Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM)
WARNING: This page does not describe the selected car, but rather 9 other vehicles, including the 2018 Ford Transit-350 HD, 2018 Ford Transit-350, 2018 Ford Transit-250, 2018 Ford Transit-150, and 2018 Ford F-550 Super Duty. However, it is still accessible from the selected car via links, so may be relevant.
The PCM stores information in the EEPROM (a memory integrated circuit chip) about vehicle operating conditions, and then uses this information to compensate for component variability.