LEMON Manuals: Even more car manuals for everyone: 1960-2025
Home >> Ford >> 2012 >> Mustang Base, 2D Convertible, Automatic Trans >> Repair and Diagnosis >> External Pages >> Different car >> Section 1037 (Anti-Lock Brake System (Abs) And Stability Control) >> Diagnosis And Testing >> Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) and Stability Control >> Pinpoint Tests >> Pinpoint Test I : Wheel Speed Sensor Electrical Faults - Front >> Notes
April 5, 2026: LEMON Manuals is launched! Read the announcement.

Pinpoint Test I : Wheel Speed Sensor Electrical Faults - Front: Notes

WARNING: This page is about a different car, the 2016 Ford F-150. However, it is still accessible from the selected car via links, so may be relevant.

Refer to Vehicle Dynamic Systems for schematic and connector information.

Normal Operation and Fault Conditions 

Active wheel speed sensors generate a square wave signal proportional to wheel speed which is sent to the ABS module. Each wheel speed sensor is connected to the ABS module through 2 wires and a connector at each wheel speed sensor. One wire is for sensor voltage supply from the ABS module and the other wire is for the signal return to the ABS module. When the ignition is set to ON, the ABS module carries out a self-test by sending a reference voltage through the wheel speed sensors and their circuitry.

The front wheel speed sensors and encoder rings are part of the front wheel hub and bearing assembly.

DTC Fault Trigger Conditions 

DTC Description Fault Trigger Conditions
C0031:01
C0034:01
Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor: General Electrical Failure
Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor: General Electrical Failure
These Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) set in continuous memory and on-demand if one or more wheel speed sensors are not sending a signal to the ABS module.
C0031:12
C0034:12
Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor: Circuit Short to Battery
Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor: Circuit Short to Battery
These Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) set in continuous memory and on-demand if there is a short to battery voltage in the sensor signal return circuit. A short to battery voltage may be due to the sensor signal return circuit and the sensor voltage supply circuit shorted together. These Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) also set if the sensor has an internal short to battery voltage.
C0032:11
C0035:11
Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor Supply: Circuit Short to Ground
Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor Supply: Circuit Short to Ground
These Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) set in continuous memory if there is a short to ground in the sensor signal voltage supply circuit.
C0031:14
C0034:14
Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor: Circuit Short to Ground or Open
Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor: Circuit Short to Ground or Open
These Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) set in continuous memory and on-demand if there is a short to ground or an open in the sensor signal return circuit or if the sensor has an internal short to ground or an internal open.

Possible Causes 

Visual Inspection and Diagnostic Pre-checks