System Description

NAVIGATION SYSTEM OUTLINE

Vehicle position tracking methods

It is essential that the navigation system correctly tracks the current vehicle position and displays it on the map. There are 2 methods to track the current vehicle position: autonomous (dead reckoning) and GPS* (satellite) navigation. Both navigation methods are used in conjunction with each other.

HINT:

*: GPS (Global Positioning System)

Fig 1: Navigation System Outline Chart

Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

NAVIGATION SYSTEM OPERATION DESCRIPTION CHART

Operation	Description
Vehicle Position Calculation	The navigation receiver assembly calculates the current vehicle position (direction and current position) using the direction deviation signal from the gyro sensor and running distance signal from the vehicle speed sensor and creates the driving route.
Map Display Processing	The navigation receiver assembly processes the vehicle position data, vehicle running track, and map data from the map disc.
Map Matching	The map data from the map disc is compared to the vehicle position and running track data. Then, the vehicle position is matched with the nearest road.
GPS Correction	The vehicle position is matched to the position calculated by the GPS. Then, the calculated position data from the GPS unit is compared with the vehicle position and running track data. If the position is very different, the GPS calculated position is used.
Distance Correction	The running distance signal from the vehicle speed sensor includes error caused by tire wear and slippage between the tires and road surface. Distance correction is performed to account for this. The navigation ECU automatically offsets the running distance signal to make up for the difference between it and the distance data of the map. The offset is automatically updated.

HINT:

The combination of autonomous and GPS navigations makes it possible to display the vehicle position even when the vehicle is in places where the GPS radio wave cannot be received. When only autonomous navigation is used, the mapping accuracy may slightly decline.

Fig 2: Identifying Navigation System

Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

Autonomous navigation
This method determines the relative vehicle position based on the running track determined by the gyro and vehicle speed sensors located in the navigation receiver assembly.
1. Gyro sensor
  Calculates the direction by detecting angular velocity. It is located in the navigation receiver assembly.
2. Vehicle speed sensor
  Used to calculate the vehicle running distance.

GPS navigation (satellite navigation) This method detects the absolute vehicle position using radio waves from a GPS satellite*.

HINT:

*: GPS satellites were launched by the U.S. Department of Defense for military purposes.

Fig 3: Identifying GPS Navigation (Satellite Navigation)

Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

GPS NAVIGATION (SATELLITE NAVIGATION) DESCRIPTION CHART

Number of Satellites	Measurement	Description
2 or less	Measurement impossible	The vehicle position cannot be obtained because the number of satellites is not enough.
3	2-dimensional measurement is possible	The vehicle position is obtained based on current longitude and latitude (this is less precise than 3-dimensional measurement).
4	3-dimensional measurement is possible	The vehicle position is obtained based on current longitude, latitude and altitude.

Map matching
The current driving route is calculated by autonomous navigation (according to the gyro sensor and vehicle speed sensor) and GPS navigation. This information is then compared with possible road shapes from the map data in the map disc and the vehicle position is set onto the most appropriate road.

Fig 4: Identifying Map Matching
Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

NAVIGATION RECEIVER ASSEMBLY OUTLINE
1. Conventionally, 2 separate devices, a "radio and display" and a "navigation ECU" are used. This model has adopted a new type, combining these devices into a signal unit.
  
  Fig 5: Identifying Navigation Receiver Assembly
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
2. Touch switches are touch-sensitive (interactive) switches operated by touching the screen. When a switch is pressed, the outer glass bends to contact the inner glass at the pressed position. By doing this, the voltage ratio is measured and the pressed position is detected.
  
  Fig 6: Identifying Touch Switches
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) PLAYER OUTLINE (for Navigation Map)
1. The navigation receiver assembly (built-in navigation ECU) uses a laser pickup to read the digital signals recorded on a DVD.
  CAUTION: Because the navigation system uses an invisible laser beam, do not look directly at the laser pickup. Be sure to only operate the navigation as instructed.
  NOTE:
  - Do not disassemble any part of the navigation receiver assembly (built-in navigation ECU).
  - Do not apply oil to the navigation receiver assembly (built-in navigation ECU).
  - Do not insert anything but a DVD into the navigation receiver assembly (built-in navigation ECU).
CD (Compact Disc) PLAYER OUTLINE
1. A compact disc player uses a laser pickup to read digital signals recorded on a compact disc (CD). By converting the digital signals to analog, it can play music and other content.
  NOTE:
  - Do not disassemble any part of the CD player.
  - Do not apply oil to the CD player.
  - Do not insert anything but a CD into the CD player.
  CAUTION: Do not look directly at the laser pickup because the CD player uses an invisible laser beam. Be sure to operate the player only as instructed.
2. Usable discs
  1. This player can play only audio CDs, CD-Rs (CD-Recordable), and CD-RWs (CD-ReWritable) that have any of the following marks:
    
    Fig 7: Identifying Discs Marks
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
3. Precautions for use of discs
  NOTE:
  - Copy-protected CDs cannot be played.
  - CD-Rs and CD-RWs may not be played depending on the recording conditions or characteristics of the discs, or due to damage, dirt, or deterioration caused by leaving the discs in the cabin for a long time.
  - Unfinalized CD-Rs and CD-RWs cannot be played.
  - Dual Discs that mate DVD recorded material on one side with CD digital audio material on the other cannot be played.
  - Keep the discs away from dirt. Be careful not to damage the discs or leave your fingerprints on them.
  - Hold discs by the outer edge and center hole with the label side up.
  - Leaving the disc exposed halfway out of the slot for a long time after pressing the disc eject button may cause deformation of the disc, making the disc unusable.
  - If discs have adhesive tape, stickers, CDR labels, or any traces of such labels attached, the discs may not be ejected or player malfunctions may result.
  - Keep the discs away from direct sunlight. (Exposure to direct sunlight may cause deformation of the disc, making the disc unusable.)
  - Do not use odd-shaped CDs because these may cause player malfunctions.
  - Do not use discs whose recording portion is transparent or translucent because they may not be inserted, ejected, or played normally.
  HINT:
  - When it is cold or it is raining, if the windows mist up, mist and condensation may form in the player. In such cases, the CD may skip or stop in the middle of play. Ventilate or dehumidify the cabin for a while before using the player.
  - The CD may skip if the player experiences strong vibrations when the vehicle is driven on rough roads or similar uneven surface(s).
4. Cleaning
  NOTE: Do not use a lens cleaner because it may cause a malfunction in the pickup portion of the player.
  1. If dirt is on the disc surface, wipe it clean with a soft dry cloth such as an eyeglass cleaner for plastic lenses from the inside to the outside in a radial direction.
    NOTE:
    Pressing on the disc by hand or rubbing the disc with a hard cloth may scratch the disc surface.
    
    Use of solvent such as a record spray, antistatic agent, alcohol, benzine, thinner, or a chemical cloth may cause damage to the disc, making the disc unusable.
    
    Fig 8: Cleaning Disc
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

MP3/WMA OUTLINE

Playable MP3 file standards

PLAYABLE MP3 FILE STANDARDS

Compatible Standard	MP3 (MPEG1 LAYER3, MPEG2 LSF LAYER 3)
Compatible sampling frequency	MPEG1 LAYER3: 44.1, 48 (kHz) MPEG2 LSF LAYER3: 16, 22.05, 24 (kHz)
Compatible bit rate	MPEG1 LAYER3: 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 160, 192, 224, 256, 320 (kbps) MPEG2 LSF LAYER3: 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 144, 160 (kbps) Compatible with VBR
Compatible channel mode	Stereo, joint stereo, dual channel, monaural

Playable WMA file standards

PLAYABLE WMA FILE STANDARDS

Compatible Standard	WMA Ver. 7, 8, and 9
Compatible sampling frequency	44.1, 48 (kHz)
Compatible bit rate	Ver. 7, 8: CBR48, 64, 80, 96, 128, 160, 192 (kbps) Ver. 9: CBR48, 64, 80, 96, 128, 160, 192, 256, 320 (kbps) Compatible with playback of channel 2 only

ID3 tag and WMA tag
1. Additional textual information called ID3 tag can be input to MP3 files. Information such as song titles and artist names can be stored.
  HINT:
  
  This player is compatible with the ID3 tags of ID3 Ver. 1.0 and 1.1, and ID3 Ver. 2.2 and 2.3. (Number of characters complies with ID3 Ver. 1.0 and 1.1.)
2. Additional textual information called WMA tag can be input to WMA files. Information such as song titles and artist names can be stored.
Usable media
1. Only CD-ROMs, CD-Rs (CD-Recordable), and CD-RWs (CD-ReWritable) can be used to play MP3/WMA files.
  NOTE:
  - CD-Rs and CD-RWs are more easily affected by a hot and humid environment than discs used for normal audio CDs. For this reason, some CD-Rs and CD-RWs may not be played.
  - If there are fingerprints or scratches on the disc, the disc may not be played or the CD may skip.
  - Some CD-Rs and CD-RWs deteriorate if they are left in the cabin for a long time.
  - Keep CD-Rs and CD-RWs in a storage case that is impenetrable to light.

Usable media format

USABLE MEDIA FORMAT

Disc format	CD-ROM Mode 1, CD-ROM XA Mode 2 Form 1
File format	ISO9660 Level 1 and Level 2 (Joliet, Romeo)

HINT:

As for MP3/WMA files written in any format other than those above, the contents of the files may not be played normally or the file names or folder names may not be displayed correctly.
This player is compatible with multi-session discs and can play CD-Rs and CD-RWs on which MP3/WMA files are added. However, only the first session can be played.
Discs whose first session includes both music data and MP3 or WMA format data cannot be played.

Standard and restrictions

STANDARD AND RESTRICTIONS

Maximum directory levels	8 levels
Maximum number of characters for a folder name/file name	32 characters
Maximum number of folders	192 (Including empty folders, route folders, and folders that do not contain MP3/WMA files)
Maximum number of files in a disc	255 (Including non-MP3/WMA files)

File names
1. Only files with an extension of ".mp3" or ".wma" can be recognized and played as MP3 or WMA files.
2. Save MP3 or WMA files with an extension of ".mp3" or ".wma".
  NOTE: If saving non-MP3 or non-WMA files with an extension of ".mp3" or ".wma", those files are wrongly recognized as MP3 or WMA files and played. A loud noise may occur and damage to the speaker may result.

RADIO DESCRIPTION

Radio frequency band
1. Radio broadcasts use the radio frequency bands shown in the table below.
  
  Fig 9: Radio Frequency Band Chart
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
Service area
1. The service areas of AM and FM broadcasts are vastly different. Sometimes an AM broadcast can be received very clearly but an FM stereo cannot. FM stereo has the smallest service area, and is prone to pick up static and other types of interference such as noise.
Radio reception problems
HINT:

In addition to static, other problems such as "phasing", "multipath", and "fade out" exist. These problems are not caused by electrical noise, but by the radio signal propagation method itself.

Fig 10: Identifying AM And FM Service Areas
Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
1. Phasing
  AM broadcasts are susceptible to electrical interference and another kind of interference called phasing. Occurring only at night, phasing is the interference created when a vehicle receives 2 radio wave signals from the same transmitter. One signal is reflected off the ionosphere and the other signal is received directly from the transmitter.
  
  Fig 11: Radio Reception Problem - Phasing
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
2. Multipath
  Multipath is a type of interference created when a vehicle receives 2 radio wave signals from the same transmitter. One signal is reflected off buildings or mountains and the other signal is received directly from the transmitter.
  
  Fig 12: Radio Reception Problem - Multipath
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
3. Fade out
  Fade out is caused by objects (buildings, mountains, and other such large obstacles) that deflect away part of a signal, resulting in a weaker signal when the object is between the transmitter and vehicle. High frequency radio waves, such as FM broadcasts, are easily deflected by obstructions. Low frequency radio waves, such as AM broadcasts, are much more difficult to deflect.
  
  Fig 13: Radio Reception Problem - Fade Out
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

Noise problem

Technicians must have a clear understanding about each customer's noise complaint. Use the following table to diagnose noise problems.

NOISE PROBLEM CHART

Radio Frequency	Noise Occurrence Condition	Presumable Cause
AM	Noise occurs in a specified area	Foreign noise
AM	Noise occurs when listening to an intermittent broadcast	An identical program transmitted from multiple towers can cause noise where the signals overlap
AM	Noise occurs only at night	Music beat from a distant broadcast
FM	Noise occurs while driving in a specified area	Multipath or phasing noise resulting from a change in FM frequency

HINT:

If the noise does not match the examples above, refer to the descriptions about phasing and multipath.

ASL (Automatic Sound Levelizer) FUNCTION OUTLINE
1. The ASL (Automatic Sound Levelizer) function automatically adjusts the sound data in order to maintain clear audio sound even when vehicle noise increases (as vehicle noise increases, the volume is turned up etc.). Vehicle speed signals are received from the combination meter and used for the ASL (Automatic Sound Levelizer).
AVC-LAN DESCRIPTION
1. What is AVC-LAN?
  AVC-LAN, an abbreviation for "Audio Visual Communication Local Area Network", is a united standard developed by manufacturers in affiliation with Toyota Motor Corporation. This standard pertains to audio and visual signals as well as switch and communication signals.
  
  Fig 14: Identifying AVC-LAN
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
2. Purpose
  Recently, car audio systems have rapidly developed and the functions have vastly changed. The conventional car audio system is being integrated with multimedia interfaces similar to those in navigation systems. At the same time, customers are demanding higher quality from their audio systems. This is merely an overview of the standardization background. The specific purposes are as follows:
  1. To solve sound problems, etc. caused by using components of different manufacturers through signal standardization.
  2. To allow each manufacturer to concentrate on developing products they do best. From this, reasonably priced products can be produced.
    HINT:
    - If a short to +B or short to ground is detected in the AVC-LAN circuit, communication is interrupted and the navigation system will stop functioning.
    - The multi-display unit acts as the master unit.
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM OUTLINE
1. Components of the navigation system communicate with each other via the AVC-LAN.
2. The navigation receiver assembly has enough resistance (60 to 80 Ω) necessary for transmitting communication signals. This is essential for communication.
3. If a short circuit or open circuit occurs in the AVC-LAN circuit, communication is interrupted and the navigation system will stop functioning.
DIAGNOSTIC FUNCTION OUTLINE
1. The navigation system has a diagnostic function (the result is indicated on the master unit).
2. Each component has a specified number (3-digit) called a physical address. Each function has a number (2-digit) called a logical address.
3. A 3-digit hexadecimal component code (physical address) is allocated to each component on the AVC-LAN. Using this code, the component in the diagnostic function can be displayed.

DIAGNOSIS DISPLAY DETAILED DESCRIPTION

HINT:

This section contains a detailed description of displays within diagnostic mode.
Illustrations may differ from the actual vehicle depending on the device settings and options. Therefore, some detailed areas may not be exactly the same as on the actual vehicle.

SYSTEM CHECK

System Check Mode Screen

Fig 15: Identifying System Check Mode Screen

Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

*1: Device Names and Hardware Address

HINT:

Registered device names are displayed.

If a device name is unknown to the system, its physical address is shown instead.

PHYSICAL ADDRESS REFERENCE CHART

Address No.	Name	Address No.	Name
110	EMV	120	AVX
128	1 DIN TV	140	AVN
144	G-BOOK	178	NAVl
17C	MONET	190	AUDIO H/U
1AC	CAMERA-C	1B0	Rr-TV
1C0	Rr-CONT	19D	BT-HF
1C4	PANEL	1C6	G/W
1C8	FM-M-LCD	1D8	CONT-SW
1EC	Body	118	EMVN
1F1	XM	1F2	SIRIUS
230	TV-TUNER	240	CD-CH2
250	DVD-CH	280	CAMERA
360	CD-CH1	3A0	MD-CH
17D	TEL	440	DSP-AMP
530	ETC	1F6	RSE
1A0	DVD-P	1D6	CLOCK
238	DTV	480	AMP

*2: Check Result

HINT:

Result codes for all devices are displayed.

RESULT REFERENCE CHART

Result	Meaning	Action
OK	Device did not respond with DTC (excluding communication DTCs from AVC-LAN).	-
EXCH	Device responds with "replace" type DTC.	Look up DTC in "Unit Check Mode" and replace device.
CHEK	Device responds with "check" type DTC.	Look up DTC in "Unit Check Mode".
NCON	Device was previously present, but does not respond in diagnostic mode.	Check power supply wire harness of device. Check AVC-LAN of device.
Old	Device responds with "old" type DTC.	Look up DTC in "Unit Check Mode".
NRES	Device responds in diagnostic mode, but gives no DTC information.	Check power supply wire harness of device. Check AVC-LAN of device.

*3: Code Clear

Present DTCs are cleared.
Press the "Code CLR" switch for 3 seconds.

*4: Memory Clear

Present and past DTCs and registered connected device names are cleared.
Press the "Memory CLR" switch for 3 seconds.

Diagnosis MENU Screen

Fig 16: Identifying Diagnosis MENU Screen
Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

HINT:

Some items may be grayed out or not displayed, as the functions are different depending on the vehicle.

Unit Check Mode Screen

Fig 17: Identifying Unit Check Mode Screen

Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

Screen Description

SCREEN DESCRIPTION CHART

Display	Content
*1: Device name	Target device
*2: Segment	Target device logical address
*3: DTC	DTC (Diagnostic Trouble Code)
*4: Timestamp	Time and date of past DTCs are displayed (year is displayed in 2-digit format).
*5: Present Code	DTCs output at service check are displayed.
*6: Past Code	Diagnostic memory results and stored DTCs are displayed.
*7: Diagnosis Clear Switch	Pushing this switch for 3 seconds clears diagnostic memory data of target device (responses to diagnostic system check result and displayed data are cleared).

LAN Monitor (Original) Screen

Fig 18: Identifying LAN Monitor (Original) Screen

Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

*1: Check Result

HINT:

Check results of all the devices are displayed.

RESULT REFERENCE CHART

Result	Meaning	Action
No Err (OK)	There are no communication DTCs.	-
CHEK	Device responds with "check" type DTC.	Look up DTC in "Unit Check Mode".
NCON	Device was previously present, but does not respond in diagnostic mode.	Check power supply wire harness of device. Check AVC-LAN of device.
Old	Device responds with "old" type DTC.	Look up DTC in "Unit Check Mode".
NRES	Device responds in diagnostic mode, but gives no DTC information.	Check power supply wire harness of device. Check AVC-LAN of device.

LAN Monitor (Individual) Screen

Fig 19: Identifying LAN Monitor (Individual) Screen

Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

Screen Description

SCREEN DESCRIPTION CHART

Display	Content
*1: Device name	Target device
*2: Segment	Target logical address
*3: DTC	DTC (Diagnostic Trouble Code)
*4: Sub-code (device address)	Physical address stored with DTC (if there is no address, nothing is displayed).
*5: Connection check No.	Connection check number stored with DTC
*6: DTC occurrence	Number of times same DTC has been stored
*7: Diagnosis Clear Switch	Pushing this switch for 3 seconds clears diagnostic memory data of target device (responses to diagnostic system check result and displayed data are cleared).

DISPLAY CHECK

Vehicle Signal Check Mode Screen

Fig 20: Identifying Vehicle Signal Check Mode Screen

Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

Screen Description

SCREEN DESCRIPTION CHART

Name	Content
Battery	Battery voltage is displayed.
PKB	Parking brake ON/OFF state is displayed.
REV	Reverse signal ON/OFF state is displayed.
IG	Ignition switch ON/OFF state is displayed.
ADIM/TCAN	Brightness state DIM (with) / BRIGHT (without) is displayed.
TAIL	TAIL signal (Light control switch) ON/OFF state is displayed.
SPEED	Vehicle speed is displayed in km/h.

HINT:

Only items sending vehicle signals will be displayed.
This screen is updated once per second when input signals to the vehicle are changed.

NAVIGATION CHECK

Navigation Check Screen

Fig 21: Identifying Navigation Check Screen
Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

HINT:

Some items may be grayed out or not displayed, as the functions are different depending on the vehicle.

GPS Information Screen

Fig 22: Identifying GPS Information Screen

*1: Satellite information

Information from a maximum of 12 satellites is displayed on the screen. This information includes the target GPS satellite number, elevation angle, direction, and signal level.

*2: Receiving condition

DENSO Model

RECEIVING CONDITION - DENSO MODEL

Display	Content
T	System is receiving GPS signal, but is not using it for location.
P	System is using GPS signal for location.
-	System cannot receive GPS signal.

AISIN AW Model

RECEIVING CONDITION - AISIN AW MODEL

Display	Content
01H	System cannot receive a GPS signal.
02H	System is tracing a satellite.
03H	System is receiving a GPS signal, but is not using it for location.
04H	System is using the GPS signal for location.

*3: Measurement information

MEASUREMENT INFORMATION

Display	Content
2D	2-dimensional location method is being used.
3D	3-dimensional location method is being used.
NG	Location data cannot be used.
Error	Reception error has occurred.
-	Any other state.

*4: Position information

POSITION INFORMATION

Display	Content
Position	Latitude and longitude information on current position is displayed.

*5: Date information

DATE INFORMATION

Display	Content
Date	Date/time information obtained from GPS signal is displayed in Greenwich mean time (GMT). Last 4 digits are displayed.

Vehicle Sensors Screen

Fig 23: Identifying Vehicle Sensors Screen

Vehicle Signal

VEHICLE SIGNAL REFERENCE CHART

Display	Content
*1: REV	REV signal ON/OFF state is displayed.
*2: SPD	SPD signal condition is displayed.

Sensor Signal

SENSOR SIGNAL REFERENCE CHART

Display	Content
*3: Gyro sensor	Gyro sensor output condition is displayed (when vehicle is driven straight or is stationary, voltage is approximately 2.5 V).

HINT:

Signals are updated once per second only when vehicle sensor signals are changed.

DVD player information Screen

Fig 24: Identifying DVD Player Information Screen

Screen Description

SCREEN DESCRIPTION CHART

Display	Content
*1: Trouble code	Each code corresponding to malfunctions is displayed. For details, refer to "TROUBLE CODE DESCRIPTION ".
*2: Occurrence time	Date (year, month, day) and time (hour, minute, second) when trouble code was stored are displayed as time stamp (Greenwich mean time). Time data to be displayed is received from GPS receiver.
*3: Trouble code clear switch	All code data being displayed is cleared by pushing this switch for 3 seconds.
*4: Returning switch	Previous page is displayed. If current displayed page is first page, this switch cannot be operated.
*5: Proceeding switch	Next page is displayed. If current displayed page is last page, this switch cannot be operated.

Trouble Code Description

TROUBLE CODE DESCRIPTION CHART

Code	Malfunction	Countermeasure
01	Cannot be recognized	Replace navigation receiver assembly.
03	Cannot be read	Follow inspection procedure for DTC 58-42 (See DTC 58-42 MAP DISC READ ERROR; DTC 80-42 MAP DISC READ ERROR ).

HINT:

There is a DVD player check function in the navigation receiver assembly.