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Home >> Ford >> 2015 >> Transit Connect XL, Van Passenger >> Repair and Diagnosis (Single Page) >> Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC) >> HVAC Control Systems >> Climate Control System - General Information >> Description And Operation >> Climate Control System - Vehicles With: Dual Automatic Temperature Control (DATC) - System Operation and Component Description >> Component Description
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Component Description

Electric Booster Heater 

For system operation and component description information on the electric booster heater, REFER to: Supplemental Climate Control - System Operation and Component Description

Rear Climate Control 

For system operation and component description information on the rear climate control system, REFER to: Rear Climate Control - System Operation and Component Description

HVAC Control Module - DATC 

For vehicles equipped with SYNC® system, the DATC system uses voice commands or the touch screen to control the system. For vehicles without SYNC® system, the HVAC control module is the only control interface. For details on the HVAC control module communication, REFER to Control System Logic in The Refrigerant Cycle 

Blower Motor 

The blower motor pulls air from the air inlet and forces it into the heater core and evaporator core housing and the plenum chamber where it is mixed and distributed. All airflow from the blower motor passes through the evaporator core.

Blower Motor Control Module 

The blower motor control module uses a PWM signal from the HVAC control module to determine the desired blower speed and varies the ground feed for the blower motor to control the speed.

Evaporator Core 

The evaporator core is an aluminum tube and fin type and is located in the heater core and evaporator core housing. A mixture of liquid refrigerant and oil enters the bottom of the evaporator core through the evaporator core inlet tube and continues out of the evaporator core through the evaporator core outlet tube as a vapor. During A/C compressor operation, airflow from the blower motor is cooled and dehumidified as it flows through the evaporator core fins.

Heater Core 

The heater core consists of fins and tubes arranged to extract heat from the engine coolant and transfer it to air passing through the heater core.

Heater Core and Evaporator Core Housing 

The heater core and evaporator core housing directs airflow from the blower motor through the evaporator core and heater core. All airflow from the blower motor passes through the evaporator core. The airflow is then directed through or around the heater core by the temperature doors. After passing through the heater core, the airflow is distributed to the selected outlet by the airflow mode doors.

Door Actuator - Air Inlet 

The air inlet mode door is a stepper motor style actuator. The HVAC control module monitors the air inlet mode door position by counting the motor steps as it rotates. The HVAC control module drives the actuator motor in the direction necessary to move the air inlet mode door to the position set by the recirculation button and the in-vehicle temperature and humidity sensor information.

Door Actuator - Defrost/Vent Register 

The defrost/vent register door is a stepper motor style actuator. The HVAC control module monitors the defrost/vent register door position by counting the motor steps as it rotates. The HVAC control module drives the actuator motor in the direction necessary to move the door to the position set by the vehicle occupants.

Door Actuator - Footwell Vent 

The footwell vent door actuator is a stepper motor style actuator. The HVAC control module monitors the footwell vent door position by counting the motor steps as it rotates. The HVAC control module drives the actuator motor in the direction necessary to move the door to the position set by the vehicle occupants.

Temperature Door Actuator - Driver Side 

The driver side temperature door actuator is a stepper motor style actuator. The HVAC control module monitors the driver side temperature door position by counting the motor steps as it rotates. The HVAC control module drives the actuator motor in the direction necessary to move the door to the position set by the vehicle occupants.

Temperature Door Actuator - Passenger Side 

The passenger side temperature door actuator is a stepper motor style actuator. The HVAC control module monitors the passenger side temperature door position by counting the motor steps as it rotates. The HVAC control module drives the actuator motor in the direction necessary to move the door to the position set by the vehicle occupants.

A/C Pressure Transducer 

The PCM monitors the discharge pressure measured by the A/C pressure transducer. As the refrigerant pressure changes, the resistance of the A/C pressure transducer changes. It is not necessary to recover the refrigerant before removing the A/C pressure transducer.

A 5-volt reference voltage is supplied to the A/C pressure transducer from the PCM. The A/C pressure transducer receives a ground from the PCM. The A/C pressure transducer then sends a voltage to the PCM to indicate the A/C refrigerant pressure.

Ambient Air Temperature (AAT) Sensor 

The Ambient Air Temperature (AAT) sensor is an input to the PCM. If the temperature is below approximately 0°C (32°F), the PCM does not allow the A/C compressor clutch to engage.

Evaporator Temperature Sensor 

The evaporator temperature sensor contains a thermistor. Sensor resistance varies with evaporator temperature. As the temperature rises, the resistance falls. As the temperature falls, the resistance rises. The evaporator temperature sensor is an input to the BCM and the information is relayed to the PCM over the HS-CAN. If the temperature is below approximately 1°C (33.8°F), the PCM does not allow the A/C compressor clutch to engage.

In-Vehicle Temperature And Humidity Sensor 

The in-vehicle temperature and humidity sensor contains a thermistor and a sensing element which separately measures the in-vehicle air temperature and the humidity, then sends those readings to the HVAC control module. The in-vehicle temperature and humidity sensor has an electric fan within the sensor that draws in-vehicle air across the two sensing elements. The HVAC control module may adjust the actuator doors based on the in-vehicle temperature and humidity sensor information to maintain the desired humidity and temperature of the passenger cabin air.

Air Discharge Temperature Sensors 

There are 4 air discharge temperature sensors in the DATC system:

All 4 air discharge temperature sensors contain a thermistor and are inputs to the HVAC control module. The sensors vary their resistance with the temperature. As the temperature rises, the resistance falls. As the temperature falls, the resistance rises. The HVAC control module uses the sensor information to maintain the desired temperature of the passenger cabin air.

Sunload Sensor 

The sunload sensor supplies information to the HVAC control module indicating the intensity of the sun on the vehicle. The HVAC control module adjusts the climate control system output based on the sunload sensor information.

A/C Compressor Clutch 

When battery voltage is applied to the A/C compressor clutch field coil, the clutch disc and hub assembly is drawn toward the A/C clutch pulley. The magnetic force locks the clutch disc and hub assembly and the A/C clutch pulley together as one unit, causing the compressor shaft to rotate with the engine. When battery voltage is removed from the A/C compressor clutch field coil, springs in the clutch disc and hub assembly move the clutch disc away from the A/C clutch pulley.

An A/C clutch diode is integrated into the coil for A/C clutch field coil circuit spike suppression.

Internally Controlled Variable Displacement Compressor (2.5L engine) 

NOTE: Variable compressors operate at lower pressures (compared to fixed compressors) and depend on correct system charge for normal operation.

Variable displacement compressor internals are similar to fixed displacement compressors. The pistons are placed around an angled plate (swash plate) and are pushed back and forth as the plate rotates. Variable displacement compressors vary the swash plate angle to allow piston displacement to vary from 5% (default) to 100% of full capacity to meet cooling demand.

The internally controlled variable displacement compressor has the following characteristics:

The piston displacement of the internally controlled variable displacement compressor is controlled with a bellows actuated control valve located in the compressor rear head. The control valve senses the refrigerant suction and head pressures and regulates the pressure in the crankcase. Swash plate angle is a result of the balance of the crankcase pressure on one side of the pistons and suction and head pressure on the other side. The suction pressure varies with the evaporator core temperature. The valve regulates the amount of refrigerant being discharged by an optimum compressor displacement, resulting in the requested evaporator core temperature of approximately 3°C (37.4°F).

Externally Controlled Variable Displacement Compressor (1.6L engine) 

NOTE: Variable compressors operate at lower pressures (compared to fixed compressors) and depend on correct system charge for normal operation.

Variable displacement compressor internals are similar to fixed displacement compressors. The pistons are placed around an angled plate (swash plate) and are pushed back and forth as the plate rotates. Variable displacement compressors vary the swash plate angle to allow piston displacement to vary from 5% (default) to 100% of full capacity to meet cooling demand.

The externally controlled variable displacement compressor has the following characteristics:

The piston displacement of the externally controlled variable displacement compressor is controlled by a PWM signal from the PCM which electronically drives the control valve. The control valve drives the crankcase pressure and thus the swash plate angle. The externally controlled variable displacement compressor achieves precise cooling capability based on the cabin temperature and driving conditions, resulting in the target evaporator core temperature. The target evaporator core temperature range for the EATC system is 3-8°C (37.4-46.4°F); 3-5°C (37.4-41°F) for the EMTC system.

The PCM pulse width modulates the ground to the externally controlled variable displacement compressor solenoid to change the A/C compressor displacement by changing the swash plate angle based on the following items:

Thermostatic Expansion Valve (TXV) 

The Thermostatic Expansion Valve (TXV) is located at the evaporator core inlet and outlet tubes at the center rear of the engine compartment. The Thermostatic Expansion Valve (TXV) provides a restriction to the flow of refrigerant and separates the low-pressure and high-pressure sides of the refrigerant system. Refrigerant entering and exiting the evaporator core passes through the Thermostatic Expansion Valve (TXV) through 2 separate flow paths. An internal temperature sensing bulb senses the temperature of the refrigerant flowing out of the evaporator core and adjusts an internal pin-type valve to meter the refrigerant flow into the evaporator core. The internal pin-type valve decreases the amount of refrigerant entering the evaporator core at lower temperatures and increases the amount of refrigerant entering the evaporator core at higher temperatures.

A/C Condenser 

The A/C condenser is an aluminum tube and fin design heat exchanger. It cools compressed refrigerant gas by allowing air to pass over fins and tubes to extract heat, and condenses gas to liquid refrigerant as it is cooled.

Receiver-Drier 

The receiver-drier stores high-pressure liquid and the desiccant bag mounted inside the receiver-drier removes any retained moisture from the refrigerant.

For 1.6L EcoBoost and 2.5L Duratec engine equipped vehicles, the receiver-drier is incorporated into the LH side of the A/C condenser. The receiver-drier element is a separate component and can be removed and installed with the A/C condenser in the vehicle.

Service Gauge Port Valves 

The service gauge port valve is an integral part of the refrigerant line or component.

GFD46423Courtesy of FORD MOTOR COMPANY
Item Description Torque
1 Low-pressure service gauge port valve cap 0.8 Nm (7 lb-in)
2 Low-pressure service gauge port valve -
3 Low-pressure Schrader-type valve 2.26 Nm (20 lb-in)
4 High-pressure Schrader-type valve 3.4 Nm (30 lb-in)
5 High-pressure service gauge port valve -
6 High-pressure service gauge port valve cap 0.8 Nm (7 lb-in)

Refrigerant System Dye 

A fluorescent refrigerant system dye wafer is added to the receiver-drier desiccant bag at the factory to assist in refrigerant system leak diagnosis using a Rotunda-approved UV blacklight. This fluorescent dye wafer dissolves after about 30 minutes of continuous A/C operation. It is not necessary to add additional dye to the refrigerant system before diagnosing leaks, even if a significant amount of refrigerant has been removed from the system.

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