And All Bulbs Operate
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AF: The Turn Signal Lamps Flash Fast And All Bulbs Operate
        • Parking, Rear and License Plate Lamps
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test P: One Or More Parking, Rear Or License Plate Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test P: One Or More Parking, Rear Or License Plate Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The Parking, Rear And License Plate Lamps Are On Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Q: The Parking, Rear And License Plate Lamps Are On Continuously
        • Fog Lamps
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test R: Both Fog Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test R: Both Fog Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test S: An Individual Fog Lamp Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test S: An Individual Fog Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test T: The Fog Lamps Are On Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test T: The Fog Lamps Are On Continuously
        • Reversing Lamps
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Reversing Lamps
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test U: Both Reversing Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test U: Both Reversing Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test V: An Individual Reversing Lamp Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test V: An Individual Reversing Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test W: The Reversing Lamps Are On Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test W: The Reversing Lamps Are On Continuously
        • Public Safety - Police Package
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test X: The Spotlamp Is Inoperative/Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test X: The SPOTLAMP Is Inoperative/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test Y: The Package Tray Lamps Do Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Y: The Package Tray Lamps Do Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test Z: The Decklid Flashing Lamps Do Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Z: The DECKLID Flashing Lamps Do Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test AA: The Alternating Flashing Headlamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Aa: The Alternating Flashing Headlamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test AB: The Public Safety Equipment Power Supply Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ab: The Public Safety Equipment Power Supply Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test AC: The Rear Deck LED Flasher Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ac: The Rear Deck Led Flasher Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test AD: The Strobe Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ad: The Strobe Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test AE: The Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) Are Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AE: The DRL Are Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Headlamp Adjustment
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Headlamp Aiming
          • Photometric Aiming
          • Screen Method Aiming
          • Mechanical Aiming
        • Autolamps Time Delay Adjustment
        • Front Fog Lamp Adjustment
          • Front Fog Lamp Adjustment Screw Location
      • Removal And Installation
        • Headlamp Assembly
          • Crown Victoria
          • Grand Marquis
          • Removal and Installation
        • Headlamp Bulb
          • Crown Victoria
          • Grand Marquis
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fog Lamp
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fog Lamp Bulb
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Side Turn Signal Lamp
          • Crown Victoria
          • Grand Marquis
          • Removal and Installation
        • Stoplamp Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Light Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Headlamp Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • High Mounted Stoplamp
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Lamp Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Spotlamp
          • Removal and Installation
  • Gauges & Instrument Panels
    • Information Center - Instrumentation, Message Center And Warning Chimes
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster (IC)
        • Information And Message Center
          • Notes
          • Oil Life and Oil Life Start Value
          • Information Displays
          • Setup Displays
          • System Check Displays
          • System Warnings
        • Warning Chimes
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrumentation, Message Center and Warning Chimes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Instrument Cluster (IC)
              • IC Messages
              • IC Prove-Out
            • Information And Message Center
            • Warning Chimes
              • Notes
              • Safety Belt Warning Chime
              • Belt-Minder®
              • Key-In-Ignition Warning Chime
              • Headlamps On Warning Chime
              • Turn Signal On Warning Chime
              • Door Ajar Warning Chime
              • Air Bag Warning Chime
              • Message Center Warning Chime
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Instrument Cluster (IC) Self-Diagnostic Mode
          • DTC Charts
            • Instrument Cluster (IC) DTC Chart
            • Fire Suppression System Module (FSSM) DTC Chart
            • Lighting Control Module (LCM) DTC Chart
            • PCM DTC Chart
            • Restraints Control Module (RCM) DTC Chart
          • Symptom Charts
            • Symptom Chart - Instrument Cluster (IC)
            • Symptom Chart - Information And Message Center
            • Symptom Chart - Warning Chimes
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Instrument Cluster (IC) Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Ic Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Temperature Gauge Is Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: The Temperature Gauge Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Tachometer Is Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: The Tachometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Speedometer Is Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: The Speedometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Low Fuel Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: The Low Fuel Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)/Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test G: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Check Fuel Cap Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test H: The Check Fuel Cap Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test I: The BRAKE Warning Indicator Is Never On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test I: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test J: The BRAKE Warning Indicator Is Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test J: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Always On
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Charging System Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test K: The Charging System Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Fire Suppression System Indicator Is Never On (Police Vehicles Only)
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test L: The Fire Suppression System Indicator Is Never On (Police Vehicles Only)
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Fire Suppression System Indicator Is Always On (Police Vehicles Only)
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test M: The Fire Suppression System Indicator Is Always On (Police Vehicles Only)
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Air Suspension Indicator Is Never/Always On (If Equipped)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test N: The Air Suspension Indicator Is Never/Always On (If Equipped)
            • Pinpoint Test O: The High Beam Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test O: The High Beam Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test P: The LH/RH Turn Indicator Is Never On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test P: The LH/RH Turn Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The ABS Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Q: The Abs Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Traction Control Indicator Is Never/Always On (If Equipped)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test R: The Traction Control Indicator Is Never/Always On (If Equipped)
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Low Oil Pressure Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test S: The Low Oil Pressure Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test T: The Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test T: The Mil Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test U: The Air Bag Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test U: The Air Bag Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test V: The Cruise Control Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test V: The Cruise Control Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test W: The Powertrain Malfunction (Wrench) Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test W: The Powertrain Malfunction (Wrench) Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test X: The Door/Trunk Ajar Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)/Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test X: The Door/Trunk Ajar Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test Y: The Overdrive (O/D) Off Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Y: The O/D Off Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test Z: The Engine Over-Temperature Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Z: The Engine Over-Temperature Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test AA: The Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Aa: The TPMS Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test AB: The Engine Idle Hour Meter Is Inoperative (If Equipped)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ab: The Engine Idle Hour Meter Is Inoperative (If Equipped)
            • Pinpoint Test AC: Incorrect Speedometer Indication
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ac: Incorrect Speedometer Indication
            • Pinpoint Test AD: The Message Center Is Not Operating Correctly
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ad: The Message Center Is Not Operating Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test AE: The LOW WASHER FLUID LEVEL Message Is Inoperative/Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AE: The Low Washer Fluid Level Message Is Inoperative/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test AF: The DOOR AJAR Warning Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AF: The Door Ajar Warning Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test AG: The TRUNK AJAR Message Is Inoperative/Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ag: The Trunk Ajar Message Is Inoperative/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test AH: The Headlamps On Warning Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ah: The Headlamps On Warning Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test AI: The Air Bag/Safety Belt Warning Chime Is Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ai: The Air Bag/Safety Belt Warning Chime Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test AJ: The Key-In-Ignition Warning Chime Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AJ: The Key-In-Ignition Warning Chime Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test AK: The Door Ajar Warning Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AK: The Door Ajar Warning Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test AL: The Chime Sounds When The Driver Door Is Ajar (No Key In Ignition And Headlamps Off)
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Al: The Chime Sounds When The Driver Door Is Ajar (No Key In Ignition And Headlamps Off)
            • Pinpoint Test AM: The Turn Signal On Warning Chime Is Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Am: The Turn Signal On Warning Chime Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test AN: DTC B1317
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test An: DTC B1317
            • Pinpoint Test AO: DTC B1318
              • Notes
              • Pinpoint Test AO: DTC B1318
            • Pinpoint Test AP: The Odometer Is Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AP: The Odometer Is Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Message Center Configuration
          • Oil Life Reset
          • Oil Life Start Value
        • Belt-Minder® Deactivating/Activating
          • Preparation
          • Deactivating/Activating
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Cluster (IC)
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Instrument Cluster (IC) Lens
          • Removal and Installation
        • Message Center Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
    • Instrument Cluster Illumination And Panel Illumination
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Dimmable Backlighting
            • Fixed Level Backlighting
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Dimmable Illumination Does Not Dim
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The DIMMABLE Illumination Does Not Dim
            • Pinpoint Test B: All Dimmable Switch Illumination Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: All DIMMABLE Switch Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Instrument Cluster (IC) Illumination Is Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: The Ic Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The HVAC Module/Climate Control Assembly Illumination Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: The HVAC Module/Climate Control Assembly Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Audio Unit Illumination Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: The Audio Unit Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Steering Wheel Switch(es) Illumination Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: The Steering Wheel Switch(Es) Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: One Or More Switch Illumination Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test G: One Or More Switch Illumination Is Inoperative
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Panel Dimmer Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
    • Instrument Panel And Console
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specification
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Panel - Exploded View
        • Instrument Panel
          • Removal and Installation
        • Instrument Cluster Finish Panel
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Console - Overhead
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
  • Horns
    • Horn System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specification Chart
      • Description And Operation
        • Horn
          • Notes
          • Horn Location
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Horn
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Horn Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Horn Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Horn Is Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: The Horn Is Always On
  • Infotainment
    • Information System And Entertainment System
      • Description And Operation
        • Information and Entertainment System
          • Functional Components
          • Audio Line-Up
          • Radio Frequency Interference Suppression Equipment
          • Antenna
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Information and Entertainment System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Speaker Walk-Around Test
            • Audio Unit Self-Diagnostic Mode
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Audio Unit Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Audio Unit Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test B: Poor Reception
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: Poor Reception
            • Pinpoint Test C: Poor Quality/Distorted/No Sound From One Or More Speakers
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: Poor Quality/Distorted/No Sound From One Or More Speakers
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Subwoofer Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: The Subwoofer Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Steering Wheel Controls Are Inoperative/Do Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: The Steering Wheel Controls Are Inoperative/Do Not Operate Correctly
      • General Procedures
        • Audio Unit Part Number Retrieval
      • Removal And Installation
        • Antenna Lead-In Cable
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Antenna Module
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Audio Unit
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Speaker
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Parcel Shelf Speaker
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Steering Wheel Controls
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Speaker - Subwoofer
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Subwoofer Amplifier
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
  • Interior/Exterior Trim
    • Exterior Trim & Ornamentation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Quarter Panel Moulding
          • Removal and Installation
        • License Plate Housing
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
    • Interior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Specifications
        • General Specification
        • Torque Specification
      • Removal And Installation
        • Interior Trim - Exploded View
        • B-Pillar Trim Panel
          • Removal and Installation
        • Quarter Trim Panel
          • Removal and Installation
        • Parcel Shelf
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Trim Panel - Front
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Trim Panel - Rear
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Headliner
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Interior/Illumination Lights
    • Interior Lighting System
      • Description And Operation
        • Interior Lighting
          • Notes
          • Courtesy Lamps
          • Demand Lamps
          • Dark Car Feature
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Interior Lighting
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Lighting Control Module (LCM)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Courtesy Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Courtesy Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: An Individual Courtesy Lamp Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: An Individual Courtesy Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Courtesy Lamps Stay On Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: The Courtesy Lamps Stay On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Courtesy Lamps Do Not Turn On With One Door Open
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: The Courtesy Lamps Do Not Turn On With One Door Open
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Demand Lighting Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: The Demand Lighting Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: An Individual Demand Lamp Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: An Individual Demand Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Battery Saver Does Not Deactivate After Timeout
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test G: The Battery Saver Does Not Deactivate After Timeout
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Luggage Compartment Lamp Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test H: The Luggage Compartment Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Courtesy Lamps Are Inoperative - From The Instrument Panel Dimmer Switch
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test I: The Courtesy Lamps Are Inoperative - From The Instrument Panel Dimmer Switch
            • Pinpoint Test J: DTC B1334
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test J: DTC B1334
  • Mirrors
    • Rear View Mirror
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specification Chart
      • Description And Operation
        • Rear View Mirrors
          • Notes
          • Exterior Mirrors
            • Power Exterior Mirrors
            • Heated Exterior Mirrors
          • Interior Mirror
            • Notes
            • Interior Rear View Mirror
            • Interior Auto-Dimming Rear View Mirror
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Rear View Mirrors - Exterior
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Heated Exterior Mirror
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Exterior Mirrors
          • Symptom Chart - NVH
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Mirrors are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Mirrors Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Mirror is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Mirror Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Mirror Does Not Function with Switch Logic
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Mirror Does Not Function With Switch Logic
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Heated Exterior Mirror is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: The Heated Exterior Mirror Is Inoperative
        • Rear View Mirrors - Interior
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Interior Auto-Dimming Rear View Mirror
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Interior Mirror
          • Symptom Chart - NVH
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Auto Dimming Mirror Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: The Auto-Dimming Mirror Does Not Operate Correctly
      • Removal And Installation
        • Exterior Mirrors - Exploded View
        • Exterior Mirror
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Mirror Glass
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Mirror Motor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Mirror Cover
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Exterior Mirror Control Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Interior Rear View Mirror
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Auto-Dimming Interior Mirror
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Seat System - Seats
    • Specifications
      • Torque Specification
    • Description And Operation
      • Seats
        • Front Seats
        • Power Seat Track
        • Power Recliner
        • Power Lumbar
        • Seat Side Air Bag
        • Heated Seat
        • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS)
        • Belt Tension Sensor (BTS)
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Seats
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Restraint System Diagnostic Service Tool Warning
        • Principles of Operation
          • Front Power Seats
          • Heated Seats
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Notes
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Power Seat is Inoperative
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Power Seat Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test B: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically - Driver
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically - Driver
          • Pinpoint Test C: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically - Passenger
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically - Passenger
          • Pinpoint Test D: The Power Seat Does Not Recline - Driver
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Power Seat Does Not Recline - Driver
          • Pinpoint Test E: The Power Seat Does Not Recline - Passenger
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Power Seat Does Not Recline - Passenger
          • Pinpoint Test F: The Power Seat Moves But is Noisy
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Power Seat Moves But Is Noisy
          • Pinpoint Test G: The Power Seat Moves But is Loose
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Power Seat Moves But Is Loose
          • Pinpoint Test H: The Power Seat Does Not Make Full Travel
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Power Seat Does Not Make Full Travel
          • Pinpoint Test I: The Power Lumbar is Inoperative - Driver
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Power Lumbar Is Inoperative - Driver
          • Pinpoint Test J: The Power Lumbar is Inoperative - Passenger
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Power Lumbar Is Inoperative - Passenger
          • Pinpoint Test K: The Heated Seat is Inoperative - Driver
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Driver
          • Pinpoint Test L: The Heated Seat is Inoperative - Passenger
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Passenger
          • Pinpoint Test M: The Heated Seat is Inoperative - Driver, Does Not Operate in High
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Driver, Does Not Operate In High
          • Pinpoint Test N: The Heated Seat is Inoperative - Driver, Does Not Operate in Low
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Driver, Does Not Operate In Low
          • Pinpoint Test O: The Heated Seat is Inoperative - Passenger, Does Not Operate in High
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Passenger, Does Not Operate In High
          • Pinpoint Test P: The Heated Seat is Inoperative - Passenger, Does Not Operate in Low
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Passenger, Does Not Operate In Low
    • Removal And Installation
      • Seat - Front
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Seat - Exploded View, Front
        • Front Seat Backrest
          • Notes
          • Driver cushion
      • Seat Backrest - Front
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Seat Recliner - Manual
        • Removal and Installation
      • Seat Recliner - Power
        • Removal and Installation
      • Lumbar Assembly
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Lumbar Control Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Seat Control Switch
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
      • Heated Seat Switch
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
      • Heated Seat Module
        • Removal and Installation
      • Seat Track
        • Removal and Installation
      • Seat - Rear
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
      • Seat Armrest - Rear
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
    • Disassembly And Assembly
      • Seat Backrest - Front
        • Notes
        • Disassembly
        • Assembly
      • Seat Cushion - Front
        • Driver Cushion
        • Disassembly
        • Assembly
      • Seat Armrest - Rear
        • Notes
        • Disassembly and Assembly
  • Steering Column Switches
    • Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Steering Column Switches
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Steering Column Switches
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Principles of Operation
          • Notes
          • Ignition Switch
          • Multifunction Switch
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: No Power in All Ignition Switch Positions
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Power In All Ignition Switch Positions
          • Pinpoint Test B: No Power in RUN/ACC
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test B: No Power In Run/Acc
          • Pinpoint Test C: No Power in RUN/START
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test C: No Power In Run/Start
        • Component Tests
          • Ignition Switch - Mechanical
          • Ignition Switch - Electrical
          • Multifunction Switch - Electrical
    • Removal And Installation
      • Steering Column Multifunction Switch
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
      • Ignition Switch
        • Removal and Installation
  • Window Motors & Regulators
    • Windows And Glass - Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
      • Specifications
        • Window Regulator Electric Drive Current Draw Specification
        • Material Specification
        • General Specification
        • Torque Specification
      • Description And Operation
        • Glass, Frames and Mechanisms
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Glass, Frames and Mechanisms
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Power Window Control
            • Rear Window Defrost
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Chart
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All the Power Windows are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: All The Power Windows Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Power Window is Inoperative - Driver
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Driver
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Power Window is Inoperative - Passenger Front
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Passenger Front
            • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Power Window is Inoperative - Passenger Rear
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • LH Rear
              • RH Rear
              • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Passenger Rear
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Defrost System is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: The Defrost System Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC B1349 - Heated Backlite Relay Short to Battery
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: DTC B1349 - Heated Backlight Relay Short To Battery
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Defrost System Does Not Shut Off Automatically
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test G: The Defrost System Does Not Shut Off Automatically
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Defrost System is Inoperative - ON Indicator
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test H: The Defrost System Is Inoperative - On Indicator
          • Component Tests
            • Grid Wire Test
      • General Procedures
        • Window Grid Wire Repair
          • General Equipment
          • Material
        • Lead Terminal Repair
          • General Equipment
          • Material
        • Window Glass Adjustment
          • Front Door Window Glass Adjustment
          • Rear Door Window Glass Adjustment
        • Glass Reseal - Windshield
          • Material
        • Glass Reseal - Rear
          • Material
      • Removal And Installation
        • Windshield Glass
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Glass, Frames and Mechanisms - Exploded View, Front Door
        • Window Glass - Front Door
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Window Regulator and Motor - Front Door
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Window Regulator Motor - Front Door
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Glass Top Run - Front
          • Removal and Installation
        • Glass, Frames and Mechanisms - Exploded View, Rear Door
        • Window Glass - Rear Door
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Window Regulator and Motor - Rear Door
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Window Regulator Motor - Rear Door
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Window Glass - Rear Quarter
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Rear
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Control Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
  • Wiper/Washer Systems
    • Wiper System & Washer System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specification Chart
        • General Specification Chart
        • Torque Specification Chart
      • Description And Operation
        • Wipers and Washers
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Wipers and Washers
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • High-Speed Operation
            • Low-Speed
            • Intermittent Speed
            • Washer System
            • Software Safe Mode
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Wipers are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Wipers Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Wipers Stay On Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: The Wipers Stay On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test C: The High/Low Wiper Speeds Do Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: The High/Low Wiper Speeds Do Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Intermittent Wiper Speed Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: The Intermittent Wiper Speed Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Washer Pump is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: The Washer Pump Is Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Wiper Blade and Pivot Arm Adjustment
      • Removal And Installation
        • Wiper and Washer System - Exploded View
        • Wiper Pivot Arm
          • Removal and Installation
        • Wiper Mounting Arm and Pivot Shaft
          • Removal and Installation
        • Wiper Motor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Washer Pump and Reservoir
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
• Body & Frame
  • Door Locks
    • Anti-Theft System - Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats)
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Theft
          • Notes
          • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) Function
          • Factory Invoiced Accessory (FIA)
          • Unlimited Key Mode
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Theft
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Anti-Theft Indicator
            • Encoded Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) Keys
            • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) Transceiver
            • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) Operation
            • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) PIDs
            • Unlimited Key Mode
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTC B2103
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: DTC B2103
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1600
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1600
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1601
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1601
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1602
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1602
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1681
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1681
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Anti-Theft Indicator Is Always/Never On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: The Anti-Theft Indicator Is Always/Never On
      • General Procedures
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Equipment
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Key Programming Using Two Programmed Keys
        • Anti-Theft Security Access
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Key Programming Switch State Control
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Spare Key Programming - Using Diagnostic Equipment
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Spare Key Programming - Unlimited Key Mode
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Enabling Unlimited Key Mode
          • Disabling Unlimited Key Mode
      • Removal And Installation
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) Transceiver
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
    • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems
      • Specifications
        • Material Specification
        • Torque Specification
      • Description And Operation
        • Handles, Locks, Latches and Entry Systems
          • Hood Latch
          • Front Door
          • Rear Door
          • Luggage Compartment
          • Lock Cylinders
          • Autolock
          • Auto-Unlock
          • Smart Unlock
          • Unlock Inhibit Feature
          • Remote Keyless Entry (RKE)
          • Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Lock/Unlock Control - Unlock
          • Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Lock/Unlock Control - Lock
          • Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Luggage Compartment Lid Release
          • Panic Alarm
          • Keyless Entry Keypad
          • Unlocking the Doors with the Keyless Entry Keypad System
          • Locking the Doors with the Keyless Entry Keypad System
          • Releasing the Luggage Compartment Lid with the Keyless Entry Keypad System
          • Anti-Scan Feature
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Handles, Locks, Latches and Entry Systems
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Principles Of Operation
            • Power Locks
            • Opening the Luggage Compartment Lid with the Luggage Compartment Lid Release Switch
              • Without Police Package
              • With Police Package
            • Remote Keyless Entry (RKE)
            • Keyless Entry Keypad
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
            • Driver Door Module (DDM) DTC Chart
            • Lighting Control Module (LCM) DTC Chart
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Door Locks Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: All Door Locks Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: A Single/More Than One Door Lock Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: A Single/More Than One Door Lock Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Door Locks Operate Only One Way
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: The Door Locks Operate Only One Way
            • Pinpoint Test D: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From One Switch
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From One Switch
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Luggage Compartment Lid Release Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly - Without Police Package
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: The Luggage Compartment Lid Release Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly - Without Police Package
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Luggage Compartment Lid Release Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly- With Police Package
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: The Luggage Compartment Lid Release Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly - With Police Package
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Keyless Entry Keypad
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test G: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Keyless Entry Keypad
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Keyless Entry Keypad Illumination Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test H: The Keyless Entry Keypad Illumination Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Transmitter Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test I: The RKE Transmitter Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test J: An Individual Button/Feature Is Inoperative From The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Transmitter
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test J: An Individual Button/Feature Is Inoperative From The RKE Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Transmitter Has Poor Range Performance
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test K: The RKE Transmitter Has Poor Range Performance
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Autolock Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test L: The AUTOLOCK Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Auto-Unlock Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test M: The Auto-Unlock Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Smart Unlock Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test N: The Smart Unlock Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test O: Hard To Open/Close Door From Either Door Handle
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test O: Hard To Open/Close Door From Either Door Handle
            • Pinpoint Test P: A Door Is Difficult/Does Not Open From The Exterior Door Handle
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test P: A Door Is Difficult/Does Not Open From The Exterior Door Handle
            • Pinpoint Test Q: A Door Is Difficult/Does Not Open From The Interior Door Handle
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Q: A Door Is Difficult/Does Not Open From The Interior Door Handle
            • Pinpoint Test R: Exterior Door Release Handle Sticks
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test R: Exterior Door Release Handle Sticks
            • Pinpoint Test S: Interior Door Release Handle Sticks
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test S: Interior Door Release Handle Sticks
            • Pinpoint Test T: Squeak/Rattle/Chucking Noise From Door
              • Notes
              • Pinpoint Test T: Squeak/Rattle/Chucking Noise From Door
            • Pinpoint Test U: Manual Door Lock Cylinder Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test U: Manual Door Lock Cylinder Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Keyless Entry Keypad Code Programming
          • Programming A Personal Keyless Entry Keypad Code
          • Erasing the Personal Keyless Entry Keypad Codes
        • Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Transmitter Programming
        • Autolock and Auto-Unlock Programming
          • Autolock
          • Auto-Unlock
        • Latch Lubrication
          • Material
        • Door Handle to Latch Rod Adjustment
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hood Latch and Components - Exploded View
        • Hood Latch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Hood Latch Release Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Door Handles, Locks and Latches - Exploded View
        • Front Door Latch
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Door Lock Actuator
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Ajar Switch - Front
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Front Door Handle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Lock Cylinder
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Door Handles, Locks and Latches - Exploded View
        • Rear Door Latch
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Door Lock Actuator
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Ajar Switch - Rear Door
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Rear Door Handle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Latch
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Lock Cylinder
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Ignition Lock Cylinder - Functional
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Ignition Lock Cylinder - Non Functional
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Lock Control Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Keyless Entry Keypad
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Antenna
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
  • Exterior Body Panels
    • Body Panel System - Body Closures
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specification
      • General Procedures
        • Door Alignment - Front
        • Door Alignment - Rear
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Alignment
        • Striker Adjustment
        • Torsion Bar Loading
      • Removal And Installation
        • Door - Front
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door - Rear
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Luggage Compartment Lid
          • Notes
          • Removal
    • Body Panel System - Front End Body Panels
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specification
      • Removal And Installation
        • Fender Splash Shield - LH
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fender Splash Shield - RH
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fender
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Radiator Grille Opening Panel
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Cowl Panel Grille
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
    • Bumper System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specification
      • Removal And Installation
        • Bumper - Exploded View, Front
        • Bumper Cover - Front
          • Removal and Installation
        • Bumper Isolator - Front
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Bumper - Front
          • Removal and Installation
        • Bumper Bracket - Front
          • Removal and Installation
        • Bumper - Exploded View, Rear
        • Bumper Cover - Rear
          • Removal and Installation
        • Bumper - Rear
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Bumper Bracket - Rear
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Exterior/Interior Trim
    • Exterior Trim & Ornamentation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Quarter Panel Moulding
          • Removal and Installation
        • License Plate Housing
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
    • Interior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Specifications
        • General Specification
        • Torque Specification
      • Removal And Installation
        • Interior Trim - Exploded View
        • B-Pillar Trim Panel
          • Removal and Installation
        • Quarter Trim Panel
          • Removal and Installation
        • Parcel Shelf
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Trim Panel - Front
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Trim Panel - Rear
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Headliner
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Frames, Subframes & Crossmembers
    • Body System - Uni-Body, SUBFRAME & Mounting System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specification Chart
      • Description And Operation
        • Frame and Body Mounting
      • Removal And Installation
        • Crossmember - Number 2
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Mirrors
    • Rear View Mirror
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specification Chart
      • Description And Operation
        • Rear View Mirrors
          • Notes
          • Exterior Mirrors
            • Power Exterior Mirrors
            • Heated Exterior Mirrors
          • Interior Mirror
            • Notes
            • Interior Rear View Mirror
            • Interior Auto-Dimming Rear View Mirror
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Rear View Mirrors - Exterior
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Heated Exterior Mirror
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Exterior Mirrors
          • Symptom Chart - NVH
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Mirrors are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Mirrors Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Mirror is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Mirror Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Mirror Does Not Function with Switch Logic
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Mirror Does Not Function With Switch Logic
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Heated Exterior Mirror is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: The Heated Exterior Mirror Is Inoperative
        • Rear View Mirrors - Interior
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Interior Auto-Dimming Rear View Mirror
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Interior Mirror
          • Symptom Chart - NVH
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Auto Dimming Mirror Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: The Auto-Dimming Mirror Does Not Operate Correctly
      • Removal And Installation
        • Exterior Mirrors - Exploded View
        • Exterior Mirror
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Mirror Glass
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Mirror Motor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Mirror Cover
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Exterior Mirror Control Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Interior Rear View Mirror
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Auto-Dimming Interior Mirror
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Seat System - Seats
    • Specifications
      • Torque Specification
    • Description And Operation
      • Seats
        • Front Seats
        • Power Seat Track
        • Power Recliner
        • Power Lumbar
        • Seat Side Air Bag
        • Heated Seat
        • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS)
        • Belt Tension Sensor (BTS)
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Seats
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Restraint System Diagnostic Service Tool Warning
        • Principles of Operation
          • Front Power Seats
          • Heated Seats
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Notes
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Power Seat is Inoperative
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Power Seat Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test B: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically - Driver
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically - Driver
          • Pinpoint Test C: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically - Passenger
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Power Seat Does Not Move Horizontally/Vertically - Passenger
          • Pinpoint Test D: The Power Seat Does Not Recline - Driver
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Power Seat Does Not Recline - Driver
          • Pinpoint Test E: The Power Seat Does Not Recline - Passenger
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Power Seat Does Not Recline - Passenger
          • Pinpoint Test F: The Power Seat Moves But is Noisy
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Power Seat Moves But Is Noisy
          • Pinpoint Test G: The Power Seat Moves But is Loose
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Power Seat Moves But Is Loose
          • Pinpoint Test H: The Power Seat Does Not Make Full Travel
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Power Seat Does Not Make Full Travel
          • Pinpoint Test I: The Power Lumbar is Inoperative - Driver
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Power Lumbar Is Inoperative - Driver
          • Pinpoint Test J: The Power Lumbar is Inoperative - Passenger
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Power Lumbar Is Inoperative - Passenger
          • Pinpoint Test K: The Heated Seat is Inoperative - Driver
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Driver
          • Pinpoint Test L: The Heated Seat is Inoperative - Passenger
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Passenger
          • Pinpoint Test M: The Heated Seat is Inoperative - Driver, Does Not Operate in High
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Driver, Does Not Operate In High
          • Pinpoint Test N: The Heated Seat is Inoperative - Driver, Does Not Operate in Low
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Driver, Does Not Operate In Low
          • Pinpoint Test O: The Heated Seat is Inoperative - Passenger, Does Not Operate in High
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Passenger, Does Not Operate In High
          • Pinpoint Test P: The Heated Seat is Inoperative - Passenger, Does Not Operate in Low
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Heated Seat Is Inoperative - Passenger, Does Not Operate In Low
    • Removal And Installation
      • Seat - Front
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Seat - Exploded View, Front
        • Front Seat Backrest
          • Notes
          • Driver cushion
      • Seat Backrest - Front
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Seat Recliner - Manual
        • Removal and Installation
      • Seat Recliner - Power
        • Removal and Installation
      • Lumbar Assembly
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Lumbar Control Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Seat Control Switch
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
      • Heated Seat Switch
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
      • Heated Seat Module
        • Removal and Installation
      • Seat Track
        • Removal and Installation
      • Seat - Rear
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
      • Seat Armrest - Rear
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
    • Disassembly And Assembly
      • Seat Backrest - Front
        • Notes
        • Disassembly
        • Assembly
      • Seat Cushion - Front
        • Driver Cushion
        • Disassembly
        • Assembly
      • Seat Armrest - Rear
        • Notes
        • Disassembly and Assembly
  • Windows And Glass - Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
    • Specifications
      • Window Regulator Electric Drive Current Draw Specification
      • Material Specification
      • General Specification
      • Torque Specification
    • Description And Operation
      • Glass, Frames and Mechanisms
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Glass, Frames and Mechanisms
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Principles of Operation
          • Power Window Control
          • Rear Window Defrost
        • Inspection and Verification
        • DTC Chart
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: All the Power Windows are Inoperative
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test A: All The Power Windows Are Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Power Window is Inoperative - Driver
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Driver
          • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Power Window is Inoperative - Passenger Front
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Passenger Front
          • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Power Window is Inoperative - Passenger Rear
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • LH Rear
            • RH Rear
            • Pinpoint Test D: A Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Passenger Rear
          • Pinpoint Test E: The Defrost System is Inoperative
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Defrost System Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test F: DTC B1349 - Heated Backlite Relay Short to Battery
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC B1349 - Heated Backlight Relay Short To Battery
          • Pinpoint Test G: The Defrost System Does Not Shut Off Automatically
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Defrost System Does Not Shut Off Automatically
          • Pinpoint Test H: The Defrost System is Inoperative - ON Indicator
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Defrost System Is Inoperative - On Indicator
        • Component Tests
          • Grid Wire Test
    • General Procedures
      • Window Grid Wire Repair
        • General Equipment
        • Material
      • Lead Terminal Repair
        • General Equipment
        • Material
      • Window Glass Adjustment
        • Front Door Window Glass Adjustment
        • Rear Door Window Glass Adjustment
      • Glass Reseal - Windshield
        • Material
      • Glass Reseal - Rear
        • Material
    • Removal And Installation
      • Windshield Glass
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Material
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Glass, Frames and Mechanisms - Exploded View, Front Door
      • Window Glass - Front Door
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Window Regulator and Motor - Front Door
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Window Regulator Motor - Front Door
        • Removal and Installation
      • Door Glass Top Run - Front
        • Removal and Installation
      • Glass, Frames and Mechanisms - Exploded View, Rear Door
      • Window Glass - Rear Door
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Window Regulator and Motor - Rear Door
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Window Regulator Motor - Rear Door
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Window Glass - Rear Quarter
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Window Glass - Rear
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Material
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Window Control Switch
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
• Brakes
  • Anti-Lock Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake System - Vehicle Dynamic Systems
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Lock Control
          • ABS with Engine Only Traction Control (EOTC)
            • Notes
            • Anti-Lock Control
            • Engine Only Traction Control (EOTC) System
            • Stability/Traction Control Switch
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Lock Control
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Anti-Lock Control
            • Electronic Brake Distribution (EBD)
            • Engine Only Traction Control (EOTC) System
              • Notes
              • Stability/Traction Control Switch
              • Stability/Traction Control Indicator "Sliding-Car Icon"
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTC C1300
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: DTC C1300
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTCs C1145, C1155, C1165 and C1175
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • PINPOINT TEST B: DTCs C1145, C1155, C1165 AND C1175
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTCs C1222, C1296, C1297, C1298 and C1299
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • PINPOINT TEST C: DTCs C1222, C1296, C1297, C1298 AND C1299
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1484
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1484
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1676
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1676
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC C1266
              • Notes
              • Pinpoint Test F: DTC C1266
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTCs B2900 and C1805
              • Normal Operation
              • PINPOINT TEST G: DTCs B2900 AND C1805
            • Pinpoint Test H: Poor Vehicle Tracking During Anti-Lock Function
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test H: Poor Vehicle Tracking During Anti-Lock Function
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Engine Only Traction Control (EOTC) System Cannot be Disabled
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test I: The Engine Only Traction Control (EOTC) System Cannot Be Disabled
            • Pinpoint Test J: The LED on the Stability/Traction Control Switch is Always Illuminated
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test J: The Led On The Stability/Traction Control Switch Is Always Illuminated
            • Pinpoint Test K: The LED on the Stability/Traction Control Switch Is Never Illuminated
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test K: The Led On The Stability/Traction Control Switch Is Never Illuminated
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Engine Only Traction Control (EOTC) System is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test L: The Engine Only Traction Control (EOTC) System Is Inoperative
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Module
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Wheel Speed Sensor - Front
          • Removal and Installation
        • Wheel Speed Sensor - Rear
          • Removal and Installation
        • Stability/Traction Control Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
    • Brake System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specification
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Brake System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Principles of Operation
          • Brake System
          • Brake Master Cylinder Compensator Ports
          • Red Brake Warning Indicator
        • Inspection And Verification
          • Material
        • Symptom Chart
          • Symptom Chart - Brake System
          • Symptom Chart - NVH
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: Vibration When the Brakes are Applied
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test A: Vibration When The Brakes Are Applied
        • Component Tests
          • Brake Booster
          • Brake Master Cylinder - Bypass Condition
          • Brake Master Cylinder - Compensator Port
      • General Procedures
        • Brake System Inspection
          • Material
          • Brake Pads
          • Brake Discs
          • Brake Calipers
          • Brake Caliper Guide Pins
          • Brake Flexible Hoses and Tubes
          • Brake Master Cylinder
          • Brake Booster
        • Brake Disc Machining
        • Component Bleeding
          • Material
          • Master Cylinder
          • Brake Caliper
        • Brake System Bleeding
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Pressure Bleeding
          • Manual Bleeding
          • Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
  • Mechanical - Hydraulic
    • Brake System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specification
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Brake System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Principles of Operation
          • Brake System
          • Brake Master Cylinder Compensator Ports
          • Red Brake Warning Indicator
        • Inspection And Verification
          • Material
        • Symptom Chart
          • Symptom Chart - Brake System
          • Symptom Chart - NVH
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: Vibration When the Brakes are Applied
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test A: Vibration When The Brakes Are Applied
        • Component Tests
          • Brake Booster
          • Brake Master Cylinder - Bypass Condition
          • Brake Master Cylinder - Compensator Port
      • General Procedures
        • Brake System Inspection
          • Material
          • Brake Pads
          • Brake Discs
          • Brake Calipers
          • Brake Caliper Guide Pins
          • Brake Flexible Hoses and Tubes
          • Brake Master Cylinder
          • Brake Booster
        • Brake Disc Machining
        • Component Bleeding
          • Material
          • Master Cylinder
          • Brake Caliper
        • Brake System Bleeding
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Pressure Bleeding
          • Manual Bleeding
          • Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
    • Front Disc Brake System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specification
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Front Disc Brake
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Front Disc Brake
      • Removal And Installation
        • Front Brake Pads
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Brake Caliper
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Brake Caliper Anchor Plate
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Disc Brakec
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Brake Flexible Hose
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
    • Hydraulic Brake System Actuation
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Hydraulic Brake Actuation
          • Hydraulic Brake Actuation
          • Adjustable Pedals
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Principles of Operation
          • Hydraulic Brakes
          • Adjustable Pedals
        • Inspection And Verification
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Test
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Pinpoint Test A: Adjustable Brake Pedal is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
              • Notes
              • Pinpoint Test A: Adjustable Brake Pedal Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
      • General Procedures
        • Adjustable Pedal Indexing
      • Removal And Installation
        • Brake Pedal and Bracket
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Brake Master Cylinder
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Brake Fluid Reservoir
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
    • Power Brake Actuation -- Brake Booster
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Brake Booster
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Power Brake System
      • Removal And Installation
        • Brake Booster
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
    • Rear Disc Brake System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Rear Disc Brake
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Rear Disc Brake
      • Removal And Installation
        • Rear Disc Brake System - Exploded View
        • Rear Brake Caliper
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Brake Pads
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Disc Brake
          • Material
          • Removal
        • Rear Brake Caliper Anchor Plate
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Brake Flexible Hose
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
  • Parking Brake System - Parking Brake & Actuation
    • Specifications
      • Material Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Parking Brake
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Parking Brake
        • Principles of Operation
          • Parking Brake System
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Parking Brake Does Not Apply
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Parking Brake Does Not Apply
          • Pinpoint Test B: The Parking Brake Will Not Release and/or Parking Brake Shoe Drag
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Parking Brake Will Not Release And/Or Parking Brake Shoe Drag
    • General Procedures
      • Parking Brake Cable Adjustment
      • Parking Brake Shoe Adjustment
    • Removal And Installation
      • Parking Brake Control
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
      • Parking Brake Cable - Front
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
      • Parking Brake Cable - Rear
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
      • Parking Brake Shoes
        • Material
        • Removal and Installation
  • Traction Control
    • Anti-Lock Brake System - Vehicle Dynamic Systems
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Lock Control
          • ABS with Engine Only Traction Control (EOTC)
            • Notes
            • Anti-Lock Control
            • Engine Only Traction Control (EOTC) System
            • Stability/Traction Control Switch
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Lock Control
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Anti-Lock Control
            • Electronic Brake Distribution (EBD)
            • Engine Only Traction Control (EOTC) System
              • Notes
              • Stability/Traction Control Switch
              • Stability/Traction Control Indicator "Sliding-Car Icon"
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTC C1300
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: DTC C1300
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTCs C1145, C1155, C1165 and C1175
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • PINPOINT TEST B: DTCs C1145, C1155, C1165 AND C1175
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTCs C1222, C1296, C1297, C1298 and C1299
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • PINPOINT TEST C: DTCs C1222, C1296, C1297, C1298 AND C1299
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1484
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1484
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1676
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1676
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC C1266
              • Notes
              • Pinpoint Test F: DTC C1266
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTCs B2900 and C1805
              • Normal Operation
              • PINPOINT TEST G: DTCs B2900 AND C1805
            • Pinpoint Test H: Poor Vehicle Tracking During Anti-Lock Function
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test H: Poor Vehicle Tracking During Anti-Lock Function
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Engine Only Traction Control (EOTC) System Cannot be Disabled
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test I: The Engine Only Traction Control (EOTC) System Cannot Be Disabled
            • Pinpoint Test J: The LED on the Stability/Traction Control Switch is Always Illuminated
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test J: The Led On The Stability/Traction Control Switch Is Always Illuminated
            • Pinpoint Test K: The LED on the Stability/Traction Control Switch Is Never Illuminated
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test K: The Led On The Stability/Traction Control Switch Is Never Illuminated
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Engine Only Traction Control (EOTC) System is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test L: The Engine Only Traction Control (EOTC) System Is Inoperative
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Module
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Wheel Speed Sensor - Front
          • Removal and Installation
        • Wheel Speed Sensor - Rear
          • Removal and Installation
        • Stability/Traction Control Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
    • Brake System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specification
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Brake System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Principles of Operation
          • Brake System
          • Brake Master Cylinder Compensator Ports
          • Red Brake Warning Indicator
        • Inspection And Verification
          • Material
        • Symptom Chart
          • Symptom Chart - Brake System
          • Symptom Chart - NVH
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: Vibration When the Brakes are Applied
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test A: Vibration When The Brakes Are Applied
        • Component Tests
          • Brake Booster
          • Brake Master Cylinder - Bypass Condition
          • Brake Master Cylinder - Compensator Port
      • General Procedures
        • Brake System Inspection
          • Material
          • Brake Pads
          • Brake Discs
          • Brake Calipers
          • Brake Caliper Guide Pins
          • Brake Flexible Hoses and Tubes
          • Brake Master Cylinder
          • Brake Booster
        • Brake Disc Machining
        • Component Bleeding
          • Material
          • Master Cylinder
          • Brake Caliper
        • Brake System Bleeding
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Pressure Bleeding
          • Manual Bleeding
          • Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
• Drivelines & Axles
  • Differentials & Drive Axles
    • Rear Drive Axle/Differential - 8.8 Inch Ring Gear
      • Specifications
        • Material Specification
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Rear Drive Axle and Differential
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Rear Drive Axle and Differential
      • General Procedures
        • Ring Gear Backlash Adjustment
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
      • In-Vehicle Repair
        • Axle Shaft
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Wheel Bearing and Axle Shaft Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Drive Pinion Flange and Drive Pinion Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Housing Cover
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Ring And Pinion
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Bearings
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Axle Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Carrier
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Differential Case and Ring Gear - Conventional
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Assembly
        • Differential Case and Ring Gear - Traction-Lok®
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Assembly
  • Driveshaft & Universal Joints
    • Driveline System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Driveline System
          • Notes
          • Axle Identification
            • Notes
            • Vehicle Certification (VC) Label Example
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Driveline System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Principals of Operation
            • Driveline System - General Information
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Driveline System
          • Symptom Chart - NVH
            • Notes
            • Analysis of Leakage
              • Notes
              • Axle Vent
              • Drive Pinion Seal
              • Drive Pinion Nut
              • Differential Seals
          • Component Tests
            • Axle Vent
            • Traction-Lok® Differential Operation Check
            • Traction-Lok® Differential Check Road Test
            • Pinion Flange Runout Check - Circular
      • General Procedures
        • Driveline Angle Measurement
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Driveshaft Runout and Balancing
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Driveshaft Inspection
          • Driveshaft Runout
          • Driveshaft Balancing - Using the MTS 4000
          • Driveshaft Balancing - Hose Clamp Method
    • Driveshaft
      • Specifications
        • Material Specification
        • Torque Specification
      • Description And Operation
        • Driveshaft
        • Universal Joints
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Driveshaft
      • Removal And Installation
        • Driveshaft
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Driveshaft Universal Joint
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Universal Joint
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
• Electrical
  • Body Electrical
    • Fuse & Relay Location
      • Introduction
        • Notes
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB)
        • Emergency Flasher Relay Block
        • Fusible Links A & B
        • Inline Fuse
        • Police Auxiliary Junction Box (Rear)
        • Police GLOVEBOX Relay/Fuse Center
        • Police Light Bar Relay/Fuse Center
        • Police Trunk Relay/Fuse Center
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector Views
        • A/C Compressor Clutch Field Coil Connector - C100
        • Generator Connectors
          • Generator Connector End View - C102A
          • Generator Connector End View - C102B
        • Oil Pressure Switch Connector - C103
        • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor Connector - C107
        • Knock Sensor Connector - C109
        • Inline Connectors
          • Inline Connector End View - C110
          • Inline Connector End View - C133
          • Inline Connector End View - C134
          • Inline Connector End View - C139
          • Inline Connector End View - C140
          • Inline Connector End View - C146
          • Inline Connector End View - C173
          • Inline Connector End View - C174
          • Inline Connector End View - C192
          • Inline Connector End View - C211
          • Inline Connector End View - C213
          • Inline Connector End View - C214
          • Inline Connector End View - C237
          • Inline Connector End View - C248
          • Inline Connector End View - C260
          • Inline Connector End View - C263
          • Inline Connector End View - C268
          • Inline Connector End View - C275
          • Inline Connector End View - C298
          • Inline Connector End View - C299
          • Inline Connector End View - C311
          • Inline Connector End View - C312
          • Inline Connector End View - C313
          • Inline Connector End View -C315
          • Inline Connector End View - C316
          • Inline Connector End View - C339
          • Inline Connector End View - C340
          • Inline Connector End View - C405
          • Inline Connector End View - C406
          • Inline Connector End View - C408
          • Inline Connector End View - C410
          • Inline Connector End View - C411
          • Inline Connector End View - C422
          • Inline Connector End View - C423
          • Inline Connector End View - C431
          • Inline Connector End View - C432
          • Inline Connector End View - C465
          • Inline Connector End View - C494
          • Inline Connector End View - C495
          • Inline Connector End View - C510
          • Inline Connector End View - C610
          • Inline Connector End View - C700
          • Inline Connector End View - C800
          • Inline Connector End View -C913
          • Inline Connector End View - C919
          • Inline Connector End View - C1010
          • Inline Connector End View - C1019
          • Inline Connector End View - C1352
          • Inline Connector End View - C1386
          • Inline Connector End View - C1393
        • Coil On Plug Connectors
          • Coil On Plug 1 Connector End View - C111
          • Coil On Plug 2 Connector End View - C112
          • Coil On Plug 3 Connector End View - C113
          • Coil On Plug 4 Connector End View - C114
          • Coil On Plug 5 Connector End View - C115
          • Coil On Plug 6 Connector End View - C116
          • Coil On Plug 7 Connector End View - C117
          • Coil On Plug 8 Connector End View - C118
        • Brake Fluid Level Switch Connector - C124
        • Windshield Wiper Motor Connector - C125
        • Mass Air Flow Sensor / Intake Air Temperature Sensor Connector - C128
        • Horn Connector - C131
        • Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Connector - C132
        • Anti-Lock Brake System Module Connector - C135
        • Windshield Washer Pump Motor Connector - C137
        • Washer Fluid Level Switch Connector - C138
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 22 Connector - C141
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 12 Connector - C142
        • Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor Connector - C143
        • Front Flasher Connector - C144
        • Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C150
        • Left Front Cornering Lamp Connector - C151
        • Left Front Fog Lamp Connector - C152
        • Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C160
        • Right Front Cornering Lamp Connector - C161
        • Right Front Fog Lamp Connector - C162
        • Digital Transmission Range Sensor Connector - C167
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 11 Connector - C171
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 21 Connector - C172
        • Powertrain Control Module Connectors
          • Powertrain Control Module Connector End View - C175B
          • Powertrain Control Module Connector End View - C175E
          • Powertrain Control Module Connector End View - C175T
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector - C180
        • Fuel Injector Connectors
          • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View - C181
          • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View - C182
          • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View - C183
          • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View - C184
          • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View - C185
          • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View - C186
          • Fuel Injector 7 Connector End View - C187
          • Fuel Injector 8 Connector End View - C188
        • Starter Motor Connectors
          • Starter Motor Connector End View - C197A
          • Starter Motor Connector End View - C197B
        • Multifunction Switch Connectors
          • Multifunction Switch Connector End View - C202A
          • Multifunction Switch Connector End View - C202B
          • Multifunction Switch Connector End View - C202C
        • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connectors
          • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connector End View - C203
          • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connector End View - C2330A
          • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connector End View - C2330B
        • Main Light Switch Connectors
          • Main Light Switch Connector End View - C205A
          • Main Light Switch Connector End View - C205B
        • Horn Switch Connectors
          • Horn Switch Connector End View - C217A
          • Horn Switch Connector End View - C217B
        • Clockspring Connectors
          • Clockspring Connector End View - C218A
          • Clockspring Connector End View - C218B
        • EATC HVAC Module Connector
          • EATC HVAC Module Connector End View - C228A
          • EATC HVAC Module Connector End View - C228B
        • In-Vehicle Temperature Sensor Connector - C233
        • Audio Unit Connectors
          • Audio Unit Connector End View - C240
          • Audio Unit Connector End View - C290A
          • Audio Unit Connector End View - C290C
        • Rear Window Defrost Switch Connectors - C241
        • Ignition Switch Connector - C250
        • Data Link Connector - C251
        • Message Center Switch Connector - C253
        • Glove Box Lamp Connector - C254
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connectors - C256
        • Speed Control Deactivator Switch Connector - C277
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector - C278
        • Transmission Control Switch Connector - C279
        • Traction Control Switch Connector - C280
        • Autolamp Sensor Connector - C287
        • Temperature Blend Door Actuator Connector - C289
        • Climate Control Assembly Connectors
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294A
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294B
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294C
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294D
        • Passenger Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector - C303
        • Right Side Impact Sensor Connector - C304
        • Left Side Impact Sensor Connector - C305
        • Restraints Control Module Connectors
          • Restraints Control Module Connector End View - C310A
          • Restraints Control Module Connector End View - C310B
        • Passenger Side Front Heated Seat Module Connector - C329
        • Passenger Side Lumbar Adjust Switch Connector - C331
        • Right Front Seat Cushion Heater Connector - C334
        • Right Front Seat Back Heater Connector - C335
        • Passenger Seat Lumbar Compressor Motor Connector - C336
        • Right Side Air Bag Module Connector - C337
        • Passenger Seat Recliner Motor Connector - C338
        • Left Power Seat Motor Assembly Connector - C353
        • Driver Side Seat Position Sensor Connector - C356
        • Driver Side Front Heated Seat Module Connector - C359
        • Driver Side Lumbar Adjust Switch Connector - C361
        • Left Front Seat Cushion Heater Connector - C364
        • Left Front Seat Back Heater Connector - C365
        • Driver Seat Lumbar Compressor Motor Connector - C366
        • Left Side Air Bag Module Connector - C367
        • Driver Seat Recliner Motor Connector - C368
        • Antenna Module Connector
          • Antenna Module Connector End View - C402A
          • Antenna Module Connector End View - C402B
        • Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C426
        • Luggage Compartment Lamp Connector - C428
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Solenoid Connector - C430
        • Fuel Level Sender Connector
          • Fuel Level Sender Connector End View - C434A
          • Fuel Level Sender Connector End View - C434B
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor Connector - C435
        • Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C440
        • Evaporative Emissions Canister Vent Control Solenoid Connector - C450
        • Left Reversing Lamp Connector - C451
        • Right Reversing Lamp Connector - C461
        • Fuel Pump Motor Connector - C463
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector
          • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View - C466A
          • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View - C466B
        • High Mounted Stoplamp Connector - C475
        • Left Rear Speaker Connector - C484
        • Right Rear Speaker Connector - C485
        • License Lamps Connector - C490
        • Driver Door Module Connectors
          • Driver Door Module Connector End View - C501A
          • Driver Door Module Connector End View - C501B
          • Driver Door Module Connector End View - C501C
        • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector
          • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View - C504A
          • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View - C504B
        • Driver Side Door Lock Switch Connector - C505
        • Left Exterior Rear View Mirror Connector - C516
        • Driver Side Front Seat Adjust Switch Connector - C519
        • Left Front Speaker Connector - C523
        • Driver Side Front Power Window Motor Connector - C524
        • Left Front Door Lock Actuator Connector - C525
        • Driver Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Driver Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C526A
          • Driver Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C526B
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector - C527
        • Keyless Entry Keypad Connector - C530
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Switch 1 Connector - C534
        • Driver Side Seat Heater Switch Connector - C538
        • Passenger Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Passenger Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C602A
          • Passenger Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C602B
        • Passenger Side Door Lock Actuator Connector - C603
        • Passenger Side Door Lock Switch Connector - C605
        • Passenger Side Front Power Window Motor Connector - C608
        • Right Front Speaker Connector - C612
        • Right Exterior Rear View Mirror Connector - C622
        • Right Side Front Power Window Switch Connector - C624
        • Passenger Side Front Seat Adjust Switch Connector - C627
        • Passenger Side Seat Heater Switch Connector - C630
        • Left Rear Window Adjust Switch Connector - C701
        • Left Rear Power Window Motor Connector - C703
        • Left Rear Door Lock Actuator Connector - C704
        • Driver Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Driver Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C715A
          • Driver Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C715B
        • Right Rear Window Adjust Switch Connector - C801
        • Right Rear Power Window Motor Connector - C803
        • Right Rear Door Lock Actuator Connector - C804
        • Passenger Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Passenger Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C820A
          • Passenger Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C820B
        • Right Vanity Mirror Lamp Connector - C906
        • Left Vanity Mirror Lamp Connector - C907
        • Electrochromatic Inside Mirror Unit Connector - C911
        • Rear Interior Lamp/ Map Lamp Assembly Connector - C932
        • Map Reading Lamps Connector - C978
        • Taxi Roof Lamp Connector - C994
        • Left Headlamp Connector
          • Left Headlamp Connector End View - C1021
          • Left Headlamp Connector End View - C1284
        • Left Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector
          • Left Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1023
          • Left Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1115
        • Battery Junction Box Connector - C1035
        • Right Headlamp Connector
          • Right Headlamp Connector End View - C1041
          • Right Headlamp Connector End View - C1285
        • Right Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector
          • Right Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1043
          • Right Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1116
        • Engine Cooling Fan Module Connector - C1048
        • EGR System Module Connector - C1068
        • Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor / Fuel Rail Temperature Sensor Connector - C1073
        • A/C Compressor Cycling Switch Connector - C1081
        • Battery Connectors
          • Battery Connector End View - C1100A
          • Battery Connector End View - C1100B
        • Output Shaft Speed Sensor Connector - C1107
        • Left Front Parking Lamp Connector - C1113
        • Right Front Parking Lamp Connector - C1114
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector - C1120
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch Connector - C1121
        • Air Suspension Compressor Assembly Connector - C1179
        • Evaporative Emissions Canister Purge Valve Connector - C1195
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor Connector - C1196
        • Blower Motor Connector - C1227
        • A/C Pressure Transducer Connector - C1260
        • 4R70E Automatic Transmission Vehicle Harness Connector - C1274
        • Blower Motor Speed Control Connector - C1308
        • Blower Motor Resistor Connector - C1349
        • Wig-Wag Module Connector - C1365
        • Electronic Throttle Control Motor Connector - C1368
        • Throttle Position Sensor Connector - C1449
        • Left Front Impact Severity Sensor Connector - C1465
        • Right Front Impact Severity Sensor Connector - C1466
        • Heated Positive Crankcase Ventilation Connector - C1470
        • Siren Speaker Connector - C1471
        • Left Front Strobe Assembly Connector - C1478
        • Right Front Strobe Assembly Connector - C1479
        • Left Grille Strobe Assembly Connector - C1480
        • Right Grille Strobe Assembly Connector - C1481
        • Adjustable Pedal Motor Connector - C2003
        • Passive Anti-Theft System Transceiver Connector - C2007
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector - C2008
        • Park Brake Switch Connector - C2015
        • Front Cigar Lighter Connector - C2031
        • Power Point Connectors - C2033
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Connector - C2040
        • Left Footwell Courtesy Lamp Connector - C2056
        • Right Footwell Courtesy Lamp Connector - C2057
        • Adjustable Pedal Switch Connector - C2089
        • Vehicle Dynamics Module Connector
          • Vehicle Dynamics Module Connector End View - C2131A
          • Vehicle Dynamics Module Connector End View - C2131B
        • Lighting Control Module Connectors
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145A
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145B
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145C
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145D
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Switch 2 Connector - C2203
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Switch 3 Connector - C2204
        • Left Side Spot Lamp Connector - C2205
        • Right Side Spot Lamp Connector - C2206
        • Audio Control Switch / Climate Control Switch Connector - C2208
        • Taxi Roof Lamp Switch Connector - C2213
        • Instrument Cluster Connectors - C2220
        • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation Indicator Connector - C2286
        • Driver Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector - C3014
        • Right Power Seat Motor Assembly Connector - C3015
        • Occupant Classification Sensor Connector - C3042
        • Occupant Classification System Module Connector - C3043
        • Driver Side Safety Belt Sensor Connector - C3065
        • Passenger Side Safety Belt Sensor Connector - C3066
        • Antenna Connector - C3183
        • Strobe/Light Bar Control Switch Connector - C3257A
        • Strobe/Light Bar Control Switches Connector - C3257B
        • Fire Suppression Module Connector - C3281A
        • Fire Suppression System Module Connectors - C3281B
        • Fuel Pump Driver Module Connector - C4033
        • Air Suspension Height Sensor Connector - C4043
        • Left Rear Air Spring Solenoid Valve Connector - C4044
        • Right Rear Air Spring Solenoid Valve Connector - C4045
        • Air Suspension Disable Switch Connector - C4087
        • Left Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 1 Connector - C4112
        • Left Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 2 Connector - C4113
        • Right Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 1 Connector - C4114
        • Right Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 2 Connector - C4115
        • Left Rear Police Flasher Lamp Connector - C4163
        • Right Rear Police Flasher Lamp Connector - C4164
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Connector - C4168
        • Rear Police Auxiliary Junction Box Connector
          • Rear Police Auxiliary Junction Box Connector End View - C4170A
          • Rear Police Auxiliary Junction Box Connector End View - C4170B
        • Strobe Control Module Connectors
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View -C4231A
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231B
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231C
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231D
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231E
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231F
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231G
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231J
        • Smart Siren Amplifier Connector - C4232
        • Trunk Air Circulation Fan Motor Connector - C4233
        • Rear Deck Led Flasher Connector - C4234
        • Left Rear Strobe Assembly Connector - C4235
        • Right Rear Strobe Assembly Connector - C4236
        • Right Rear Police Tray Lamp Connector - C4298
        • Left Rear Police Tray Lamp Connector - C4299
        • Right Fire Suppressor Connector - C4316
        • Left Fire Suppressor Connector - C4317
        • Trunk Perimeter Disarm Switch Connector - C4330
        • Fire Suppression Manual Switch Connector - C9034
  • Charging Systems
    • Charging System
      • Specifications
        • General Specification Chart
        • Torque Specification Chart
      • Description And Operation
        • Charging System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Principles of Operation
        • Inspection And Verification
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Chart
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Test
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Pinpoint Test A: System Voltage High
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test A: System Voltage High
          • Pinpoint Test B: System Voltage Low
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test B: System Voltage Low
          • Pinpoint Test C: DTC P0620
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC P0620
          • Pinpoint Test D: DTCs P0625 and P0626
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • PINPOINT TEST D: DTCs P0625 AND P0626
          • Pinpoint Test E: DTC P065B
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC P065B - Generator Control Circuit Range/Performance
          • Pinpoint Test F: The Generator is Noisy
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Generator Is Noisy
          • Pinpoint Test G: Radio Interference
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test G: Radio Interference
      • Removal And Installation
        • Generator
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
    • Charging System (Battery, Mounting And Cables)
      • Specifications
        • General Specification Chart
        • Torque Specification Chart
      • Description And Operation
        • Battery and Cables
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Principles of Operation
          • Battery Eye Operation
          • Charging a Battery
        • Inspection And Verification
        • Pinpoint Test
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Pinpoint Test A: Battery Condition Test
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test A: Battery Condition Test
        • Component Test
          • Battery - Drain Tests
      • General Procedures
        • Battery Disconnect
      • Removal And Installation
        • Battery and Battery Tray - Exploded View
        • Battery
          • Removal and Installation
        • Battery Tray
          • Removal and Installation
        • Battery Cables
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
  • Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Imported Cars & Trucks
        • ACURA
        • AUDI
        • BENTLEY
        • BMW
        • DAIHATSU
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • FERRARI
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • HONDA
        • HYUNDAI
        • INFINITI
        • ISUZU
        • Jaguar
        • KIA
        • Land Rover
        • LEXUS
        • MAZDA
        • MERCEDES-BENZ
        • MITSUBISHI
        • NISSAN
        • PEUGEOT
        • PORSCHE
        • RENAULT
        • Rolls-ROYCE
        • SAAB
        • SUBARU
        • SUZUKI
        • TOYOTA
        • VOLKSWAGEN
        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
      • Grounds
      • Splices
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fuses & Circuit Breakers
    • Fuse & Relay Location
      • Introduction
        • Notes
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB)
        • Emergency Flasher Relay Block
        • Fusible Links A & B
        • Inline Fuse
        • Police Auxiliary Junction Box (Rear)
        • Police GLOVEBOX Relay/Fuse Center
        • Police Light Bar Relay/Fuse Center
        • Police Trunk Relay/Fuse Center
  • Gauges
    • Information Center - Instrumentation, Message Center And Warning Chimes
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster (IC)
        • Information And Message Center
          • Notes
          • Oil Life and Oil Life Start Value
          • Information Displays
          • Setup Displays
          • System Check Displays
          • System Warnings
        • Warning Chimes
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrumentation, Message Center and Warning Chimes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Instrument Cluster (IC)
              • IC Messages
              • IC Prove-Out
            • Information And Message Center
            • Warning Chimes
              • Notes
              • Safety Belt Warning Chime
              • Belt-Minder®
              • Key-In-Ignition Warning Chime
              • Headlamps On Warning Chime
              • Turn Signal On Warning Chime
              • Door Ajar Warning Chime
              • Air Bag Warning Chime
              • Message Center Warning Chime
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Instrument Cluster (IC) Self-Diagnostic Mode
          • DTC Charts
            • Instrument Cluster (IC) DTC Chart
            • Fire Suppression System Module (FSSM) DTC Chart
            • Lighting Control Module (LCM) DTC Chart
            • PCM DTC Chart
            • Restraints Control Module (RCM) DTC Chart
          • Symptom Charts
            • Symptom Chart - Instrument Cluster (IC)
            • Symptom Chart - Information And Message Center
            • Symptom Chart - Warning Chimes
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Instrument Cluster (IC) Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Ic Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Temperature Gauge Is Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: The Temperature Gauge Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Tachometer Is Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: The Tachometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Speedometer Is Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: The Speedometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Low Fuel Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: The Low Fuel Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)/Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test G: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Check Fuel Cap Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test H: The Check Fuel Cap Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test I: The BRAKE Warning Indicator Is Never On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test I: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test J: The BRAKE Warning Indicator Is Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test J: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Always On
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Charging System Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test K: The Charging System Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Fire Suppression System Indicator Is Never On (Police Vehicles Only)
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test L: The Fire Suppression System Indicator Is Never On (Police Vehicles Only)
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Fire Suppression System Indicator Is Always On (Police Vehicles Only)
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test M: The Fire Suppression System Indicator Is Always On (Police Vehicles Only)
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Air Suspension Indicator Is Never/Always On (If Equipped)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test N: The Air Suspension Indicator Is Never/Always On (If Equipped)
            • Pinpoint Test O: The High Beam Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test O: The High Beam Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test P: The LH/RH Turn Indicator Is Never On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test P: The LH/RH Turn Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The ABS Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Q: The Abs Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Traction Control Indicator Is Never/Always On (If Equipped)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test R: The Traction Control Indicator Is Never/Always On (If Equipped)
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Low Oil Pressure Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test S: The Low Oil Pressure Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test T: The Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test T: The Mil Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test U: The Air Bag Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test U: The Air Bag Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test V: The Cruise Control Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test V: The Cruise Control Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test W: The Powertrain Malfunction (Wrench) Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test W: The Powertrain Malfunction (Wrench) Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test X: The Door/Trunk Ajar Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)/Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test X: The Door/Trunk Ajar Warning Indicator Is Inoperative (Chime Is Operative)/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test Y: The Overdrive (O/D) Off Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Y: The O/D Off Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test Z: The Engine Over-Temperature Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Z: The Engine Over-Temperature Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test AA: The Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Aa: The TPMS Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test AB: The Engine Idle Hour Meter Is Inoperative (If Equipped)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ab: The Engine Idle Hour Meter Is Inoperative (If Equipped)
            • Pinpoint Test AC: Incorrect Speedometer Indication
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ac: Incorrect Speedometer Indication
            • Pinpoint Test AD: The Message Center Is Not Operating Correctly
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ad: The Message Center Is Not Operating Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test AE: The LOW WASHER FLUID LEVEL Message Is Inoperative/Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AE: The Low Washer Fluid Level Message Is Inoperative/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test AF: The DOOR AJAR Warning Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AF: The Door Ajar Warning Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test AG: The TRUNK AJAR Message Is Inoperative/Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ag: The Trunk Ajar Message Is Inoperative/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test AH: The Headlamps On Warning Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ah: The Headlamps On Warning Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test AI: The Air Bag/Safety Belt Warning Chime Is Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ai: The Air Bag/Safety Belt Warning Chime Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test AJ: The Key-In-Ignition Warning Chime Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AJ: The Key-In-Ignition Warning Chime Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test AK: The Door Ajar Warning Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AK: The Door Ajar Warning Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test AL: The Chime Sounds When The Driver Door Is Ajar (No Key In Ignition And Headlamps Off)
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Al: The Chime Sounds When The Driver Door Is Ajar (No Key In Ignition And Headlamps Off)
            • Pinpoint Test AM: The Turn Signal On Warning Chime Is Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Am: The Turn Signal On Warning Chime Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test AN: DTC B1317
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test An: DTC B1317
            • Pinpoint Test AO: DTC B1318
              • Notes
              • Pinpoint Test AO: DTC B1318
            • Pinpoint Test AP: The Odometer Is Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AP: The Odometer Is Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Message Center Configuration
          • Oil Life Reset
          • Oil Life Start Value
        • Belt-Minder® Deactivating/Activating
          • Preparation
          • Deactivating/Activating
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Cluster (IC)
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Instrument Cluster (IC) Lens
          • Removal and Installation
        • Message Center Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
    • Instrument Cluster Illumination And Panel Illumination
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Dimmable Backlighting
            • Fixed Level Backlighting
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Dimmable Illumination Does Not Dim
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The DIMMABLE Illumination Does Not Dim
            • Pinpoint Test B: All Dimmable Switch Illumination Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: All DIMMABLE Switch Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Instrument Cluster (IC) Illumination Is Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: The Ic Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The HVAC Module/Climate Control Assembly Illumination Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: The HVAC Module/Climate Control Assembly Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Audio Unit Illumination Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: The Audio Unit Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Steering Wheel Switch(es) Illumination Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: The Steering Wheel Switch(Es) Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: One Or More Switch Illumination Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test G: One Or More Switch Illumination Is Inoperative
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Panel Dimmer Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
    • Instrument Panel And Console
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specification
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Panel - Exploded View
        • Instrument Panel
          • Removal and Installation
        • Instrument Cluster Finish Panel
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Console - Overhead
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
  • Horns
    • Horn System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specification Chart
      • Description And Operation
        • Horn
          • Notes
          • Horn Location
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Horn
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Horn Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Horn Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Horn Is Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: The Horn Is Always On
  • Motors, Switches, Relays
    • Fuse & Relay Location
      • Introduction
        • Notes
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB)
        • Central Junction Box (CJB)
        • Emergency Flasher Relay Block
        • Fusible Links A & B
        • Inline Fuse
        • Police Auxiliary Junction Box (Rear)
        • Police GLOVEBOX Relay/Fuse Center
        • Police Light Bar Relay/Fuse Center
        • Police Trunk Relay/Fuse Center
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector Views
        • A/C Compressor Clutch Field Coil Connector - C100
        • Generator Connectors
          • Generator Connector End View - C102A
          • Generator Connector End View - C102B
        • Oil Pressure Switch Connector - C103
        • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor Connector - C107
        • Knock Sensor Connector - C109
        • Inline Connectors
          • Inline Connector End View - C110
          • Inline Connector End View - C133
          • Inline Connector End View - C134
          • Inline Connector End View - C139
          • Inline Connector End View - C140
          • Inline Connector End View - C146
          • Inline Connector End View - C173
          • Inline Connector End View - C174
          • Inline Connector End View - C192
          • Inline Connector End View - C211
          • Inline Connector End View - C213
          • Inline Connector End View - C214
          • Inline Connector End View - C237
          • Inline Connector End View - C248
          • Inline Connector End View - C260
          • Inline Connector End View - C263
          • Inline Connector End View - C268
          • Inline Connector End View - C275
          • Inline Connector End View - C298
          • Inline Connector End View - C299
          • Inline Connector End View - C311
          • Inline Connector End View - C312
          • Inline Connector End View - C313
          • Inline Connector End View -C315
          • Inline Connector End View - C316
          • Inline Connector End View - C339
          • Inline Connector End View - C340
          • Inline Connector End View - C405
          • Inline Connector End View - C406
          • Inline Connector End View - C408
          • Inline Connector End View - C410
          • Inline Connector End View - C411
          • Inline Connector End View - C422
          • Inline Connector End View - C423
          • Inline Connector End View - C431
          • Inline Connector End View - C432
          • Inline Connector End View - C465
          • Inline Connector End View - C494
          • Inline Connector End View - C495
          • Inline Connector End View - C510
          • Inline Connector End View - C610
          • Inline Connector End View - C700
          • Inline Connector End View - C800
          • Inline Connector End View -C913
          • Inline Connector End View - C919
          • Inline Connector End View - C1010
          • Inline Connector End View - C1019
          • Inline Connector End View - C1352
          • Inline Connector End View - C1386
          • Inline Connector End View - C1393
        • Coil On Plug Connectors
          • Coil On Plug 1 Connector End View - C111
          • Coil On Plug 2 Connector End View - C112
          • Coil On Plug 3 Connector End View - C113
          • Coil On Plug 4 Connector End View - C114
          • Coil On Plug 5 Connector End View - C115
          • Coil On Plug 6 Connector End View - C116
          • Coil On Plug 7 Connector End View - C117
          • Coil On Plug 8 Connector End View - C118
        • Brake Fluid Level Switch Connector - C124
        • Windshield Wiper Motor Connector - C125
        • Mass Air Flow Sensor / Intake Air Temperature Sensor Connector - C128
        • Horn Connector - C131
        • Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Connector - C132
        • Anti-Lock Brake System Module Connector - C135
        • Windshield Washer Pump Motor Connector - C137
        • Washer Fluid Level Switch Connector - C138
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 22 Connector - C141
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 12 Connector - C142
        • Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor Connector - C143
        • Front Flasher Connector - C144
        • Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C150
        • Left Front Cornering Lamp Connector - C151
        • Left Front Fog Lamp Connector - C152
        • Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C160
        • Right Front Cornering Lamp Connector - C161
        • Right Front Fog Lamp Connector - C162
        • Digital Transmission Range Sensor Connector - C167
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 11 Connector - C171
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 21 Connector - C172
        • Powertrain Control Module Connectors
          • Powertrain Control Module Connector End View - C175B
          • Powertrain Control Module Connector End View - C175E
          • Powertrain Control Module Connector End View - C175T
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector - C180
        • Fuel Injector Connectors
          • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View - C181
          • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View - C182
          • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View - C183
          • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View - C184
          • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View - C185
          • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View - C186
          • Fuel Injector 7 Connector End View - C187
          • Fuel Injector 8 Connector End View - C188
        • Starter Motor Connectors
          • Starter Motor Connector End View - C197A
          • Starter Motor Connector End View - C197B
        • Multifunction Switch Connectors
          • Multifunction Switch Connector End View - C202A
          • Multifunction Switch Connector End View - C202B
          • Multifunction Switch Connector End View - C202C
        • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connectors
          • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connector End View - C203
          • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connector End View - C2330A
          • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connector End View - C2330B
        • Main Light Switch Connectors
          • Main Light Switch Connector End View - C205A
          • Main Light Switch Connector End View - C205B
        • Horn Switch Connectors
          • Horn Switch Connector End View - C217A
          • Horn Switch Connector End View - C217B
        • Clockspring Connectors
          • Clockspring Connector End View - C218A
          • Clockspring Connector End View - C218B
        • EATC HVAC Module Connector
          • EATC HVAC Module Connector End View - C228A
          • EATC HVAC Module Connector End View - C228B
        • In-Vehicle Temperature Sensor Connector - C233
        • Audio Unit Connectors
          • Audio Unit Connector End View - C240
          • Audio Unit Connector End View - C290A
          • Audio Unit Connector End View - C290C
        • Rear Window Defrost Switch Connectors - C241
        • Ignition Switch Connector - C250
        • Data Link Connector - C251
        • Message Center Switch Connector - C253
        • Glove Box Lamp Connector - C254
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connectors - C256
        • Speed Control Deactivator Switch Connector - C277
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector - C278
        • Transmission Control Switch Connector - C279
        • Traction Control Switch Connector - C280
        • Autolamp Sensor Connector - C287
        • Temperature Blend Door Actuator Connector - C289
        • Climate Control Assembly Connectors
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294A
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294B
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294C
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294D
        • Passenger Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector - C303
        • Right Side Impact Sensor Connector - C304
        • Left Side Impact Sensor Connector - C305
        • Restraints Control Module Connectors
          • Restraints Control Module Connector End View - C310A
          • Restraints Control Module Connector End View - C310B
        • Passenger Side Front Heated Seat Module Connector - C329
        • Passenger Side Lumbar Adjust Switch Connector - C331
        • Right Front Seat Cushion Heater Connector - C334
        • Right Front Seat Back Heater Connector - C335
        • Passenger Seat Lumbar Compressor Motor Connector - C336
        • Right Side Air Bag Module Connector - C337
        • Passenger Seat Recliner Motor Connector - C338
        • Left Power Seat Motor Assembly Connector - C353
        • Driver Side Seat Position Sensor Connector - C356
        • Driver Side Front Heated Seat Module Connector - C359
        • Driver Side Lumbar Adjust Switch Connector - C361
        • Left Front Seat Cushion Heater Connector - C364
        • Left Front Seat Back Heater Connector - C365
        • Driver Seat Lumbar Compressor Motor Connector - C366
        • Left Side Air Bag Module Connector - C367
        • Driver Seat Recliner Motor Connector - C368
        • Antenna Module Connector
          • Antenna Module Connector End View - C402A
          • Antenna Module Connector End View - C402B
        • Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C426
        • Luggage Compartment Lamp Connector - C428
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Solenoid Connector - C430
        • Fuel Level Sender Connector
          • Fuel Level Sender Connector End View - C434A
          • Fuel Level Sender Connector End View - C434B
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor Connector - C435
        • Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C440
        • Evaporative Emissions Canister Vent Control Solenoid Connector - C450
        • Left Reversing Lamp Connector - C451
        • Right Reversing Lamp Connector - C461
        • Fuel Pump Motor Connector - C463
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector
          • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View - C466A
          • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View - C466B
        • High Mounted Stoplamp Connector - C475
        • Left Rear Speaker Connector - C484
        • Right Rear Speaker Connector - C485
        • License Lamps Connector - C490
        • Driver Door Module Connectors
          • Driver Door Module Connector End View - C501A
          • Driver Door Module Connector End View - C501B
          • Driver Door Module Connector End View - C501C
        • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector
          • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View - C504A
          • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View - C504B
        • Driver Side Door Lock Switch Connector - C505
        • Left Exterior Rear View Mirror Connector - C516
        • Driver Side Front Seat Adjust Switch Connector - C519
        • Left Front Speaker Connector - C523
        • Driver Side Front Power Window Motor Connector - C524
        • Left Front Door Lock Actuator Connector - C525
        • Driver Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Driver Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C526A
          • Driver Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C526B
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector - C527
        • Keyless Entry Keypad Connector - C530
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Switch 1 Connector - C534
        • Driver Side Seat Heater Switch Connector - C538
        • Passenger Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Passenger Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C602A
          • Passenger Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C602B
        • Passenger Side Door Lock Actuator Connector - C603
        • Passenger Side Door Lock Switch Connector - C605
        • Passenger Side Front Power Window Motor Connector - C608
        • Right Front Speaker Connector - C612
        • Right Exterior Rear View Mirror Connector - C622
        • Right Side Front Power Window Switch Connector - C624
        • Passenger Side Front Seat Adjust Switch Connector - C627
        • Passenger Side Seat Heater Switch Connector - C630
        • Left Rear Window Adjust Switch Connector - C701
        • Left Rear Power Window Motor Connector - C703
        • Left Rear Door Lock Actuator Connector - C704
        • Driver Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Driver Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C715A
          • Driver Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C715B
        • Right Rear Window Adjust Switch Connector - C801
        • Right Rear Power Window Motor Connector - C803
        • Right Rear Door Lock Actuator Connector - C804
        • Passenger Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Passenger Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C820A
          • Passenger Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C820B
        • Right Vanity Mirror Lamp Connector - C906
        • Left Vanity Mirror Lamp Connector - C907
        • Electrochromatic Inside Mirror Unit Connector - C911
        • Rear Interior Lamp/ Map Lamp Assembly Connector - C932
        • Map Reading Lamps Connector - C978
        • Taxi Roof Lamp Connector - C994
        • Left Headlamp Connector
          • Left Headlamp Connector End View - C1021
          • Left Headlamp Connector End View - C1284
        • Left Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector
          • Left Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1023
          • Left Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1115
        • Battery Junction Box Connector - C1035
        • Right Headlamp Connector
          • Right Headlamp Connector End View - C1041
          • Right Headlamp Connector End View - C1285
        • Right Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector
          • Right Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1043
          • Right Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1116
        • Engine Cooling Fan Module Connector - C1048
        • EGR System Module Connector - C1068
        • Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor / Fuel Rail Temperature Sensor Connector - C1073
        • A/C Compressor Cycling Switch Connector - C1081
        • Battery Connectors
          • Battery Connector End View - C1100A
          • Battery Connector End View - C1100B
        • Output Shaft Speed Sensor Connector - C1107
        • Left Front Parking Lamp Connector - C1113
        • Right Front Parking Lamp Connector - C1114
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector - C1120
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch Connector - C1121
        • Air Suspension Compressor Assembly Connector - C1179
        • Evaporative Emissions Canister Purge Valve Connector - C1195
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor Connector - C1196
        • Blower Motor Connector - C1227
        • A/C Pressure Transducer Connector - C1260
        • 4R70E Automatic Transmission Vehicle Harness Connector - C1274
        • Blower Motor Speed Control Connector - C1308
        • Blower Motor Resistor Connector - C1349
        • Wig-Wag Module Connector - C1365
        • Electronic Throttle Control Motor Connector - C1368
        • Throttle Position Sensor Connector - C1449
        • Left Front Impact Severity Sensor Connector - C1465
        • Right Front Impact Severity Sensor Connector - C1466
        • Heated Positive Crankcase Ventilation Connector - C1470
        • Siren Speaker Connector - C1471
        • Left Front Strobe Assembly Connector - C1478
        • Right Front Strobe Assembly Connector - C1479
        • Left Grille Strobe Assembly Connector - C1480
        • Right Grille Strobe Assembly Connector - C1481
        • Adjustable Pedal Motor Connector - C2003
        • Passive Anti-Theft System Transceiver Connector - C2007
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector - C2008
        • Park Brake Switch Connector - C2015
        • Front Cigar Lighter Connector - C2031
        • Power Point Connectors - C2033
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Connector - C2040
        • Left Footwell Courtesy Lamp Connector - C2056
        • Right Footwell Courtesy Lamp Connector - C2057
        • Adjustable Pedal Switch Connector - C2089
        • Vehicle Dynamics Module Connector
          • Vehicle Dynamics Module Connector End View - C2131A
          • Vehicle Dynamics Module Connector End View - C2131B
        • Lighting Control Module Connectors
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145A
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145B
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145C
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145D
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Switch 2 Connector - C2203
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Switch 3 Connector - C2204
        • Left Side Spot Lamp Connector - C2205
        • Right Side Spot Lamp Connector - C2206
        • Audio Control Switch / Climate Control Switch Connector - C2208
        • Taxi Roof Lamp Switch Connector - C2213
        • Instrument Cluster Connectors - C2220
        • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation Indicator Connector - C2286
        • Driver Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector - C3014
        • Right Power Seat Motor Assembly Connector - C3015
        • Occupant Classification Sensor Connector - C3042
        • Occupant Classification System Module Connector - C3043
        • Driver Side Safety Belt Sensor Connector - C3065
        • Passenger Side Safety Belt Sensor Connector - C3066
        • Antenna Connector - C3183
        • Strobe/Light Bar Control Switch Connector - C3257A
        • Strobe/Light Bar Control Switches Connector - C3257B
        • Fire Suppression Module Connector - C3281A
        • Fire Suppression System Module Connectors - C3281B
        • Fuel Pump Driver Module Connector - C4033
        • Air Suspension Height Sensor Connector - C4043
        • Left Rear Air Spring Solenoid Valve Connector - C4044
        • Right Rear Air Spring Solenoid Valve Connector - C4045
        • Air Suspension Disable Switch Connector - C4087
        • Left Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 1 Connector - C4112
        • Left Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 2 Connector - C4113
        • Right Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 1 Connector - C4114
        • Right Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 2 Connector - C4115
        • Left Rear Police Flasher Lamp Connector - C4163
        • Right Rear Police Flasher Lamp Connector - C4164
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Connector - C4168
        • Rear Police Auxiliary Junction Box Connector
          • Rear Police Auxiliary Junction Box Connector End View - C4170A
          • Rear Police Auxiliary Junction Box Connector End View - C4170B
        • Strobe Control Module Connectors
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View -C4231A
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231B
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231C
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231D
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231E
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231F
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231G
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231J
        • Smart Siren Amplifier Connector - C4232
        • Trunk Air Circulation Fan Motor Connector - C4233
        • Rear Deck Led Flasher Connector - C4234
        • Left Rear Strobe Assembly Connector - C4235
        • Right Rear Strobe Assembly Connector - C4236
        • Right Rear Police Tray Lamp Connector - C4298
        • Left Rear Police Tray Lamp Connector - C4299
        • Right Fire Suppressor Connector - C4316
        • Left Fire Suppressor Connector - C4317
        • Trunk Perimeter Disarm Switch Connector - C4330
        • Fire Suppression Manual Switch Connector - C9034
  • Starter
    • Starting System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Starting System
          • Notes
          • Starting System - Starter Motor
          • Starting System - Starter Relay
          • Starting System - Normal Operation
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Starting System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Starting System - Anti-Theft Intervention
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Engine Does Not Crank
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Engine Does Not Crank
            • Pinpoint Test B: Unusual Starter Noise
              • Notes
              • Pinpoint Test B: Unusual Starter Noise
          • Component Tests
            • Starter Motor - Motor Feed Circuit
            • Starter Motor - Motor Ground Circuit
      • General Procedures
        • Starter Motor Drive Gear and Flywheel Ring Gear Inspection
      • Removal And Installation
        • Starter Motor Solenoid Relay - ISO Mini
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Starter Motor
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector Views
        • A/C Compressor Clutch Field Coil Connector - C100
        • Generator Connectors
          • Generator Connector End View - C102A
          • Generator Connector End View - C102B
        • Oil Pressure Switch Connector - C103
        • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor Connector - C107
        • Knock Sensor Connector - C109
        • Inline Connectors
          • Inline Connector End View - C110
          • Inline Connector End View - C133
          • Inline Connector End View - C134
          • Inline Connector End View - C139
          • Inline Connector End View - C140
          • Inline Connector End View - C146
          • Inline Connector End View - C173
          • Inline Connector End View - C174
          • Inline Connector End View - C192
          • Inline Connector End View - C211
          • Inline Connector End View - C213
          • Inline Connector End View - C214
          • Inline Connector End View - C237
          • Inline Connector End View - C248
          • Inline Connector End View - C260
          • Inline Connector End View - C263
          • Inline Connector End View - C268
          • Inline Connector End View - C275
          • Inline Connector End View - C298
          • Inline Connector End View - C299
          • Inline Connector End View - C311
          • Inline Connector End View - C312
          • Inline Connector End View - C313
          • Inline Connector End View -C315
          • Inline Connector End View - C316
          • Inline Connector End View - C339
          • Inline Connector End View - C340
          • Inline Connector End View - C405
          • Inline Connector End View - C406
          • Inline Connector End View - C408
          • Inline Connector End View - C410
          • Inline Connector End View - C411
          • Inline Connector End View - C422
          • Inline Connector End View - C423
          • Inline Connector End View - C431
          • Inline Connector End View - C432
          • Inline Connector End View - C465
          • Inline Connector End View - C494
          • Inline Connector End View - C495
          • Inline Connector End View - C510
          • Inline Connector End View - C610
          • Inline Connector End View - C700
          • Inline Connector End View - C800
          • Inline Connector End View -C913
          • Inline Connector End View - C919
          • Inline Connector End View - C1010
          • Inline Connector End View - C1019
          • Inline Connector End View - C1352
          • Inline Connector End View - C1386
          • Inline Connector End View - C1393
        • Coil On Plug Connectors
          • Coil On Plug 1 Connector End View - C111
          • Coil On Plug 2 Connector End View - C112
          • Coil On Plug 3 Connector End View - C113
          • Coil On Plug 4 Connector End View - C114
          • Coil On Plug 5 Connector End View - C115
          • Coil On Plug 6 Connector End View - C116
          • Coil On Plug 7 Connector End View - C117
          • Coil On Plug 8 Connector End View - C118
        • Brake Fluid Level Switch Connector - C124
        • Windshield Wiper Motor Connector - C125
        • Mass Air Flow Sensor / Intake Air Temperature Sensor Connector - C128
        • Horn Connector - C131
        • Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Connector - C132
        • Anti-Lock Brake System Module Connector - C135
        • Windshield Washer Pump Motor Connector - C137
        • Washer Fluid Level Switch Connector - C138
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 22 Connector - C141
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 12 Connector - C142
        • Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor Connector - C143
        • Front Flasher Connector - C144
        • Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C150
        • Left Front Cornering Lamp Connector - C151
        • Left Front Fog Lamp Connector - C152
        • Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C160
        • Right Front Cornering Lamp Connector - C161
        • Right Front Fog Lamp Connector - C162
        • Digital Transmission Range Sensor Connector - C167
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 11 Connector - C171
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 21 Connector - C172
        • Powertrain Control Module Connectors
          • Powertrain Control Module Connector End View - C175B
          • Powertrain Control Module Connector End View - C175E
          • Powertrain Control Module Connector End View - C175T
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector - C180
        • Fuel Injector Connectors
          • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View - C181
          • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View - C182
          • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View - C183
          • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View - C184
          • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View - C185
          • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View - C186
          • Fuel Injector 7 Connector End View - C187
          • Fuel Injector 8 Connector End View - C188
        • Starter Motor Connectors
          • Starter Motor Connector End View - C197A
          • Starter Motor Connector End View - C197B
        • Multifunction Switch Connectors
          • Multifunction Switch Connector End View - C202A
          • Multifunction Switch Connector End View - C202B
          • Multifunction Switch Connector End View - C202C
        • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connectors
          • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connector End View - C203
          • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connector End View - C2330A
          • Steering Wheel/Speed Control Switch Connector End View - C2330B
        • Main Light Switch Connectors
          • Main Light Switch Connector End View - C205A
          • Main Light Switch Connector End View - C205B
        • Horn Switch Connectors
          • Horn Switch Connector End View - C217A
          • Horn Switch Connector End View - C217B
        • Clockspring Connectors
          • Clockspring Connector End View - C218A
          • Clockspring Connector End View - C218B
        • EATC HVAC Module Connector
          • EATC HVAC Module Connector End View - C228A
          • EATC HVAC Module Connector End View - C228B
        • In-Vehicle Temperature Sensor Connector - C233
        • Audio Unit Connectors
          • Audio Unit Connector End View - C240
          • Audio Unit Connector End View - C290A
          • Audio Unit Connector End View - C290C
        • Rear Window Defrost Switch Connectors - C241
        • Ignition Switch Connector - C250
        • Data Link Connector - C251
        • Message Center Switch Connector - C253
        • Glove Box Lamp Connector - C254
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connectors - C256
        • Speed Control Deactivator Switch Connector - C277
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector - C278
        • Transmission Control Switch Connector - C279
        • Traction Control Switch Connector - C280
        • Autolamp Sensor Connector - C287
        • Temperature Blend Door Actuator Connector - C289
        • Climate Control Assembly Connectors
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294A
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294B
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294C
          • Climate Control Assembly Connector End View - C294D
        • Passenger Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector - C303
        • Right Side Impact Sensor Connector - C304
        • Left Side Impact Sensor Connector - C305
        • Restraints Control Module Connectors
          • Restraints Control Module Connector End View - C310A
          • Restraints Control Module Connector End View - C310B
        • Passenger Side Front Heated Seat Module Connector - C329
        • Passenger Side Lumbar Adjust Switch Connector - C331
        • Right Front Seat Cushion Heater Connector - C334
        • Right Front Seat Back Heater Connector - C335
        • Passenger Seat Lumbar Compressor Motor Connector - C336
        • Right Side Air Bag Module Connector - C337
        • Passenger Seat Recliner Motor Connector - C338
        • Left Power Seat Motor Assembly Connector - C353
        • Driver Side Seat Position Sensor Connector - C356
        • Driver Side Front Heated Seat Module Connector - C359
        • Driver Side Lumbar Adjust Switch Connector - C361
        • Left Front Seat Cushion Heater Connector - C364
        • Left Front Seat Back Heater Connector - C365
        • Driver Seat Lumbar Compressor Motor Connector - C366
        • Left Side Air Bag Module Connector - C367
        • Driver Seat Recliner Motor Connector - C368
        • Antenna Module Connector
          • Antenna Module Connector End View - C402A
          • Antenna Module Connector End View - C402B
        • Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C426
        • Luggage Compartment Lamp Connector - C428
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Solenoid Connector - C430
        • Fuel Level Sender Connector
          • Fuel Level Sender Connector End View - C434A
          • Fuel Level Sender Connector End View - C434B
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor Connector - C435
        • Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Connector - C440
        • Evaporative Emissions Canister Vent Control Solenoid Connector - C450
        • Left Reversing Lamp Connector - C451
        • Right Reversing Lamp Connector - C461
        • Fuel Pump Motor Connector - C463
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector
          • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View - C466A
          • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View - C466B
        • High Mounted Stoplamp Connector - C475
        • Left Rear Speaker Connector - C484
        • Right Rear Speaker Connector - C485
        • License Lamps Connector - C490
        • Driver Door Module Connectors
          • Driver Door Module Connector End View - C501A
          • Driver Door Module Connector End View - C501B
          • Driver Door Module Connector End View - C501C
        • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector
          • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View - C504A
          • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View - C504B
        • Driver Side Door Lock Switch Connector - C505
        • Left Exterior Rear View Mirror Connector - C516
        • Driver Side Front Seat Adjust Switch Connector - C519
        • Left Front Speaker Connector - C523
        • Driver Side Front Power Window Motor Connector - C524
        • Left Front Door Lock Actuator Connector - C525
        • Driver Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Driver Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C526A
          • Driver Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C526B
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector - C527
        • Keyless Entry Keypad Connector - C530
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Switch 1 Connector - C534
        • Driver Side Seat Heater Switch Connector - C538
        • Passenger Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Passenger Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C602A
          • Passenger Side Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C602B
        • Passenger Side Door Lock Actuator Connector - C603
        • Passenger Side Door Lock Switch Connector - C605
        • Passenger Side Front Power Window Motor Connector - C608
        • Right Front Speaker Connector - C612
        • Right Exterior Rear View Mirror Connector - C622
        • Right Side Front Power Window Switch Connector - C624
        • Passenger Side Front Seat Adjust Switch Connector - C627
        • Passenger Side Seat Heater Switch Connector - C630
        • Left Rear Window Adjust Switch Connector - C701
        • Left Rear Power Window Motor Connector - C703
        • Left Rear Door Lock Actuator Connector - C704
        • Driver Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Driver Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C715A
          • Driver Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C715B
        • Right Rear Window Adjust Switch Connector - C801
        • Right Rear Power Window Motor Connector - C803
        • Right Rear Door Lock Actuator Connector - C804
        • Passenger Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector
          • Passenger Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C820A
          • Passenger Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View - C820B
        • Right Vanity Mirror Lamp Connector - C906
        • Left Vanity Mirror Lamp Connector - C907
        • Electrochromatic Inside Mirror Unit Connector - C911
        • Rear Interior Lamp/ Map Lamp Assembly Connector - C932
        • Map Reading Lamps Connector - C978
        • Taxi Roof Lamp Connector - C994
        • Left Headlamp Connector
          • Left Headlamp Connector End View - C1021
          • Left Headlamp Connector End View - C1284
        • Left Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector
          • Left Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1023
          • Left Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1115
        • Battery Junction Box Connector - C1035
        • Right Headlamp Connector
          • Right Headlamp Connector End View - C1041
          • Right Headlamp Connector End View - C1285
        • Right Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector
          • Right Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1043
          • Right Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View - C1116
        • Engine Cooling Fan Module Connector - C1048
        • EGR System Module Connector - C1068
        • Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor / Fuel Rail Temperature Sensor Connector - C1073
        • A/C Compressor Cycling Switch Connector - C1081
        • Battery Connectors
          • Battery Connector End View - C1100A
          • Battery Connector End View - C1100B
        • Output Shaft Speed Sensor Connector - C1107
        • Left Front Parking Lamp Connector - C1113
        • Right Front Parking Lamp Connector - C1114
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector - C1120
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch Connector - C1121
        • Air Suspension Compressor Assembly Connector - C1179
        • Evaporative Emissions Canister Purge Valve Connector - C1195
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor Connector - C1196
        • Blower Motor Connector - C1227
        • A/C Pressure Transducer Connector - C1260
        • 4R70E Automatic Transmission Vehicle Harness Connector - C1274
        • Blower Motor Speed Control Connector - C1308
        • Blower Motor Resistor Connector - C1349
        • Wig-Wag Module Connector - C1365
        • Electronic Throttle Control Motor Connector - C1368
        • Throttle Position Sensor Connector - C1449
        • Left Front Impact Severity Sensor Connector - C1465
        • Right Front Impact Severity Sensor Connector - C1466
        • Heated Positive Crankcase Ventilation Connector - C1470
        • Siren Speaker Connector - C1471
        • Left Front Strobe Assembly Connector - C1478
        • Right Front Strobe Assembly Connector - C1479
        • Left Grille Strobe Assembly Connector - C1480
        • Right Grille Strobe Assembly Connector - C1481
        • Adjustable Pedal Motor Connector - C2003
        • Passive Anti-Theft System Transceiver Connector - C2007
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector - C2008
        • Park Brake Switch Connector - C2015
        • Front Cigar Lighter Connector - C2031
        • Power Point Connectors - C2033
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Connector - C2040
        • Left Footwell Courtesy Lamp Connector - C2056
        • Right Footwell Courtesy Lamp Connector - C2057
        • Adjustable Pedal Switch Connector - C2089
        • Vehicle Dynamics Module Connector
          • Vehicle Dynamics Module Connector End View - C2131A
          • Vehicle Dynamics Module Connector End View - C2131B
        • Lighting Control Module Connectors
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145A
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145B
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145C
          • Lighting Control Module Connector End View - C2145D
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Switch 2 Connector - C2203
        • Luggage Compartment Lid Release Switch 3 Connector - C2204
        • Left Side Spot Lamp Connector - C2205
        • Right Side Spot Lamp Connector - C2206
        • Audio Control Switch / Climate Control Switch Connector - C2208
        • Taxi Roof Lamp Switch Connector - C2213
        • Instrument Cluster Connectors - C2220
        • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation Indicator Connector - C2286
        • Driver Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector - C3014
        • Right Power Seat Motor Assembly Connector - C3015
        • Occupant Classification Sensor Connector - C3042
        • Occupant Classification System Module Connector - C3043
        • Driver Side Safety Belt Sensor Connector - C3065
        • Passenger Side Safety Belt Sensor Connector - C3066
        • Antenna Connector - C3183
        • Strobe/Light Bar Control Switch Connector - C3257A
        • Strobe/Light Bar Control Switches Connector - C3257B
        • Fire Suppression Module Connector - C3281A
        • Fire Suppression System Module Connectors - C3281B
        • Fuel Pump Driver Module Connector - C4033
        • Air Suspension Height Sensor Connector - C4043
        • Left Rear Air Spring Solenoid Valve Connector - C4044
        • Right Rear Air Spring Solenoid Valve Connector - C4045
        • Air Suspension Disable Switch Connector - C4087
        • Left Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 1 Connector - C4112
        • Left Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 2 Connector - C4113
        • Right Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 1 Connector - C4114
        • Right Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp 2 Connector - C4115
        • Left Rear Police Flasher Lamp Connector - C4163
        • Right Rear Police Flasher Lamp Connector - C4164
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Connector - C4168
        • Rear Police Auxiliary Junction Box Connector
          • Rear Police Auxiliary Junction Box Connector End View - C4170A
          • Rear Police Auxiliary Junction Box Connector End View - C4170B
        • Strobe Control Module Connectors
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View -C4231A
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231B
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231C
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231D
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231E
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231F
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231G
          • Strobe Control Module Connector End View - C4231J
        • Smart Siren Amplifier Connector - C4232
        • Trunk Air Circulation Fan Motor Connector - C4233
        • Rear Deck Led Flasher Connector - C4234
        • Left Rear Strobe Assembly Connector - C4235
        • Right Rear Strobe Assembly Connector - C4236
        • Right Rear Police Tray Lamp Connector - C4298
        • Left Rear Police Tray Lamp Connector - C4299
        • Right Fire Suppressor Connector - C4316
        • Left Fire Suppressor Connector - C4317
        • Trunk Perimeter Disarm Switch Connector - C4330
        • Fire Suppression Manual Switch Connector - C9034
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Body Control Modules
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cooling Fan
      • Cruise Control
      • Defoggers
      • Electronic Suspension
      • Engine Performance
        • 4.6L Flex Fuel
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Seats
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlock
      • Starting/Charging
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
      • Trunk, Tailgate, Fuel Door
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Engine Mechanical
  • Accessory Drive Belts
    • Accessory Drive System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Accessory Drive
          • Notes
          • Accessory Drive Belt Routing
          • Belt Tensioner
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Accessory Drive
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
            • Drive Belt - Noise/Flutter
            • Drive Belt - Incorrect Installation
          • Incorrect Installation
          • Correct Installation
            • Notes
            • Belt Tensioner - Mechanical
            • Belt Tensioner - Dynamics
      • Removal And Installation
        • Front End Accessory Drive (FEAD) - Exploded View
        • Accessory Drive Belt
          • Removal and Installation
        • Accessory Drive Belt Tensioner
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Accessory Drive Belt Idler Pulley
          • Removal and Installation
  • Auxiliary Emission Control Systems
    • Evaporative Emissions System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specification Chart
        • Torque Specification Chart
      • Description And Operation
        • Evaporative Emissions
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Evaporative Emissions
      • General Procedures
        • Evaporative Emission System Leak Test
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Phase 1 - Leak Verification
          • Phase 2 - System Leak Check
      • Removal And Installation
        • Evaporative Emission Canister
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Evaporative Emission Canister Purge Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Vapor Tube Assembly
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fill Limiting Vent Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Evaporative Emission Canister Vent Solenoid
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Dust Separator
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
  • Cooling System (Mechanical)
    • Accessory Drive System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Accessory Drive
          • Notes
          • Accessory Drive Belt Routing
          • Belt Tensioner
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Accessory Drive
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
            • Drive Belt - Noise/Flutter
            • Drive Belt - Incorrect Installation
          • Incorrect Installation
          • Correct Installation
            • Notes
            • Belt Tensioner - Mechanical
            • Belt Tensioner - Dynamics
      • Removal And Installation
        • Front End Accessory Drive (FEAD) - Exploded View
        • Accessory Drive Belt
          • Removal and Installation
        • Accessory Drive Belt Tensioner
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Accessory Drive Belt Idler Pulley
          • Removal and Installation
    • Engine Cooling System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specification
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine Cooling
          • Notes
          • Coolant Flow Diagram - Without Oil Cooler
          • Coolant Flow Diagram - With Oil Cooler
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine Cooling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Chart
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Loss of Coolant
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: Loss Of Coolant
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Engine Overheats
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: The Engine Overheats
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Engine Does Not Reach Normal Operating Temperature
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: The Engine Does Not Reach Normal Operating Temperature
          • Component Tests
            • Cooling System Pressure Test
            • Thermostat
              • Notes
              • Thermostat Visual Inspection
            • Radiator Leak Test, Removed From Vehicle
      • General Procedures
        • Cooling System Draining, Filling and Bleeding
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Draining
          • Filling and Bleeding with RADKITPLUS
          • Filling and Bleeding without RADKITPLUS
        • Cooling System Flushing
          • Material
        • Heater Core Backflushing
          • Material
      • Removal And Installation
        • Block Heater
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Thermostat
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Coolant Pump
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Radiator
          • Radiator (View 1 of 2)
          • Radiator (View 2 of 2)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Cooling Fan Motor and Shroud
          • Degas Bottle and Power Steering Reservoir
          • Cooling Fan Motor and Shroud
          • Removal and Installation
        • Degas Bottle
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
  • Exhaust System
    • Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Exhaust System
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Exhaust System
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Symptom Chart - Exhaust System
        • Symptom Chart - NVH
        • Pinpoint Test
          • Pinpoint Test A: Drumming Noise
    • General Procedures
      • Exhaust System Alignment
    • Removal And Installation
      • Exhaust System - Exploded View
        • Single Exhaust
        • Dual Exhaust
      • Muffler and Tailpipe
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Muffler and Tailpipe - Fire Suppression System
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Catalytic Converter
        • Removal and Installation
  • Fuel System
    • Fuel Charging System & Fuel Control System - 4.6L (2V)
      • Specifications
        • Material Specification
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Fuel Charging and Controls
          • Notes
          • Throttle Body (TB)
          • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Rail
          • Fuel Rail Pressure and Temperature Sensor
          • Fuel Pump Driver Module (FPDM)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Fuel Charging and Controls
      • Removal And Installation
        • Throttle Body
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Throttle Body - Spacer
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Rail and Fuel Injector - Exploded View
          • Intake Manifold Bracket, Hoses and Electrical Connectors
          • Intake Manifold Shield, Hoses and Electrical Connectors
          • Fuel Rail and Injectors
        • Fuel Rail
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Injectors
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Pump Driver Module (FPDM)
          • Removal and Installation
    • Fuel System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specification Chart
        • General Specification Chart
      • Description And Operation
        • Fuel System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Fuel System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Chart
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Test
            • Pinpoint Test A: Slow to Fill
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: Slow To Fill
      • General Procedures
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
        • Fuel System Pressure Test
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Fuel Tank Draining
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Spring Lock Couplings
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Disconnect
          • Connect
        • Quick Connect Coupling
          • Material
          • Disconnect - Type I
          • Connect - Type I
          • Disconnect - Type II
          • Connect - Type II
    • Fuel Tank & Fuel Lines
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Fuel Tank and Lines
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Fuel Tank and Lines
      • Removal And Installation
        • Fuel Tank and Filler Pipe - Exploded View
          • Fuel Tank and Filler Pipe
          • Fuel Tubes
        • Fuel Tank
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Tank Filler Pipe
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Pump Module
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Level Sender
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Lines and Fuel Filter - Exploded View
        • Fuel Lines
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Filter
          • Removal and Installation
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
  • Mechanical
    • Engine Mechanical - 4.6L (2V)
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine
          • Notes
          • Engine Identification
            • Notes
            • Engine Code Information Label
          • Engine Cylinder Identification
          • Exhaust Emission Control System
          • Induction System
          • Valve Train
          • PCV System
          • Lubrication System
          • Oil Pump
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine
      • In-Vehicle Repair
        • Intake Manifold
          • Intake Manifold (View 1 of 3)
          • Intake Manifold (View 2 of 3)
          • Intake Manifold (View 3 of 3)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Cover - RH
          • Material
          • Valve Cover - RH (View 1 of 4)
          • Valve Cover - RH (View 2 of 4)
          • Valve Cover - RH (View 3 of 4)
          • Valve Cover - RH (View 4 of 4)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Cover - LH
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lower End Components - Exploded View, Crankshaft Pulley and Crankshaft Front Seal
        • Crankshaft Pulley
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Front Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Engine Front Cover
          • Material
          • Engine Front Cover (View 1 of 2)
          • Engine Front Cover (View 2 of 2)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Timing Drive Components
          • Special Tool(s)
          • General Equipment
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Train Components - Exploded View
        • Valve Springs
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Seals
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Hydraulic Lash Adjuster
          • Removal and Installation
        • Camshaft Roller Follower
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Camshaft
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Exhaust Manifold - RH
          • Exhaust Manifold - RH (View 1 of 3)
          • Exhaust Manifold - RH (View 2 of 3)
          • Exhaust Manifold - RH (View 3 of 3)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Exhaust Manifold - LH
          • Exhaust Manifold - LH (View 1 of 2)
          • Exhaust Manifold - LH (View 2 of 2)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Engine Lubrication Components - Exploded View, Oil Pan, Oil Pump, Oil Pump Screen and Pickup Tube
        • Oil Pan
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Pump
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Pump Screen and Pickup Tube
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Filter Adapter
          • Material
          • Oil Filter Adapter Without Oil Cooler
          • Oil Filter Adapter With Oil Cooler
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Cooler
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Engine Oil Pressure (EOP) Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Oil Level Indicator and Tube
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Lower End Components - Exploded View, Flexplate and Crankshaft Rear Seal with Retainer Plate
        • Flexplate
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Rear Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Rear Seal with Retainer Plate
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Engine Mount - RH
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Engine Mount - LH
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
      • Removal
        • Cylinder Head
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
      • Disassembly
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Disassembly
      • Disassembly And Assembly Of Subassemblies
        • Cylinder Head
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Piston
          • Material
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
      • Assembly
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • General Equipment
          • Material
          • Engine Induction System
          • Engine - Front End and Lower End
          • Engine - Flex Plate and Engine Lubrication
          • Engine - Upper End
          • Assembly
      • Installation
        • Cylinder Head
          • Special Tool(s)
          • General Equipment
          • Material
          • Installation
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Installation
    • Engine System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection and Verification - Engine Performance
          • Inspection and Verification - NVH
            • Notes
            • Fuel injector noise
            • Upper end engine noise
            • Lower end engine noise
            • Front of engine noise
            • Rear of engine noise
          • Symptom Chart - Engine Performance
          • Symptom Chart - NVH
          • Component Tests
            • Notes
            • Engine Oil Leaks
              • Notes
              • Engine Oil Leaks - Fluorescent Oil Additive Method
              • Leakage Points - Underhood
              • Leakage Points - Under Engine, With Vehicle on Hoist
              • Leakage Points - With Transmission and Flywheel Removed
          • Compression Test
            • Notes
            • Compression Test - Test Results
            • Compression Test - Interpreting Compression Readings
          • Cylinder Leakage Detection
          • Excessive Engine Oil Consumption
            • Notes
            • Basic Pre-checks
            • Detailed Pre-checks
            • Oil Consumption Test
            • Post Checks, Evaluation and Corrective Action
          • Intake Manifold Vacuum Test
            • Notes
            • Intake Manifold Vacuum Test - Interpreting Vacuum Gauge Readings
          • Oil Pressure Test
          • Valve Train Analysis
            • Notes
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Valve Cover Removed
            • Valve Train Analysis - Camshaft, Camshaft Roller Followers and Hydraulic Lash Adjusters
            • Valve Train Analysis - Valve Springs, Valve Spring Retainer and Valve Spring Retainer Keys
            • Valve Train Analysis - Valves and Cylinder Head
            • Valve Train Analysis - Camshaft Lobe Lift
      • General Procedures
        • Sprockets
        • Camshaft Bearing Journal Diameter
        • Camshaft Journal to Bearing Clearance - OHC Engines
        • Camshaft End Play - OHC Engines
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Camshaft Surface Inspection
        • Camshaft Lobe Lift
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Camshaft Runout
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal Diameter
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal Taper and Out-of-Round
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal-to-Bearing Clearance
        • Crankshaft End Play
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Connecting Rod Bearing Journal Taper and Out-of-Round
        • Connecting Rod-to-Piston Clearance
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Cylinder Bore Taper
        • Cylinder Bore Out-of-Round
        • Piston Inspection
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Piston Pin Bore Diameter
        • Piston Diameter
        • Piston To Cylinder Bore Clearance
        • Piston Selection
        • Piston Ring End Gap
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Piston Ring-to-Groove Clearance
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Piston Pin Diameter
        • Connecting Rod Cleaning
        • Connecting Rod Large End Bore
        • Connecting Rod Bushing Diameter
        • Connecting Rod Bend
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Connecting Rod Twist
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Connecting Rod Bearing Journal-to-Bearing Clearance
        • Connecting Rod to Crankshaft Side Clearance
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Roller Follower Inspection
        • Hydraulic Lash Adjuster Inspection
        • Valve Stem Diameter
        • Valve Stem to Valve Guide Clearance
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Valve Inspection
        • Valve Guide Inner Diameter
        • Valve Spring Installed Length
        • Valve Spring Free Length
        • Valve Spring Squareness
        • Valve Spring Strength
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Valve Seat Inspection
          • Valve and Seat Refacing Measurements
        • Valve Seat Width
        • Valve Seat Runout
        • Cylinder Block Distortion
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Cylinder Head Distortion
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Cylinder Bore Cleaning
          • Material
        • Core Plug Replacement
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
        • Spark Plug Inspection
        • Exhaust Manifold Cleaning and Inspection
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Bearing Inspection
        • Flexplate Inspection
        • Powertrain/Drivetrain Mount Neutralizing
  • Starter
    • Starting System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Starting System
          • Notes
          • Starting System - Starter Motor
          • Starting System - Starter Relay
          • Starting System - Normal Operation
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Starting System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Starting System - Anti-Theft Intervention
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Engine Does Not Crank
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Engine Does Not Crank
            • Pinpoint Test B: Unusual Starter Noise
              • Notes
              • Pinpoint Test B: Unusual Starter Noise
          • Component Tests
            • Starter Motor - Motor Feed Circuit
            • Starter Motor - Motor Ground Circuit
      • General Procedures
        • Starter Motor Drive Gear and Flywheel Ring Gear Inspection
      • Removal And Installation
        • Starter Motor Solenoid Relay - ISO Mini
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Starter Motor
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
• Engine Performance
  • Emissions
    • EGR Function Testing - Ford - Cars
      • EGR Function Testing - Ford - Cars
        • Test 1
          • Ported EGR Valve
        • Test 2
          • Backpressure Transducer EGR System
        • Test 3
          • Integral Backpressure Transducer EGR System
        • Test 4
          • Electronic EGR Valve
        • Test 5
          • 1994-96 All Except 2.5L (VIN B)
        • Test 6
          • EEC-V Equipped Vehicles
        • Test 7
          • 1.8L & 2.5L (EEC Systems)
        • Test 8
          • EGR Valve
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator (EVR) Solenoid
        • Test 9
    • Emission Applications
      • Emission Applications
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
  • Fuel Delivery
    • Fuel Charging System & Fuel Control System - 4.6L (2V)
      • Specifications
        • Material Specification
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Fuel Charging and Controls
          • Notes
          • Throttle Body (TB)
          • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Rail
          • Fuel Rail Pressure and Temperature Sensor
          • Fuel Pump Driver Module (FPDM)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Fuel Charging and Controls
      • Removal And Installation
        • Throttle Body
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Throttle Body - Spacer
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Rail and Fuel Injector - Exploded View
          • Intake Manifold Bracket, Hoses and Electrical Connectors
          • Intake Manifold Shield, Hoses and Electrical Connectors
          • Fuel Rail and Injectors
        • Fuel Rail
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Injectors
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Pump Driver Module (FPDM)
          • Removal and Installation
    • Fuel System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specification Chart
        • General Specification Chart
      • Description And Operation
        • Fuel System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Fuel System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Chart
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Test
            • Pinpoint Test A: Slow to Fill
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: Slow To Fill
      • General Procedures
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
        • Fuel System Pressure Test
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Fuel Tank Draining
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Spring Lock Couplings
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Disconnect
          • Connect
        • Quick Connect Coupling
          • Material
          • Disconnect - Type I
          • Connect - Type I
          • Disconnect - Type II
          • Connect - Type II
    • Fuel Tank & Fuel Lines
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Fuel Tank and Lines
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Fuel Tank and Lines
      • Removal And Installation
        • Fuel Tank and Filler Pipe - Exploded View
          • Fuel Tank and Filler Pipe
          • Fuel Tubes
        • Fuel Tank
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Tank Filler Pipe
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Pump Module
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Level Sender
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Lines and Fuel Filter - Exploded View
        • Fuel Lines
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Filter
          • Removal and Installation
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
  • Engine Ignition System - 4.6L (2V)
    • Specifications
      • General Specification Chart
      • Torque Specification Chart
    • Description And Operation
      • Engine Ignition
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Engine Ignition
    • Removal And Installation
      • Engine Ignition Components - Exploded View
        • LH Side
        • RH Side
      • Ignition Coil-On-Plug
        • Removal and Installation
      • Spark Plugs
        • Removal and Installation
  • Mode 6 - 2010 Ford - Except Diesel
    • Introduction
    • Catalyst Monitor
    • Misfire Monitor
    • Air System Monitor
    • EVAP Monitor
    • Front Ho2S Monitor
    • Rear Ho2S Monitor
    • Ho2S Heater Monitor
    • UEGO MONIOTOR
    • UEGO Heater Monitor
    • DECEL Fuel Cut Off RESPONCE Rate
    • EGR Monitor
    • Variable Cam Timing System Monitor
  • Remove, Overhaul & Install
    • Engine Controls - Acceleration Control System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specification Chart
      • Description And Operation
        • Acceleration Control
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Acceleration Control
      • Removal And Installation
        • Accelerator Pedal
          • Fixed Accelerator Pedal and Sensor Assembly
          • Adjustable Pedal Accelerator Pedal and Sensor Assembly
          • Removal and Installation
        • Accelerator Pedal and Bracket
          • Adjustable Accelerator Pedal and Bracket
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Engine Controls - Electronic Engine Controls
      • Specifications
        • Material Specification Chart
        • Torque Specification Chart
      • Description And Operation
        • Electronic Engine Controls
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Electronic Engine Controls
      • Removal And Installation
        • Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor
          • A/C Compressor
          • Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) and Catalyst Monitor Sensor - Exploded View
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S)
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Catalyst Monitor Sensor
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Rail Pressure and Temperature Sensor
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Knock Sensor (KS)
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
    • Engine Emission Control System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specification Chart
        • Torque Specification Chart
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine Emission Control
          • Notes
          • EGR System
          • PCV System
          • Vehicle Emission Vacuum Routing
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine Emission Control
      • Removal And Installation
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System Components - Exploded View
          • EGR System Module
          • EGR System Module Tube
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System Module
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System Module Tube
          • Removal and Installation
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Crankcase Ventilation Tube
          • LH Crankcase Ventilation Tube
          • RH Crankcase Ventilation Tube
          • Removal and Installation
    • Fuel Charging System & Fuel Control System - 4.6L (2V)
      • Specifications
        • Material Specification
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Fuel Charging and Controls
          • Notes
          • Throttle Body (TB)
          • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Rail
          • Fuel Rail Pressure and Temperature Sensor
          • Fuel Pump Driver Module (FPDM)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Fuel Charging and Controls
      • Removal And Installation
        • Throttle Body
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Throttle Body - Spacer
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Rail and Fuel Injector - Exploded View
          • Intake Manifold Bracket, Hoses and Electrical Connectors
          • Intake Manifold Shield, Hoses and Electrical Connectors
          • Fuel Rail and Injectors
        • Fuel Rail
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Injectors
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Pump Driver Module (FPDM)
          • Removal and Installation
    • Intake Air Distribution System & Intake Air Filtering System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specification Chart
      • Description And Operation
        • Intake Air Distribution and Filtering
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Intake Air Distribution and Filtering
      • Removal And Installation
        • Intake Air System Components - Exploded View
        • Air Cleaner Outlet Pipe
          • Removal and Installation
        • Air Cleaner
          • Removal and Installation
        • Air Cleaner Element
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Specifications
    • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
      • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
        • Notes
        • 3 Cylinder Engine
        • 4 Cylinder Engine
        • 5 Cylinder Engine
        • V6 Engine
          • 3.3L (VIN T) Engines
          • 3.0L Villager Engine
          • All Other V6 Engines Except 3.3L (VIN T) & 3.0L Villager Engine
        • V8 Engine
          • 3.9L (VIN A) V8 Engines
          • 5.2L V8 Engines
          • 5.0L (Mustang Only) & 6.2L V8 Engines
          • All Other Gasoline V8 Engines Except 3.9L (VIN A), 5.0L (Mustang Only), 5.2L & 6.2L
          • Diesel V8 Engine (To 2010)
          • 6.7L Diesel V8 Engine (From 2011)
        • V10 Engine
    • Fuel System Pressure Specifications
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Pressure - Cars
        • Fuel Pressure - Trucks
  • System
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test DL: Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor Through Pinpoint Test DX: Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor - (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Pinpoint Test DL: Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DM: Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DN: Pressure and Temperature Sensors
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DO: Barometric Pressure (BARO) Sensor
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DP: Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor/Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS)/Transfer Case Speed Sensor (TCSS)
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DR: Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DT: Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Sensor
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DU: Intake Air Temperature 2 (IAT2) Sensor
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DV: Throttle Body Assembly Electronic Throttle Control (ETC)
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DW: Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S)
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DX: Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
  • Testing & Diagnosis
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test DL: Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor Through Pinpoint Test DX: Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor - (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Pinpoint Test DL: Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DM: Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DN: Pressure and Temperature Sensors
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DO: Barometric Pressure (BARO) Sensor
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DP: Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor/Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS)/Transfer Case Speed Sensor (TCSS)
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DR: Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DT: Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Sensor
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DU: Intake Air Temperature 2 (IAT2) Sensor
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DV: Throttle Body Assembly Electronic Throttle Control (ETC)
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DW: Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S)
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DX: Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
  • Tune-Up
    • Engine Ignition System - 4.6L (2V)
      • Specifications
        • General Specification Chart
        • Torque Specification Chart
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine Ignition
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine Ignition
      • Removal And Installation
        • Engine Ignition Components - Exploded View
          • LH Side
          • RH Side
        • Ignition Coil-On-Plug
          • Removal and Installation
        • Spark Plugs
          • Removal and Installation
• General Information
  • Abbreviations
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
  • Basic Trouble Shooting
    • Basic Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Accessories & Electrical
        • Charging System Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
      • Air Conditioning & Heat
        • Air Conditioning Trouble Shooting
        • Heater System Trouble Shooting
      • Brakes
        • Brake System Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Mechanical
        • Cooling System Trouble Shooting
        • Gasoline Engine - Mechanical Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Performance
        • Carburetor Trouble Shooting:
        • Diesel Engine Trouble Shooting
        • Fuel Injection Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
        • Tune-Up Trouble Shooting - Gas Engine Vehicles
        • Vacuum Pump - Diesel Trouble Shooting
      • Manual Transmission
        • Manual Transmission Trouble Shooting
      • Powertrain
        • Clutch Trouble Shooting
        • Drive Axle - Noise Diagnosis
          • Unrelated Noises
          • Non-Drive Axle Noises
          • Gear Noise
          • Chuckle
          • Knock
          • Clunk
          • Bearing Whine
          • Bearing Rumble
          • Chatter On Turns
          • Axle Shaft Noise
          • Vibration
        • Drive Axle - RWD Trouble Shooting
        • Fwd Axle Shafts & CV Joints Trouble Shooting
      • Steering & Suspension
        • Manual Steering Gear Trouble Shooting
        • Power Steering Trouble Shooting
        • Steering Column Trouble Shooting
        • Suspension Trouble Shooting
        • Wheel Alignment Trouble Shooting
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Engine Performance - Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Engine Performance
  • Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions
    • Map - Brake Systems
      • Brake Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accelerometers
        • Accumulators
        • Anchor Pins
        • Anti-Lock Brake Control Assembly(Module)
        • Anti-Lock Brake Controller
        • Anti-Lock Brake Systems
        • Axle Seal
        • Backing Plates
        • Bleeder Screw
        • Brake Abs Active Light (Blue)
        • Brake Fluid
        • Brake Friction Material
        • Brake On - Off Switch
        • Brake Pads
        • Brake Pedals
        • Brake Shoe Hardware
        • Brake Shoes
        • Brake Stoplight Switches
        • Brake Warning Light (Amber)
        • Brake Warning Light (Red)
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs And LEDS
        • Caliper Hardware
        • Caliper Mounting Pin
        • Caliper Piston
        • Caliper Shim
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt) Dust Boot
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt)
        • Calipers
        • Combination Valve
        • Controllers
        • Digital Ratio Axle Controllers And Buffers (Drab And Dram)
        • Disable Switches
        • Drums
        • Electrical Brake Pumps
        • Electrical Park Motor
        • Electrical Pumps And Motors
        • Electro-Magnetic Interference
        • Electronic Brake Control Modulator
        • Electronic Brake Distribution
        • Electronic Brake Traction Control Module
        • Electronic Controllers
        • Electronic Traction Control
        • External Brake Cable
        • Flow Control Valve
        • Fluid Level Sensor Switches
        • Fluid
        • Four Wheel Drive Switches
        • Friction Material
        • G Sensors
        • Gaskets
        • Gravitational Switches
        • Grease Seal
        • Height Sensing Proportioning Valve
        • High Pressure Accumulator
        • Hoses
        • Hub
        • Hydraulic Control Unit
        • Hydraulic Modulators
        • Hydro-Boosters
        • Hydro-Electric Boosters (POWERMASTER)
        • Ignition Disable Switches
        • Lamp Driver Relay
        • Lateral Acceleration Switches
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Low Pressure Accumulator
        • Lug Nut
        • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
        • Master Cylinders
        • Modulators
        • Motor Pack
        • Motors
        • Pads
        • Parking Brake Cable
        • Parking Brake Mechanism
        • Parking Brake Shoes
        • Parking Brake Switches
        • Parking Brake Systems
        • Pedal Travel Switches
        • Pedals
        • Power Distribution Center
        • POWERMASTER
        • Pressure Differential Switches
        • Pressure Switches
        • Pressure Transducers
        • Proportioning Valve
        • Pumps
        • Relays
        • RELUCTOR (Speed) Ring
        • Rotors
        • Self-Adjusting Systems
        • Shoe Hardware
        • Shoes
        • Sockets
        • Speed Sensor (RELUCTOR) Ring
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Star Wheel
        • Steel Brake Lines
        • Stoplight Switches
        • Stroke Sensor
        • Switches
        • Tires
        • Tone Ring
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Traction Control System (TCS)
        • Transfer Tubes
        • Vacuum Boosters
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Valves
        • Wear Indicator
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheel Cylinders
        • Wiring Harnesses
        • Yaw Rate Sensor
      • Brake System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Map - Routine Inspection Reference Guide
      • Routine Inspection Reference Guide
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Maintenance Overview
          • Antifreeze/Coolant
          • Visual Inspection
          • Radiator Cap Test
          • Engine Fan
          • Cooling System Power Flush And Refill
          • Belts (Except Timing Belts)
          • Belt TENSIONER
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid Exchange & Filter Replacement
          • Engine Oil
          • Air Filters
          • Cabin Air Filter
          • Brake Fluid
          • Battery
          • Battery Cables
          • Power Steering
          • Power Steering Fluid
          • Wiper Blades
        • Routine Inspection CHECKSHEET
        • Routine Inspection - UICS
          • Brake Systems
            • Notes
            • Brake Fluid
            • Bulbs And LEDS
            • Hoses
            • Lenses
            • Lug Nut
            • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
            • Parking Brake Cable
            • Vacuum Hoses
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
          • Drivetrain And Transmission
            • Notes
            • Automatic Transmission Fluid
            • Clutch Master Cylinders
            • Cooler Lines
            • Coolers
            • Differential Fluid
            • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Filters And Screens
            • Fluids And Lubricants
            • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
            • Hydraulic Fluid
            • Lubricants
            • Manual Transmission Fluid
            • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
            • Transfer Case Fluid
            • Vacuum Hoses
          • Electrical Systems
            • Batteries
            • Battery Cables
            • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
            • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
            • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
            • Ground Cables And Straps
            • Ground Straps
            • Lenses
            • Sealed Beams
            • Washer Pumps
            • Wiper Arms And Blades
            • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
            • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
          • Engine Performance And Maintenance
            • Notes
            • Accessory Belts
            • Air Filter Elements
            • Air Filter Gaskets
            • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
            • Air Pump Belts
            • Batteries
            • Battery Connectors
            • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
            • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
            • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
            • Coolant Recovery Tanks
            • Coolant
            • Distributor Caps
            • Distributor Rotors
            • Engine Cooling Systems
            • Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
            • Engine Oil
            • Fuel Filters
            • Fuel Injector Cleaning
            • Fuel Injectors
            • Fuel System Cleaning Service
            • Hose Clamps
            • Hose Connectors
            • Hose Couplers
            • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
            • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
            • Intake Cleaning
            • O2 Sensors
            • PCV Breather Elements
            • PCV Valves
            • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
            • Spark Plugs
            • Thermostats And Housings
            • Throttle Body Cleaning
            • Timing Belts
            • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
          • Exhaust Systems
            • Notes
            • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
          • Heating, Ventilation And Air Conditioning Systems
            • Notes
            • Belts
            • Cabin Air Filters
            • Coolant
            • Evaporator Drain Tubes
            • Evaporator Filters
            • In-Line Filters
            • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
          • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
            • Notes
            • Hydraulic Hoses
            • Power Steering Belts
            • Power Steering Fluid
            • Power Steering Hoses
            • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
            • Strut Rods
            • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
            • Tire Pressure Sensors
            • Tires
            • Valve Stems
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
      • Wheel & Tire Supplement
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
        • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
        • Wheel & Tire - UICS
          • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
          • Tire Pressure Sensors
          • Tires
          • Wheel Alignment
          • Wheel Attachment Hardware
          • Wheels (Rims)
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Check Lists
    • Symptom Check List Worksheet - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose
        • Notes
        • Why Use the Symptom Check List Worksheets?
        • Making the Worksheets a Part of Your Normal Routine
      • Symptom Check List Worksheets
        • Condensed Version - All On One Page
        • Full Version - All On Four Pages
        • Individual System-Based Check Lists
  • OBD-II Drive Cycles
    • 1996-99 Gasoline Models (Except Villager)
      • Introduction
      • Vehicle Preparation for OBD-II or Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle
      • Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycles
    • 1996 Villager
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle Test Procedure
      • Misfire Detection Repair Verification Drive Cycle
    • 1997-99 Villager
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle
    • 2000-04 Gasoline Models
      • Introduction
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
      • Drive Cycle Procedures
    • 2005-09 Gasoline Models
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
        • Notes
        • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2010-12 Gasoline Models (Except Fiesta)
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2011-12 Fiesta
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2003-07 6.0L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure:
    • 2008-10 6.4L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure:
    • 2011-12 6.7L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure
    • 1996-03 7.3L Diesel
      • Description
      • Performing Drive Cycle
    • 2005-09 Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2005-12 Escape Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle
    • 2011-12 Fusion Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
  • Driveline/Axles
    • Drive Axle Noise Diagnosis - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Unrelated Noises
      • Non-Drive Axle Noises
      • Gear Noise
      • Chuckle
      • Knock
      • Clunk
      • Bearing Whine
      • Bearing Rumble
      • Chatter On Turns
      • Axle Shaft Noise
      • Vibration
    • Gear Tooth Contact Patterns - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Inspection
        • Notes
        • Gear Tooth Contact Pattern
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Gear Backlash & Pinion Shim Changes
    • Map - Drive Train & Transmission
      • Drive Train & Transmission Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Drivetrain And Transmission
        • Notes
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Automatic Transmission / Transaxle Assemblies/CVTS
        • Automatic Transmission Fluid
        • Axles
        • Bearings And Races
        • Bell Cranks
        • Bell Housings
        • Bushings (External)
        • Cables (Speedometer)
        • Cables (TV, Detent And Shift)
        • Carrier Bearings
        • Clutch Cables And Cable Housings
        • Clutch Discs (Manual Transmissions)
        • Clutch Forks
        • Clutch Linkages (Mechanical)
        • Clutch Master Cylinders
        • Clutch Pedals
        • Clutch Pivots
        • Clutch Pressure Plates
        • Clutch Release Bearings
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Concentric)
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Conventional Or External)
        • Companion Flanges
        • Connectors
        • Cooler Bypass Valves
        • Cooler Lines
        • Coolers
        • CV Joints
        • Differential And Final Drive Assemblies
        • Differential Fluid
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks (Fluid Level Indicators)
        • Dowel Pins, Guides And Pilot Holes
        • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Drive Shaft Flanges
        • Drive Shafts And Half Shafts
        • Dust Boots
        • Engine Mounts
        • Exciter Rings
        • Filler Tubes
        • Filters And Screens
        • Flanges
        • Flex Plates
        • Fluid Level Indicators
        • Fluids And Lubricants
        • Flywheels
        • Force Motors
        • Gaskets
        • Guides
        • Half Shafts
        • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
        • Housings (Bell, Case, Tail(Extension) And Auxiliary)
        • Hydraulic Fluid
        • Intermediate Shaft Support Bearings
        • Key Interlock Systems
        • Limited Slips
        • Lines
        • Linkages (External)
        • Locking Hub Assemblies
        • Locking Hub Control Knobs
        • Lubricants
        • Manual Transmission Fluid
        • Manual Transmission/Transaxle Assemblies
        • Metal Clad Seals
        • METALASTIC Joints
        • Modulator Pins
        • Modulators
        • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
        • Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Oil Pans
        • Pans
        • Pilot Holes
        • Pressure Plates
        • Pressure Switches
        • Races
        • Rubber Joints (METALASTIC)
        • Screens
        • Seals (Metal Clad)
        • Seals
        • Selector Interlock Systems
        • Sensors
        • Servos
        • Shift Interlock Systems (Selector And Key Interlock Systems)
        • Side Covers
        • Slip Yokes
        • Solenoids
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Speedometer- Driven Gear Housing
        • Speedometer/Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Speedometer/Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Speedometers/Odometers (Electronic)
        • Switches
        • Tone Wheels
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Torque Converters
        • Transaxle Mounts
        • Transducers (Transmission)
        • Transfer Case Assemblies
        • Transfer Case Fluid
        • Transmission Coolers
        • Transmission Mounts
        • Transmission Pans
        • Transmission Range Indicators (PRNDL)
        • Tubes
        • Universal Joints (CARDAN Or Cross Type)
        • Vacuum Controls
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Vacuum Motors
        • Vacuum-Operated Switches
        • Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Vents
        • Vibration Dampers
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Speed Sensors
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
        • Yokes And Slip Yokes
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Trouble Shooting - Clutches - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • All Models
  • DTC Index
    • Anti-Theft - Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) DTCS
    • Automatic Transaxle/Transmission DTCS
    • Charging System - General Information DTCS
    • Climate Control System (HVAC) - General Information & Diagnostics DTCS
      • Climate Control System (HVAC) - General Information & Diagnostics DTC Chart
      • PCM DTC Chart
    • Engine Cooling DTCS
    • Fire Suppression System DTCS
    • Fuel System - General Information DTCS
    • Instrument Cluster And Panel Illumination
    • Instrument Cluster (Ic), Message Center, And Warning Chimes
      • Fire Suppression System Module (FSSM) DTC List
      • Instrument Cluster (Ic) DTC List
      • Lighting Control Module (LCM) DTC List
      • Pcm DTC List
      • Restraints Control Module (RCM) DTC List
    • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms DTCS
    • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems DTCS
      • Driver Door Module (DDM) DTC Chart
      • Lighting Control Module (LCM) DTC Chart
    • Information And Entertainment Systems DTCS
    • Exterior Lighting
      • Driver Door Module (DDM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
      • Lighting Control Module (LCM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
    • Interior Lighting
      • Driver Door Module (DDM) Diagnostic Code (DTC) List
      • Lighting Control Module (LCM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
    • Module Communications Network DTCS
    • Module Configuration DTCS
    • MULTIFUNCTION Electronic Modules DTCS
    • Powertrain DTC Charts And Descriptions - Gasoline Engines DTCS
    • Cruise (Speed) Control DTCS
    • Starting System DTCS
    • Steering Column Switches DTCS
    • Supplemental Restraint System DTCS
    • Vehicle Dynamic Systems DTCS
    • Vehicle Dynamic Suspension DTCS
    • Wheels And Tires DTCS
    • Wipers/Washers DTCS
  • Electrical
    • Map - Electrical Systems
      • Electrical Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Actuator Motors (Electric)
        • Actuator Motors (Vacuum)
        • Air Bags
        • Alternators And Generators
        • Amplifiers
        • Antennas
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Cables
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belts
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
        • Cd Players
        • Cigarette Lighter Assemblies
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Clutch Switches
        • Connectors
        • Control Modules
        • Cruise Control Brake Switches
        • Cruise Control Cables
        • Cruise Control Clutch Switches
        • Cruise Control Linkages And Cables
        • Cruise Control Reservoirs
        • Cruise Control Tubes
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Dump Release Valves
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And
        • Cruise Control Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Defoggers
        • Defrosters
        • Delays
        • Dimmers
        • Electric Heaters
        • Equalizers
        • Fuse Blocks
        • Fuse Boxes And Blocks
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gauges
        • Generators
        • Ground Cables And Straps
        • Ground Straps
        • Headlight Adjusters
        • Heating Elements (Defrosters, Defoggers, Electric Heaters And Seats)
        • Horns And Sirens
        • Ignition Switches
        • Indicator Lights
        • Keyless Entry Keypads And Transmitters
        • Keyless Entry Transmitters
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Microphones
        • Mirrors (ELECTROCHROMATIC And Heated)
        • Motors
        • Neutral Safety Switches
        • Odometers, Speedometers And Tachometers (Cable Driven)
        • Odometers
        • Power Distribution Center
        • Pulleys
        • Receivers, Amplifiers, Equalizers And Sub-Woofer Volume Controls
        • Relay Boxes
        • Relays
        • Sealed Beams
        • Seat Heaters
        • Security Alarm Sensors
        • Sirens
        • Solenoids
        • Speakers And Microphones
        • Speedometer And Tachometer Linkages And Cables
        • Speedometer Cables
        • Speedometers
        • Starters
        • Sub-Woofer Volume Control
        • Switches
        • Tachometer Cables
        • Tachometers
        • Tape Players And Cd Players
        • TENSIONERS
        • Timers
        • Transceivers
        • Transducers
        • Vacuum Accumulators (Reservoirs)
        • Voltage Regulators
        • Washer Fluid Level Senders
        • Washer Pumps
        • Wiper Arms And Blades
        • Wiper Blades
        • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
        • Wiper Linkages
        • Wiper Nozzles
        • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Battery, Starting & Charging System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
  • Engine
    • Engine Overhaul Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Engine Identification
      • Inspection Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Magnetic Particle Inspection
          • Notes
          • Magnaflux & Magnaglo
        • Penetrant Inspection
          • Notes
          • Zyglo
          • Dye Check
        • Ultrasonic Inspection
        • X-Ray Inspection
        • Pressure Testing
      • Cleaning Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Bead Blasting
        • Chemical Cleaning
      • Component Cleaning
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Sheet Metal Parts
        • Intake & Exhaust Manifolds
      • Cylinder Head Replacement
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Installation
        • Valve Adjustment
      • Cylinder Head Overhaul
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cylinder Head Disassembly
        • Cylinder Head Cleaning & Inspection
        • Valve Springs
        • Valve Guide
          • Notes
          • Measuring Valve Guide Clearance
          • Reaming Valve Guide
          • Replacing Valve Guide
        • Valves & Valve Seats
          • Notes
          • Valve Grinding
          • Valve Lapping
          • Valve Seat Grinding
          • Valve Seat Replacement
          • Valve Seat Concentricity
        • Cylinder Head Reassembly
          • Notes
          • Valve Stem Installed Height
        • Valve Stem Oil Seals
          • Notes
          • Replacement (On-Vehicle)
        • Valve Spring Installed Height
        • Rocker Arms & Assemblies
          • Notes
          • Rocker Studs
          • Rocker Arms & Shafts
        • Push Rods
        • Lifters
          • Notes
          • Hydraulic Lifters
          • Mechanical Lifters
      • Pistons, Connecting Rods & Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Ridge Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Cleaning
          • Inspection
        • Piston & Cylinder Bore Fit
        • Assembling Piston & Connecting Rod
        • Checking Piston Ring Clearances
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Installation
        • Connecting Rod Side Clearance
        • Main & Connecting Rod Bearing Clearance
          • Notes
          • Plastigage Method
          • Micrometer & Telescopic Gauge Method
      • Crankshaft & Main Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Installation
        • Crankshaft End Play
          • Notes
          • Dial Indicator Method
          • Feeler Gauge Method
        • Cylinder Block
          • Notes
          • Block Cleaning
          • Block Inspection
          • Cylinder Bore Inspection
          • Cylinder Honing
          • Deck Warpage
          • Deck Height
          • Main Bearing Bore & Alignment
          • Expansion Plug Removal
          • Expansion Plug Installation
          • Oil Gallery Plug Removal
          • Oil Gallery Plug Installation
      • Camshaft
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Camshaft Bearings
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Camshaft Installation
        • Camshaft End Play
      • Timing Chains & Belts
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Chains
        • Timing Belts
        • Tension Adjustment
      • Timing Gears
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Gear Backlash & RUNOUT
        • Rear Main Oil Seal Installation
          • Notes
          • One-Piece Type Seal
          • Rope Type Seal
          • Split-Rubber Type Seal
      • Oil Pump
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Rotor Type
        • Gear Type
      • Break-In Procedure
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Engine Pre-Oiling
        • Initial Start-Up
        • Camshaft
        • Piston Rings
        • Final Adjustments
    • General Cooling System Service - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Maintenance
        • Draining
        • Flushing
          • Notes
          • Radiator
          • Engine Block
        • Refilling
      • Testing
        • Thermostat
        • Pressure Testing
          • Notes
          • Radiator Cap
          • Cooling System
  • Engine Performance
    • Electrostatic Discharge Warning - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Introduction
      • Handling Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
      • Checking Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
    • Engine Performance Diagnostic Routine Outline - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Where Does DRIVEABILITY Diagnosis Start?
        • Perform Basic Inspection
        • Check For Trouble Codes
        • Diagnose Symptom
        • Test System
    • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
      • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
    • Map - Engine Performance & Maintenance
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance (Including Exhaust Systems)
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Engine Performance & Maintenance CHECKSHEET
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance
        • Notes
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor
        • Accessory Belts
        • Accessory Pulleys
        • Air Conditioning Cycling Switches
        • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensors
        • Air Ducts And Tubes
        • Air Filter Elements
        • Air Filter Gaskets
        • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
        • Air Fuel Ratio Sensors
        • Air Injection Control Solenoids
        • Air Plenums
        • Air Pump Belts
        • Air Pumps (Electric Driven)
        • Air Tubes
        • Aspirator, Check And DECEL Valves
        • Baffles
        • Ballast Primary Supply Resistor Wires
        • Ballast Resistors And Primary Supply Resistors
        • Barometric Pressure Sensors
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Connectors
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
        • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
        • Belt-Driven Air Pumps
        • Boost Control Mechanism
        • Camshaft Position Sensors
        • Carburetors And Chokes
        • Casting Core Plugs And Expansion Plugs
        • Charge Air Coolers ""INTERCOOLERS"" (CAC)
        • Check Valves
        • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Chokes
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switches
        • Cold Start Injectors
        • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
        • Connectors
        • Coolant Recovery Tanks
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Motor Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Relays And Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Resistors
        • Cooling Fan Motor Sensors And Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motor Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Crankshaft Position Sensors
        • Cylinder Deactivation Solenoid
        • Cylinder Head Assemblies
        • DECEL Valves
        • Deflectors
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks And Tubes
        • Distributor Advances And Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Boots And Shields
        • Distributor Caps
        • Distributor Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Rotors
        • Distributor Shields
        • Distributors
        • Early Fuel Evaporation Valves (Heat Riser Assemblies)
        • EGR Coolers
        • EGR Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Intake And Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Plates And Coolers
        • Electronic Spark Control Modules
        • Electronic Transmission Control Devices
        • Electronic Transmission Feedback Devices
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensors
        • Engine Cooling Systems
        • Engine Covers (Oil Pan, Valve Cover, Timing Cover)
        • Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Engine Oil Canisters
        • Engine Oil Coolers (External)
        • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
        • Engine Oil Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Pressure Gauges (Mechanical)
        • Engine Oil
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Filters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Purge Devices
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canisters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Feedback Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Feedback Devices
        • Expansion Plugs
        • Fan Control Sensor
        • Fuel Accumulators And Dampers
        • Fuel And Cold Start Injectors
        • Fuel Caps
        • Fuel Dampers
        • Fuel Delivery Check Valves
        • Fuel Distributors (BOSCH Cis)
        • Fuel Filler Necks And RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel Filters
        • Fuel Injector Cleaning
        • Fuel Injectors
        • Fuel Level Senders
        • Fuel Pressure Regulators
        • Fuel Pumps (In-Tank, External, Electrical Or Mechanical)
        • Fuel Rails
        • Fuel RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel System Cleaning Service
        • Fuel Tanks
        • Fuel
        • Gaskets
        • Grommets (Valve Cover)
        • Harmonic Dampers
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Hose Clamps
        • Hose Connectors
        • Hose Couplers
        • Hoses And Tube Couplers, Connectors And Clamps
        • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
        • Housings
        • Idle Air Controls
        • Idle Speed Control Actuators
        • Ignition Boots
        • Ignition Coil Towers
        • Ignition Coils
        • Ignition Control Modules (ICM)
        • Ignition Switches
        • Ignition Terminals
        • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
        • Inertia Fuel Shut-Off Switches
        • Intake Air Temperature Sensors
        • Intake Cleaning
        • Intake Manifolds
        • In-Tank Fuel Strainers
        • INTERCOOLERS
        • Knock Sensors
        • Liquid Vapor Separators
        • Long Block Assemblies
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensors
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensors
        • Metal Air Manifolds And Pipes
        • Metal Air Pipes
        • Mix Control Solenoids
        • Motor Mounts
        • O2 Sensors
        • Oil Pans
        • Oil Pressure Sending Units
        • Oil Pump Pick-Up Screens
        • Oil Pumps
        • O-Rings, Gaskets, Seals And Spring Locks
        • Park Neutral Position Switches
        • PCV Breather Elements
        • PCV Orifices
        • PCV Valves
        • Pick-Up Assemblies (Includes Magnetic, Hall Effect And Optical)
        • Power Steering Pressure Sensors
        • Powertrain Control Modules (Pcm) And Prom
        • Powertrain Control Prom
        • Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Blades
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiators
        • Roll Over Valves
        • Sealing Compounds
        • Seals
        • Secondary Air Injection System Management Devices
        • Sensors
        • Short Block Assemblies
        • Shrouds, Baffles And Deflectors
        • Spark Plugs
        • Spring Locks
        • Super Chargers
        • Switches
        • Thermal Vacuum Valves
        • Thermostatic Air Door Assemblies
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Throttle Bodies
        • Throttle Body Cleaning
        • Throttle Cables
        • Throttle Linkages And Cables
        • Throttle Position Sensors
        • Throttle Position Switches
        • Timing Belt Sprockets
        • Timing Belts
        • Timing Covers
        • Torque Struts
        • Transmission Range Switches
        • Tube Clamps
        • Tube Connectors
        • Tube Couplers
        • Tubes
        • Turbo Chargers
        • Vacuum Connections
        • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
        • Vacuum Regulator Solenoids
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valve Covers
        • Vehicle Speed Senors
        • Volume Air Flow Sensors
        • Waste Gate And Boost Control Mechanisms
        • Waste Gate Control Solenoids
        • Water Pumps (Electric)
        • Water Pumps (Non-Electric)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Parasitic Load Explanation & Test Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • General Information
      • Testing For Parasitic Load
        • Notes
        • CHRYSLER Ignition Off Draw (IOD) Test
        • Test Procedure Using Test Switch
        • Intermittent Parasitic Load Problems
        • Diode Check & Solenoid Test
        • Quad Driver Test
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
    • Waveforms - Injector Pattern Tutorial - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose Of This Article
        • Notes
        • Scope Of This Article
      • Is A Lab Scope Necessary?
        • Introduction
        • Overview Of NOID Light
          • Notes
          • Use the Right Noid Light
        • Overview Of DVOM
          • Notes
          • Checking Injector Resistance
          • Checking Available Voltage At the Injector
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Built-In Function
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Dwell Or Duty
          • How A Duty Cycle Meter and Dwell Meter Work
          • Strengths of Dwell/Duty Meter
          • Weaknesses of Dwell/Duty Meter
      • The Two Types Of Injector Drivers
        • Notes
        • Overview
        • Voltage Controlled Circuit ("Saturated Switch")
        • Current Controlled Circuit ("Peak & Hold")
      • The Two Ways Injector Circuits Are Wired
      • Interpreting Injector Waveforms
        • Notes
        • Interpreting A Voltage Controlled Pattern
        • Interpreting A Current Controlled Pattern
      • Current Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
      • Voltage Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
  • Map - Exhaust Systems
    • Exhaust Systems
      • Notes
      • Map Standards Of Service
      • The Map Process - Overview
      • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Catalytic Converters
      • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
      • Exhaust Connections
      • Hangers
      • Heat Risers (Mechanical EFE Devices)
      • Heat Shields
      • Manifolds (Cast And Tube Type)
      • Mechanical EFE Devices
      • Muffler Valve
      • Mufflers And Resonators
    • Reason Code Explanation
  • Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
    • Map - Heating, Ventilation, & Air Conditioning
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accumulators
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Air Conditioning Fittings
        • Air Conditioning Hoses
        • Air Conditioning Metal Lines
        • Air Control Doors
        • Air Dams (External)
        • Air Distribution System
        • Belts
        • Blend Doors
        • Blower Fans (Blower Wheel Or Squirrel Cage)
        • Blower Motors
        • Blower Resistors
        • Blower Switches
        • Cabin Air Filters
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Compressor Clutch Assemblies
        • Compressors
        • Condenser Air Seals
        • Condenser Fan Motors
        • Condensers
        • Connectors
        • Control Cables
        • Control Heads (Function Selectors)
        • Control Linkages
        • Control Modules
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Blades
        • Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Evaporator Drain Tubes
        • Evaporator Filters
        • Evaporator Pressure Regulators (EPRS)
        • Evaporators
        • Expansion Valves
        • Function Selectors
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gaskets
        • Heater Cases
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Heater Hoses
        • High Pressure Relief Valves (HPRV)
        • Idlers
        • In-Line Filters
        • Metal Fittings
        • Metal Lines
        • Mix And Air Control Doors (Blend Doors)
        • ORIFACE Tubes
        • O-Rings
        • Pilot-Operated Absolutes (POAS)
        • Plenums
        • Pressure Control Valves
        • Pressure Sensors
        • Pulleys
        • Radiators
        • Receiver-DRIERS
        • Refrigerant Oil
        • Refrigerant
        • Relays
        • Seals
        • Service Ports
        • Spring Lock Couplings
        • Suction Throttling Valves (STVS)
        • Switches (Electrical)
        • TENSIONERS
        • Thermistors And Pressure Sensors
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
        • Vacuum Reservoirs
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valves In Receiver (VIRS)
        • Water Pumps (Electric Auxiliary)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Hoist/Jack
    • Jacking & Lifting
      • Description And Operation
        • Jacking and Lifting
          • Notes
          • Jacking and Lifting Points - Front and Rear
  • Identification
    • CANADIAN Model Cross-Reference
      • * Please Read This First *
      • ACURA
      • ASUNA
      • AUDI
      • BMW
      • CHRYSLER Corp.
        • CHRYSLER
        • Dodge
        • Eagle
        • PLYMOUTH
      • General Motors
        • BUICK
        • CHEVROLET
        • GMC
        • OLDSMOBILE
        • Optima
        • PONTIAC
      • HYUNDAI
      • Jaguar
      • KIA
      • MAZDA
      • MERCEDES-BENZ
      • Mercury
      • MERKUR
      • MITSUBISHI
      • NISSAN
      • RENAULT
      • SATURN
      • Smart
      • SUBARU
      • SUZUKI
      • TOYOTA
      • VOLKSWAGEN
      • VOLVO
      • All Others
    • VIN - Identification Codes
      • Description And Operation
        • Identification Codes
          • Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)
            • Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) Location
            • World Manufacturer Identifier (WMI)
            • Restraint Type Code
            • Vehicle Line and Series Code
            • Engine Code
            • Check Digit Code
            • Model Year Code
            • Assembly Plant Code
            • Production Sequence Code
          • Vehicle Certification (VC) Label
            • Vehicle Certification (VC) Label Location
            • Paint Code
            • Interior Trim Code
            • Tape and Paint Stripe Code
            • Radio Code
            • Axle Ratio Code
            • Transmission Code
            • Spring Code
            • Powertrain Calibration Information
              • Notes
              • Model Year
              • Vehicle Code
              • Transmission Code
              • Unique Calibration
              • Fleet Code
              • Certification Regions
              • Revision Level
  • Metric Conversions
    • Engine Displacement Conversion Table - ECAT
      • Conversion Table
    • Metric Conversions
      • Metric Conversions
        • Notes
        • Length
        • Volume
        • Torque
        • Pressure
      • Conversion Factors
  • OEM General Information
    • Automatic Stop/Start Disable
      • Auto Stop/Start Disable
        • Notes
        • Disable Conditions
        • Disable Button
    • Fire Suppression System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Fire Suppression System
          • Notes
          • Fire Suppression System Module (FSSM)
          • Fire Suppression Manual Switch
          • Fire Suppressors
          • Fire Suppression Manifolds
          • Electrical System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Fire Suppression System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTCs B2900 and P0630
              • Normal Operation
              • PINPOINT TEST A: DTCs B2900 AND P0630
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B299A
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B299A
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B29A4
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B29A4
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTCs B299F and B29A9
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • PINPOINT TEST D: DTCs B299F AND B29A9
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTCs B299B And B29A5
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • PINPOINT TEST E: DTCs B299B AND B29A5
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTCs B299C and B29A6
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • PINPOINT TEST F: DTCs B299C AND B29A6
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTCs B29A1, B29AB, B29A3 and B29AD
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • PINPOINT TEST G: DTCs B29A1, B29AB, B29A3 AND B29AD
            • Pinpoint Test H: DTCs B299E and B29A8
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • PINPOINT TEST H: DTCs B299E AND B29A8
            • Pinpoint Test I: DTC B2792
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test I: DTC B2792 - Cross Link Between Firing Loops
            • Pinpoint Test J: DTCs B29AF, B29B0, B29B1 and B29B2
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • PINPOINT TEST J: DTCs B29AF, B29B0, B29B1 AND B29B2
            • Pinpoint Test K: DTC B1317
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test K: DTC B1317
            • Pinpoint Test L: DTC B1318
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test L: DTC B1318
      • General Procedures
        • Fire Suppression System Depowering and Repowering
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Depowering procedure
          • Repowering procedure
      • Removal And Installation
        • Fire Suppression System Module (FSSM)
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fire Suppression Manifold
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fire Suppressor
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fire Suppression Manual Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
    • Jacking & Lifting
      • Description And Operation
        • Jacking and Lifting
          • Notes
          • Jacking and Lifting Points - Front and Rear
    • Noise, Vibration & Harshness
      • Description And Operation
        • Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)
          • Notes
          • Acceptable NVH
          • Glossary of Terms
            • Amplitude
            • Boom
            • Buffet/Buffeting
            • Buzz
            • Chatter
            • Chirp
            • Chuckle
            • Click
            • Clonk
            • Clunk/Driveline Clunk
            • Conductor
            • Cycles Per Second
            • Cracks
            • Creak
            • Cycle
            • Decibel (dB)
            • Drone
            • Drumming
            • Flutter
            • Frequency
            • G-force
            • Gravelly Feel
            • Grind
            • Hertz (Hz)
            • Hiss
            • Hoot
            • Howl
            • Hum
            • Intensity
            • Knock
            • Moan
            • Ping
            • Pitch
            • Pumping Feel
            • Rattle
            • Reactor
            • Roughness
            • Rustling
            • Shake
            • Shimmy
            • Shudder
            • Slap
            • Squeak
            • Squeal
            • Tap
            • Thump
            • Tick
            • Tip-In Moan
            • Transient
            • Vibration
            • Whine
            • Whistle
            • Wind Noise
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Diagnostic Theory
          • Diagnostic Procedure Overview
          • Tools and Techniques
            • Notes
            • NVH Analyzer (Vetronix)
            • Electronic Vibration Analyzer (EVA)
            • Vibrate Software®
            • Reed Tachometer
            • Sirometer
            • Combination EngineEAR/ChassisEAR
            • EngineEAR Basic Unit
            • Mechanic's Stethoscope
            • Squeak and Rattle Repair Kit
            • Ultrasonic Leak Detector
          • Write-Up Job Aid
          • 1: Customer Interview
          • 2: Pre-Drive Check
          • 3: Preparing for the Road Test
          • 4: Verify the Customer Concern
          • 5: Road Test
            • Notes
            • Slow Acceleration Test
            • Heavy Acceleration Test
            • Neutral Coast Down Speed Test
            • Downshift Speed Test
            • Steering Input Test
            • Brake Test
            • Road Test Over Bumps
            • Neutral Engine Run-Up (NERU) Test
            • Drive Engine Run-Up (DERU) Load Test
            • Engine Accessory Test
            • Vehicle Cold Soak Procedure
          • Classify NVH Symptom
          • Noise Symptoms
          • Vibration Symptoms
            • Notes
            • Order of Vibration
            • Relationship of Vibration Frequency to Order of Vibration
          • Frequency Calculations
            • Calculating Tire and Wheel Frequency
            • Calculating Driveshaft Frequency
            • Calculating Engine Frequency
            • Calculating Engine Accessory Frequency
            • Calculating Engine Firing Frequency
            • Frequency and RPM Calculations Worksheet
          • Harshness Symptoms
            • Notes
            • NVH Symptom Chart Categories
          • Symptom Chart - Vehicle-Speed Related Vibrations
          • Symptom Chart - Tire-Speed Related Vibrations
          • Symptom Chart - Driveshaft-Speed Related Vibrations
          • Symptom Chart - Engine-Speed Related Vibrations
          • Symptom Chart - Noise, Air Leaks or Water Leaks
          • Symptom Chart - Harshness
    • VIN - Identification Codes
      • Description And Operation
        • Identification Codes
          • Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)
            • Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) Location
            • World Manufacturer Identifier (WMI)
            • Restraint Type Code
            • Vehicle Line and Series Code
            • Engine Code
            • Check Digit Code
            • Model Year Code
            • Assembly Plant Code
            • Production Sequence Code
          • Vehicle Certification (VC) Label
            • Vehicle Certification (VC) Label Location
            • Paint Code
            • Interior Trim Code
            • Tape and Paint Stripe Code
            • Radio Code
            • Axle Ratio Code
            • Transmission Code
            • Spring Code
            • Powertrain Calibration Information
              • Notes
              • Model Year
              • Vehicle Code
              • Transmission Code
              • Unique Calibration
              • Fleet Code
              • Certification Regions
              • Revision Level
  • Reset Procedures
    • ATEQ TPMS Reset Procedure
      • ATEQ TPMS Reset Procedure
    • BARTEC TPMS Reset Procedure
      • BARTEC TPMS Reset Procedure
    • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
      • A/C Filter Service Reminder
        • Notes
        • A/C Filter Service Reminder Reset Procedure
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder
        • Notes
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
          • Oil Life Reset - Base Instrument Cluster
          • Oil Life Reset - Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
          • Non-Hybrid
          • Hybrid
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
          • Owner's Manual 1
          • Owner's Manual 2
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 11
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 12
          • With Base Instrument Cluster
          • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 13
          • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
          • With Base Instrument Cluster
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 14
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 15
          • Base Message Center
          • Uplevel Message Center
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 16
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 17
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 18
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 19
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 20
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 21
          • Notes
          • Without Message Center
          • With Message Center
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 22
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 23
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 24
          • Path 1
          • Path 2
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 25
          • Base Cluster
          • High Series Cluster
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 26
          • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 2.3 Inch Screen/4.2 Inch Screen
          • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 8 Inch Screen
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 27
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 28
      • Maintenance Service Reminder (Overhead Warning Lights)
        • Notes
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset Procedure
      • Maintenance Service Reminder (Sri)
        • Notes
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Maintenance Service Reminder (VMM)
        • Notes
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Tire Pressure Monitor System Reminder
        • Notes
        • Tire Pressure Sensor Types
          • Notes
          • Banded Sensor
          • Valve Mounted Bolt-On Sensor
          • Valve Mounted Snap-In Sensor
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
          • Notes
          • Vehicles With Message Center
          • Vehicles Without Message Center
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
          • Notes
          • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Single Rear Wheel
          • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Dual Rear Wheel
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
          • Overview
          • Carrying Out the System Reset Procedure
          • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 2.3" information display, scroll to:
          • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 4.2" information display, scroll to:
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
    • Tire Pressure Monitor Systems
      • Model Coverage
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Tire Pressure Monitor (TPM) System
        • Tire Pressure Monitor Warning Indicators
      • TPMS Reset Procedures
        • Notes
        • Tire Pressure Sensor Training
        • Tire Pressure Sensor Activation
      • Dismounting/Mounting Procedures
        • Notes
        • Tire Pressure Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Tire Pressure Sensor Strap & Cradle
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Torque Specifications
  • Specifications Index
    • Common Specs & Procedures
      • Specifications Index
  • Steering
    • Map - Steering, Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels & Tires
      • Steering & Suspension Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Wheel And Tire
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
      • Steering & Suspension CHECKSHEET
      • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
      • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
        • Notes
        • Active Handling
        • Active Suspension Control Modules
        • Active Variable Ratio Steering
        • Active Yaw Control
        • Adaptive Cruise Control
        • Advance TRAC
        • Air Bags
        • Air Ride Control Modules
        • Air Ride Suspension Torsion Springs (Counter Balancing)
        • Air Ride Suspension
        • Air Ride Tubes
        • Air Shocks And Air Struts
        • Air Spring Valves
        • Air Springs
        • Air Suspension Control Valves
        • Air Suspension DRIERS
        • Axle Acceleration Sensor
        • Ball Joints
        • Body Acceleration Sensor
        • Bushings
        • Center Links
        • Compressors
        • Continuous Damping Control
        • Control Arm Shafts
        • Control Arms
        • Control Modules
        • Distance Regulation Control Module
        • Distance Regulation Sensor
        • Drag Links
        • Dynamic Stability Control
        • Dynamic Stability Traction Control
        • Electronic Ride Control Shocks And Struts
        • Electronic Stability Control
        • Electronic Suspension System
        • Flex Couplers
        • Gaskets
        • Height Sensors
        • Hydraulic Hoses
        • Hydraulic Power Steering Pumps
        • Hydraulic Suspension Hoses
        • Hydraulic Suspension Pumps
        • Idler Arms
        • Intermediate Shaft U-Joints
        • King Pins
        • Modules
        • Pitman Arms
        • Power Steering Belts
        • Power Steering Coolers
        • Power Steering Fluid
        • Power Steering Hoses
        • Power Steering Lines (Steel)
        • Power Steering Pumps - Electric
        • Power Steering Pumps
        • Radar Sensor
        • Radius Arms
        • Relay Rods
        • Relays
        • Sensors
        • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
        • Spindles
        • Springs, Coil, Leaf And Torsion Bars
        • STABILITRAC
        • Stability Management System
        • Steering Angle Sensor
        • Steering Arms
        • Steering Couplers
        • Steering Dampers
        • Steering Gears (Except Rack And Pinion)
        • Steering Gears, Rack And Pinion
        • Steering Knuckles
        • Strike Out Bumpers
        • Strut Bearing Plate Assemblies
        • Strut Rods
        • Suspension Pumps (Hydraulic)
        • Sway Bar Links
        • Sway Bar Mounting Bushings
        • Sway Bars
        • Switches
        • Tie Rod Ends (Inner And Outer)
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
        • Tire Pressure Sensors
        • Tires
        • Torque Sensor
        • Torsion Springs
        • Track Bar Bushings
        • Track Bars
        • Trailing Arm Bushings
        • Trailing Arms
        • Valve Stems
        • Vehicle Dynamics Control
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor
        • Vehicle Stability Assist
        • Vehicle Stability/Skid Control
        • Warning Lamps
        • Wheel Alignment
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheels (Rims)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Pre-Alignment Instructions
        • Notes
        • General Alignment Checks
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Camber
        • Caster
        • Toe-In Adjustment
        • Toe-Out On Turns
        • Steering Axis Inclination
  • Traction Control Disable Procedures
    • Traction Control Disable
  • Trouble Shooting - Manual Transmission - General Information
    • * Please Read This First *
    • Introduction
• Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
  • General Servicing
    • Cabin Air Filter (Special Applications) - General Information
      • Cabin Air Filter Applications
  • HVAC Control Systems
    • HVAC - Climate Control System
      • Specifications
        • Item Specification
        • Torque Specifications Chart
      • Description And Operation
        • Air Conditioning
          • Notes
          • A/C Compressor and Clutch Assembly
          • A/C Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • A/C Condenser/Transmission Combo Cooler
          • A/C Evaporator Core
          • A/C Evaporator Core Orifice
          • Suction Accumulator
          • A/C Pressure Sensor
          • A/C Cycling Switch
          • Spring Lock Coupling
          • A/C Line (Peanut) Fitting
          • Service Gauge Port Valves
          • Refrigerant System Dye
        • Air Distribution and Filtering
        • Control Components
          • Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC)
          • Control System Inputs - Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC)
            • HVAC Module
            • Steering Wheel Audio/Climate Control Switch
            • Ambient Air Temperature Sensor
            • In-Vehicle Temperature Sensor
            • Sunload Sensor
          • Control System Outputs - Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC)
            • Blower Motor Speed Control
            • Temperature Blend Door Actuator
            • Vacuum Control Motors
          • Manual Climate Control
          • Control System Inputs - Manual Climate Control
            • Climate Control Assembly
          • Control System Outputs - Manual Climate Control
            • Blower Motor Resistor
            • Temperature Blend Door Actuator
            • Vacuum Control Motors
        • Heating and Ventilation
          • Notes
          • Heater Core
          • Blower Motor
          • Heater Control Valve
      • Removal And Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Pressure Relief Valve
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Air Inlet Duct
          • Removal and Installation
        • Ambient Air Temperature Sensor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Blower Motor
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Blower Motor Speed Control
          • Removal and Installation
        • Blower Motor Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Climate Control Assembly
          • Removal and Installation
        • Clutch and Clutch Field Coil
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor to Condenser Discharge Line
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Condenser Core
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Condenser to Evaporator Line
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Evaporator Core
          • Removal and Installation
        • Evaporator Core Housing
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Evaporator Core Orifice
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Footwell Duct - Rear
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Function Selector Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Heater Core
          • Removal and Installation
        • Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning (HVAC) Module
          • Removal and Installation
        • In-Vehicle Temperature Sensor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Plenum Chamber
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Register - Driver Side and Center
          • Removal and Installation
        • Register - Passenger Side
          • Removal and Installation
        • Suction Accumulator
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Suction Accumulator to Compressor Line
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Suction Accumulator To Evaporator Line
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Temperature Blend Door Actuator
          • Removal and Installation
        • Temperature Control Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Air Inlet Door
          • Removal and Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Floor Defrost Door
          • Removal and Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Panel Door
          • Removal and Installation
        • Vacuum Reservoir
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
    • HVAC - Climate Control System - General Information And Diagnostics
      • Specifications
        • Item Specification
      • Description And Operation
        • Climate Control System
          • Notes
          • External Temperature Display
          • System Air Flow Description - Manual Climate Control
            • Max A/C
            • Norm A/C
            • Vent
            • Off
            • Floor
            • Mix
            • Defrost
          • System Airflow Description - Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC)
            • Automatic
            • Max A/C
            • Norm A/C
            • Vent
            • Off
            • Floor
            • Floor/Defrost
            • Defrost
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Climate Control System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Compressor Anti-Slugging Strategy (CASS)
            • The Refrigerant Cycle
              • Notes
              • Clutch Cycling Orifice Tube Type Refrigerant System
          • Vacuum System
            • Vacuum Schematic - Manual A/C
            • Vacuum Connector End View - Manual A/C
            • Vacuum Schematic - Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC)
            • Vacuum Connector End View - Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (EATC)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • PCM DTC Chart
          • DTC Chart
          • Symptom Chart - Climate Control Systems
          • Symptom Chart - NVH
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTC P0532 or P0533
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: DTC P0532 Or P0533
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC P0645
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: DTC P0645
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1249
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1249
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1251 or B1253
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1251 Or B1253
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1255 or B1257
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1255 Or B1257
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC B1259 or B1261
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: DTC B1259 Or B1261
            • Pinpoint Test G: Unable to Duplicate the Customer Concern and No DTCs Present
              • Normal Operation
              • PINPOINT TEST G: UNABLE TO DUPLICATE THE CUSTOMER CONCERN AND NO DTCs PRESENT
            • Pinpoint Test H: Incorrect/Erratic Direction of Airflow from Outlets - Manual Climate Control
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test H: Incorrect/Erratic Direction Of Airflow From Outlets - Manual Climate Control
            • Pinpoint Test I: Incorrect/Erratic Direction of Airflow from Outlets - EATC
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test I: Incorrect/Erratic Direction Of Airflow From Outlets - EATC
            • Pinpoint Test J: Insufficient, Erratic or No Heat
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test J: Insufficient, Erratic Or No Heat
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Air Conditioning (A/C) is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test K: The Air Conditioning (A/C) Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Air Conditioning (A/C) is Always On - A/C Compressor Does Not Cycle
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test L: The Air Conditioning (A/C) Is Always On - A/C Compressor Does Not Cycle
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Air Conditioning (A/C) is Always On - A/C Mode Always Commanded ON
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test M: The Air Conditioning (A/C) Is Always On - A/C Mode Always Commanded On
            • Pinpoint Test N: Temperature Control is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly - Manual Climate Control
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test N: Temperature Control Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly - Manual Climate Control
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Blower Motor is Inoperative - Manual Climate Control
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test O: The Blower Motor Is Inoperative - Manual Climate Control
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Blower Motor Does Not Operate Correctly - Manual Climate Control
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test P: The Blower Motor Does Not Operate Correctly - Manual Climate Control
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The Blower Motor is Inoperative - EATC
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Q: The Blower Motor Is Inoperative - EATC
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Blower Motor Does Not Operate Correctly - EATC
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test R: The Blower Motor Does Not Operate Correctly - EATC
          • Component Tests
            • Resistor - Blower Motor
            • Temperature Sensor - Ambient
            • Temperature Sensor - In-Vehicle
            • Heater Core
              • Notes
              • Heater Core - Plugged
            • Heater Core - Pressure Test
              • Notes
              • Heater Core - Bench Test
              • A/C Evaporator/Condenser Core - On Vehicle Leak Test
            • A/C Compressor - External Leak Test
      • General Procedures
        • Spring Lock Coupling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Disconnect
          • Connect
        • Refrigerant System Tests
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Procedure 1 - Ambient Temperature at or Below 38°C (100°F)
          • Procedure 2 - Ambient Temperature Above 38°C (100°F)
          • Diagnostic Chart
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Clutch Air Gap Adjustment
        • Electronic Leak Detection
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Fluorescent Dye Leak Detection
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Fluorescent Dye Injection Using a R-134a Refrigerant Management Machine and Dye Injector - Vehicles Requiring R-134a Addition
          • Fluorescent Dye Injection Using a R-134a Loop/Add On Injector Kit-Set - Vehicles Not Requiring R-134a Addition
          • Fluorescent Dye Detection
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Recovery, Evacuation and Charging
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Refrigerant System Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation Using a R-134a Refrigerant Management Machine
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation Using a R-134a Manifold Gauge Set and Vacuum Pump
          • Refrigerant System Charging Using a R-134a Refrigerant Management Machine
          • Refrigerant System Charging Using a R-134a Manifold Gauge Set and Automatic Refrigerant Charging Meter
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Flushing
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
        • Refrigerant System Filtering Following Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor Installation
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
        • Refrigerant Oil Adding
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Refrigerant Oil Adding
          • Adding Refrigerant Oil After A/C Compressor Replacement
            • Service A/C compressors shipped without clutch and pulley
            • Service A/C compressors shipped with clutch and pulley
          • Adding Refrigerant Oil After New Suction Accumulator or Receiver/Drier Replacement
          • Adding Refrigerant Oil After Multiple Component Replacement After A/C System Contamination
          • Oil Injection Using a Dye/Lubricant Injector
        • Refrigerant Identification Testing
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Refrigerant Identification
          • Contaminated Refrigerant Handling
        • Vacuum Hose Repair - Mini-Tube
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Odor Treatment
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
• Maintenance
  • Procedures
    • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
      • A/C Filter Service Reminder
        • Notes
        • A/C Filter Service Reminder Reset Procedure
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder
        • Notes
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
          • Oil Life Reset - Base Instrument Cluster
          • Oil Life Reset - Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
          • Non-Hybrid
          • Hybrid
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
          • Owner's Manual 1
          • Owner's Manual 2
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 11
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 12
          • With Base Instrument Cluster
          • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 13
          • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
          • With Base Instrument Cluster
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 14
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 15
          • Base Message Center
          • Uplevel Message Center
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 16
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 17
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 18
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 19
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 20
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 21
          • Notes
          • Without Message Center
          • With Message Center
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 22
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 23
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 24
          • Path 1
          • Path 2
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 25
          • Base Cluster
          • High Series Cluster
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 26
          • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 2.3 Inch Screen/4.2 Inch Screen
          • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 8 Inch Screen
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 27
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 28
      • Maintenance Service Reminder (Overhead Warning Lights)
        • Notes
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset Procedure
      • Maintenance Service Reminder (Sri)
        • Notes
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Maintenance Service Reminder (VMM)
        • Notes
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Tire Pressure Monitor System Reminder
        • Notes
        • Tire Pressure Sensor Types
          • Notes
          • Banded Sensor
          • Valve Mounted Bolt-On Sensor
          • Valve Mounted Snap-In Sensor
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
          • Notes
          • Vehicles With Message Center
          • Vehicles Without Message Center
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
          • Notes
          • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Single Rear Wheel
          • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Dual Rear Wheel
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
          • Overview
          • Carrying Out the System Reset Procedure
          • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 2.3" information display, scroll to:
          • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 4.2" information display, scroll to:
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
    • Maintenance Schedule
      • Description And Operation
        • Maintenance Schedules - Gasoline Engines
          • Notes
          • General Maintenance Information
          • Engine Idle Hour Meter - Crown Victoria Police Interceptor, Taxi and Executive Series Town Car Equipped with Engine Idle Hour Meter
          • Special Operating Condition Requirements
          • Checks and Services
            • Notes
            • Multi-Point Inspection
          • Normal Schedule
          • Exceptions To Normal Schedule
• Restraints
  • Air Bag, SRS
    • Supplemental Restraint System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Air Bag and Safety Belt Pretensioner Supplemental Restraint System (SRS)
          • Notes
          • Air Bag and Safety Belt Pretensioner Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) Deployable Components
          • Air Bag and Safety Belt Pretensioner Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) Sensor Components
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Air Bag and Safety Belt Pretensioner Supplemental Restraint System (SRS)
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Air Bag Warning Indicator
            • Air Bag Module Second Stage Deployment
            • Clockspring
            • Driver Air Bag Module
            • Impact Sensors
            • Loops/Squibs
            • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS) System
            • Occupant Classification System Module (OCSM)
            • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation (PAD) Indicator
            • Safety Belt Tension Sensor (BTS)
            • Passenger Air Bag Module
            • Restraints Control Module (RCM)
            • Safety Belt Buckle Switches
            • Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioners
            • Seat Track Position Sensor
            • Secondary Air Bag Warning (Chime)
            • Seat Side Air Bag Module
          • Diagnostic Instructions
            • Notes
            • Self Test/Continuous Memory and Clear DTCs
            • Lamp Fault Code (LFC)
            • Fault PIDs
            • Prove Out Procedure
          • Glossary
            • Air Bag/Pretensioner Restraint System Diagnostic Tools
            • Deactivate the Supplemental Restraint System (SRS)
            • Depower the SRS
            • Reactivate the SRS
            • Repower the SRS
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Air Bag Warning Indicator is Illuminated Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Air Bag Warning Indicator Is Illuminated Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1869
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1869
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1870
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1870
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1884
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1884
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1890
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1890
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC B1891
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: DTC B1891
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTC B1892
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test G: DTC B1892
            • Pinpoint Test H: B1921
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test H: DTC B1921
            • Pinpoint Test I: DTC B2290
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test I: DTC B2290
            • Pinpoint Test J: DTC B2292
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test J: DTC B2292
            • Pinpoint Test K: DTC B2293
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test K: DTC B2293
            • Pinpoint Test L: DTC B2295
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test L: DTC B2295
            • Pinpoint Test M: DTC B2296
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test M: DTC B2296
            • Pinpoint Test N: DTC B2432
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test N: DTC B2432
            • Pinpoint Test O: DTC B2433
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test O: DTC B2433
            • Pinpoint Test P: DTC B2434
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test P: DTC B2434
            • Pinpoint Test Q: DTC B2435
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Q: DTC B2435
            • Pinpoint Test R: DTC B2436
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test R: DTC B2436
            • Pinpoint Test S: DTC B2437
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test S: DTC B2437
            • Pinpoint Test T: DTC B2438
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test T: DTC B2438
            • Pinpoint Test U: DTC B2439
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test U: DTC B2439
            • Pinpoint Test V: DTC B2792
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test V: B2792
            • Pinpoint Test W: DTC B2909
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test W: DTC B2909
            • Pinpoint Test X: DTC C1414
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test X: DTC C1414
            • Pinpoint Test Y: DTC C1946
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Y: DTC C1946
            • Pinpoint Test Z: DTC C1947
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Z: DTC C1947
            • Pinpoint Test AA: DTC C1948
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Aa: DTC C1948
            • Pinpoint Test AB: DTC C1982
              • Notes
              • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ab: DTC C1982
            • Pinpoint Test AC: DTC B1317/B1318
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation - Restraints Control Module (RCM)
              • Pinpoint Test Ac: DTC B1317/B1318
      • General Procedures
        • Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) Depowering and Repowering
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Depowering Procedure
          • Repowering Procedure
        • Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) Deactivation and Reactivation
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Deactivation
          • Reactivation
        • Inspection and Repair After a Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) Deployment
        • Pyrotechnic Device Disposal
          • Disposal of Deployable Devices and Pyrotechnic Devices That are Undeployed/Inoperative
          • Disposal of Deployable Devices and Pyrotechnic Devices That Are Deployed
          • Disposal of Deployable Devices and Pyrotechnic Devices That Require Manual Deployment
          • Driver Air Bag Module, Passenger Air Bag Module and Seat Side Air Bag Modules - Remote Deployment
          • Safety Belt Buckle Pretensioners, Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioners and Adaptive Load Limiting Safety Belt Retractors - Remote Deployment
          • Safety Belt Buckle Pretensioners, Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioners and Load Limiting Safety Belt Retractors - In-Vehicle Deployment
          • Safety Canopy® Modules and Side Air Curtain Modules - In-Vehicle Deployment
          • Deployable Steering Column - In-Vehicle Deployment
      • Removal And Installation
        • Front Impact Severity Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Side Impact Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Restraints Control Module (RCM)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Driver Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Passenger Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Clockspring
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Occupant Classification Sensor
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Seat with OEM Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS)
          • Seat with a Service Kit Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Position Sensor
          • Vehicles with Power Seats
          • Vehicles with Manual Seats
          • Removal and Installation
        • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation (PAD) Indicator
  • Passive Restraints
    • Safety Belt System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specification
      • Description And Operation
        • Safety Belt System
          • Notes
          • Active Restraint System Components
          • Safety Belt Retractors
          • Safety Belt Retractor and Pretensioner
          • Emergency Locking Retractor (ELR)
          • Automatic Locking Retractor (ALR)
          • Safety Belt Buckles
            • Front Safety Belt Buckles
            • Belt Tension Sensor (BTS)
            • Rear Safety Belt Buckles
          • Child Safety Seat Restraints
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Safety Belt System
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Safety Belt Warning System
            • Belt-Minder®
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Test
            • Notes
            • Functional Test - Safety Belt Buckle and Tongue
            • Functional Test - Safety Belt Retractor
            • Functional Test - Safety Belt Retractor, Automatic Locking Retractor (ALR) Mode
            • Functional Test - Safety Belt Retractor, Road Test Inspection
      • General Procedures
        • Safety Belt Cleaning
        • Safety Belt Maintenance
        • Safety Belt Procedure After a Collision
        • Safety Belt Tongue Rotated on Belt
        • Safety Belt Twisted at the Safety Belt Guide
      • Removal And Installation
        • Child Safety Seat Tether Anchor
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Child Safety Seat Tether Anchor - LATCH
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Safety Belt Buckle - Front, Center
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Safety Belt Buckle - Front
          • Notes
          • Removal
        • Safety Belt Retractor and Pretensioner
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Safety Belt Retractor - Rear, Center
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Safety Belt Buckle - Rear
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Safety Belt Retractor - Rear
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Safety Belt Shoulder Height Adjuster
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
• Steering
  • Manual Steering
    • Power Steering System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Power Steering
          • Power Steering - Hydraulic System
          • Power Steering Gear Identification
          • Power Steering Pump Identification
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Power Steering
      • Removal And Installation
        • Power Steering Fluid Reservoir
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Power Steering Pump
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Power Steering Pump Pulley
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Power Steering Fluid Cooler
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Power Steering Pump to Steering Gear Pressure Line
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Steering Gear
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Inner Tie Rod
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Steering Gear Turn Tubes
          • Material
    • Steering System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Principles of Operation
            • Power Steering
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Steering System Symptom Definitions
            • Drift/Pull
            • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Lack of Assist or Inconsistent Assist
            • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
            • Wander
          • Symptom Chart - Steering System
          • Symptom Chart - NVH
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Steering Has Lack of Assist or Inconsistent Assist
              • Notes
              • Pinpoint Test A: Steering Has Lack Of Assist Or Inconsistent Assist
            • Pinpoint Test B: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
              • Notes
              • Pinpoint Test B: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Pinpoint Test C: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
              • Notes
              • Pinpoint Test C: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
          • Component Tests
            • Power Steering Fluid Leak Test
            • Steering Gear Valve Test
            • Steering Gear Grunt/Shudder Test
            • Steering Linkage Test
      • General Procedures
        • Power Steering System Flushing
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Purging
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Filling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
  • Power Steering
    • Power Steering System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Power Steering
          • Power Steering - Hydraulic System
          • Power Steering Gear Identification
          • Power Steering Pump Identification
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Power Steering
      • Removal And Installation
        • Power Steering Fluid Reservoir
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Power Steering Pump
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Power Steering Pump Pulley
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Power Steering Fluid Cooler
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Power Steering Pump to Steering Gear Pressure Line
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Steering Gear
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Inner Tie Rod
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Steering Gear Turn Tubes
          • Material
    • Steering System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Principles of Operation
            • Power Steering
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Steering System Symptom Definitions
            • Drift/Pull
            • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Lack of Assist or Inconsistent Assist
            • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
            • Wander
          • Symptom Chart - Steering System
          • Symptom Chart - NVH
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Steering Has Lack of Assist or Inconsistent Assist
              • Notes
              • Pinpoint Test A: Steering Has Lack Of Assist Or Inconsistent Assist
            • Pinpoint Test B: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
              • Notes
              • Pinpoint Test B: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Pinpoint Test C: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
              • Notes
              • Pinpoint Test C: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
          • Component Tests
            • Power Steering Fluid Leak Test
            • Steering Gear Valve Test
            • Steering Gear Grunt/Shudder Test
            • Steering Linkage Test
      • General Procedures
        • Power Steering System Flushing
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Purging
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Filling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
  • Steering Column
    • Specifications
      • Material Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Steering Column
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Steering Column
    • Removal And Installation
      • Steering Wheel
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Removal and Installation
      • Steering Column
      • Steering Column Shaft
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
      • Steering Column Shroud
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
    • Disassembly And Assembly
      • Steering Column
        • Material
        • Disassembly
        • Assembly
• Suspension
  • Electronic Suspension - Vehicle Dynamic Suspension
    • Specifications
      • Material Specification
      • Torque Specification
    • Description And Operation
      • Vehicle Dynamic Suspension
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Vehicle Dynamic Suspension
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Principles of Operation
          • Notes
          • Vehicle Dynamics Module (VDM)
            • Notes
            • Air Suspension Switch
            • Air Compressor
            • Air Suspension Rotary Height Sensor
            • Solenoid Valve, Air Spring
        • Inspection and Verification
          • Notes
          • Vehicle Dynamics Module (VDM) DTC Chart
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: DTC B1317/B1318
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTC B1317/B1318
          • Pinpoint Test B: DTC C1724
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC C1724
          • Pinpoint Test C: DTC C1726
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC C1726
          • Pinpoint Test D: DTC C1885
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC C1885
          • Pinpoint Test E: DTC C1770
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC C1770
          • Pinpoint Test F: DTCs C1790/C1795
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • PINPOINT TEST F: DTCs C1790/C1795
          • Pinpoint Test G: DTC C1830
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTC C1830
          • Pinpoint Test H: DTC C1840 - The Scan Tool Indicates Self-Test Failure When Attempting to Carry Out the Self-Test
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test H: DTC C1840 - The Scan Tool Indicates Self-Test Failure When Attempting To Carry Out The Self-Test
          • Pinpoint Test I: The Air Compressor is Inoperative
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Air Compressor Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test J: The Air Compressor Continuously Cycles with the Ignition Switch in the OFF Position and No DTCs Are Set
            • Notes
            • Normal Operation
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Air Compressor Continuously Cycles With The Ignition Switch In The Off Position And No DTCS Are Set
        • Component Test
          • Air Suspension Relay
          • Pneumatic Test
          • Trim Height Test (or Accurate Trim Test)
    • General Procedures
      • Ride Height Adjustments
        • Special Tool(s)
      • Air Leaks
        • Notes
        • Air Tube Repair
      • Air Line Fluid Purge
      • Air Spring Inflation and Deflation
        • Special Tool(s)
      • Air Spring Refold
    • Removal And Installation
      • Air Suspension Switch
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
      • Air Suspension Compressor
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
      • Air Suspension Compressor Drier
        • Material
        • Removal and Installation
      • Vehicle Dynamics Module (VDM)
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
      • Air Spring
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Air Spring Solenoid Valve
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Material
        • Removal and Installation
      • Suspension Height Sensor
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
  • Front Suspension
    • Front Suspension
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Front Suspension
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Front Suspension
      • Removal And Installation
        • Wheel Bearing and Wheel Hub
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Wheel Knuckle
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Wheel Studs
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lower Arm
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Upper Arm
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Stabilizer Bar
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Stabilizer Bar Link
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Ball Joint - Lower
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shock Absorber and Spring Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Shock Absorber and Spring Assembly
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Suspension System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Alignment Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Wheel Alignment Angles
          • Camber Adjustment
          • Caster Adjustment
          • Camber
            • Negative and Positive Camber
          • Caster
          • Toe
            • Positive Toe (Toe In)
            • Negative Toe (Toe Out)
          • Wander
          • Shimmy
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Drift/Pull
          • Poor Groove Feel
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Suspension System
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Suspension System
          • Symptom Chart - NVH
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Vehicle Drifts/Pulls
              • Notes
              • Pinpoint Test A: Vehicle Drifts/Pulls
          • Component Test
            • Ball Joint Inspection
      • General Procedures
        • Ride Height Measurement
          • Front Ride Height Measurement
          • Rear Ride Height Measurement
        • Camber and Caster Adjustment
          • Camber
        • Toe Adjustment
  • Rear Suspension
    • Rear Suspension System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Rear Suspension
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Rear Suspension
      • Removal And Installation
        • Wheel Studs
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lower Arm
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Upper Arm
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lateral Arm and Watts Link Pivot Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Stabilizer Bar and Link
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Shock Absorber
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Spring - Coil
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Suspension System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Alignment Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Wheel Alignment Angles
          • Camber Adjustment
          • Caster Adjustment
          • Camber
            • Negative and Positive Camber
          • Caster
          • Toe
            • Positive Toe (Toe In)
            • Negative Toe (Toe Out)
          • Wander
          • Shimmy
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Drift/Pull
          • Poor Groove Feel
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Suspension System
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Suspension System
          • Symptom Chart - NVH
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Vehicle Drifts/Pulls
              • Notes
              • Pinpoint Test A: Vehicle Drifts/Pulls
          • Component Test
            • Ball Joint Inspection
      • General Procedures
        • Ride Height Measurement
          • Front Ride Height Measurement
          • Rear Ride Height Measurement
        • Camber and Caster Adjustment
          • Camber
        • Toe Adjustment
  • Wheel Alignment
    • Suspension System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Alignment Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Wheel Alignment Angles
          • Camber Adjustment
          • Caster Adjustment
          • Camber
            • Negative and Positive Camber
          • Caster
          • Toe
            • Positive Toe (Toe In)
            • Negative Toe (Toe Out)
          • Wander
          • Shimmy
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Drift/Pull
          • Poor Groove Feel
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Suspension System
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Suspension System
          • Symptom Chart - NVH
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Vehicle Drifts/Pulls
              • Notes
              • Pinpoint Test A: Vehicle Drifts/Pulls
          • Component Test
            • Ball Joint Inspection
      • General Procedures
        • Ride Height Measurement
          • Front Ride Height Measurement
          • Rear Ride Height Measurement
        • Camber and Caster Adjustment
          • Camber
        • Toe Adjustment
  • Wheels & Tire System
    • Wheels & Tires
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Wheels And Tires
          • Notes
          • Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)
            • Notes
            • Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Module
            • Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Pressure Sensor
            • Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Pressure Sensor Cradle
            • Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Pressure Sensor Strap
              • Notes
              • Instrument Cluster (IC) and Message Center
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Wheels And Tires
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Tire Wear
              • Notes
              • Normal Tire Wear
              • Abnormal/Incorrect Tire Wear
              • Inner Edge/Shoulder Wear
              • Outer Edge/Shoulder Wear
              • Heel/Toe Wear
              • Diagonal Wear
          • Symptom Chart - Tire Wear
          • Symptom Chart - NVH
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Notes
            • Pinpoint Test A: Inner Edge/Shoulder Wear
              • Notes
              • Pinpoint Test A: Inner Edge/Shoulder Wear
            • Pinpoint Test B: Outer Edge/Shoulder Wear
              • Notes
              • Pinpoint Test B: Outer Edge/Shoulder Wear
            • Pinpoint Test C: Diagonal Wear
              • Notes
              • Pinpoint Test C: Diagonal Wear
          • Component Tests
            • Radial Runout
            • Loaded Runout Measurement (Hunter Road Force® 9700 Series Wheel Balancer)
            • Runout Measurement (Dial Indicator)
            • Match Mounting
            • Wheel-to-Hub Optimization
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Ambient Temperature Change and Tire Pressure
            • Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Indicator and Message Center Messages
            • Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Indicator Illuminates Continuously
            • Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Indicator Flashes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test D: Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Indicator ON Solid When the Ignition Key is Turned to the ON Position and Message Center (if equipped) Displays LOW TIRE PRESSURE
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: TPMS Indicator On Solid When The Ignition Key Is Turned To The On Position And Message Center (If Equipped) Displays Low Tire Pressure
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Driver Door Module (DDM) Will Not Enter Sensor Training Mode
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: The Driver Door Module (DDM) Will Not Enter Sensor Training Mode
            • Pinpoint Test F: Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Indicator FLASHES For 70 Seconds and Then Remains ON Solid When the Ignition Key is Turned to the ON Position, the Message Center (if equipped) Displays TIRE PRESSURE SENSOR FAULT or TIRE PRESSURE MONITOR FAULT and DTC B2872 or B287A is Present
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: TPMS Indicator Flashes For 70 Seconds And Then Remains On Solid When The Ignition Key Is Turned To The On Position, The Message Center (If Equipped) Displays Tire Pressure Sensor Fault Or Tire Pressure Monitor Fault And DTC B2872 Or B287A Is Present
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTC B106A
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test G: DTC B106A
            • Pinpoint Test H: DTC B106B
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test H: DTC B106B
      • General Procedures
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor Training
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor Activation
          • Special Tool(s)
      • Removal And Installation
        • Wheel and Tire
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Wheel and Tire
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
      • Disassembly And Assembly Of Subassemblies
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Strap and Cradle
          • Material
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
• Transmission
  • Automatic Trans
    • Automatic Transmission - Automatic Transaxle/Transmission
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Assembly Weight Description
        • Line Pressure Chart
        • Band And Clutch Application Chart A
        • Band And Clutch Application Chart B
        • Stall Speed Chart
        • Throttle Position Chart
        • Sensor Resistance Readings
        • Solenoid Operation Chart
        • Gear Ratio Chart
        • Item Specification
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Transmission Description
          • Notes
          • Automatic Transmission
        • Identification Tags
          • Notes
          • Identification Tag
        • Range Selection
          • Notes
          • Park
          • Reverse
          • Neutral
          • Overdrive (D)
          • Position 2 - 2nd Gear
          • Position 1 - 1st Gear
        • Shift Patterns
          • Upshifts
          • Downshifts
          • Coastdown
          • Torque Demand
          • Kickdown
        • Bushings, Bearing and Thrust Washer Locator
        • Seals, Rings and Gasket Locator
        • Main Components and Functions
          • Transmission Main Components - Sectional View
        • Torque Converter
        • Geartrain
          • Notes
          • Planetary Gearset
          • Input Shaft
          • Stub Shaft
          • Output Shaft
        • Apply Components
          • Notes
          • Band - Overdrive (O/D)
          • Band - Low and Reverse
          • Clutch - Intermediate
          • Clutch - Forward
          • Clutch - Direct
          • Clutch - Reverse
          • One-Way Clutch (OWC) - Planetary (Low)
          • One-Way Clutch (OWC) - Intermediate
        • Hydraulic System
          • Pump
          • Transmission Fluid Filter
          • Main Control
          • Accumulators
        • Transmission Electronic Control System
          • Notes
          • Pcm
          • A/C Clutch
          • Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Switch
          • Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor
          • Electronic Pressure Control (EPC) Solenoid
          • Ignition Coil - Coil On Plug
          • Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor
          • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor
          • Transmission Control Switch (TCS) and Transmission Control Indicator Lamp (TCIL)
          • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
          • Transmission Range (TR) Sensor
          • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor
          • Turbine Shaft Speed (TSS) Sensor
          • Torque Converter Clutch (TCC) Solenoid
          • Shift Solenoid A (SSA) and Shift Solenoid B (SSB)
          • Transmission Fluid Temperature (TFT) Sensor
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Diagnostic Strategy
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Inspection
          • Diagnostics
        • Diagnostic Flow Chart
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Diagnostic Flow Chart
        • Preliminary Inspection
          • Material
          • Know and Understand the Concern
          • Verification of Condition
            • Notes
            • Determine Customer Concern
          • Check Transmission Fluid Level and Condition
            • Transmission Fluid Level Check
              • Notes
              • High Transmission Fluid Level
              • Low Transmission Fluid Level
              • Adding Transmission Fluid
            • Transmission Fluid Condition Check
            • Water in Transmission Fluid
        • Shift Point Road Test
        • Torque Converter Diagnosis
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Torque Converter Operation Test
        • Visual Inspection
          • Notes
          • Selector Lever Linkage Check
          • Check TSBs
          • Carry Out On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) Key ON Engine OFF (KOEO), Key ON Engine Running (KOER)
        • Diagnostics
          • Special Tool(s)
          • On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) With Scan Tool
        • Diagnostic Parameters Identification (PID) Chart
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Transmission Drive Cycle Test
          • Notes
          • After On-Board Diagnostic (OBD)
          • Before Pinpoint Tests
        • Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Charts
          • DTC Chart
        • Transmission Connector Layouts
          • Transmission Vehicle Harness - C1274
          • Transmission Internal Harness - C1274
          • Transmission Range (TR) Sensor - C167
          • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Harness - C1107
          • Turbine Shaft Speed (TSS) Sensor Harness - C143
          • PCM Harness - C175T
          • Transmission Range (TR) Sensor Diagnosis Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests - OSC Equipped Vehicle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Shift Solenoids Pre-Diagnosis
            • Notes
            • Shift Solenoid Failure Mode Chart "Always Off"
            • Shift Solenoid Failure Mode Chart "Always On"
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Notes
            • Pinpoint Test A: Shift And TCC Solenoids
            • Pinpoint Test B: TFT Sensor
            • Pinpoint Test C: Tr Sensor
            • Pinpoint Test D: EPC Solenoid
            • Pinpoint Test E: OSS Sensor
            • Pinpoint Test F: TSS Sensor
            • Pinpoint Test G: Solenoid Mechanical Failure
        • Special Testing Procedures
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Engine Idle Speed Check
          • Line Pressure Test
          • Stall Speed Test
          • Air Pressure Tests
            • Transmission Air Test Plate
          • Clutch Pressure Test
        • Leakage Inspection
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • External Fluid Leaks
          • External Sealing
            • Notes
            • External Sealing
          • Fluid Leakage in Torque Converter Area
          • Leak Check Test With A Black Light
        • Transmission Fluid Cooler
        • Diagnosis By Symptom
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Diagnosis by Symptom Index Directions
          • Diagnostic Routines
            • Engagement Concern: No Forward
            • Engagement Concern: No Reverse
            • Engagement Concern: Harsh Reverse
            • Engagement Concern: Harsh Forward
            • Engagement Concern: Delayed/Soft Reverse
            • Engagement Concern: Delayed/Soft Forward
            • Engagement Concern: No Forward and No Reverse
            • Shift Concerns: Some/All Shifts Missing
            • Shift Concerns: Timing Concerns - Early/Late
            • Shift Concerns: Timing Concerns - Erratic/Hunting
            • Shift Concerns: Feel - Soft/Slipping
            • Shift Concerns: Feel - Harsh
            • Shift Concerns: No 1st Gear, Engages In Higher Gear
            • Shift Concerns: No Manual 1st Gear
            • Shift Concerns: No Manual 2nd Gear
            • Shift Concerns: 1-2 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: 2-3 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: 3-4 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: 4-3 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: 3-2 Shift (Automatic)
            • Shift Concerns: 2-1 Shift (Automatic)
            • Torque Converter Clutch (TCC) Operation Concerns: No Apply
            • Torque Converter Clutch (TCC) Operation Concerns: Always Applied/Stalls Vehicle
            • Torque Converter Clutch (TCC) Operation Concerns: Cycling/Shudder/Chatter
            • Other Concerns: No Engine Braking In Manual 2nd Or Manual 1st Position
            • Other Concerns: Selector Lever Efforts High
            • Other Concerns: External Transmission Fluid Leaks
            • Other Concerns: Poor Vehicle Performance
            • Other Concerns: Noise/Vibration - Forward Or Reverse
            • Other Concerns: Engine Will Not Crank
            • Other Concerns: No Park (P) Range
            • Other Concerns: Overheating
      • General Procedures
        • Transmission Fluid Cooler Tubes Backflushing and Cleaning
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
        • Transmission Fluid Drain and Refill
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Draining
          • Refill
        • Transmission Fluid Exchange
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
        • Transmission Range (TR) Sensor Adjustment
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Torque Converter Contamination Inspection
          • Material
      • In-Vehicle Repair
        • Fluid Pan, Gasket and Filter
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Transmission Filler Tube
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Main Control Valve Body
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Extension Housing Gasket
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Extension Housing Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Electronic Pressure Control (EPC) Solenoid
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Manual Control Lever Shaft and Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Digital Transmission Range (TR) Sensor
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Reverse Servo Assembly
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Overdrive Servo
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • 1-2 Accumulator
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • 2-3 Accumulator
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Transmission Insulator and Retainer
          • Notes
          • Removal
        • Transmission Support Crossmember
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Turbine Shaft Speed (TSS) Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
      • Removal
        • Transmission
          • Special Tool(s)
      • Disassembly
        • Transmission
          • Special Tool(s)
      • Disassembly And Assembly Of Subassemblies
        • Main Control Valve Body
          • Disassembly
            • Main Control Valve Body - Disassembled View
          • Assembly
        • Pump and Intermediate Clutch Piston
          • Special Tool(s)
            • Notes
            • Pump and Intermediate Clutch Spring and Support - Disassembled View
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Intermediate One-Way Clutch
          • Intermediate Clutch Cylinder Disassembled View
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Reverse Clutch
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Reverse Clutch Disassembled View
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Forward Clutch Cylinder
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Forward Clutch - Disassembled View
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Planetary Gear Support Assembly and Planetary One-Way Clutch
          • Notes
          • Disassembly and Assembly
        • Reverse Sun Gear
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Output Shaft and Direct Clutch Cylinder
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Output Shaft and Hub Disassembled View
          • Direct Clutch Disassembled View
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
      • Assembly
        • Transmission
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Disassembled View
      • Installation
        • Transmission
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
    • Automatic Transmission - Automatic Transaxle/Transmission - External Controls
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specification Chart
      • Description And Operation
        • External Controls
          • Selector Lever Linkage
          • Brake Shift Interlock Actuator (BSIA)
          • Transmission Control Switch (TCS)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • External Controls
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart - External Controls
          • Symptom Chart - NVH
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Notes
            • Pinpoint Test A: The BSIA System Does Not Release/Lock Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Selector Lever Is Out Of Correct Gear Relationship
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Selector Lever Is Binding
            • Pinpoint Test D: The TCS Does Not Operate Correctly
      • General Procedures
        • Selector Lever Cable Adjustment
        • Selector Lever Indicator Adjustment
      • Removal And Installation
        • Brake Shift Interlock Actuator
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Selector Lever Cable and Bracket
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Selector Lever
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
    • Automatic Transmission Cooler - Transaxle/Transmission Cooling
      • Specifications
        • Material Specification Chart
        • Torque Specification Chart
      • Description And Operation
        • Transmission Cooling
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Transmission Cooling
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Transmission Cooling
          • Symptom Chart - NVH
      • General Procedures
        • Transmission Fluid Cooler Backflushing and Cleaning
      • Removal And Installation
        • Transmission Fluid Cooler
        • Transmission Fluid Cooler Tubes
          • Material
          • Transmission Fluid Cooler Tubes
          • Removal and Installation
• External Pages