Blind Spot Information System - System Operation and Component Description: Notes
System Operation
BLIS® and CTA
System Diagram
Network Message Chart IPC Network Input Messages
| Broadcast Message | Originating Module | Message Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Cross traffic alert left status | SODL | Used to command the CTA audio chime and the BLIS® RTT. |
| Cross traffic alert right status | SODR | |
| Side obstacle sensor status - left | SODL | Used to communicate the operating status of the SODL and to command the BLIS®/ CTA message center displays. |
| Side obstacle sensor status - right | SODR | Used to communicate the operating status of the SODR and to command the BLIS®/ CTA message center displays. |
APIM Network Input Messages
| Broadcast Message | Originating Module | Message Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| BLIS®/ CTA enable/disable command | APIM | Used to enable/disable the BLIS® or CTA based on driver input. |
| Cross traffic alert left status | APIM | Used to display the arrows indicating the direction of travel of the target vehicle. |
| Cross traffic alert right status |
ACM Network Input Messages
| Broadcast Message | Originating Module | Message Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Chime source | IPC | Used to command the CTA audio chimes on vehicles without Sony® audio system. |
DSP Network Input Messages
| Broadcast Message | Originating Module | Message Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Chime source | IPC | Used to command the CTA audio chimes on vehicles with Sony® audio system. |
DDM Network Input Messages
| Broadcast Message | Originating Module | Message Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| BLIS®/ CTALED command - left | SODL | Used to command the LHBLIS®/ CTALED on and off. |
PDM Network Input Messages
| Broadcast Message | Originating Module | Message Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| BLIS®/ CTALED command - right | SODR | Used to command the RHBLIS®/ CTALED on and off. |
SODL Network Input Messages
| Broadcast Message | Originating Module | Message Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Active park assist system status | PAM | Disables the CTA warnings during active park assist maneuvers. |
| BLIS®/ CTA enable/disable command | APIM | Used to enable/disable the BLIS® or CTA based on driver input. |
| BLIS® driver LED status | DDM | Used to confirm the operating status of the LH exterior mirror BLIS® LED. |
| Gear lever position | PCM | Used to turn the BLIS® and CTA system on and off depending the gear lever position. |
| Ignition key type | BCM | Used to disable the ability to turn OFF the BLIS® and CTA when a MyKey® restricted key is in use. |
| Trailer lamp connected | TRM | Disables the BLIS® and CTA when a trailer is electrically connected to the vehicle. |
| Turn signal status | SCCM | Used to generate the secondary alert when a turn signal is activated. |
| Vehicle speed | PCM | Used to activate the BLIS® after an ignition cycle and deactivate the CTA system when the vehicle speed exceeds preset thresholds. |
| VIN information | BCM | Contains VIN information. |
| Wiper status | SCCM | Used to determine ambient weather conditions for correct system operation. |
SODR Network Input Messages
| Broadcast Message | Originating Module | Message Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Active park assist system status | PAM | Disables the CTA warnings during active park assist maneuvers. |
| BLIS®/ CTA enable/disable command | APIM | Used to enable/disable the BLIS® or CTA based on driver input. |
| BLIS® passenger LED status | PDM | Used to confirm the operating status of the RH exterior mirror BLIS® LED. |
| Gear lever position | PCM | Used to turn the BLIS® and CTA system on and off depending the gear lever position. |
| Ignition key type | BCM | Used to disable the ability to turn OFF the BLIS® and CTA when a MyKey® restricted key is in use. |
| Trailer lamp connected | TRM | Disables the BLIS® and CTA when a trailer is electrically connected to the vehicle. |
| Turn signal status | SCCM | Used to generate the secondary alert when a turn signal is activated. |
| Vehicle speed | PCM | Used to activate the BLIS® after an ignition cycle and deactivate the CTA system when the vehicle speed exceeds preset thresholds. |
| VIN information | BCM | Contains VIN information. |
| Wiper status | SCCM | Used to determine ambient weather conditions for correct system operation. |
BLIS®
The BLIS® provides alerts to the driver when the vehicle is in a forward gear and the vehicle speed is greater than 10 km/h (6 mph).
The BLIS® can trigger an alert for vehicles that enter the blind zone from the rear, front, or merge into the blind zone from the side. The exterior mirror BLIS®/ CTALED illuminates in the right and/or left exterior mirror when a target is present. For vehicles that pass through the blind zone quickly, typically less than 2 seconds, the BLIS® may not trigger an alert.
If a turn signal is active while BLIS® has detected a target in the blind zone, the BLIS®/ CTALED flashes rapidly. When the turn signal is off, the BLIS® target warnings are a constant LED illumination.
Due to the nature of radar technology, false alerts may occur under certain circumstances. False alerts occur when the LED illuminates with no target present. False alerts up to 3% (3 out of 100 targets) are considered normal operation. False alerts are temporary and self-correcting. False alerts may be caused by sharp turns around a pole or building, jogging pedestrians or fast moving shopping carts.
Missed targets occur when a target is present and the LED does not illuminate. Missed targets up to 1% (1 out of 100 targets) are considered normal operation.
Circumstances that cause missed alerts are:
- Debris build-up or rear bumper upper cover stickers on the rear bumper upper cover
- Certain maneuvering of the vehicles entering and exiting the blind zone
- Vehicles passing through the blind zone at high rates of speed
- When several vehicles forming a convoy pass through the blind zone
The BLIS® may not detect an adjacent target immediately when the vehicle accelerates from a standing start with another vehicle alongside.
CTA
When the transmission is in reverse, the CTA system can detect a vehicle or a bicycle that is approaching at a speed between 6 km/h and 60 km/h (4 mph and 37 mph) and time to impact is between 1 and 2.5 seconds. The distance at which an alert is generated varies depending on the speed of the approaching vehicles or bicycles. The CTA system response time and performance can degrade if vehicles are approaching at speeds less than 6 km/h (4 mph) or greater than 60 km/h (37 mph).
An adjacent parked vehicle or object can affect the systems ability to detect approaching vehicles or bicycles (refer to figure 1). Parking at extreme angles can further affect the systems ability to detect approaching vehicles or bicycles (refer to figure 2).
Backing towards a curved road can also affect systems ability to detect approaching vehicles or bicycles (refer to figure 3).
CTA detection zones:
The CTA system is designed to detect objects approaching the vehicle at a speed equal to or greater than 12 km/h (7 mph). This includes vehicles and bicycles. The CTA system has some detection limitations due to the nature of the radar technology used by the SODL and SODR.
Circumstances that may cause non-detection are:
- Debris build-up or rear bumper upper cover stickers on the rear bumper upper cover
- The rear quarter panel of the vehicle is obstructed or partially obstructed by an adjacently parked vehicle or object
- Vehicle approaching at speeds greater than 60 km/h (37 mph)
- Driving in reverse faster than 12 km/h (7 mph)
- Damage to sensor and/or sensor area
Due to the nature of radar technology, there may be certain instances when the CTA system alerts the operator, when no object or vehicle is present while backing up. This is known as a false alert. False alerts up to 3% of the time (3 times out of 100 reversals) are considered normal. A false alert may occur when backing out of a garage or backing into a parking space and objects or vehicles are very close to the radar sensors. False alerts are temporary and self-correcting.
Missed targets occur when a target is present and the LED does not illuminate. Missed targets up to 1% (1 out of 100 targets) is considered normal operation.
Circumstances that cause missed alerts are:
- Debris build-up or rear bumper upper cover stickers on the rear bumper upper cover
- Certain maneuvering of the vehicles entering and exiting the detection zone
- Vehicles passing through the detection zone at high rates of speed
- When several vehicles forming a convoy pass through the detection zone
Exterior Mirror Indication
When the BLIS® or CTA system is active and an object is detected by the SODL or SODR, the BLIS®/ CTALED command message is sent from the SODL or SODR to the DDM or PDM. The DDM and PDM supply voltage and ground to illuminate their respective exterior mirror BLIS®/ CTALED based on messages received from the SODL and SODR.
During the CTA alert there is an arrow displayed in the information and entertainment display unit indicating the direction of travel of the target vehicles.
Each time the vehicle is started, the SODL and SODR command the DDM and PDM to illuminate the exterior mirror BLIS®/ CTA Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) for approximately 3 seconds, indicating the BLIS® and CTA system is operational.
If a BLIS® or CTA system fault is present, the exterior mirror BLIS®/ CTA Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) remain off, the IPCBLIS® RTT illuminates and a message center warning displays BLIND SPOT SYSTEM FAULT.
BLIS® and CTA Message Center Function
The BLIS® can be turned off by using the blind spot on/off function using the information and entertainment display unit. When the BLIS® has been turned off by the driver or if a system fault is present, the BLIS® RTT in the message center remains on. When turning the system on or off, the exterior mirror Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) flash 2 times. When the BLIS® is turned off, the driver cannot receive any alerts. The system remains off until turned back on by the driver.
The CTA system can be turned off by selecting the CTA system on/off function using the information and entertainment display unit. The system defaults to on with each ignition cycle.
There are some system faults that set Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) in the SODL, SODR, DDM or PDM. These Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) can set a message in the IPC message center that displays BLIND SPOT SYSTEM FAULT and/or CROSS TRAFFIC SYSTEM FAULT. There are also symptom based faults that do not set a DTC.
Blocked Sensor
An excessive build-up of materials on the rear bumper upper cover, such as mud or snow, can cause the BLIS® or CTA system functionality to degrade. Heavy rain can have the same affect on the system. If a blocked state is detected, the SODL and SODR blockage sensing senses the performance degradation and enters the SODL and SODR into a blocked state. The performance degradation means alerting late on targets or additional missed targets. Upon entering a blocked state, the SODL and/or SODR send a status message over the MS-CAN to the GWM. The GWM then sends the status message to the IPC and APIM on the HS-CAN3. The message center displays BLIND SPOT NOT AVAILABLE SENSOR BLOCKED or CROSS TRAFFIC NOT AVAILABLE SENSOR BLOCKED and the LH and RH exterior mirror BLIS®/ CTA Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) illuminate.
The message center warning can be cleared by the driver, but the amber BLIS® off RTT in the IPC remains illuminated. A blocked state will self-clear when blockage sensing senses performance has returned to normal operation. The ignition can also be cycled off to clear the blocked state. If the blockage is still present after the ignition cycle, or after some drive time the system detects again that it is blocked, the blocked sensor message is displayed again in the message center and the amber BLIS® off IPCRTT is illuminated again.
Due to the nature of a radar technology, it is possible to get a blocked sensor warning without the radar sensor being blocked. This is rare and is known as a false blockage warning. A false blocked condition either self-clears or clears after an ignition cycle.