Repair and Diagnosis (Single Page)

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• Quick Lookups
  • Common Specs & Procedures
    • Specifications Index
  • DTC Index
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      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
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    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
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• Accessories & Equipment
  • Anti-Theft Systems
    • Anti-Theft System
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
        • * Please Read First *
        • Preliminary Check
        • Symptom Diagnosis
          • Symptom No. 1:
          • Symptom No. 2:
          • Symptom No. 3:
          • Symptom No. 4:
      • Component Tests
      • System Tests
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • BCM Power Supply Circuit Check
        • Test 1-1: Door Switch Check
        • Test 1-2: Hood Switch Check
        • Test 1-3: Trunk Room Lamp Switch Check
        • Test 2: Security Light Check
        • Test 3: Door Unlock Sensor Check
        • Test 4-1: Door Key Cylinder Lock Switch Check
        • Test 4-2: Door Key Cylinder Unlock Switch Check
        • Test 5: Trunk Lid Key Unlock Signal Check
        • Test 6: Theft Warning Horn Alarm Check
        • Test 7: Theft Warning Headlight Alarm Check
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Door Locks - Power & Trunk Release System
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Notes
        • Door Locks - Power & Trunk Release System
          • Key Reminder Does Not Operate Properly
          • One Specific Actuator Inoperative
          • Door Lock Switch Inoperative
          • Power Door Locks Inoperative When Using Key
          • Power Door Locks Do Not Operate When Using Lock Knob
      • Component Tests
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Diagnostic Procedure Using NISSAN Consult
        • Diagnostic Procedure Without NISSAN Consult (Mode III Diagnostic Output)
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • * Please Read First *
          • Notes
          • Front Door Switch Circuit Check
          • Ignition Key Switch Circuit Check
          • Door Lock & Unlock Switch Circuit Check
          • Door Key Cylinder Switch Circuit Check
          • Door Unlock Sensor Circuit Check
          • Door Lock Actuator Circuit Check
      • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Multi-Remote Control System
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Component Tests
      • Programming Remote Controller
        • Multi-Remote Control System
          • Without Nissan CONSULT Scan Tool
          • With Nissan CONSULT Scan Tool
      • System Tests
        • * Please Read First *
        • Diagnostic Procedure 1
        • Diagnostic Procedure 2
        • Diagnostic Procedure 3 (1 Of 2)
        • Diagnostic Procedure 3 (2 Of 2)
        • Diagnostic Procedure 4
        • Diagnostic Procedure 5
        • Diagnostic Procedure 6
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Notes
        • Symptom Diagnosis
          • No Remote Control Functions
          • Door Lock/Unlock Function Inoperative
          • Hazard Warning Lights Do Not Activate
          • Panic Alarm Function Does Not Activate With Panic Alarm Button (On Remote Controller) Pressed Longer Than 1.5 Seconds
          • Trunk Lid Does Not Open With Trunk Release Button On Remote Controller Pressed
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Body Interior
    • Multiplex Control System
      • Description & Operation
        • * Please Read First *
        • Body Control Module (BCM)
        • Local Control Unit (LCU)
        • Sleep/Wake-Up Control Mode
        • Fail-Safe Control Mode
      • Component Locations
      • Component Tests
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostics Using Indicator Lights
          • Notes
          • Self-Diagnostic Indicator Lights
          • Mode I (LAN Communication)
          • Mode II (Switch Signal Monitor)
          • Mode III (Power Door Lock Operation)
          • Mode IV (Driver Power Window Automatic Operation)
          • Mode V (Automatic Drive Positioner Operation)
        • NISSAN Consult Diagnostics
          • Notes
          • Entering LAN System Diagnostics
          • IVMS Communication Check
          • Wake-Up Mode Diagnostics
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • DTC 24: Communication Fault With Left Front Door Control Unit (LCU01)
        • DTC 25: No Communication With Left Front Door Control Unit (LCU01)
        • DTC 34: Communication Fault With Right Front Door Control Unit (LCU02)
        • DTC 35: No Communication With Right Front Door Control Unit (LCU02)
        • DTC 41: Communication Fault With Right Rear Door Control Unit (LCU03)
        • DTC 42: No Communication With Right Rear Door Control Unit (LCU03)
        • DTC 44: Communication Fault With Left Rear Door Control Unit (LCU04)
        • DTC 45: No Communication With Left Rear Door Control Unit (LCU04)
        • DTC 47: Communication Fault With Driver's Seat Control Unit (LCU05)
        • DTC 48: No Communication With Driver's Seat Control Unit (LCU05)
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Cruise Control Systems
    • Description & Operation
    • Component Locations
    • Adjustments
      • ASCD Cable
      • Accelerator Cable
    • Component Tests
      • * Please Read First *
      • ASCD Actuator & ASCD Pump
      • Switches
        • Notes
        • ASCD Brake Switch & Stoplight Switch
        • ASCD Main Switch
        • Inhibitor Switch
      • Vehicle Speed Sensor
    • Self-Diagnostic System
      • Notes
      • Entering System Diagnostics
      • Self-Diagnostic Modes
        • Self-Diagnostic Results Mode
        • Data Monitor Mode
      • Symptom Diagnosis
        • Notes
        • ASCD Cannot Be Set (CRUISE Indicator Light Does Not Flash):
        • ASCD Cannot Be Set (CRUISE Indicator Light Flashes):
        • Vehicle Speed Does Not Decrease After SET/COAST Switch Is
        • Vehicle Speed Does Not Return To Set Speed After RESUME/ACCEL
        • Vehicle Speed Does Not Increase After RESUME/ACCEL Switch Is
        • System Is Not Released After CANCEL Switch Is Pressed:
        • Large Difference Between Set Speed & Actual Speed:
        • Deceleration Is Greatest Immediately Following ASCD
    • Diagnostic Tests
      • * Please Read First *
      • Fail-Safe Mode Check
        • Notes
        • Operation Check
      • Test 1: Power & Ground Circuit Check
      • Test 2: ASCD Main Switch Check
      • Test 3: ASCD Hold Relay Circuit Check
      • Test 4: ASCD Brake/Stoplight Switch Check
      • Test 5: ASCD Steering Switch Check
      • Test 6: Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Check
      • Test 7: ASCD Pump Circuit Check
      • Test 8: ASCD Actuator/Pump Check
    • Removal & Installation
    • Wiring Diagrams
  • Gauges & Instrument Panels
    • Description & Operation
    • Component Locations
    • Component Tests
      • Fuel Gauge Sending Unit
      • Oil Pressure Switch
      • Thermal Transmitter
      • Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS)
    • System Tests
      • Instrument Panels
        • Fuel Gauge Circuit Test
        • Coolant Temperature Gauge Circuit Test
        • Speedometer & VSS Circuit Test
        • Tachometer Circuit Test
    • Removal & Installation
      • Notes
      • Instrument Cluster
        • Removal & Installation
    • Wiring Diagrams
  • Heated Glass/Defoggers
    • Defogger - Rear Window
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Component Tests
      • On-Vehicle Service
        • Defogger Filament Repair
      • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Memory Modules
    • Automatic Drive Positioner System
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Fail-Safe System
        • Initialization
          • Notes
          • Procedure "A"
          • Procedure "B"
        • Programming ADP Memory
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Component Tests
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Diagnostics Using NISSAN Consult
        • On-Board Diagnostics Mode V
        • Clearing Self-Diagnostic Memory
          • With Nissan CONSULT
          • Without Nissan CONSULT
      • Symptom Diagnosis
        • * Please Read First *
        • Preliminary Check
        • Symptom Directory
          • Symptom No. 1: All Seat Functions Inoperative
          • Symptom No. 2: All Steering Functions Inoperative
          • Symptom No. 3: Seat Sliding Function Does Not Operate During Automatic Or Manual Operation
          • Seat Reclining Function Does Not Operate During Automatic Or Manual Operation
          • Seat Front Lifting Function Does Not Operate During Automatic Or Manual Operation
          • Seat Rear Lifting Function Does Not Operate During Automatic Or Manual Operation
          • Symptom No. 4: Steering Tilt Function Does Not Operate During Automatic Or Manual Operation
          • Steering Telescopic Function Does Not Operate During Automatic Or Manual Operation
          • Symptom No. 5: All Functions Inoperative During Automatic Operation; Some Functions Inoperative During Manual Operation
          • Symptom No. 6: Seat Sliding Function Does Not Operate During Automatic Operation
          • Seat Reclining Function Does Not Operate During Automatic Operation
          • Seat Front Lifting Function Does Not Operate During Automatic Operation
          • Seat Rear Lifting Function Does Not Operate During Automatic Operation
          • Symptom No. 7: All Automatic Functions Inoperative
          • Symptom No. 8: Drive Position Does Not Retain In Memory
          • Symptom No. 9: Seat Sliding Function Operates Automatically Only
          • Seat Reclining Function Operates Automatically Only
          • Seat Front Lifting Function Operates Automatically Only
          • Seat Rear Lifting Function Operates Automatically Only
          • Seat Lumbar Support Function Operates Automatically Only
          • Symptom No. 10: Steering Tilt Function Operates Automatically Only
          • Steering Telescopic Function Operates Automatically Only
          • Symptom No. 11: Automatic Operation Cannot Be Cancelled
          • Symptom No. 12: Memory Indicator Light Does Not Illuminate
      • Diagnostic Tests
      • Diagnostic Procedures
        • Diagnostic Procedure 1: Power Supply & Ground Circuit Check For LCU05
        • Diagnostic Procedure 2: Power Supply & Ground Circuit Check For Tilt/Telescopic Motor
        • Diagnostic Procedure 3: Tilt Sensor Check
        • Diagnostic Procedure 4: Telescopic Sensor Check
        • Diagnostic Procedure 5: Sliding Sensor Check
        • Diagnostic Procedure 6: Reclining Sensor Check
        • Diagnostic Procedure 7: Lifting Sensor Check (Front)
        • Diagnostic Procedure 8: Lifting Sensor Check (Rear)
        • Diagnostic Procedure 9: Tilt Motor Check
        • Diagnostic Procedure 10: Telescopic Motor Check
        • Diagnostic Procedure 11: Sliding Motor Check
        • Diagnostic Procedure 12: Reclining Motor Check
        • Diagnostic Procedure 13: Lifting Motor Check (Front)
        • Diagnostic Procedure 14: Lifting Motor Check (Rear)
        • Diagnostic Procedure 15: Lifting Limit Switch Check
        • Diagnostic Procedure 16: Tilt/Telescopic Switch Check
        • Diagnostic Procedure 17: Power Seat Switch Check
        • Diagnostic Procedure 18: Cancel Switch Check
        • Diagnostic Procedure 19: Key, Detention, Door Switch & Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Check
        • Diagnostic Procedure 20: Seat Memory Switch Check
        • Diagnostic Procedure 21: Memory Indicator Check
        • Diagnostic Procedure 22: Lumbar Support Check
      • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Steering Column Switches
    • Removal & Installation
      • * Please Read First *
      • Steering Wheel
        • Removal & Installation
      • Combination Switch
        • Removal & Installation
    • Wiring Diagrams
  • Window Motors & Regulators
    • Power Windows
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
        • * Please Read First *
        • Preliminary Check
        • Symptom Diagnosis
          • Notes
          • Symptom No. 1 - All Power Windows Inoperative:
          • Symptom No. 2 - One Or More Power Windows Do Not Operate When Using Either The Main Switch Or Its Individual Switch:
          • Symptom No. 3 - One Or More Individual Switches Inoperative:
          • Symptom No. 4 - One Or More Main Switches On Driver's Door Inoperative:
          • Symptom No. 5 - Power Window LOCK Switch On Driver's Side Inoperative:
          • Symptom No. 6 - Power Window Auto-Function On Driver's Side Inoperative:
      • Self-Diagnostic Tests
        • Diagnostic Procedure Using NISSAN Consult
        • Diagnostic Procedure Without NISSAN Consult (Mode IV Diagnostic Output)
      • System Tests
        • Wire Color Abbreviations
        • Diagnostic Procedure 1: Ignition Switch On Signal Check
        • Diagnostic Procedure 2: Power Window Lock Switch Check
        • Diagnostic Procedure 3: Power Window Main Switch Check
        • Diagnostic Procedure 4: Power Window Sub-Switch Check
        • Diagnostic Procedure 5: Power Window Regulator Check
        • Diagnostic Procedure 6: Power Window Automatic Switch Check
      • Component Tests
      • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Wiper/Washer Systems
    • Description & Operation
    • Component Locations
    • Adjustments
      • Wiper Arm Adjustment
        • Front
        • Rear
    • Component Tests
      • Wiper Motor
      • Wiper/Washer Switch
    • System Tests
      • Notes
      • Wiper/Washer System
        • Intermittent Wiper Does Not Operate
        • Intermittent Time Cannot Be Adjusted
        • Wiper & Washer Activate Individually, But Not In Combination
        • No Difference In Intermittent Wiper Operating Time When Vehicle Is Stopped Or Moving
        • Wiper & Washer Activate Individually, But Intermittent Wiper & Washer Combination Does Not Operate
    • Removal & Installation
    • Wiring Diagrams
• Body & Frame
  • Body, Cab Control Systems
    • Multiplex Control System
      • Description & Operation
        • * Please Read First *
        • Body Control Module (BCM)
        • Local Control Unit (LCU)
        • Sleep/Wake-Up Control Mode
        • Fail-Safe Control Mode
      • Component Locations
      • Component Tests
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostics Using Indicator Lights
          • Notes
          • Self-Diagnostic Indicator Lights
          • Mode I (LAN Communication)
          • Mode II (Switch Signal Monitor)
          • Mode III (Power Door Lock Operation)
          • Mode IV (Driver Power Window Automatic Operation)
          • Mode V (Automatic Drive Positioner Operation)
        • NISSAN Consult Diagnostics
          • Notes
          • Entering LAN System Diagnostics
          • IVMS Communication Check
          • Wake-Up Mode Diagnostics
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • DTC 24: Communication Fault With Left Front Door Control Unit (LCU01)
        • DTC 25: No Communication With Left Front Door Control Unit (LCU01)
        • DTC 34: Communication Fault With Right Front Door Control Unit (LCU02)
        • DTC 35: No Communication With Right Front Door Control Unit (LCU02)
        • DTC 41: Communication Fault With Right Rear Door Control Unit (LCU03)
        • DTC 42: No Communication With Right Rear Door Control Unit (LCU03)
        • DTC 44: Communication Fault With Left Rear Door Control Unit (LCU04)
        • DTC 45: No Communication With Left Rear Door Control Unit (LCU04)
        • DTC 47: Communication Fault With Driver's Seat Control Unit (LCU05)
        • DTC 48: No Communication With Driver's Seat Control Unit (LCU05)
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Door Locks
    • Anti-Theft System
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
        • * Please Read First *
        • Preliminary Check
        • Symptom Diagnosis
          • Symptom No. 1:
          • Symptom No. 2:
          • Symptom No. 3:
          • Symptom No. 4:
      • Component Tests
      • System Tests
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • BCM Power Supply Circuit Check
        • Test 1-1: Door Switch Check
        • Test 1-2: Hood Switch Check
        • Test 1-3: Trunk Room Lamp Switch Check
        • Test 2: Security Light Check
        • Test 3: Door Unlock Sensor Check
        • Test 4-1: Door Key Cylinder Lock Switch Check
        • Test 4-2: Door Key Cylinder Unlock Switch Check
        • Test 5: Trunk Lid Key Unlock Signal Check
        • Test 6: Theft Warning Horn Alarm Check
        • Test 7: Theft Warning Headlight Alarm Check
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Door Locks - Power & Trunk Release System
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Notes
        • Door Locks - Power & Trunk Release System
          • Key Reminder Does Not Operate Properly
          • One Specific Actuator Inoperative
          • Door Lock Switch Inoperative
          • Power Door Locks Inoperative When Using Key
          • Power Door Locks Do Not Operate When Using Lock Knob
      • Component Tests
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Diagnostic Procedure Using NISSAN Consult
        • Diagnostic Procedure Without NISSAN Consult (Mode III Diagnostic Output)
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • * Please Read First *
          • Notes
          • Front Door Switch Circuit Check
          • Ignition Key Switch Circuit Check
          • Door Lock & Unlock Switch Circuit Check
          • Door Key Cylinder Switch Circuit Check
          • Door Unlock Sensor Circuit Check
          • Door Lock Actuator Circuit Check
      • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Multi-Remote Control System
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Component Tests
      • Programming Remote Controller
        • Multi-Remote Control System
          • Without Nissan CONSULT Scan Tool
          • With Nissan CONSULT Scan Tool
      • System Tests
        • * Please Read First *
        • Diagnostic Procedure 1
        • Diagnostic Procedure 2
        • Diagnostic Procedure 3 (1 Of 2)
        • Diagnostic Procedure 3 (2 Of 2)
        • Diagnostic Procedure 4
        • Diagnostic Procedure 5
        • Diagnostic Procedure 6
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Notes
        • Symptom Diagnosis
          • No Remote Control Functions
          • Door Lock/Unlock Function Inoperative
          • Hazard Warning Lights Do Not Activate
          • Panic Alarm Function Does Not Activate With Panic Alarm Button (On Remote Controller) Pressed Longer Than 1.5 Seconds
          • Trunk Lid Does Not Open With Trunk Release Button On Remote Controller Pressed
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Power Windows
    • Description & Operation
    • Component Locations
    • Trouble Shooting
      • * Please Read First *
      • Preliminary Check
      • Symptom Diagnosis
        • Notes
        • Symptom No. 1 - All Power Windows Inoperative:
        • Symptom No. 2 - One Or More Power Windows Do Not Operate When Using Either The Main Switch Or Its Individual Switch:
        • Symptom No. 3 - One Or More Individual Switches Inoperative:
        • Symptom No. 4 - One Or More Main Switches On Driver's Door Inoperative:
        • Symptom No. 5 - Power Window LOCK Switch On Driver's Side Inoperative:
        • Symptom No. 6 - Power Window Auto-Function On Driver's Side Inoperative:
    • Self-Diagnostic Tests
      • Diagnostic Procedure Using NISSAN Consult
      • Diagnostic Procedure Without NISSAN Consult (Mode IV Diagnostic Output)
    • System Tests
      • Wire Color Abbreviations
      • Diagnostic Procedure 1: Ignition Switch On Signal Check
      • Diagnostic Procedure 2: Power Window Lock Switch Check
      • Diagnostic Procedure 3: Power Window Main Switch Check
      • Diagnostic Procedure 4: Power Window Sub-Switch Check
      • Diagnostic Procedure 5: Power Window Regulator Check
      • Diagnostic Procedure 6: Power Window Automatic Switch Check
    • Component Tests
    • Removal & Installation
    • Wiring Diagrams
• Brakes
  • Anti-Lock Brakes
    • Anti-Lock - Traction Control
      • Description & Operation
      • Servicing
        • Checking Brake Fluid Level
      • Bleeding Brake System
        • BRAKELINE Bleeding
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Preliminary Checks
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Check No. 1
          • Preliminary Check No. 2
          • Preliminary Check No. 3
          • Check For PCM DTCs
        • Self-Diagnosis For Abs/TCS Control Unit
          • Description
          • Self-Diagnostic Procedure (SLIP Indicator)
          • Reading ABS/TCS Diagnostic Trouble Codes
          • Clearing ABS/TCS Diagnostic Trouble Codes
        • Abs/TCS Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Identification
        • Self-Diagnosis For TAC Module
          • Description
          • Self-Diagnostic Procedure (TAC Module)
          • Reading TAC Codes
        • TAC Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Identification
          • Notes
          • Clearing TAC Module Memory
        • Symptom Diagnosis
        • Diagnostic Procedure No. 1
          • DTC 84: ABS/TCS (Engine System)
        • Diagnostic Procedure No. 2
          • DTC 58: ABS/TCS (TAC Module Communication)
        • Diagnostic Procedure No. 3
          • DTC 80: ABS/TCS (Engine Speed Signal)
        • Diagnostic Procedure No. 4
          • DTC 83: ABS/TCS (LAN Monitoring)
        • Diagnostic Procedure No. 5
          • DTC 85: ABS/TCS (LAN Communication)
        • Diagnostic Procedure No. 6
          • DTC 75: ABS/TCS (LAN Failure)
        • Diagnostic Procedure No. 7
          • DTC 21-36: ABS/TCS (Wheel Sensor)
        • Diagnostic Procedure No. 8
          • DTC 41-56: ABS TCS (ABS Actuator Valve)
        • Diagnostic Procedure No. 9
          • DTC 63: ABS/TCS (Solenoid Valve Relay)
        • Diagnostic Procedure No. 10
          • DTC 61: ABS/TCS (Actuator Motor Or Motor Relay)
        • Diagnostic Procedure No. 11
          • DTC 57: ABS/TCS (Low Voltage)
        • Diagnostic Procedure No. 12
          • DTC 71: ABS/TCS (ABS/TCS Control Unit)
        • Diagnostic Procedure No. 13
          • ABS/TCS No Code (TAC Module Power/Ground Circuit)
        • Diagnostic Procedure No. 14
          • TAC Module Code 11 (Throttle Position (TP) Sensor Signal)
        • Diagnostic Procedure No. 15
          • TAC Module Code 12 (Secondary TP Sensor Signal)
        • Diagnostic Procedure No. 16
          • ABS/TCS DTC 58: TAC Module Code 13 (Secondary TP Sensor Signal)
        • Diagnostic Procedure No. 17
          • TAC Module Code 21 Or 22 (Throttle Motor Circuit)
        • Diagnostic Procedure No. 18
          • TAC Module Code 23 Or 24 (Throttle Motor Relay Circuit)
        • Diagnostic Procedure No. 19
          • TAC Module Code 34 (Power Supply Circuit For Sensor)
        • Diagnostic Procedure No. 20
          • Notes
          • TAC Module Code 32 (Secondary Throttle Return Spring)
        • Diagnostic Procedure No. 21
          • TAC Module Code 31 (Start Signal Circuit)
        • Diagnostic Procedure No. 22
          • TAC Module Code 33 (Inhibitor Switch)
        • Diagnostic Procedure No. 23
          • SLIP Indicator Does Not Come On With Ignition On
        • Diagnostic Procedure No. 24
          • TCS OFF Indicator Does Not Come On With Ignition On
        • Diagnostic Procedure No. 25
          • ABS Warning Light Does Not Come On With Ignition On
        • Diagnostic Procedure No. 26
          • ABS Warning Light Stays On Continuously With Ignition On
        • Diagnostic Procedure No. 27
          • TCS OFF Switch Inoperative
        • Diagnostic Procedure No. 28
          • ABS Works Frequently
      • Removal & Installation
        • Actuator
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front/Rear Wheel Sensors
          • Removal & Installation
      • Adjustments
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Mechanical - Hydraulic
    • Disc
      • Description & Operation
      • Bleeding Brake System
        • BRAKELINE Bleeding
      • Adjustments
        • Brake Pedal Height
        • Brake Pedal Free Play
        • Parking Brake Shoes
          • J30 & Q45
        • Parking Brake Cable
          • I30
          • J30 & Q45
      • Testing
        • Power Brake Unit
          • Operating Check
          • Airtight Check
          • Output Rod Length Check
        • Proportioning Valve
      • Removal & Installation
        • Master Cylinder
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Brake Booster
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front & Rear Disc Pads
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Parking Brake Shoes
          • Removal (J30)
          • Installation
          • Removal & Installation (Q45)
      • Overhaul
        • Master Cylinder
          • Disassembly & Reassembly
      • Torque Specifications
      • Disc Brake Specifications
  • Anti-Lock - Traction Control
    • Description & Operation
    • Servicing
      • Checking Brake Fluid Level
    • Bleeding Brake System
      • BRAKELINE Bleeding
    • Diagnosis & Testing
      • Preliminary Checks
        • Notes
        • Preliminary Check No. 1
        • Preliminary Check No. 2
        • Preliminary Check No. 3
        • Check For PCM DTCs
      • Self-Diagnosis For Abs/TCS Control Unit
        • Description
        • Self-Diagnostic Procedure (SLIP Indicator)
        • Reading ABS/TCS Diagnostic Trouble Codes
        • Clearing ABS/TCS Diagnostic Trouble Codes
      • Abs/TCS Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Identification
      • Self-Diagnosis For TAC Module
        • Description
        • Self-Diagnostic Procedure (TAC Module)
        • Reading TAC Codes
      • TAC Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Identification
        • Notes
        • Clearing TAC Module Memory
      • Symptom Diagnosis
      • Diagnostic Procedure No. 1
        • DTC 84: ABS/TCS (Engine System)
      • Diagnostic Procedure No. 2
        • DTC 58: ABS/TCS (TAC Module Communication)
      • Diagnostic Procedure No. 3
        • DTC 80: ABS/TCS (Engine Speed Signal)
      • Diagnostic Procedure No. 4
        • DTC 83: ABS/TCS (LAN Monitoring)
      • Diagnostic Procedure No. 5
        • DTC 85: ABS/TCS (LAN Communication)
      • Diagnostic Procedure No. 6
        • DTC 75: ABS/TCS (LAN Failure)
      • Diagnostic Procedure No. 7
        • DTC 21-36: ABS/TCS (Wheel Sensor)
      • Diagnostic Procedure No. 8
        • DTC 41-56: ABS TCS (ABS Actuator Valve)
      • Diagnostic Procedure No. 9
        • DTC 63: ABS/TCS (Solenoid Valve Relay)
      • Diagnostic Procedure No. 10
        • DTC 61: ABS/TCS (Actuator Motor Or Motor Relay)
      • Diagnostic Procedure No. 11
        • DTC 57: ABS/TCS (Low Voltage)
      • Diagnostic Procedure No. 12
        • DTC 71: ABS/TCS (ABS/TCS Control Unit)
      • Diagnostic Procedure No. 13
        • ABS/TCS No Code (TAC Module Power/Ground Circuit)
      • Diagnostic Procedure No. 14
        • TAC Module Code 11 (Throttle Position (TP) Sensor Signal)
      • Diagnostic Procedure No. 15
        • TAC Module Code 12 (Secondary TP Sensor Signal)
      • Diagnostic Procedure No. 16
        • ABS/TCS DTC 58: TAC Module Code 13 (Secondary TP Sensor Signal)
      • Diagnostic Procedure No. 17
        • TAC Module Code 21 Or 22 (Throttle Motor Circuit)
      • Diagnostic Procedure No. 18
        • TAC Module Code 23 Or 24 (Throttle Motor Relay Circuit)
      • Diagnostic Procedure No. 19
        • TAC Module Code 34 (Power Supply Circuit For Sensor)
      • Diagnostic Procedure No. 20
        • Notes
        • TAC Module Code 32 (Secondary Throttle Return Spring)
      • Diagnostic Procedure No. 21
        • TAC Module Code 31 (Start Signal Circuit)
      • Diagnostic Procedure No. 22
        • TAC Module Code 33 (Inhibitor Switch)
      • Diagnostic Procedure No. 23
        • SLIP Indicator Does Not Come On With Ignition On
      • Diagnostic Procedure No. 24
        • TCS OFF Indicator Does Not Come On With Ignition On
      • Diagnostic Procedure No. 25
        • ABS Warning Light Does Not Come On With Ignition On
      • Diagnostic Procedure No. 26
        • ABS Warning Light Stays On Continuously With Ignition On
      • Diagnostic Procedure No. 27
        • TCS OFF Switch Inoperative
      • Diagnostic Procedure No. 28
        • ABS Works Frequently
    • Removal & Installation
      • Actuator
        • Removal & Installation
      • Front/Rear Wheel Sensors
        • Removal & Installation
    • Adjustments
    • Torque Specifications
    • Wiring Diagrams
• Drivelines & Axles
  • Axle Shafts - Rear
    • Description & Operation
    • Trouble Shooting
    • Removal, Disassembly, Reassembly & Installation
      • Axle Shafts
        • Removal
        • Disassembly
        • Inspection
        • Reassembly (Final Drive Side)
        • Reassembly (Wheel Side)
        • Installation
      • Rear Axle Housing & Hub Assembly
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Disassembly
        • Inspection
        • Reassembly
        • Installation
    • Torque Specifications
  • Differentials & Drive Axles
    • Differentials & Axle Shafts
      • Axle Ratio & Identification
      • Description
      • Lubrication
        • Notes
        • Fluid Type
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Removal & Installation
        • Axle Shaft
        • Drive Shaft
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Pinion Flange & Oil Seal
          • Removal & Installation
        • Output Shaft & Oil Seal
          • Removal & Installation
        • Differential Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
      • Overhaul
        • Differential Assembly
          • Disassembly
          • Cleaning & Inspection
          • Reassembly & Adjustments
      • Torque Specifications
• Electrical
  • Charging Systems
    • Generator & Regulator
      • Description
      • Application
      • Adjustments
        • Generator Belt
      • Testing
        • On-Vehicle Testing
          • Generator Test
        • Bench Testing
          • Rotor
          • Stator
          • Diodes
          • Brushes
      • Trouble Shooting
      • Removal & Installation
        • Generator
          • Removal & Installation
      • Overhaul
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Imported Cars & Trucks
        • ACURA
        • AUDI
        • BENTLEY
        • BMW
        • DAIHATSU
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • FERRARI
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • HONDA
        • HYUNDAI
        • INFINITI
        • ISUZU
        • Jaguar
        • KIA
        • Land Rover
        • LEXUS
        • MAZDA
        • MERCEDES-BENZ
        • MITSUBISHI
        • NISSAN
        • PEUGEOT
        • PORSCHE
        • RENAULT
        • Rolls-ROYCE
        • SAAB
        • SUBARU
        • SUZUKI
        • TOYOTA
        • VOLKSWAGEN
        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
      • Grounds
      • Splices
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fuses & Circuit Breakers
    • Identification
      • Notes
      • Engine Compartment Junction & Relay Blocks
        • Notes
        • Component Locations
      • Instrument Panel Junction & Relay Blocks
        • Component Locations
      • Circuit Breakers
        • Circuit Breaker Usage
  • Gauges
    • Instrument Panels
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • Component Tests
        • Fuel Gauge Sending Unit
        • Oil Pressure Switch
        • Thermal Transmitter
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS)
      • System Tests
        • Instrument Panels
          • Fuel Gauge Circuit Test
          • Coolant Temperature Gauge Circuit Test
          • Speedometer & VSS Circuit Test
          • Tachometer Circuit Test
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Removal & Installation
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Starter
    • Description
    • Application
    • Testing
      • On-Vehicle Testing
      • Bench Testing
        • Pinion/Clutch Inspection
    • Trouble Shooting
    • Removal & Installation
      • Starters
        • Removal
        • Installation
    • Overhaul
    • Starter Specifications
    • Torque Specifications
    • Wiring Diagrams
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Body Control Modules
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cooling Fan
      • Cruise Control
      • Defoggers
      • Electronic Power Steering
      • Engine Performance
        • 4.1L
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Memory Systems
      • Power Antenna
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Seats
      • Power Top/Sunroof
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlock
      • Starting/Charging
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
      • Trunk, Tailgate, Fuel Door
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Engine Mechanical
  • Accessory Drive Belts
    • Drive Belt Routing & Adjustment Specifications
      • Drive Belt Routing
        • Drive Belt Routing (Q45)
        • Drive Belt Routing (QX4)
      • Drive Belt Adjustment Specifications
        • Drive Belt Adjustment Specifications (Q45)
        • Drive Belt Adjustment Specifications (QX4)
      • Engine Cooling Specifications
  • Cooling System Specifications & Electric Cooling Fans
    • Coolant System Bleeding
      • I30 & J30
      • QX4
      • Q45
    • Belt Adjustment
    • Checking Drive Belts Routing
    • Component Testing
      • Notes
      • Cooling System Specifications & Electric Cooling Fans
        • Cooling Fan Motor
    • Cooling System Specifications
    • Wiring Diagrams
  • Cooling System (Mechanical)
    • Cooling System Specifications & Electric Cooling Fans
      • Coolant System Bleeding
        • I30 & J30
        • QX4
        • Q45
      • Belt Adjustment
      • Checking Drive Belts Routing
      • Component Testing
        • Notes
        • Cooling System Specifications & Electric Cooling Fans
          • Cooling Fan Motor
      • Cooling System Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Drive Belt Routing & Adjustment Specifications
      • Drive Belt Routing
        • Drive Belt Routing (Q45)
        • Drive Belt Routing (QX4)
      • Drive Belt Adjustment Specifications
        • Drive Belt Adjustment Specifications (Q45)
        • Drive Belt Adjustment Specifications (QX4)
      • Engine Cooling Specifications
  • Mechanical
    • 4.1L V8
      • Engine Identification
      • Adjustments
        • Valve Clearance Adjustment
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Fuel Pressure Release
        • Engine
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Intake Manifold
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Exhaust Manifold
          • Removal & Installation
        • Cylinder Head
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Inspection
          • Installation
        • Front Cover Oil Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Timing Chain
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Inspection
          • Installation
        • Valve Lifter
          • Removal
          • Inspection
          • Installation
        • Camshaft
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Inspection
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Rear Oil Seal
          • Removal & Installation
        • Water Pump
          • Removal
          • Inspection
          • Installation
        • Oil Pan
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Overhaul
        • Cylinder Head
          • Notes
          • Cylinder Head
          • Valve Springs
          • Valve Stem Oil Seals
          • Valve Guides
          • Valve Seat
          • Valves
        • Valve Train
          • Notes
          • Rocker Arms & Hydraulic Lifters
        • Cylinder Block Assembly
          • Piston & Rod Assembly
          • Piston Pin Bushing Replacement
          • Fitting Pistons
          • Piston Rings
          • Rod Bearings
          • Crankshaft & Main Bearings
          • Thrust Bearing
          • Cylinder Block
      • Engine Oiling
        • Oil Pump
          • Removal & Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Engine Specifications
        • Notes
        • Crankshaft, Main & Connecting Rod Bearings
        • Connecting Rods
        • Pistons, Pins & Rings
        • Cylinder Block
        • Valves & Valve Springs
        • Cylinder Head
        • Camshaft
  • Starter
    • Description
    • Application
    • Testing
      • On-Vehicle Testing
      • Bench Testing
        • Pinion/Clutch Inspection
    • Trouble Shooting
    • Removal & Installation
      • Starters
        • Removal
        • Installation
    • Overhaul
    • Starter Specifications
    • Torque Specifications
    • Wiring Diagrams
• Engine Performance
  • Engine Controls - Adjustments - Q45
    • Adjustment
      • Engine Mechanical
      • Valve Clearance
      • Ignition Timing
      • Cold (Fast) Idle
        • Fast Idle Cam
      • V8 Idle Speed
      • Idle Mixture
      • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
      • Closed & Wide Open Throttle Position (TP) Switch
        • Secondary TP Sensor
  • Application
    • Engine/VIN Id
      • Identification
      • VIN Definition
        • Example VIN
        • VIN Definition Breakdown
      • Model/Year VIN Code Application
      • Engine Code Location
  • Emissions
    • EGR Function Testing - INFINITI
      • EGR Function Testing - INFINITI
        • Test 1
          • All Models
        • Test 2
          • All Models
    • Emission Applications
      • Emission Applications
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
  • Mode 6 - 1997 INFINITI
    • Introduction
    • I30
    • J30 & Q45
    • QX4
  • Engine Controls - Pin Voltage Charts - Q45
    • Introduction
    • Pin Voltage Charts
  • Remove, Overhaul & Install
    • Engine Controls - Remove/Install/Overhaul - Q45
      • Introduction
      • Ignition System
        • Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
      • Fuel System
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
        • Fuel Pump
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Rails & Injectors
          • Removal & Installation
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S)
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
  • Sensor Range Charts
    • Engine Controls - Sensor Operating Range Charts - Q45
      • Sensor Range Charts
  • Engine Controls - Specifications - Q45
    • Introduction
    • Capacities
    • Quick-Service
      • Service Intervals & Specifications
    • Mechanical Checks
      • Engine Compression
      • Valve Clearance
    • Ignition System
      • Ignition Coil
      • Distributor Sensors
      • Spark Plugs
      • Firing Order & Timing Marks
      • Ignition Timing
    • Fuel System
      • Fuel Pump
      • Injector Resistance
      • Idle Speed
      • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
  • System
    • Engine Controls - Basic Testing - Q45
      • Introduction
      • Preliminary Inspection & Adjustments
        • Visual Inspection
        • Mechanical Inspection
          • Notes
          • Compression
          • Exhaust System Backpressure
      • Fuel System
        • Fuel Pressure
          • Notes
          • Relieving Fuel Pressure
          • Checking Fuel Pressure
      • Ignition Checks
        • DISTRIBUTORLESS Ignition System Checks
          • Notes
          • Ignition Coil Power Source
          • Ground Circuit
          • Output Signal Circuit
          • ECCS Relay
          • Ignition Coil Resistance
          • Power Transistor
          • Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor
          • Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor
      • Idle Speed & Ignition Timing
        • Idle Speed
      • Summary
    • Engine Controls - System/Component Tests - Q45
      • Introduction
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Engine Control Module (ECM)
          • Ground Circuits
          • Power Circuits
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Notes
        • Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor
        • Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
        • EGR Temperature Sensor
        • Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor
        • Left Front Heated Oxygen Sensor
        • Right Front Heated Oxygen Sensor
        • Left Rear Heated Oxygen Sensor
        • Right Rear Heated Oxygen Sensor
        • Knock Sensor (KS)
        • Mass Airflow (MAF) Sensor
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch
        • Start Signal
        • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
      • Relays & Solenoids
        • Relays
          • A/C Clutch Relay
          • ECCS, Fuel Pump & Ignition Coil Relays
          • Park/Neutral Relay
        • Solenoids
          • Canister Purge Solenoid
          • EGRC Solenoid
      • Fuel System
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Relieving Fuel Pressure
          • Fuel Pressure
          • Fuel Pressure Regulator
          • Fuel Pump
          • Fuel Pump Control System
          • Fuel Pump Control Module (FPCM)
          • Fuel Pump Relay
          • Start Signal
        • Fuel Control
          • Notes
          • Fuel Injector
      • Idle Control System
        • Notes
        • System Test
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve
      • Ignition System
        • Introduction
        • DISTRIBUTORLESS Ignition System
          • Ignition Coil
          • Power Transistor
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor
        • Ignition Timing Control System
          • Timing Advance System
          • Detonation (Knock) Retard
        • Start Signal System Test
      • Emission Systems & Sub-Systems
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR)
          • Notes
          • EGR System Check
          • EGR Backpressure Transducer
          • EGR Valve
          • EGR & Canister Control Solenoid
          • EGR Function
          • EGR Temperature Sensor
        • Fuel Evaporation
          • Notes
          • Carbon Canister & Purge Control Valve
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV)
      • Miscellaneous Controls
        • Notes
        • A/C Clutch Relay
      • Component Locations
    • Engine Controls - Tests W/Codes - Q45
      • Introduction
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Electronic Concentrated Control System (ECCS)
          • Notes
          • Scan Tester
          • Hard Failures
          • Intermittent Failures
        • Malfunction Indicator Light (Mil)
        • Diagnostic Modes
          • Notes
          • Mode 1: Current Data
          • Mode 2: Freeze Data
          • Mode 3: Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs)
          • Mode 4: Clearing Codes
          • Mode 5: Heated O2 System Status
        • ECM Location
        • Entering Self-Diagnostics
          • Using MIL
          • Using Scan Tester
        • Retrieving Codes
          • Using MIL
          • Using Scan Tester
        • Clearing Codes
          • Notes
          • Using MIL
          • Using Scan Tester
      • Final Check
        • Final Check For All Code Charts
      • Trouble Code Definition
      • Circuit Tests
        • Please Read This First
        • ECM Harness Connector
        • DTC P0100: Mass Airflow (MAF) Sensor
        • DTC P0110: Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor
        • DTC P0115 Or P0125: Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
        • DTC P0120: Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
        • DTC P0130: Front Left Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S)
        • DTC P0135: Front Left Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) Heater
        • DTC P0136: Left Rear Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S)
        • DTC P0141: Left Rear Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) Heater
        • DTC P0150: Front Right Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S)
        • DTC P0155: Front Right Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) Heater
        • DTC P0156: Right Rear Left Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S)
        • DTC P0161: Right Rear Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) Heater
        • DTC P0171 Or P0172: Fuel Injection System (Left Bank)
        • DTC P0174 Or P0175: Fuel Injection System (Left Bank)
        • DTC P0300 Through DTC P0308: Cylinder Misfire/Multiple Cylinder Misfire
        • DTC P0325: Knock Sensor (KS)
        • DTC P0335 Or P1336: Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor
        • DTC P0340: Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor
        • DTC P0400: EGR Function
        • DTC P0402: EGR Control BACKPRESSURE Transducer (EGRC-BPT) Valve
          • Check Component
        • DTC P0420 Or P0430: 3-Way Catalyst Function
        • DTC P0500: Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS)
        • DTC P0505: Idle Air Control (IAC)
        • DTC P0600 Or P1605: A/T Control
        • DTC P0605: ECM-ECCS Control Module
        • DTC P0705: Park/Neutral Position Switch
        • DTC P1110: Left Intake Valve Timing Control (IVTC) Solenoid
        • DTC P1125: Tandem Throttle Position Sensor
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • DTC P1135: Right Intake Valve Timing Control (IVTC) Solenoid
        • DTC P1140: Left Intake Valve Timing Control (IVTC) Position Sensor
        • DTC P1145: Right Intake Valve Timing Control (IVTC) Position Sensor
        • DTC P1210: Traction Control System (TCS) Signal Circuit
        • DTC P1220: Fuel Pump Control Module (FPCM)
        • DTC P1320: Ignition Signal
        • DTC P1336: Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor
        • DTC 1400: EGR Valve & EVAP Canister Purge Control Solenoid
        • DTC P1401: EGR Temperature Sensor
        • DTC 1900: Radiator Cooling Fan Control
      • Summary
    • Engine Controls - Tests W/O Codes - Q45
      • Introduction
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Symptom Diagnosis
        • Backfire
        • Engine Stalls
        • Engine Stalls Under Acceleration/Deceleration
        • Engine Stalls Under Heavy Electrical Load
        • Engine Run-On (Dieseling)
        • Excessive Fuel Consumption
        • Hard Start/Will Not Start
        • Hesitation, Flat Spot Or Surge
        • High Idle (No Return To Idle)
        • Hunting
        • Lack Of Power
        • Rough Idle
        • Spark Knock (Pinging)
        • Surge
        • Unstable Idle
      • INTERMITTENTS
        • Intermittent Problem Diagnosis
        • Test Procedures
          • Intermittent Simulation
  • Testing & Diagnosis
    • Engine Controls - Basic Testing - Q45
      • Introduction
      • Preliminary Inspection & Adjustments
        • Visual Inspection
        • Mechanical Inspection
          • Notes
          • Compression
          • Exhaust System Backpressure
      • Fuel System
        • Fuel Pressure
          • Notes
          • Relieving Fuel Pressure
          • Checking Fuel Pressure
      • Ignition Checks
        • DISTRIBUTORLESS Ignition System Checks
          • Notes
          • Ignition Coil Power Source
          • Ground Circuit
          • Output Signal Circuit
          • ECCS Relay
          • Ignition Coil Resistance
          • Power Transistor
          • Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor
          • Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor
      • Idle Speed & Ignition Timing
        • Idle Speed
      • Summary
    • Engine Controls - System/Component Tests - Q45
      • Introduction
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Engine Control Module (ECM)
          • Ground Circuits
          • Power Circuits
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Notes
        • Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor
        • Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
        • EGR Temperature Sensor
        • Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor
        • Left Front Heated Oxygen Sensor
        • Right Front Heated Oxygen Sensor
        • Left Rear Heated Oxygen Sensor
        • Right Rear Heated Oxygen Sensor
        • Knock Sensor (KS)
        • Mass Airflow (MAF) Sensor
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch
        • Start Signal
        • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
      • Relays & Solenoids
        • Relays
          • A/C Clutch Relay
          • ECCS, Fuel Pump & Ignition Coil Relays
          • Park/Neutral Relay
        • Solenoids
          • Canister Purge Solenoid
          • EGRC Solenoid
      • Fuel System
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Relieving Fuel Pressure
          • Fuel Pressure
          • Fuel Pressure Regulator
          • Fuel Pump
          • Fuel Pump Control System
          • Fuel Pump Control Module (FPCM)
          • Fuel Pump Relay
          • Start Signal
        • Fuel Control
          • Notes
          • Fuel Injector
      • Idle Control System
        • Notes
        • System Test
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve
      • Ignition System
        • Introduction
        • DISTRIBUTORLESS Ignition System
          • Ignition Coil
          • Power Transistor
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor
        • Ignition Timing Control System
          • Timing Advance System
          • Detonation (Knock) Retard
        • Start Signal System Test
      • Emission Systems & Sub-Systems
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR)
          • Notes
          • EGR System Check
          • EGR Backpressure Transducer
          • EGR Valve
          • EGR & Canister Control Solenoid
          • EGR Function
          • EGR Temperature Sensor
        • Fuel Evaporation
          • Notes
          • Carbon Canister & Purge Control Valve
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV)
      • Miscellaneous Controls
        • Notes
        • A/C Clutch Relay
      • Component Locations
    • Engine Controls - Tests W/Codes - Q45
      • Introduction
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Electronic Concentrated Control System (ECCS)
          • Notes
          • Scan Tester
          • Hard Failures
          • Intermittent Failures
        • Malfunction Indicator Light (Mil)
        • Diagnostic Modes
          • Notes
          • Mode 1: Current Data
          • Mode 2: Freeze Data
          • Mode 3: Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs)
          • Mode 4: Clearing Codes
          • Mode 5: Heated O2 System Status
        • ECM Location
        • Entering Self-Diagnostics
          • Using MIL
          • Using Scan Tester
        • Retrieving Codes
          • Using MIL
          • Using Scan Tester
        • Clearing Codes
          • Notes
          • Using MIL
          • Using Scan Tester
      • Final Check
        • Final Check For All Code Charts
      • Trouble Code Definition
      • Circuit Tests
        • Please Read This First
        • ECM Harness Connector
        • DTC P0100: Mass Airflow (MAF) Sensor
        • DTC P0110: Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor
        • DTC P0115 Or P0125: Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
        • DTC P0120: Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
        • DTC P0130: Front Left Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S)
        • DTC P0135: Front Left Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) Heater
        • DTC P0136: Left Rear Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S)
        • DTC P0141: Left Rear Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) Heater
        • DTC P0150: Front Right Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S)
        • DTC P0155: Front Right Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) Heater
        • DTC P0156: Right Rear Left Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S)
        • DTC P0161: Right Rear Heated Oxygen Sensor (Ho2S) Heater
        • DTC P0171 Or P0172: Fuel Injection System (Left Bank)
        • DTC P0174 Or P0175: Fuel Injection System (Left Bank)
        • DTC P0300 Through DTC P0308: Cylinder Misfire/Multiple Cylinder Misfire
        • DTC P0325: Knock Sensor (KS)
        • DTC P0335 Or P1336: Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor
        • DTC P0340: Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor
        • DTC P0400: EGR Function
        • DTC P0402: EGR Control BACKPRESSURE Transducer (EGRC-BPT) Valve
          • Check Component
        • DTC P0420 Or P0430: 3-Way Catalyst Function
        • DTC P0500: Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS)
        • DTC P0505: Idle Air Control (IAC)
        • DTC P0600 Or P1605: A/T Control
        • DTC P0605: ECM-ECCS Control Module
        • DTC P0705: Park/Neutral Position Switch
        • DTC P1110: Left Intake Valve Timing Control (IVTC) Solenoid
        • DTC P1125: Tandem Throttle Position Sensor
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • DTC P1135: Right Intake Valve Timing Control (IVTC) Solenoid
        • DTC P1140: Left Intake Valve Timing Control (IVTC) Position Sensor
        • DTC P1145: Right Intake Valve Timing Control (IVTC) Position Sensor
        • DTC P1210: Traction Control System (TCS) Signal Circuit
        • DTC P1220: Fuel Pump Control Module (FPCM)
        • DTC P1320: Ignition Signal
        • DTC P1336: Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor
        • DTC 1400: EGR Valve & EVAP Canister Purge Control Solenoid
        • DTC P1401: EGR Temperature Sensor
        • DTC 1900: Radiator Cooling Fan Control
      • Summary
    • Engine Controls - Tests W/O Codes - Q45
      • Introduction
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Symptom Diagnosis
        • Backfire
        • Engine Stalls
        • Engine Stalls Under Acceleration/Deceleration
        • Engine Stalls Under Heavy Electrical Load
        • Engine Run-On (Dieseling)
        • Excessive Fuel Consumption
        • Hard Start/Will Not Start
        • Hesitation, Flat Spot Or Surge
        • High Idle (No Return To Idle)
        • Hunting
        • Lack Of Power
        • Rough Idle
        • Spark Knock (Pinging)
        • Surge
        • Unstable Idle
      • INTERMITTENTS
        • Intermittent Problem Diagnosis
        • Test Procedures
          • Intermittent Simulation
  • Theory and Operation
    • Engine Controls - Theory & Operation - Q45
      • Introduction
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Notes
        • Engine Control Module (ECM)
        • Malfunction Indicator Light (Mil)
        • Input Devices
          • Notes
          • Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor
          • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
          • EGR Temperature Sensor
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S)
          • Knock Sensor (KS)
          • Mass Airflow (MAF) Sensor
          • Neutral Position Switch (M/T)/Inhibitor Switch (A/T)
          • Power Steering Oil Pressure Switch
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
          • Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS)
        • Output Signals
          • Notes
          • A/C Relay
          • Canister Purge Control Solenoid
          • EGR Valve
          • EGR Control (EGRC) Solenoid
          • ECCS Relay
          • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Pressure Regulator
          • Fuel Pump Control Unit
          • Fuel Pump Relay
          • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve
          • IAC Valve Auxiliary Air Control (AAC) Valve
          • Ignition Coil Relay
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) Heater
          • Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL)
          • Power Transistor(s) & Ignition Coil(s)
          • Radiator Fan Relay
          • Self-Diagnostic System
      • Fuel System
        • Fuel Delivery
          • Fuel Injector
          • Fuel Pump
          • Fuel Pump Control Unit
          • Fuel Pump Relay
          • Fuel Pressure Regulator
        • Fuel Control
          • Feedback System
          • Multipoint Fuel Injection
        • Idle Speed
          • Notes
          • Air Cut Valve (With TCS)
          • IAC Valve-Auxiliary Air Control (IACV-AAC) Valve
          • Fast Idle Cam (FIC)
      • Ignition System
        • Notes
        • Electronic Ignition (EI) System
        • Ignition Timing Control System
          • Ignition Timing Control
          • Knock Retard Operation
      • Emission Systems
        • Notes
        • Fuel Evaporative System (EVAP)
          • Notes
          • Purge Control Valve
          • Vapor Canister
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR)
          • Notes
          • EGR Control Solenoid Backpressure Transducer Valve
          • EGR Control (EGRC) Solenoid Valve
          • EGR & Canister Control Solenoid Valve
          • EGR Temperature Sensor
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Notes
        • DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs)
        • Malfunction Indicator Light (Mil)
      • Miscellaneous Controls
        • Notes
        • A/C Clutch Relay
  • Vacuum Diagrams
    • Vacuum Hose Diagram(S)
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • Wiring Diagrams
• General Information
  • Abbreviations
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
  • Basic Trouble Shooting
    • Basic Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Accessories & Electrical
        • Charging System Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
      • Air Conditioning & Heat
        • Air Conditioning Trouble Shooting
        • Heater System Trouble Shooting
      • Brakes
        • Brake System Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Mechanical
        • Cooling System Trouble Shooting
        • Gasoline Engine - Mechanical Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Performance
        • Carburetor Trouble Shooting:
        • Diesel Engine Trouble Shooting
        • Fuel Injection Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
        • Tune-Up Trouble Shooting - Gas Engine Vehicles
        • Vacuum Pump - Diesel Trouble Shooting
      • Manual Transmission
        • Manual Transmission Trouble Shooting
      • Powertrain
        • Clutch Trouble Shooting
        • Drive Axle - Noise Diagnosis
          • Unrelated Noises
          • Non-Drive Axle Noises
          • Gear Noise
          • Chuckle
          • Knock
          • Clunk
          • Bearing Whine
          • Bearing Rumble
          • Chatter On Turns
          • Axle Shaft Noise
          • Vibration
        • Drive Axle - RWD Trouble Shooting
        • Fwd Axle Shafts & CV Joints Trouble Shooting
      • Steering & Suspension
        • Manual Steering Gear Trouble Shooting
        • Power Steering Trouble Shooting
        • Steering Column Trouble Shooting
        • Suspension Trouble Shooting
        • Wheel Alignment Trouble Shooting
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Engine Performance - Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Engine Performance
  • Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions
    • Map - Brake Systems
      • Brake Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accelerometers
        • Accumulators
        • Anchor Pins
        • Anti-Lock Brake Control Assembly(Module)
        • Anti-Lock Brake Controller
        • Anti-Lock Brake Systems
        • Axle Seal
        • Backing Plates
        • Bleeder Screw
        • Brake Abs Active Light (Blue)
        • Brake Fluid
        • Brake Friction Material
        • Brake On - Off Switch
        • Brake Pads
        • Brake Pedals
        • Brake Shoe Hardware
        • Brake Shoes
        • Brake Stoplight Switches
        • Brake Warning Light (Amber)
        • Brake Warning Light (Red)
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs And LEDS
        • Caliper Hardware
        • Caliper Mounting Pin
        • Caliper Piston
        • Caliper Shim
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt) Dust Boot
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt)
        • Calipers
        • Combination Valve
        • Controllers
        • Digital Ratio Axle Controllers And Buffers (Drab And Dram)
        • Disable Switches
        • Drums
        • Electrical Brake Pumps
        • Electrical Park Motor
        • Electrical Pumps And Motors
        • Electro-Magnetic Interference
        • Electronic Brake Control Modulator
        • Electronic Brake Distribution
        • Electronic Brake Traction Control Module
        • Electronic Controllers
        • Electronic Traction Control
        • External Brake Cable
        • Flow Control Valve
        • Fluid Level Sensor Switches
        • Fluid
        • Four Wheel Drive Switches
        • Friction Material
        • G Sensors
        • Gaskets
        • Gravitational Switches
        • Grease Seal
        • Height Sensing Proportioning Valve
        • High Pressure Accumulator
        • Hoses
        • Hub
        • Hydraulic Control Unit
        • Hydraulic Modulators
        • Hydro-Boosters
        • Hydro-Electric Boosters (POWERMASTER)
        • Ignition Disable Switches
        • Lamp Driver Relay
        • Lateral Acceleration Switches
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Low Pressure Accumulator
        • Lug Nut
        • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
        • Master Cylinders
        • Modulators
        • Motor Pack
        • Motors
        • Pads
        • Parking Brake Cable
        • Parking Brake Mechanism
        • Parking Brake Shoes
        • Parking Brake Switches
        • Parking Brake Systems
        • Pedal Travel Switches
        • Pedals
        • Power Distribution Center
        • POWERMASTER
        • Pressure Differential Switches
        • Pressure Switches
        • Pressure Transducers
        • Proportioning Valve
        • Pumps
        • Relays
        • RELUCTOR (Speed) Ring
        • Rotors
        • Self-Adjusting Systems
        • Shoe Hardware
        • Shoes
        • Sockets
        • Speed Sensor (RELUCTOR) Ring
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Star Wheel
        • Steel Brake Lines
        • Stoplight Switches
        • Stroke Sensor
        • Switches
        • Tires
        • Tone Ring
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Traction Control System (TCS)
        • Transfer Tubes
        • Vacuum Boosters
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Valves
        • Wear Indicator
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheel Cylinders
        • Wiring Harnesses
        • Yaw Rate Sensor
      • Brake System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Map - Routine Inspection Reference Guide
      • Routine Inspection Reference Guide
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Maintenance Overview
          • Antifreeze/Coolant
          • Visual Inspection
          • Radiator Cap Test
          • Engine Fan
          • Cooling System Power Flush And Refill
          • Belts (Except Timing Belts)
          • Belt TENSIONER
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid Exchange & Filter Replacement
          • Engine Oil
          • Air Filters
          • Cabin Air Filter
          • Brake Fluid
          • Battery
          • Battery Cables
          • Power Steering
          • Power Steering Fluid
          • Wiper Blades
        • Routine Inspection CHECKSHEET
        • Routine Inspection - UICS
          • Brake Systems
            • Notes
            • Brake Fluid
            • Bulbs And LEDS
            • Hoses
            • Lenses
            • Lug Nut
            • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
            • Parking Brake Cable
            • Vacuum Hoses
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
          • Drivetrain And Transmission
            • Notes
            • Automatic Transmission Fluid
            • Clutch Master Cylinders
            • Cooler Lines
            • Coolers
            • Differential Fluid
            • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Filters And Screens
            • Fluids And Lubricants
            • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
            • Hydraulic Fluid
            • Lubricants
            • Manual Transmission Fluid
            • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
            • Transfer Case Fluid
            • Vacuum Hoses
          • Electrical Systems
            • Batteries
            • Battery Cables
            • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
            • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
            • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
            • Ground Cables And Straps
            • Ground Straps
            • Lenses
            • Sealed Beams
            • Washer Pumps
            • Wiper Arms And Blades
            • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
            • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
          • Engine Performance And Maintenance
            • Notes
            • Accessory Belts
            • Air Filter Elements
            • Air Filter Gaskets
            • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
            • Air Pump Belts
            • Batteries
            • Battery Connectors
            • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
            • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
            • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
            • Coolant Recovery Tanks
            • Coolant
            • Distributor Caps
            • Distributor Rotors
            • Engine Cooling Systems
            • Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
            • Engine Oil
            • Fuel Filters
            • Fuel Injector Cleaning
            • Fuel Injectors
            • Fuel System Cleaning Service
            • Hose Clamps
            • Hose Connectors
            • Hose Couplers
            • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
            • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
            • Intake Cleaning
            • O2 Sensors
            • PCV Breather Elements
            • PCV Valves
            • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
            • Spark Plugs
            • Thermostats And Housings
            • Throttle Body Cleaning
            • Timing Belts
            • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
          • Exhaust Systems
            • Notes
            • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
          • Heating, Ventilation And Air Conditioning Systems
            • Notes
            • Belts
            • Cabin Air Filters
            • Coolant
            • Evaporator Drain Tubes
            • Evaporator Filters
            • In-Line Filters
            • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
          • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
            • Notes
            • Hydraulic Hoses
            • Power Steering Belts
            • Power Steering Fluid
            • Power Steering Hoses
            • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
            • Strut Rods
            • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
            • Tire Pressure Sensors
            • Tires
            • Valve Stems
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
      • Wheel & Tire Supplement
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
        • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
        • Wheel & Tire - UICS
          • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
          • Tire Pressure Sensors
          • Tires
          • Wheel Alignment
          • Wheel Attachment Hardware
          • Wheels (Rims)
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Check Lists
    • Symptom Check List Worksheet - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose
        • Notes
        • Why Use the Symptom Check List Worksheets?
        • Making the Worksheets a Part of Your Normal Routine
      • Symptom Check List Worksheets
        • Condensed Version - All On One Page
        • Full Version - All On Four Pages
        • Individual System-Based Check Lists
  • Computer Relearn Procedures
    • Computer Relearn Procedures
      • Notes
      • Generic Computer Relearn Procedures
        • Notes
        • Automatic Transmission
        • Manual Transmission
  • OBD-II Drive Cycles
    • * Please Read This First *
    • Drive Cycles (1996 & 1997 Models)
      • Notes
      • Introduction
      • Infiniti SRT Drive Patterns
      • Nissan SRT Drive Patterns
    • Drive Cycles (1998 & 2013 Models)
      • Drive Cycle Pattern Identification
        • Infiniti Drive Cycle Pattern Identification
        • Nissan Drive Cycle Pattern Identification
      • Drive Cycle Patterns
        • Drive Cycle Pattern No. 1
        • Drive Cycle Pattern No. 2
        • Drive Cycle Pattern No. 3
        • Drive Cycle Pattern No. 4
        • Drive Cycle Pattern No. 5
        • Drive Cycle Pattern No. 6
        • Drive Cycle Pattern No. 7
        • Drive Cycle Pattern No. 8
        • Drive Cycle Pattern No. 9
        • Drive Cycle Pattern No. 10
        • Drive Cycle Pattern No. 11
        • Drive Cycle Pattern No. 12
        • Drive Cycle Pattern No. 13
        • Drive Cycle Pattern No. 14
        • Drive Cycle Pattern No. 15
        • Drive Cycle Pattern No. 16
        • Drive Cycle Pattern No. 17
        • Drive Cycle Pattern No. 18
        • Drive Cycle Pattern No. 19
        • Drive Cycle Pattern No. 20
        • Drive Cycle Pattern No. 21
        • Drive Cycle Pattern No. 22
        • Drive Cycle Pattern No. 23
        • Drive Cycle Pattern No. 24
        • Drive Cycle Pattern No. 25
        • Drive Cycle Pattern No. 26
        • Drive Cycle Pattern No. 27
        • Drive Cycle Pattern No. 28
  • Driveline/Axles
    • Drive Axle Noise Diagnosis - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Unrelated Noises
      • Non-Drive Axle Noises
      • Gear Noise
      • Chuckle
      • Knock
      • Clunk
      • Bearing Whine
      • Bearing Rumble
      • Chatter On Turns
      • Axle Shaft Noise
      • Vibration
    • Gear Tooth Contact Patterns - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Inspection
        • Notes
        • Gear Tooth Contact Pattern
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Gear Backlash & Pinion Shim Changes
    • Map - Drive Train & Transmission
      • Drive Train & Transmission Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Drivetrain And Transmission
        • Notes
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Automatic Transmission / Transaxle Assemblies/CVTS
        • Automatic Transmission Fluid
        • Axles
        • Bearings And Races
        • Bell Cranks
        • Bell Housings
        • Bushings (External)
        • Cables (Speedometer)
        • Cables (TV, Detent And Shift)
        • Carrier Bearings
        • Clutch Cables And Cable Housings
        • Clutch Discs (Manual Transmissions)
        • Clutch Forks
        • Clutch Linkages (Mechanical)
        • Clutch Master Cylinders
        • Clutch Pedals
        • Clutch Pivots
        • Clutch Pressure Plates
        • Clutch Release Bearings
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Concentric)
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Conventional Or External)
        • Companion Flanges
        • Connectors
        • Cooler Bypass Valves
        • Cooler Lines
        • Coolers
        • CV Joints
        • Differential And Final Drive Assemblies
        • Differential Fluid
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks (Fluid Level Indicators)
        • Dowel Pins, Guides And Pilot Holes
        • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Drive Shaft Flanges
        • Drive Shafts And Half Shafts
        • Dust Boots
        • Engine Mounts
        • Exciter Rings
        • Filler Tubes
        • Filters And Screens
        • Flanges
        • Flex Plates
        • Fluid Level Indicators
        • Fluids And Lubricants
        • Flywheels
        • Force Motors
        • Gaskets
        • Guides
        • Half Shafts
        • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
        • Housings (Bell, Case, Tail(Extension) And Auxiliary)
        • Hydraulic Fluid
        • Intermediate Shaft Support Bearings
        • Key Interlock Systems
        • Limited Slips
        • Lines
        • Linkages (External)
        • Locking Hub Assemblies
        • Locking Hub Control Knobs
        • Lubricants
        • Manual Transmission Fluid
        • Manual Transmission/Transaxle Assemblies
        • Metal Clad Seals
        • METALASTIC Joints
        • Modulator Pins
        • Modulators
        • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
        • Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Oil Pans
        • Pans
        • Pilot Holes
        • Pressure Plates
        • Pressure Switches
        • Races
        • Rubber Joints (METALASTIC)
        • Screens
        • Seals (Metal Clad)
        • Seals
        • Selector Interlock Systems
        • Sensors
        • Servos
        • Shift Interlock Systems (Selector And Key Interlock Systems)
        • Side Covers
        • Slip Yokes
        • Solenoids
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Speedometer- Driven Gear Housing
        • Speedometer/Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Speedometer/Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Speedometers/Odometers (Electronic)
        • Switches
        • Tone Wheels
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Torque Converters
        • Transaxle Mounts
        • Transducers (Transmission)
        • Transfer Case Assemblies
        • Transfer Case Fluid
        • Transmission Coolers
        • Transmission Mounts
        • Transmission Pans
        • Transmission Range Indicators (PRNDL)
        • Tubes
        • Universal Joints (CARDAN Or Cross Type)
        • Vacuum Controls
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Vacuum Motors
        • Vacuum-Operated Switches
        • Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Vents
        • Vibration Dampers
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Speed Sensors
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
        • Yokes And Slip Yokes
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Trouble Shooting - Clutches - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • All Models
  • DTC Index
    • Air Bag Restraint System DTCS
    • Anti-Lock - Traction Control DTCS
    • Automatic Drive Positioner System DTCS
    • Automatic Transmissions DTC
    • Engine PERMANCE DTCS
    • Multiplex Control System DTCS
  • Electrical
    • Map - Electrical Systems
      • Electrical Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Actuator Motors (Electric)
        • Actuator Motors (Vacuum)
        • Air Bags
        • Alternators And Generators
        • Amplifiers
        • Antennas
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Cables
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belts
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
        • Cd Players
        • Cigarette Lighter Assemblies
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Clutch Switches
        • Connectors
        • Control Modules
        • Cruise Control Brake Switches
        • Cruise Control Cables
        • Cruise Control Clutch Switches
        • Cruise Control Linkages And Cables
        • Cruise Control Reservoirs
        • Cruise Control Tubes
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Dump Release Valves
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And
        • Cruise Control Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Defoggers
        • Defrosters
        • Delays
        • Dimmers
        • Electric Heaters
        • Equalizers
        • Fuse Blocks
        • Fuse Boxes And Blocks
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gauges
        • Generators
        • Ground Cables And Straps
        • Ground Straps
        • Headlight Adjusters
        • Heating Elements (Defrosters, Defoggers, Electric Heaters And Seats)
        • Horns And Sirens
        • Ignition Switches
        • Indicator Lights
        • Keyless Entry Keypads And Transmitters
        • Keyless Entry Transmitters
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Microphones
        • Mirrors (ELECTROCHROMATIC And Heated)
        • Motors
        • Neutral Safety Switches
        • Odometers, Speedometers And Tachometers (Cable Driven)
        • Odometers
        • Power Distribution Center
        • Pulleys
        • Receivers, Amplifiers, Equalizers And Sub-Woofer Volume Controls
        • Relay Boxes
        • Relays
        • Sealed Beams
        • Seat Heaters
        • Security Alarm Sensors
        • Sirens
        • Solenoids
        • Speakers And Microphones
        • Speedometer And Tachometer Linkages And Cables
        • Speedometer Cables
        • Speedometers
        • Starters
        • Sub-Woofer Volume Control
        • Switches
        • Tachometer Cables
        • Tachometers
        • Tape Players And Cd Players
        • TENSIONERS
        • Timers
        • Transceivers
        • Transducers
        • Vacuum Accumulators (Reservoirs)
        • Voltage Regulators
        • Washer Fluid Level Senders
        • Washer Pumps
        • Wiper Arms And Blades
        • Wiper Blades
        • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
        • Wiper Linkages
        • Wiper Nozzles
        • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Battery, Starting & Charging System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
  • Engine
    • Engine Overhaul Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Engine Identification
      • Inspection Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Magnetic Particle Inspection
          • Notes
          • Magnaflux & Magnaglo
        • Penetrant Inspection
          • Notes
          • Zyglo
          • Dye Check
        • Ultrasonic Inspection
        • X-Ray Inspection
        • Pressure Testing
      • Cleaning Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Bead Blasting
        • Chemical Cleaning
      • Component Cleaning
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Sheet Metal Parts
        • Intake & Exhaust Manifolds
      • Cylinder Head Replacement
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Installation
        • Valve Adjustment
      • Cylinder Head Overhaul
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cylinder Head Disassembly
        • Cylinder Head Cleaning & Inspection
        • Valve Springs
        • Valve Guide
          • Notes
          • Measuring Valve Guide Clearance
          • Reaming Valve Guide
          • Replacing Valve Guide
        • Valves & Valve Seats
          • Notes
          • Valve Grinding
          • Valve Lapping
          • Valve Seat Grinding
          • Valve Seat Replacement
          • Valve Seat Concentricity
        • Cylinder Head Reassembly
          • Notes
          • Valve Stem Installed Height
        • Valve Stem Oil Seals
          • Notes
          • Replacement (On-Vehicle)
        • Valve Spring Installed Height
        • Rocker Arms & Assemblies
          • Notes
          • Rocker Studs
          • Rocker Arms & Shafts
        • Push Rods
        • Lifters
          • Notes
          • Hydraulic Lifters
          • Mechanical Lifters
      • Pistons, Connecting Rods & Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Ridge Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Cleaning
          • Inspection
        • Piston & Cylinder Bore Fit
        • Assembling Piston & Connecting Rod
        • Checking Piston Ring Clearances
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Installation
        • Connecting Rod Side Clearance
        • Main & Connecting Rod Bearing Clearance
          • Notes
          • Plastigage Method
          • Micrometer & Telescopic Gauge Method
      • Crankshaft & Main Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Installation
        • Crankshaft End Play
          • Notes
          • Dial Indicator Method
          • Feeler Gauge Method
        • Cylinder Block
          • Notes
          • Block Cleaning
          • Block Inspection
          • Cylinder Bore Inspection
          • Cylinder Honing
          • Deck Warpage
          • Deck Height
          • Main Bearing Bore & Alignment
          • Expansion Plug Removal
          • Expansion Plug Installation
          • Oil Gallery Plug Removal
          • Oil Gallery Plug Installation
      • Camshaft
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Camshaft Bearings
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Camshaft Installation
        • Camshaft End Play
      • Timing Chains & Belts
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Chains
        • Timing Belts
        • Tension Adjustment
      • Timing Gears
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Gear Backlash & RUNOUT
        • Rear Main Oil Seal Installation
          • Notes
          • One-Piece Type Seal
          • Rope Type Seal
          • Split-Rubber Type Seal
      • Oil Pump
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Rotor Type
        • Gear Type
      • Break-In Procedure
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Engine Pre-Oiling
        • Initial Start-Up
        • Camshaft
        • Piston Rings
        • Final Adjustments
    • General Cooling System Service - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Maintenance
        • Draining
        • Flushing
          • Notes
          • Radiator
          • Engine Block
        • Refilling
      • Testing
        • Thermostat
        • Pressure Testing
          • Notes
          • Radiator Cap
          • Cooling System
  • Engine Performance
    • Electrostatic Discharge Warning - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Introduction
      • Handling Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
      • Checking Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
    • Engine Performance Diagnostic Routine Outline - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Where Does DRIVEABILITY Diagnosis Start?
        • Perform Basic Inspection
        • Check For Trouble Codes
        • Diagnose Symptom
        • Test System
    • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
      • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
    • Map - Engine Performance & Maintenance
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance (Including Exhaust Systems)
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Engine Performance & Maintenance CHECKSHEET
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance
        • Notes
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor
        • Accessory Belts
        • Accessory Pulleys
        • Air Conditioning Cycling Switches
        • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensors
        • Air Ducts And Tubes
        • Air Filter Elements
        • Air Filter Gaskets
        • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
        • Air Fuel Ratio Sensors
        • Air Injection Control Solenoids
        • Air Plenums
        • Air Pump Belts
        • Air Pumps (Electric Driven)
        • Air Tubes
        • Aspirator, Check And DECEL Valves
        • Baffles
        • Ballast Primary Supply Resistor Wires
        • Ballast Resistors And Primary Supply Resistors
        • Barometric Pressure Sensors
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Connectors
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
        • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
        • Belt-Driven Air Pumps
        • Boost Control Mechanism
        • Camshaft Position Sensors
        • Carburetors And Chokes
        • Casting Core Plugs And Expansion Plugs
        • Charge Air Coolers ""INTERCOOLERS"" (CAC)
        • Check Valves
        • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Chokes
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switches
        • Cold Start Injectors
        • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
        • Connectors
        • Coolant Recovery Tanks
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Motor Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Relays And Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Resistors
        • Cooling Fan Motor Sensors And Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motor Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Crankshaft Position Sensors
        • Cylinder Deactivation Solenoid
        • Cylinder Head Assemblies
        • DECEL Valves
        • Deflectors
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks And Tubes
        • Distributor Advances And Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Boots And Shields
        • Distributor Caps
        • Distributor Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Rotors
        • Distributor Shields
        • Distributors
        • Early Fuel Evaporation Valves (Heat Riser Assemblies)
        • EGR Coolers
        • EGR Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Intake And Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Plates And Coolers
        • Electronic Spark Control Modules
        • Electronic Transmission Control Devices
        • Electronic Transmission Feedback Devices
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensors
        • Engine Cooling Systems
        • Engine Covers (Oil Pan, Valve Cover, Timing Cover)
        • Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Engine Oil Canisters
        • Engine Oil Coolers (External)
        • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
        • Engine Oil Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Pressure Gauges (Mechanical)
        • Engine Oil
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Filters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Purge Devices
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canisters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Feedback Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Feedback Devices
        • Expansion Plugs
        • Fan Control Sensor
        • Fuel Accumulators And Dampers
        • Fuel And Cold Start Injectors
        • Fuel Caps
        • Fuel Dampers
        • Fuel Delivery Check Valves
        • Fuel Distributors (BOSCH Cis)
        • Fuel Filler Necks And RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel Filters
        • Fuel Injector Cleaning
        • Fuel Injectors
        • Fuel Level Senders
        • Fuel Pressure Regulators
        • Fuel Pumps (In-Tank, External, Electrical Or Mechanical)
        • Fuel Rails
        • Fuel RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel System Cleaning Service
        • Fuel Tanks
        • Fuel
        • Gaskets
        • Grommets (Valve Cover)
        • Harmonic Dampers
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Hose Clamps
        • Hose Connectors
        • Hose Couplers
        • Hoses And Tube Couplers, Connectors And Clamps
        • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
        • Housings
        • Idle Air Controls
        • Idle Speed Control Actuators
        • Ignition Boots
        • Ignition Coil Towers
        • Ignition Coils
        • Ignition Control Modules (ICM)
        • Ignition Switches
        • Ignition Terminals
        • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
        • Inertia Fuel Shut-Off Switches
        • Intake Air Temperature Sensors
        • Intake Cleaning
        • Intake Manifolds
        • In-Tank Fuel Strainers
        • INTERCOOLERS
        • Knock Sensors
        • Liquid Vapor Separators
        • Long Block Assemblies
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensors
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensors
        • Metal Air Manifolds And Pipes
        • Metal Air Pipes
        • Mix Control Solenoids
        • Motor Mounts
        • O2 Sensors
        • Oil Pans
        • Oil Pressure Sending Units
        • Oil Pump Pick-Up Screens
        • Oil Pumps
        • O-Rings, Gaskets, Seals And Spring Locks
        • Park Neutral Position Switches
        • PCV Breather Elements
        • PCV Orifices
        • PCV Valves
        • Pick-Up Assemblies (Includes Magnetic, Hall Effect And Optical)
        • Power Steering Pressure Sensors
        • Powertrain Control Modules (Pcm) And Prom
        • Powertrain Control Prom
        • Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Blades
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiators
        • Roll Over Valves
        • Sealing Compounds
        • Seals
        • Secondary Air Injection System Management Devices
        • Sensors
        • Short Block Assemblies
        • Shrouds, Baffles And Deflectors
        • Spark Plugs
        • Spring Locks
        • Super Chargers
        • Switches
        • Thermal Vacuum Valves
        • Thermostatic Air Door Assemblies
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Throttle Bodies
        • Throttle Body Cleaning
        • Throttle Cables
        • Throttle Linkages And Cables
        • Throttle Position Sensors
        • Throttle Position Switches
        • Timing Belt Sprockets
        • Timing Belts
        • Timing Covers
        • Torque Struts
        • Transmission Range Switches
        • Tube Clamps
        • Tube Connectors
        • Tube Couplers
        • Tubes
        • Turbo Chargers
        • Vacuum Connections
        • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
        • Vacuum Regulator Solenoids
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valve Covers
        • Vehicle Speed Senors
        • Volume Air Flow Sensors
        • Waste Gate And Boost Control Mechanisms
        • Waste Gate Control Solenoids
        • Water Pumps (Electric)
        • Water Pumps (Non-Electric)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Parasitic Load Explanation & Test Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • General Information
      • Testing For Parasitic Load
        • Notes
        • CHRYSLER Ignition Off Draw (IOD) Test
        • Test Procedure Using Test Switch
        • Intermittent Parasitic Load Problems
        • Diode Check & Solenoid Test
        • Quad Driver Test
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
    • Waveforms - Injector Pattern Tutorial - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose Of This Article
        • Notes
        • Scope Of This Article
      • Is A Lab Scope Necessary?
        • Introduction
        • Overview Of NOID Light
          • Notes
          • Use the Right Noid Light
        • Overview Of DVOM
          • Notes
          • Checking Injector Resistance
          • Checking Available Voltage At the Injector
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Built-In Function
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Dwell Or Duty
          • How A Duty Cycle Meter and Dwell Meter Work
          • Strengths of Dwell/Duty Meter
          • Weaknesses of Dwell/Duty Meter
      • The Two Types Of Injector Drivers
        • Notes
        • Overview
        • Voltage Controlled Circuit ("Saturated Switch")
        • Current Controlled Circuit ("Peak & Hold")
      • The Two Ways Injector Circuits Are Wired
      • Interpreting Injector Waveforms
        • Notes
        • Interpreting A Voltage Controlled Pattern
        • Interpreting A Current Controlled Pattern
      • Current Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
      • Voltage Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
  • Map - Exhaust Systems
    • Exhaust Systems
      • Notes
      • Map Standards Of Service
      • The Map Process - Overview
      • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Catalytic Converters
      • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
      • Exhaust Connections
      • Hangers
      • Heat Risers (Mechanical EFE Devices)
      • Heat Shields
      • Manifolds (Cast And Tube Type)
      • Mechanical EFE Devices
      • Muffler Valve
      • Mufflers And Resonators
    • Reason Code Explanation
  • Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
    • Map - Heating, Ventilation, & Air Conditioning
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accumulators
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Air Conditioning Fittings
        • Air Conditioning Hoses
        • Air Conditioning Metal Lines
        • Air Control Doors
        • Air Dams (External)
        • Air Distribution System
        • Belts
        • Blend Doors
        • Blower Fans (Blower Wheel Or Squirrel Cage)
        • Blower Motors
        • Blower Resistors
        • Blower Switches
        • Cabin Air Filters
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Compressor Clutch Assemblies
        • Compressors
        • Condenser Air Seals
        • Condenser Fan Motors
        • Condensers
        • Connectors
        • Control Cables
        • Control Heads (Function Selectors)
        • Control Linkages
        • Control Modules
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Blades
        • Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Evaporator Drain Tubes
        • Evaporator Filters
        • Evaporator Pressure Regulators (EPRS)
        • Evaporators
        • Expansion Valves
        • Function Selectors
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gaskets
        • Heater Cases
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Heater Hoses
        • High Pressure Relief Valves (HPRV)
        • Idlers
        • In-Line Filters
        • Metal Fittings
        • Metal Lines
        • Mix And Air Control Doors (Blend Doors)
        • ORIFACE Tubes
        • O-Rings
        • Pilot-Operated Absolutes (POAS)
        • Plenums
        • Pressure Control Valves
        • Pressure Sensors
        • Pulleys
        • Radiators
        • Receiver-DRIERS
        • Refrigerant Oil
        • Refrigerant
        • Relays
        • Seals
        • Service Ports
        • Spring Lock Couplings
        • Suction Throttling Valves (STVS)
        • Switches (Electrical)
        • TENSIONERS
        • Thermistors And Pressure Sensors
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
        • Vacuum Reservoirs
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valves In Receiver (VIRS)
        • Water Pumps (Electric Auxiliary)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Identification
    • CANADIAN Model Cross-Reference
      • * Please Read This First *
      • ACURA
      • ASUNA
      • AUDI
      • BMW
      • CHRYSLER Corp.
        • CHRYSLER
        • Dodge
        • Eagle
        • PLYMOUTH
      • General Motors
        • BUICK
        • CHEVROLET
        • GMC
        • OLDSMOBILE
        • Optima
        • PONTIAC
      • HYUNDAI
      • Jaguar
      • KIA
      • MAZDA
      • MERCEDES-BENZ
      • Mercury
      • MERKUR
      • MITSUBISHI
      • NISSAN
      • RENAULT
      • SATURN
      • Smart
      • SUBARU
      • SUZUKI
      • TOYOTA
      • VOLKSWAGEN
      • VOLVO
      • All Others
  • Metric Conversions
    • Engine Displacement Conversion Table - ECAT
      • Conversion Table
    • Metric Conversions
      • Metric Conversions
        • Notes
        • Length
        • Volume
        • Torque
        • Pressure
      • Conversion Factors
  • Restraints
    • Air Bag And Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • ACURA (1988-04)
      • DAEWOO (1999-02)
      • HONDA (1991-04)
      • HYUNDAI (1994-04)
      • INFINITI (1990-04)
      • ISUZU (1990-04)
      • KIA (1995-05)
      • LEXUS (1990-04)
      • MAZDA (1990-04)
      • MITSUBISHI (1990-04)
      • NISSAN (1989-04)
      • Scion (2004)
      • SUBARU (1992-04)
      • SUZUKI (1995-04)
      • TOYOTA (1990-04)
    • Air Bag Deactivation Procedures
      • Special Care During Mechanical Repairs
      • ACURA
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling Driver-Side Air Bag (1997 Integra)
          • Disabling Passenger-Side Air Bag (1997 Integra)
          • Activating System (1997 Integra)
          • Disabling System (1997 2.2CL, 3.0CL, 3.5RL, 2.5TL & 3.2TL)
          • Activating System (1997 2.2CL, 3.0CL, 3.5RL, 2.5TL & 3.2TL)
          • Disabling Air Bag System (1998 Models)
          • Activating Air Bag System (1998 Models)
      • AUDI
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
      • BMW
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
      • HONDA
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling Air Bag System
          • Activating Air Bag System
      • HYUNDAI
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
      • INFINITI
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Disabling Air Bag System
          • Activating Air Bag System
      • ISUZU
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Disabling System (Hombre)
          • Activating System (Hombre)
          • Disabling System (1997 Rodeo)
          • Activating System (1997 Rodeo)
          • Disabling System (1997 Trooper)
          • Activating System (1997 Trooper)
          • Disabling System (1998 Rodeo & Trooper)
          • Activating System (1998 Rodeo & Trooper)
      • KIA
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
      • LEXUS
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Disabling System (ES300 & LS400)
          • Activating System (ES300 & LS400)
          • Disabling System (GS300 & GS400)
          • Activating System (GS300 & GS400)
          • Disabling System (SC300 & SC400)
          • Activating System (SC300 & SC400)
          • Disabling System (LX450)
          • Activating System (LX450)
      • MAZDA
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Disabling System (Except Protege)
          • Activating System (Except Protege)
          • Disabling System (Protege)
          • Activating System (Protege)
      • MERCEDES-BENZ
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Disabling System (C230 & C280)
          • Activating System
          • Disabling System (E300D, E300DT, E320, E420 & E430)
          • Disabling System (S320, S420 & S500)
      • MITSUBISHI
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
      • NISSAN
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
      • SUBARU
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
      • SUZUKI
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
      • TOYOTA
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling Air Bag System
          • Activating Air Bag System
      • VOLKSWAGEN
        • System Operation Check
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
      • VOLVO
        • Notes
        • System Operation Check
          • Notes
          • Seat Belt Tensioner Inspection
        • Service Precautions
        • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
          • Notes
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
  • Specifications Index
    • Common Specs & Procedures
      • Specifications Index
  • Steering
    • Map - Steering, Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels & Tires
      • Steering & Suspension Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Wheel And Tire
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
      • Steering & Suspension CHECKSHEET
      • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
      • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
        • Notes
        • Active Handling
        • Active Suspension Control Modules
        • Active Variable Ratio Steering
        • Active Yaw Control
        • Adaptive Cruise Control
        • Advance TRAC
        • Air Bags
        • Air Ride Control Modules
        • Air Ride Suspension Torsion Springs (Counter Balancing)
        • Air Ride Suspension
        • Air Ride Tubes
        • Air Shocks And Air Struts
        • Air Spring Valves
        • Air Springs
        • Air Suspension Control Valves
        • Air Suspension DRIERS
        • Axle Acceleration Sensor
        • Ball Joints
        • Body Acceleration Sensor
        • Bushings
        • Center Links
        • Compressors
        • Continuous Damping Control
        • Control Arm Shafts
        • Control Arms
        • Control Modules
        • Distance Regulation Control Module
        • Distance Regulation Sensor
        • Drag Links
        • Dynamic Stability Control
        • Dynamic Stability Traction Control
        • Electronic Ride Control Shocks And Struts
        • Electronic Stability Control
        • Electronic Suspension System
        • Flex Couplers
        • Gaskets
        • Height Sensors
        • Hydraulic Hoses
        • Hydraulic Power Steering Pumps
        • Hydraulic Suspension Hoses
        • Hydraulic Suspension Pumps
        • Idler Arms
        • Intermediate Shaft U-Joints
        • King Pins
        • Modules
        • Pitman Arms
        • Power Steering Belts
        • Power Steering Coolers
        • Power Steering Fluid
        • Power Steering Hoses
        • Power Steering Lines (Steel)
        • Power Steering Pumps - Electric
        • Power Steering Pumps
        • Radar Sensor
        • Radius Arms
        • Relay Rods
        • Relays
        • Sensors
        • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
        • Spindles
        • Springs, Coil, Leaf And Torsion Bars
        • STABILITRAC
        • Stability Management System
        • Steering Angle Sensor
        • Steering Arms
        • Steering Couplers
        • Steering Dampers
        • Steering Gears (Except Rack And Pinion)
        • Steering Gears, Rack And Pinion
        • Steering Knuckles
        • Strike Out Bumpers
        • Strut Bearing Plate Assemblies
        • Strut Rods
        • Suspension Pumps (Hydraulic)
        • Sway Bar Links
        • Sway Bar Mounting Bushings
        • Sway Bars
        • Switches
        • Tie Rod Ends (Inner And Outer)
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
        • Tire Pressure Sensors
        • Tires
        • Torque Sensor
        • Torsion Springs
        • Track Bar Bushings
        • Track Bars
        • Trailing Arm Bushings
        • Trailing Arms
        • Valve Stems
        • Vehicle Dynamics Control
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor
        • Vehicle Stability Assist
        • Vehicle Stability/Skid Control
        • Warning Lamps
        • Wheel Alignment
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheels (Rims)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Pre-Alignment Instructions
        • Notes
        • General Alignment Checks
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Camber
        • Caster
        • Toe-In Adjustment
        • Toe-Out On Turns
        • Steering Axis Inclination
  • Traction Control Disable Procedures
    • Traction Control Disable
  • Trouble Shooting - Manual Transmission - General Information
    • * Please Read This First *
    • Introduction
• Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
  • General Servicing
    • A/C Compressor Refrigerant Oil Checking
      • A/C Compressor Applications
      • Refrigerant Oil & Refrigerant Capacity Specifications
      • Refrigerant Oil
      • Servicing Precautions
        • Discharging System
        • Disconnecting Lines & Fittings
        • Connecting Lines & Fittings
        • Placing System In Operation
      • CALSONIC
        • V6 6-Cylinder
    • A/C Compressor Servicing
      • A/C Compressor Applications
      • CALSONIC V6
        • Clutch Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • A/C System General Servicing
      • USING R-12 & R-134a REFRIGERANT
        • Notes
        • Handling/Safety Precautions
        • IDENTIFYING R-134a SYSTEMS & COMPONENTS
          • Notes
          • Fittings & "O" Rings
          • Underhood A/C Specification Labels
          • Other Means Of Identification
        • Refrigerant Oils
        • Service Equipment
      • System Service Valves
        • SCHRADER-Type Valves
        • Service Valve Locations
      • Refrigerant Recovery/Recycling
    • Cabin Air Filter
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Cabin Air Filter
          • Removal & Installation (1997-2001)
  • HVAC Control Systems
    • A/C-Heater System - Automatic
      • A/C System Specifications
      • Description
      • Operation
        • Notes
        • A/C-Heater Control Panel
          • Notes
          • AUTO Switch
          • ECON Switch
          • Temperature Switch
          • Off Switch
          • Fan Switch
          • Mode Switch
          • Recirculation Switch
          • Defrost Switch
          • AMB Switch
        • Air Mix Door Motor
        • Ambient Temperature Sensor
        • Aspirator
        • Auto Amplifier
        • Thermal Transmitter
        • Fan Control Amplifier
        • High-Speed Relay
        • Intake Door Motor
        • Intake Sensor
        • In-Vehicle Temperature Sensor
        • Max Cold Door Motor
          • J30
        • Mode Door Motor
        • Potentiometer Balance Resistor (PBR)
        • Potentiometer Temperature Control
        • SUNLOAD Sensor
        • Heater Control Valve
          • J30
      • Adjustments
        • Air Mix Door
          • J30
          • Q45
        • Bi-Level Door
          • Q45
        • Heater Control Valve
          • J30
        • Intake Door
        • Max Cold Door
          • J30
        • Mode Door
        • Rear Ventilator Door
          • Q45
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Notes
        • Self-Diagnostic Information
          • Notes
          • Preliminary Information
        • Entering/Exiting Self-Diagnostics
        • Self-Diagnosis Step 1
          • Checks LEDs & Segments
        • Self-Diagnosis Step 2
          • Checks Sensor Circuits For Open/Short Circuits
        • Self-Diagnosis Step 3
          • Checks Mode Door Position
        • Self-Diagnosis Step 4
          • Checks Operation Of Each Actuator
        • Self-Diagnosis Step 5
          • Checks Temperature Detected By Sensors & Multiplex
        • Auxiliary Mechanism Test
          • Temperature Setting Trimmer
        • Preliminary Check 1 - Air Outlet Does Not Change
        • Preliminary Check 2 - Intake Door Does Not Change
        • Preliminary Check 3 - Insufficient Cooling
        • Preliminary Check 4 - Insufficient Heating
        • Preliminary Check 5 - Blower Motor Malfunction
        • Preliminary Check 6 - Magnet Clutch Does Not Engage
        • Preliminary Check 7 - Discharged Air Temp Does Not Change
        • Preliminary Check 8 - Noise
        • Diagnostic Procedure 1 - Self-Diagnosis Cannot Be Performed
        • Diagnostic Procedure 2 - Ambient Temp Sensor Circuit Open
        • Diagnostic Procedure 3 - In-Vehicle Temp Sensor CKT Open
        • Diagnostic Procedure 4 - Thermal Transmitter Circuit Open
        • Diagnostic Procedure 5 - Intake Sensor Circuit Open
        • Diagnostic Procedure 6 - SUNLOAD Sensor Circuit Open
        • Diagnostic Procedure 7 - Potentiometer Balance Resistor Circuit Open
        • Diagnostic Procedure 8 - Ambient Temp Sensor Circuit Shorted
        • Diagnostic Procedure 9 - In-Vehicle Temp Sensor CKT Shorted
        • Diagnostic Procedure 10 - Thermal Transmitter Circuit Shorted
        • Diagnostic Procedure 11 - Intake Sensor Circuit Shorted
        • Diagnostic Procedure 12 - SUNLOAD Sensor Circuit Shorted
        • Diagnostic Procedure 13 - Potentiometer Balance Resistor Circuit Shorted
        • Diagnostic Procedure 14 - Mode Door Motor Does Not Operate Normally
        • Diagnostic Procedure 15 - Intake Door Motor Does Not Operate Normally
        • Diagnostic Procedure 16 - Air Mix Door Motor Does Not Operate Normally
        • Diagnostic Procedure 17 - Blower Motor Operation Is Malfunctioning
        • Diagnostic Procedure 18 - Magnet Clutch Does Not Engage
        • Diagnostic Procedure 19 - Maximum Cold Door Does Not Operate Normally
      • Testing
        • Notes
        • A/C System Performance
        • A/C, Condenser Fan, High-Speed Relay & Max Cold Relay
        • Ambient Temperature Sensor
        • A/C-Heater Control Panel & Auto Amplifier
          • Power Supply Check
          • Ground Circuit Check
        • Triple-Pressure Switch
          • J30
        • In-Vehicle Temperature Sensor
        • Intake Sensor
        • SUNLOAD Sensor
        • Thermal Transmitter
        • Potentiometer Balance Resistor (PBR)
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Instrument Panel
          • Removal & Installation (J30)
          • Removal & Installation (Q45)
        • A/C-Heater Components & Ducts
      • Wiring Diagrams
• Maintenance
  • Procedures
    • Maintenance Information
      • Model Identification
        • VIN Location
        • VIN Code Id Explanation
      • Maintenance Service Information
        • Severe & Normal Service Definitions
          • Notes
          • Normal Service
          • Severe Service (Unique Driving Conditions)
        • Fuel Filter Service
        • Air Bag Inspection
      • Service Point Locations
      • Information Label Locations
      • Lubrication Specifications
      • Fluid Capacities
      • Wheel & Tire Specifications
        • Tire Specifications
        • Wheel Torque Specifications
      • Battery Specifications
      • Cautions & Warnings
        • Supplemental Restraint System (Air Bag)
        • Air Conditioning Servicing
        • Anti-Lock Brake System
        • Replacing Blown Fuses
        • Brake Fluid
        • Brake Pads
        • Catalytic Converter
        • Electrostatic Discharge Sensitive (ESD) Parts
        • Methanol Gasoline
        • Engine Oil
        • Fuel System Service
        • Halogen Bulbs
        • Radiator Cap
        • Radiator Fan
      • Warranty Information
      • Fuses & Circuit Breakers
        • Fuse Panel Location
        • UNDERDASH Fuse Panel Identification
• Restraints
  • Air Bag, SRS
    • Air Bag Restraint System
      • Description & Operation
      • Service Precautions
      • Disabling & Activating SRS System
      • Post-Collision Inspection
      • Adjustments
        • Spiral Cable
      • Disposal Procedures
        • Deployed Air Bag & Seat Belt PRETENSIONER
        • UNDEPLOYED Air Bag & Seat Belt PRETENSIONER
        • Off-Vehicle Deployment
          • Notes
          • Driver-Side Air Bag Module
          • Passenger-Side Air Bag Module
          • Seat Belt Pretensioner
        • On-Vehicle Deployment (Scrapped Vehicle)
        • Deployment Tool Check
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Driver-Side Air Bag Module & Spiral Cable
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Passenger-Side Air Bag Module
          • Removal & Installation
        • Seat Belt PRETENSIONER
          • Removal & Installation
        • Diagnosis Sensor Unit
          • Removal & Installation
      • Testing - System Operation Check
      • Wire Repair
      • Self-Diagnostics
        • Notes
        • Using Consult Tester
        • Clearing Codes
        • Using Air Bag Warning Light
        • Using Seat Belt Warning Light
      • Diagnosis
        • Air Bag Warning Light Is Flashing
        • Air Bag Warning Light Does Not Come On
          • Using CONSULT Tester
          • Using AIR BAG Warning Light
        • Air Bag Warning Light Stays On
          • Using CONSULT Tester
          • Using AIR BAG Warning Light
        • Seat Belt Warning Light Is Flashing
          • Using CONSULT Tester
          • Using SEAT BELT Warning Light
        • Seat Belt Warning Light Does Not Come On
          • Using SEAT BELT Warning Light
        • Seat Belt Warning Light Stays On
          • Using SEAT BELT Warning Light
        • SRS Does Not Enter Diagnostic Mode
        • Fault Codes
        • Fault Code 0 - No Failure Indicated
          • Possible Cause
          • Corrective Action
        • Fault Code 2 - Airbag Module
          • Possible Causes
          • Corrective Action
        • Fault Code 7 - Diagnosis Sensor Unit
          • Possible Cause
          • Corrective Action
        • Fault Code 8 - Assist A/B Module
          • Possible Causes
          • Corrective Action
        • Seat Belt PRETENSIONERS (Drive Pre-Tension)
          • Possible Causes
          • Corrective Action
        • Seat Belt PRETENSIONERS (Assist Pre-Tension)
          • Possible Causes
          • Corrective Action
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagram
• Steering
  • Manual Steering
    • Electronic
      • Description & Operation
      • Precautions
      • System Testing
        • Heavy Steering Operation During Stationary Turns - Light Steering Operation During High Speed Driving
      • Component Testing
        • Power Steering Control Unit
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Power Rack & Pinion - Q45
      • Description & Operation
      • Testing
        • Steering Pump Pressure
        • Steering Wheel Turning Force
      • Lubrication
        • Fluid Type
        • Fluid Level Check
        • Hydraulic System Bleeding
      • Adjustments
        • Belt Adjustment
        • Pinion Rotating Force
        • Rack Sliding Force
      • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Gear
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Overhaul
        • Steering Gear & Power Steering Pump
      • Torque Specifications
    • Steering System - Power
      • Description & Operation
      • Testing
        • Steering Pump Pressure
        • Steering Wheel Turning Force
      • Lubrication
        • Fluid Type
        • Fluid Level Check
        • Hydraulic System Bleeding
      • Adjustments
        • Belt Adjustment
        • Pinion Rotating Force
        • Rack Sliding Force
      • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Gear & Linkage
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (I30)
          • Removal (J30 & Q45)
          • Installation
      • Overhaul
        • Steering Gear & Power Steering Pump
      • Torque Specifications
  • Power Steering
    • Electronic
      • Description & Operation
      • Precautions
      • System Testing
        • Heavy Steering Operation During Stationary Turns - Light Steering Operation During High Speed Driving
      • Component Testing
        • Power Steering Control Unit
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Power Rack & Pinion - Q45
      • Description & Operation
      • Testing
        • Steering Pump Pressure
        • Steering Wheel Turning Force
      • Lubrication
        • Fluid Type
        • Fluid Level Check
        • Hydraulic System Bleeding
      • Adjustments
        • Belt Adjustment
        • Pinion Rotating Force
        • Rack Sliding Force
      • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Gear
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Overhaul
        • Steering Gear & Power Steering Pump
      • Torque Specifications
    • Steering System - Power
      • Description & Operation
      • Testing
        • Steering Pump Pressure
        • Steering Wheel Turning Force
      • Lubrication
        • Fluid Type
        • Fluid Level Check
        • Hydraulic System Bleeding
      • Adjustments
        • Belt Adjustment
        • Pinion Rotating Force
        • Rack Sliding Force
      • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Gear & Linkage
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (I30)
          • Removal (J30 & Q45)
          • Installation
      • Overhaul
        • Steering Gear & Power Steering Pump
      • Torque Specifications
  • Steering Column
    • Steering Column - Power Tilt & Telescope
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Fail-Safe System
      • Component Locations
      • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
      • Programming
        • Initialization
          • Notes
          • Procedure "A"
          • Procedure "B"
        • Programming ADP Memory
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Notes
        • Diagnostics Using NISSAN Consult
        • Switch Monitor Mode II
        • On-Board Diagnostics Mode V
        • Clearing Self-Diagnostic Memory
          • With Nissan CONSULT
          • Without Nissan CONSULT
      • Symptom Diagnosis
        • Notes
        • Preliminary Check
        • Symptom Directory
          • Symptom No. 2 (All Steering Functions Inoperative)
          • Symptom No. 4 (Steering Tilt Function Or Telescopic Function Does Not Operate During Automatic Or Manual Operation)
          • Symptom No. 7 (All Automatic Functions Inoperative)
          • Symptom No. 8 (Drive Position Does Not Retain In Memory)
          • Symptom No. 10 (Steering Tilt Function Or Telescopic Function Operates Automatically Only)
          • Symptom No. 11 (Automatic Operation Cannot Be Cancelled)
          • Symptom No. 12 (Memory Indicator Light Does Not Illuminate)
      • Diagnostic Tests
      • Removal & Installation
    • Steering Column - Q45
      • Description
      • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
      • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Wheel & Horn Pad
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Combination Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Ignition Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Column
      • Overhaul
        • Steering Column
      • Torque Specifications
• Suspension
  • Front Suspension - I30, J30 & Q45
    • Description
    • Adjustments & Inspection
      • Wheel Alignment Specifications & Procedures
      • Wheel Bearing
        • Notes
        • I30 & Q45
        • J30
      • Shock Absorber/Strut Assembly
      • Ball Joint Checking
    • Removal & Installation
      • Front Wheel Bearing
        • Notes
        • Removal (I30)
        • Installation (I30)
        • Removal & Installation (J30)
        • Removal (Q45)
        • Installation (Q45)
      • Shock Absorber/Strut Assembly
        • Removal (I30)
        • Removal (Q45)
        • Removal (J30)
        • Disassembly (All Models)
        • Inspection
        • Reassembly (J30 & Q45)
        • Installation
      • Stabilizer Bar
        • Removal & Installation (I30 & J30)
      • Tension Rod & Stabilizer Bar
        • Removal & Installation (Q45)
      • Transverse Link & Lower Ball Joint
        • Removal & Installation (I30)
        • Removal & Installation (J30)
        • Removal & Installation (Q45)
    • Torque Specifications
      • Torque Specifications (I30)
      • Torque Specifications (J30)
      • Torque Specifications (Q45)
  • Rear Suspension - I30, J30 & Q45
    • Description
      • Notes
      • Rear Suspension System Exploded View (I30)
      • Rear Suspension System Exploded View (J30)
      • Rear Suspension System Exploded View (Q45)
    • Adjustments & Inspection
      • Wheel Alignment Specifications & Procedures
      • Wheel Bearing
      • Riding Height
      • Ball Joint Checking
        • J30 & Q45
    • Removal & Installation
      • Stabilizer Bar
        • Removal & Installation (J30 & Q45)
      • Hub & Knuckle Assembly
        • Removal & Installation (I30)
        • Removal & Installation (J30)
        • Removal & Installation (Q45)
      • Wheel Bearing
        • Removal & Installation (I30)
        • Removal & Installation (J30)
        • Removal (Q45)
        • Installation (Q45)
      • Rear Suspension Member
        • Removal (I30)
        • Installation (I30)
        • Removal & Installation (J30)
        • Removal & Installation (Q45)
      • Strut Assembly
        • Removal (I30)
        • Installation (I30)
        • Removal (J30)
        • Installation (J30)
        • Removal & Installation (Q45)
      • Suspension Arm
        • Removal & Installation (Q45)
    • Torque Specifications
      • I30
      • J30
      • Q45
  • Wheel Alignment
    • Specifications & Procedures - I30, J30 & Q45
      • Riding Height
        • Notes
        • Riding Height Adjustment
      • Jacking & Hoisting
        • Floor Jack
        • Emergency Jacking
        • Hoisting
          • I30
          • J30
          • Q45
        • Lifting Point Locations
      • Adjustments
        • Camber, Caster & Steering Axis Inclination
          • Notes
          • Front Suspension
        • Camber Adjustment
          • Notes
          • Rear Suspension (J30 & Q45)
        • Toe-In Adjustment
          • Front Suspension
          • Rear Suspension
        • Turning Angle
          • Front Suspension
      • Alignment Specifications
        • I30
        • J30
        • Q45
      • Torque Specifications
• Transmission
  • Automatic Trans
    • Automatic Transmission Oil Pan Gasket Id
      • Automatic Transmissions
    • Automatic Transmission Overhaul - Re4R01A, Re4R03A & RL4R01A
      • Application
      • Identification
      • Description & Operation
      • Lubrication & Adjustments
      • On-Vehicle Service
        • Valve Body Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
        • Inhibitor Switch Adjustment
        • Oil Cooler Flushing Procedure
        • Manual Control Linkage Adjustment
        • Rear Oil Seal Replacement
          • Removal & Installation
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Symptom Diagnosis
          • Engine Will Not Start In "P" Or "N"
          • Engine Will Start In "D", "2", "1" Or "R"
          • Transmission Noise In "P" & "N"
          • Parking Gear Will Not Engage Or Disengage
          • Vehicle Moves In "N"
          • Vehicle Will Not Move In "R"; Okay In "D", "2" & "1"
          • Vehicle Brakes When Shifted To "R"
          • Excessive Shock When Shifting From "N" To "D"
          • Vehicle Will Not Move In "D", "3" Or "2"; Okay In "1" & "R"
          • Vehicle Will Not Move In "1", "2" Or "D"; Okay In "R" (Very Poor Acceleration)
          • Slips When Accelerating
          • Excessive "Creep"
          • No "Creep"
          • No 1-2 Upshift
          • No 2-3 Upshift
          • No 3-4 Upshift
          • Upshift Points Too High In All Gears
          • Shifts From 1st To 3rd; Skips 2nd
          • Engine Dies When Shifted To "R", "D", "2" Or "1"
          • Excessive Shock During 1-2 Upshift
          • Excessive Shock During 2-3 Upshift
          • Excessive Shock During 3-4 Upshift
          • Slips During 1-2 Upshift
          • Slips During 2-3 Upshift
          • Slips During 3-4 Upshift
          • Vehicle Brakes During 1-2 Upshift
          • Vehicle Brakes During 2-3 Upshift
          • Vehicle Brakes During 3-4 Upshift
          • Poor Acceleration, Cannot Achieve Maximum Speed
          • Will Not Shift From 4-3
          • Will Not Shift 3-2, 4-2 Or 2-1 Or 3-1
          • Release Of Acceleration Pedal Causes Excessive Gear Change Shock During Deceleration
          • Shift Points, 4-3, 3-2, 2-1 Too High
          • No Kickdown From 4th While Depressing Pedal Within Kickdown Vehicle Speed Or Kickdown Operates While Depressing Pedal In 4th Beyond Kickdown Limit
          • Slips In Downshift From 4-3 While Pedal Depressed
          • Slips In Downshift From 4-2 While Pedal Depressed
          • Slips In Downshift From 3-2 While Pedal Depressed
          • Slips In Downshift From 4-1 Or 3-1 While Pedal Depressed
          • Will Not Move In Any Position
          • Transmission Noise In "D", "2", "1" & "R" Positions
          • Will Not Shift From Drive To 2nd When Shifting From "D" To "2"
          • Shifts From 2nd To Drive In "2" Position
          • No Engine Braking In "1" Position
          • Shifts From "1" To "2" In "1" Position
          • No Shift From "2" To "1" In "1" Position
          • Transmission Overheats
          • ATF Shoots Out From Filler Tube, White Smoke From Tailpipe
          • Offensive Smell At Filler Tube
          • Converter Does Not Lock Up
          • Torque Converter Clutch Piston Slip
          • Lock-Up Point Too High Or Low
          • Will Not Shift To "D4" With "OD" Switch On
          • Engine Stalls In "R", "D", "2" & "1" Positions
      • Testing
        • Road Test
          • Preliminary Checks
          • Check Before Engine Is Started
          • Check With Engine Idling
          • Road Test Procedure
        • Lock-Up & Shift Speed Specifications
        • Stall Speed Test Procedure
        • Hydraulic Pressure Tests
        • Line Pressure Specifications
      • Component Tests
        • Torque Converter
      • Removal & Installation
        • Transmission
      • Transmission Disassembly
      • Component Disassembly & Reassembly
        • Oil Pump
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Valve Body Assembly
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Upper Valve Body
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Upper Valve Body Spring Specifications
        • Lower Valve Body
          • Disassembly & Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Reverse Clutch
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • High Clutch
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Forward & Overrun Clutches
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Low & Reverse Brake
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Forward Clutch Drum
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Rear Internal Gear & Forward Clutch Hub
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Band Servo Piston Assembly
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Parking Pawl Components
          • Disassembly
          • Inspection & Reassembly
        • Governor Valve Assembly (RL4R01A)
          • Inspection & Reassembly
      • Transmission Reassembly
      • Torque Specifications
      • Transmission Specifications
    • Automatic Transmission Shift Interlock System
      • Description
      • Operation
        • Shift Lock System
        • Key Lock System
      • Symptom Tests (Q45)
        • Notes
        • Selector Lever Cannot Be Moved From Park Position With Key In And With Brake Pedal Applied Or, Selector Lever Can Be Moved From Park Position When Key Is Removed From Key Cylinder
        • Key Cannot Be Removed From Ignition Switch With Shift Lever In Park Position Or Key Can Be Removed From Ignition Switch With Shift Lever In Any Position Other Than Park
      • Symptom Tests (Except Q45)
        • Notes
        • Selector Lever Can Or Cannot Be Moved From Park Position With Key In On Position & Brake Pedal Applied Or, Selector Lever Can Or Cannot Be Moved From Park Position When Key Is Removed From Key Cylinder
          • Altima & Pathfinder
          • Frontier, I30, Maxima, Sentra, 200SX (Except 1997 2.0L), 240SX, Pickup & Quest
          • 1997 200SX (2.0L)
          • J30
      • Component Tests
        • Notes
        • ASCD Brake Switch
        • Detention Switch
        • Key Lock Solenoid
        • Key Lock Switch
        • Park Position Switch
        • Shift Lock Control Unit (Q45)
        • Shift Lock Control Unit (Except Q45)
        • Shift Lock Solenoid
      • Removal & Installation
        • Key Interlock Cable
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shift Lock Rod
          • Removal (Frontier, Pickup & Quest)
          • Installation
        • Shift Lock Solenoid
          • Removal & Installation (All Except Frontier, Pickup & Quest)
          • Removal & Installation (Frontier, Pickup & Quest)
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Removal & Installation - A/T
      • Application
      • Removal & Installation
        • I30
          • Removal
          • Inspection
          • Installation
        • J30
          • Removal
          • Inspection
          • Installation
        • Q45
          • Removal
          • Inspection
          • Installation
        • QX4
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Torque Specifications
    • Servicing - A/T
      • Identification
      • Lubrication
        • Service Intervals
        • Checking Fluid Level
          • Transaxle & Transmission
          • Transfer Case
        • Recommended Fluid
          • Transaxle & Transmission
          • Transfer Case
        • Fluid Capacities
        • Draining & Refilling
          • Transmission
          • Transfer Case (QX4)
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Control Cable
          • I30
        • Gearshift Linkage
          • J30 & Q45
          • QX4
        • Inhibitor Switch
      • Torque Specifications
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