| Low Speed/Low Load |
Completely Advance |
* Valve Under-lap * Improvement of combustion stability |
Completely Retard |
* Valve Under-lap * Improvement of combustion stability |
| Part Load |
Retard |
* Increase of expansion work * Reduction of pumping loss * Reduction of HC |
Retard |
* Reduction of pumping loss |
| (3) Low Speed/High Load |
Retard |
* Increase of expansion work |
Advance |
* Prevention of intake back flow (Improvement of volumetric efficiency) |
| (4) High Speed/High Load |
Advance |
* Reduction of pumping loss |
Retard |
* Improvement of volumetric efficiency |